Transcriber’s note:

Minor typographical corrections silently made where the original was clearly inconsistent.

Where necessary, index entries were corrected to the main text.

The cover of this book created for epub versions is placed in the public domain.

Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary, With Comments

Prepared for the Use of Physicians Under Authorization of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association by a Committee Consisting of the Following:

A.W. Hewlett, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Leland Stanford Junior University.

Torald Sollmann, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology and Materia Medica, Medical Department, Western Reserve University.

M.I. Wilbert, Ph.M., Phar.D., Assistant in the Division of Pharmacology, Hygienic Laboratory, U.S. Public Health Service.

W.A. Puckner, Phar.D., Secretary of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry.

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
535 North Dearborn Street Chicago
1924

[Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, ninth decennial revision, in this volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any translations of the official weights and measures, or for any statement as to the strength of official preparations.

Permission to use for comment parts of the National Formulary has been granted by the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association.]

Copyright, 1921
American Medical Association

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

The Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary are now recognized by federal and state laws as standards for drugs and their preparations. Physicians who prescribe Pharmacopeial or National Formulary drugs or preparations, therefore, are more likely to obtain a good and constant quality than if they prescribe unofficial articles, i.e., articles that have no legalized standard. Hence medical men are interested in knowing what drugs and preparations are included in these two books of standards. Both the Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary, however, contain a vast amount of technical information, of value to pharmacists but of little interest to physicians. The Journal of the American Medical Association in 1907 issued the “Physicians’ Manual of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary,” a book designed to meet the needs of physicians in this respect. The fact that this book did meet a real need is evidenced by the continued demand for it.

The present “Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary” takes the place of that book, but is based on the new (the ninth) revision of the Pharmacopeia and the new (the fourth) edition of the National Formulary. It has been prepared under the direction of a committee appointed by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. The aim has been to include all the matter in the Pharmacopeia and National Formulary which is likely to be of interest to physicians. This, it is believed, consists of the official titles and their abbreviations; synonyms; brief definitions; when necessary, concise descriptions of the physical properties; and dosage. Since both the Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary include many drugs and preparations which are irrational, superfluous or worthless, in many cases the medical members of the committee have added brief comments to aid a discriminating selection of therapeutic agents.

In this epitome drugs are arranged alphabetically by Pharmacopeial or National Formulary titles; preparations of drugs are placed under the drugs themselves. Thus Tinctura Digitalis is placed not among the Ts, but among the Ds under Digitalis. Names of drugs are in black-face type; names of preparations are in light-face italics. An index is added to assist in ready reference.

Statements of composition refer in some cases to percentage by volume, in others to percentage by weight, and in still others to percentage by weight-volume—that is, the weight of a given chemical contained (or the weight of a given vegetable drug represented by extractives) in 100 Cc. of the preparation. It has not been thought worth while to indicate whether the statement in each case is by volume, weight or weight-volume, since the differences are too small to have any therapeutic importance. Statements of alcoholic content refer to percentage by volume and are approximate only. In a few instances in which the quantity of alcohol in a dose is small, or in which the preparation is intended for external use, the alcohol content is not stated.

Dosage statements, when followed by the letters “U.S.P.” or “N.F.,” are taken from these books, respectively, and are understood to be the average adult doses. In some cases in which this statement was felt to be inadequate or unsatisfactory, further suggestions as to dosage have been added.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

The text of this edition is the same as that of the first, except that a few typographical errors which were in the first edition have been corrected.

The new edition differs from the first in the following particulars:

In the first edition, a star indicates that the drug is included in the second (1916) edition of Useful Drugs. To bring the present edition up to date, the star (*) here indicates that the drug is included in the fifth (1921) edition of Useful Drugs.

In compliance with the opinion expressed by some that a more complete index would be helpful, the index to the second edition has been materially extended. It is hoped that this will help to familiarize those who purchase the book with its contents.

