Turbulent flows

Описание

Contents xi
11.4.2 The evolution of a Fourier mode 406
11.4.3 The evolution of the spectrum 411
11.4.4 Rapid distortion of initially isotropic turbulence 415
11.4.5 Final remarks 421
11.5 Pressure-rate-of-strain models 422
11.5.1 The basic model (LRR-IP) 423
11.5.2 Other pressure-rate-of-strain models 425
11.6 Extension to inhomogeneous flows 428
11.6.1 Redistribution 428
11.6.2 Reynolds-stress transport 429
11.6.3 The dissipation equation 432
11.7 Near-wall treatments 433
11.7.1 Near-wall eff"ects 433
11.7.2 Turbulent viscosity 434
11.7.3 Model equations for k and e 435
11.7.4 The dissipation tensor 436
11.7.5 Fluctuating pressure 439
11.7.6 Wall functions 442
11.8 Elliptic relaxation models 445
11.9 Algebraic stress and nonlinear viscosity models 448
11.9.1 Algebraic stress models 448
11.9.2 Nonlinear turbulent viscosity 452
11.10 Discussion 457
12 PDF methods 463
12.1 The Eulerian PDF of velocity 464
12.1.1 Definitions and properties 464
12.1.2 The PDF transport equation 465
12.1.3 The PDF of the fluctuating velocity 467
12.2 The model velocity PDF equation 468
12.2.1 The generalized Langevin model 469
12.2.2 The evolution of the PDF 470
12.2.3 Corresponding Reynolds-stress models 475
12.2.4 Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling approaches 479
12.2.5 Relationships between Lagrangian and Eulerian
PDFs 480
12.3 Langevin equations 483
12.3.1 Stationary isotropic turbulence 484
12.3.2 The generalized Langevin model 489
12.4 Turbulent dispersion 494

Детали