Chemistry. Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Описание

Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Guided Tour xxiii
1 CHAPTER
Detailed Contents
Keys to the Study of Chemistry 1
1.1 Some Fundamental Definitions 2
The Properties of Matter 2
The Three States of Matter 4
The Central Therne in Chemistry 5
The Importance of Energy in the Study
of Matter 6
1.2 Chemical Arts and the Origins of
Modern Chemistry 8
Prechernical Traditions 8
The Phlogiston Fiasco and the Irnpact
of Lavoisier 9
1.3 The Scientific Approach:
Developing a Model 10
2 CHAPTER
1.4 Chemical Problem Solving 12
Units and Conversion Factors in
Calculations 12
A Systematic Approach to Solving
Chernistry Problems 14
1.5 Measurement in Scientific
Study 16
General Features of SI Units 16
Sorne Irnportant 51 Units in
Chemistry 17
1.6 Uncertainty in Measurement:
Significant Figures 25
Determining Which Digits Are
Significant 26
Significant Figures in Calculations 27
Precision, Accuracy, and Instrurnent
Calibration 29
Chapter Perspective 30
. Chemical Connections to
Interdisciplinary Science:
CHEMISTRY PROBLEM SOLVING IN
THE REAL WORLD 31
For Review and Reference 32
Problems 33
The Components of Matter 38
2.1 Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures: An Atomic Overview 39
2.2 The Observations That Led to an
Atomic View of Matter 41
Mass Conservation 41
Definite Cornposition 42
Multiple Proportions 43
2.3 Dalton's Atomic Theory 44
Postulates of the Atomic Theory 44
How the Theory Explains the Mass
Laws 44
The Relative Masses of Atorns 45
2.4 The Observations That Led to the
Nuclear Atom Model 45
Discovery of the Electron and Its
Properties 45
Discovery of the Atornic Nucleus 47
2.5 The Atomic Theory Today 49
Structure of the Atorn 49
Atomic Number, Mass Number, and
Atomic Syrnbol 50
Isotopes and Atornic Masses of the
Elernents 50
. Tools of the Laboratory:
MASS SPECTROMETRY 52
A Modern Reassessment of the
Atornic Theory 53
2.6 Elements: A First Look at the
Periodic Table 54
2.7 Compounds: Introduction to
Bonding 57
The Forrnation of Ionic
Corn pounds 60
The Forrnation of Covalent
Compounds 60
The Elements of Life 61
2.8 Compounds: Formulas, Names, and
Masses 62
Types of Chernical Forrnulas 62
Sorne Advice about Learning Narnes
and Forrnulas 62
Narnes and Forrnulas of Ionic
Cornpounds 63
Narnes and Forrnulas of Binary
Covalent Corn pounds 68
An Introduction to Narning Organic
Compounds 69
Molecular Masses from Chernical
Formulas 70
Gallery: PICTURING MOLECULES 72
2.9 Mixtures: Classification and
Separation 73
. Tools of the Laboratory:
BASIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 74
Chapter Perspective 76
For Review and Reference 77
Problems 78

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