TABLES OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

METRIC MEASURES OF WEIGHT

1 Milligram (1 mg.) = 0.001 gram.
1 Centigram = 0.01 gram.
1 Decigram = 0.1 gram.
1 Gram (1 Gm.) = 1.[*]
1 Decagram = 10 grams.
1 Hektogram = 100 grams.
1 Kilogram (1 kg.) = 1000 grams.[†]

[*] The weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water at 4 C.

[†] The weight of 1 cubic decimeter of water at 4 C.

METRIC FLUID MEASURE

1 Milliliter (1 cubic centimeter, 1 Cc.) = 0.001 cubic decimeter.
1 Centiliter (10 Cc.) = 0.01 cubic decimeter.
1 Deciliter (100 Cc.) = 0.1 cubic decimeter.
1 Liter (1000 Cc.) = 1 cubic decimeter.

APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT

20 Grains = 1 scruple (℈).
3 Scruples = 1 drachm (ℨ).
8 Drachms = 1 ounce (℥).
12 Ounces = 1 pound (℔).

APOTHECARIES’ FLUID MEASURE

60 Minims = 1 fluidrachm (flℨ).
8 Fluidrachms = 1 fluidounce (fl℥).
16 Fluidounces = 1 pint (O).

EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT IN METRIC

1 Grain = 0.06479895 Gm.
1 Drachm = 3.8879369 Gm.
1 Ounce = 31.1034956 Gm.
1 Pound = 373.241948 Gm.

EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES’ FLUID MEASURE IN METRIC

1 Minim = 0.06161 Cc.
1 Fluidrachm = 3.6966 Cc.
1 Fluidounce = 29.573 Cc.
1 Pint = 473.17 Cc.

EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC WEIGHT IN APOTHECARIES’

0.001 Gm. (1 milligram, 1 mg.) = 0.01543 grain.
0.01 Gm. (1 centigram) = 0.15432 grain.
0.1 Gm. (1 decigram) = 1.54324 grains.
1 Gm. (1 gram) = 15.4324 grains.
10 Gm. (1 decagram) = 2 drachms, 34.324 grains.
100 Gm. (1 hectogram) = 3 ounces, 1 drachm, 43.24 grains.
1000 Gm. (1 kilogram, 1 kg.) = 2 pounds, 8 ounces, 52.4 grains.

EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC FLUID MEASURE IN APOTHECARIES’

1 Cc. = 16.231 minims.
10 Cc. = 2 fluidrachms, 42.311 minims.
100 Cc. = 3 fluidounces, 3 fluidrachms, 3.11 minims.
1000 Cc. (1 Liter) = 2 pints, 1 fluidounce, 6 fluidrachms, 31.1 minims.

METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ EQUIVALENTS (WEIGHTS)

METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ EQUIVALENTS (VOLUME)

CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS

CLINICAL TABLE OF CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS

Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

[STARS (*) DESIGNATE PREPARATIONS DESCRIBED IN “USEFUL DRUGS,” A BOOK PREPARED TO FURTHER A MORE RATIONAL MATERIA MEDICA AND PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PRICE 50 CENTS]

Absinthium (Absinth.), Absinthium, N.F. (Wormwood, Madderwort, Vermuth).

Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Obsolete aromatic bitter; without advantage over gentian or other bitter drugs.

*Acacia (Acac.), Acacia, U.S.P. (Gum Arabic, Gum Senegal).

A gum occurring in tears, fragments or powder. Slowly and almost completely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible with sodium borate, lead acetate and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Demulcent; chiefly as a vehicle to suspend insoluble substances in aqueous mixtures.

*Mucilago Acaciae (Mucil. Acac.), Mucilage of Acacia, U.S.P.—Acacia (35%) in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Acaciae (Syr. Acac.), Syrup of Acacia, U.S.P.— Acacia (10%) in sugar and water.

ACETA, VINEGARS.—A vinegar is a solution of vegetable principles either in diluted acetic acid or in a mixture of diluted acetic acid and alcohol. For Acetum Aromaticum, see under Oleum Lavandulae; for Acetum Opii and Acetum Scillae, see under Opium and Scilla, respectively.

*Acetanilidum (Acetanil.), Acetanilid, U.S.P. (Acetanilide, Antifebrin).—C₆H₅NH.CH₃CO.

A white, odorless, crystalline powder, with a slightly burning taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:190), very soluble in alcohol (1:3.4) and in chloroform (1:3.7). Incompatible with spirit of nitrous ether and forms pasty masses when triturated with chloral or antipyrin.

Action and Uses: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly to relieve headache and neuralgic pains. A habit-forming drug. If used over a long period of time, it may produce a severe anemia.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.) in powders which may be placed in capsules, or tablets which should be crushed before swallowing. It is well to begin with 0.1 Gm. or about 1-1/2 grains, and to repeat cautiously.

Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus (Pulv. Acetanil. Co.), Compound Acetanilid Powder, N.F.—Acetanilid (70%), caffeine (10%) and sodium bicarbonate (20%).

Uses: Irrational acetanilid preparation. The caffeine does not diminish the toxicity, nor does the bicarbonate increase the solubility of acetanilid, as was at one time supposed.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Acetonum (Aceton.), Acetone, U.S.P. (Dimethyl-Ketone).

A colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a pungent sweetish taste. Miscible with water, alcohol, ether and chloroform.

Action and Uses: Pharmaceutic solvent.

*Acetphenetidinum (Acetphen.), Acetphenetidin, U.S.P. (Phenacetin).—C₆H₄(OC₂H₅).NH.CH₃CO.

White, odorless, slightly bitter, crystalline scales or powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1310), soluble in alcohol (1:15) and in chloroform (1:14).

Action and Uses: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly for the relief of headache and neuralgic pains and in the treatment of mild fevers. A habit-forming drug. If used for a long period of time, it may produce a severe anemia.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in powders or capsules. If small doses fail to relieve headache, larger doses are also usually ineffective.

*Acidum Aceticum (Acid. Acet.), Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—Acetic acid CH₃.COOH (about 36.5%).

Action and Uses: Caustic and rubefacient. In the form of vinegar, is antidote to alkalies.

Acidum Aceticum Dilutum (Acid. Acet. Dil.), Diluted Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—CH₃COOH (about 6%).

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale (Acid. Acet. Glac.), Glacial Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—CH₃COOH.

A colorless liquid, with a vinegar-like odor and a pungent, sour taste. Miscible with water or alcohol.

*Acidum Benzoicum (Acid. Benz.), Benzoic Acid, U.S.P.—C₆H₅.COOH. Obtained from benzoin or prepared synthetically.

Lustrous, almost colorless scales or needles, with a pungent, acid taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:275) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.3); also readily soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides or carbonates with the production of alkali benzoates.

Action and Uses: Mild antiseptic and diuretic.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), best given in the form of soluble benzoates (see under Sodii Benzoas).

*Acidum Boricum (Acid. Bor.) Boric Acid, U.S.P. (Boracic Acid).—H₃BO₃.

Colorless, odorless scales or powder with a faintly bitter taste. Soluble in water and in alcohol (1:18); freely soluble in glycerin (1:4).

Action and Uses: Mild antiseptic and astringent.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. A watery solution, ranging from 2 per cent. to saturated, is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. Externally used as dusting powder.

*Glyceritum Boroglycerini (Glycer. Boroglyc.), Glycerite of Boroglycerin, U.S.P.—Boroglycerin in glycerin representing 31% boric acid.

Liquor Antisepticus (Liq. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution, N.F.—Boric acid (2.5%), thymol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, oil of thyme, menthol, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate in alcohol and water.

Uses: Needlessly complex aromatic mouthwash.

*Unguentum Acidi Borici (Ung. Acid. Bor.), Ointment of Boric Acid, U.S.P.—Boric acid (10%) in paraffin and white petrolatum.

Acidum Bromauricum (Acid. Bromaur.), Bromauric Acid, N. F.—Corresponds to not less than 32 per cent. of metallic gold.

A dark-brown, odorless solid, with a metallic acid taste. Very soluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: “Alterative” apparently of no value.

Dosage: 0.006 Gm. or 1/10 grain (N.F.).

Liquor Auri et Arseni Bromidi (Liq. Aur. et Arsen. Brom.), Solution of Gold and Arsenic Bromide, N.F.—Contains hydrogen bromaurate (HAuBr₄) and arsenic acid (H₃AsO₄) obtained by oxidizing a solution of arsenous oxide with bromine and adding bromauric acid.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Acidum Citricum (Acid. Cit), Citric Acid, U.S.P.

Colorless, odorless crystals. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and in alcohol (1:1.8).

Action and Uses: Substitute for lemon juice; also substitute for dilute hydrochloric acid in the treatment of gastric hypoacidity.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Syrupus Acidi Citrici (Syr. Acid. Cit.), Syrup of Citric Acid, U.S.P.—Citric acid (1%), flavored with tincture of lemon peel, in syrup.

Uses: Vehicle for salty substances such as bromides.

Acidum Formicum (Acid. Formic), Formic Acid, N.F.—HCOOH (about 25%).

A clear, colorless liquid, with a characteristic pungent odor, and an acid reaction.

Action and Uses: Externally as caustic irritant, but without advantage over mustard. Internally as slightly irritant diuretic, but without advantage over nitrates. The elixirs containing various formates are intended as tonics, but there is no good evidence that they have such action. They are needlessly complex and irrational.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Elixir Formatum (Elix. Format.), Elixir of Formates, N.F.—Potassium formate (5%), sodium formate (5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Formatum Compositum (Elix. Format. Co.), Compound Elixir of Formates, N.F.—Sodium formate (3%), magnesium formate (2.5%), strontium formate (2.5%), lithium formate (1%), quinine formate (0.8%), compound spirit of cardamom, acetic ether, alcohol, glycerin and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 9.9 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Spiritus Acidi Formici (Sp. Ac. Formic.), Spirit of Formic Acid, N.F. (Spiritus Formicarum, Spirit of Ants).—Formic acid (4%) in distilled water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Rubefacient.

Dosage: 4 Cc or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Acidum Gallicum (Acid. Gallic.), Gallic Acid, U.S.P.

An odorless, almost white powder, with an astringent taste. Soluble in water (1:87) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:4.6) and in glycerin (1:10).

Action and Uses: Mild astringent; not very effective.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Acidum Hydriodicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydriod. Dil.), Diluted Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P.—HI (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, also with metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: Has the general properties of iodides.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted. Administered chiefly in the form of syrup as a substitute for the alkali iodides, over which it has no material advantage.

Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici (Syr. Acid. Hydriod.), Syrup of Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P.—Hydriodic acid (about 1.25%).

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrobrom. Dil.), Diluted Hydrobromic Acid, U.S.P.—HBr (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and the salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: In general, those of bromides; but the preparation is objectionable because of its acidity.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Acidum Hydrochloricum (Acid. Hydrochl.), Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Muriatic Acid).—HCl (about 32%).

A fuming, corrosive liquid. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: Used in gastric hypoacidity; also as caustic; antiseptic.

*Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P.—HCl (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless, strongly acid solution.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), after meals, diluted in one-half to one glass water and taken through a glass tube to protect the teeth.

Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrocyan. Dil.), Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid, U.S.P. (Diluted Prussic Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, P.I.).—HCN (about 2%).

A colorless liquid, with an odor like that of bitter almonds.

Action and Uses: Said to be sedative. Was formerly used as an addition to cough mixtures and as an antiemetic but, because of its poisonous properties and instability, is no longer used to the same extent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.)—not drops.

Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Acid. Hypophos.), Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₂ (about 31%).

A colorless, odorless liquid.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of compound hypophosphite preparations.

Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum (Acid. Hypophos. Dil.), Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₂ (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid with a strong acid taste.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

Acidum Lacticum (Acid. Lact.), Lactic Acid, U.S.P.—Equivalent to about 87 per cent. lactic acid.

A colorless or nearly colorless, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid, with an acid taste. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic; seldom used internally.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Acidum Nitricum (Acid. Nitric.), Nitric Acid, U.S.P.—HNO₃ (about 68%).

A colorless, fuming, very corrosive liquid with a suffocating odor. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic.

Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl.), Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Aqua Regia, Nitromuriatic Acid).—A mixture of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrosyl chloride and chlorine.

A golden-yellow, fuming, very corrosive liquid. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic. Formerly thought to be a “hepatic stimulant,” but acts much like other mineral acids.

Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid).—An aqueous solution of about one-fifth the strength of nitrohydrochloric acid; should be freshly prepared.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.

Acidum Oleicum (Acid. Oleic.), Oleic Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from fats.

A yellowish or brownish-yellow, oily liquid, having a lard-like odor and taste. Practically insoluble in water, partially soluble in 60 per cent. alcohol.

Action and Uses: Solvent for making oleates.

*Acidum Phenylcinchoninicum (Acid. Phenylcinch.), Phenylcinchoninic Acid, U.S.P. (Phenyl-Quinoline-Carboxylic Acid, Atophan).

A white or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder with a bitter taste. Insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Increases the excretion of uric acid and diminishes its concentration in the blood. Analgesic. Has been used in acute and chronic gout.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in tablets or powder.

Acidum Phosphoricum (Acid. Phos.), Phosphoric Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₄ (about 86.5%).

A colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid having a strongly acid taste. Miscible with water. Incompatible with alkalies, alkali carbonates, ferric chloride, lead acetate and solutions of lime.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid. Has none of the therapeutic properties of free phosphorus.

Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (Acid. Phos. Dil.), Diluted Phosphoric Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₄ (about 10%).

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

Liquor Phosphatum Acidus (Liq. Phos. Acid.), Acid Solution of Phosphates, N.F. (Solution of Acid Phosphates).—Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (5%) in phosphoric acid and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Phosphatum Compositus (Liq. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Phosphates, N.F.—Phosphates of calcium, iron, ammonium, potassium and sodium in citric acid, glycerin, orange flower water and water.

Syrupus Phosphatum Compositum (Syr. Phos. Co.), Compound Syrup of the Phosphates, N.F. (Chemical Food).—Compound solution of phosphates (50%), colored with tincture of cudbear, in glycerin and syrup.

Uses: Antiquated and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina.—See under Quininae Hydrochloridum.

Acidum Picricum, Picric Acid.—See Trinitrophenol.

*Acidum Salicylicum (Acid. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid, U.S.P.—C₆H₄(OH)COOH.

A white, odorless powder, tasting first sweetish, subsequently acrid. Slightly soluble in water (1:460), freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.7) and in ether. Incompatible with solutions of iron and with spirit of nitrous ether.

Action and Uses: Antirheumatic, antiseptic, germicide and keratolytic.

Dosage: Internally 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.) best given in the form of soluble salicylates (see Sodii Salicylas). Externally in 10 per cent. ointment as a keratolytic.

Collodium Salicylici Compositum (Collod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Salicylic Collodion, N.F.—Salicylic acid (1.1%) and flexible collodion colored with fluidextract of cannabis.

Uses: A popular application for softening corns. The cannabis can play no rôle beyond that of coloring agent.

Glycerogelatinum Acidi Salicylici (Glycerogel. Acid. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid Glycerogelatin, N.F.—Salicylic acid (10%), in water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

Mulla Acidi Salicylici (Mull. Ac. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Salicylatum Extensum, N.F. III).—Salicylic acid (10%), in benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

Mulla Creosoti Salicylata (Mull. Creosot. Salicyl.), Salicylated Creosote Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Creosoti Salicylatum Extensum, N.F. III).—Salicylic acid (10%), and creosote (20%) in yellow wax and benzoinated suet.

Pulvis Talci Compositus (Pulv. Talc. Co.), Compound Powder of Talc, N.F. (Boro-Salicylated Powder of Talc).—Salicylic acid (3%), boric acid (10%) and talc.

Uses: Toilet powder, used for local sweating.

Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles (Stil. Acid. Salicyl. Dilub.), Salicylic Acid Pencil, N.F.—Salicylic acid (10%) with tragacanth, starch, white dextrin and sugar.

Uses: For the application of salicylic acid to limited areas.

Acidum Stearicum (Acid. Stear.), Stearic Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from fats.

A white, hard, unctuous, odorless and tasteless substance. Soluble in alcohol (1:21) and in chloroform (1:2), but insoluble in water.

Uses: Used in making glycerin suppositories.

Acidum Sulphuricum (Acid. Sulph.), Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—H₂SO₄ (about 94%).

A colorless, odorless, corrosive liquid. Miscible with water or alcohol with evolution of much heat.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid. Externally, the dilute acid is used as astringent.

Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Acid. Sulph. Arom.), Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—A mixture, containing free sulphuric acid and ethylsulphuric acid equivalent to about 20 per cent. of H₂SO₄ in alcohol, flavored with ginger and cinnamon. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

A clear, reddish-brown liquid with an aromatic odor.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims, well diluted.

Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Acid. Sulph. Dil.), Diluted Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—H₂SO₄ (about 10%).

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.

*Acidum Tannicum (Acid. Tann.), Tannic Acid, U.S.P. (Gallotannic Acid, Tannin).—Usually obtained from nutgalls.

A yellowish-white to light brown powder, odorless or having a faint, characteristic odor and a strongly astringent taste. Freely soluble in glycerin (1:1) and very soluble in water and in alcohol. Incompatible with soluble preparations of iron.

Action and Uses: Astringent; local hemostatic; antidote for certain alkaloidal and metallic poisons.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Collodium Stypticum (Collod. Stypt.), Styptic Collodion, N.F.—Tannic acid (20%) and flexible collodion. There is no advantage in applying tannin as collodion.

*Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Glycer. Acid. Tann.), Glycerite of Tannic Acid, U.S.P. (Glycerite of Tannin).—Tannic acid (20%) in glycerin.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Acidi Tannici (Troch. Acid. Tann.), Troches of Tannic Acid, U.S.P.—Each troche contains tannic acid (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with sugar and tragacanth, flavored with orange flower.

Unguentum Acidi Tannici (Ung. Acid. Tann.), Ointment of Tannic Acid, U.S.P.—Tannic acid (20%), in glycerin and ointment.

Acidum Tartaricum (Acid. Tart.), Tartaric Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from wine lees or argol.

A white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.75) and in alcohol (1:3.3).

Action and Uses: Mild acid; used in the manufacture of effervescent salts.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains, diluted.

Acidum Trichloraceticum (Acid. Trichloracet.), Trichloracetic Acid, U.S.P.—CCl₃.COOH.

Colorless, deliquescent crystals with a slight characteristic odor. Miscible with water and with alcohol.

Action and Uses: Caustic, for the removal of warts and other skin blemishes. Used also as local hemostatic.

Aconitina (Aconitin.), Aconitine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from aconite.

A white, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol (1:28) and in ether (1:65).

Action and Uses: Similar to those described under aconite. As several alkaloidal preparations of aconite, of varying activity, are sold under the name of aconitine, its use is not advisable.

Dosage: 0.15 mg. or 1/400 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Aconitinae (Oleat. Aconitin.), Oleate of Aconitine, N.F.—Aconitine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.

Uses: Without advantage over aconite preparations for external application.

*Aconitum (Aconit.), Aconite, U.S.P. (Monkshood, Aconite Root, Aconiti Tuber, P.I.).—A tuberous root, yielding about 0.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids; also assayed biologically. Physicians should specify preparations that have been assayed biologically, since the alkaloidal assay is not a reliable index of activity.

Action and Uses: Slows the pulse and lowers the blood pressure, but this action in therapeutic doses is uncertain. Used in the treatment of febrile colds; also for counter-irritation, in the form of the tincture. Used also as a local anesthetic, and by some still believed to be useful in the treatment of the symptoms arising from excessive cardiac hypertrophy. Toxic symptoms may occur from local absorption.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.); not used as such.

Extractum Aconiti (Ext. Aconit.), Extract of Aconite, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Aconite).—Yields about 2 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product.

Fluidextractum Aconiti (Fldext. Aconit.), Fluidextract of Aconite, U.S.P.—Aconite (100%), yielding about 0.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product. Best to use the tincture.

Linimentum Aconiti et Chloroformi (Lin. Aconit. et Chlorof.), Liniment of Aconite and Chloroform, N.F.—Fluidextract of aconite (4.5%), in alcohol, chloroform and soap liniment.

*Tinctura Aconiti (Tr. Aconit.), Tincture of Aconite, U.S.P. (Aconiti Tinctura, P.I.).—Aconite (10%) yielding about 0.05 per cent. of alkaloids, in alcohol and water. Alkaloidal assay unreliable. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians should specify the biologically assayed product.

*Adeps (Adeps), Lard, U.S.P.

Insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Basis for ointments. Used particularly when absorption is desired.

*Adeps Benzoinatus (Adeps Benz.), Benzoinated Lard, U.S.P.—Somewhat antiseptic and less liable to rancidity than ordinary lard.

Unguentum (Ung.), Ointment, U.S.P. (Simple Ointment).—White wax (20%) and benzoinated lard.

Adeps Lanae (Adeps Lan.), Wool Fat, U.S.P. (Anhydrous Lanolin).—Purified wool fat, freed from water.

Insoluble in but miscible with about twice its weight of water; sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Basis for ointments; because of its tenacious consistency, should be mixed with some other base.

*Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Adeps Lan. Hyd.), Hydrous Wool Fat, U.S.P. (Lanolin).—Wool fat with about 27 per cent. of water.

Uses: Ointment used particularly when absorption through the skin is desired; mixed with white petrolatum or lard.

Adonis (Adonis), Adonis, N.F. (Pheasant’s Eye).—The plant deprived of its root.

Action and Uses: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group, but of unreliable activity.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Adonidis (Fldext. Adonid.), Fluidextract of Adonis, N.F.—Adonis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.125 Cc. or 2 minims (N.F.).

*Aether (Aether), Ether, U.S.P.—Contains about 96.5 per cent. of ethyl oxide.

A clear, colorless, very inflammable liquid with a characteristic odor and a burning, sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1:12), and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, petroleum benzin, benzene, and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: General anesthetic, administered by inhalation; when administered by mouth, carminative.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

*Spiritus Aetheris (Sp. Aeth.), Spirit of Ether, U.S.P. (Hoffmann’s Drops).—Ether (32.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Uses: Carminative and fugacious indirect circulatory stimulant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Spiritus Aetheris Compositus (Sp. Aether. Co.), Compound Spirit of Ether, N.F. (Hoffmann’s Anodyne).—Ether (32.5%), ethereal oil (2.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: A superfluous modification of spirit of ether.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Aether Aceticus (Aeth. Acet.), Acetic Ether, N.F. (Ethyl Acetate).

A colorless, fragrant liquid, with a burning taste.

Action and Uses: Carminative, similar to and without special advantage over ether. Also used pharmaceutically, as flavoring ingredient.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Aether Nitrosus, Nitrous Ether.—Ethyl nitrite.

*Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi (Sp. Aeth. Nitros.), Spirit of Nitrous Ether, U.S.P. (Sweet Spirit of Nitre).—Ethyl nitrite (about 4%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

Action and Uses: Popularly used as a weak diuretic and diaphoretic. Unstable and therefore unreliable. Has the physiologic action of a weak nitrite.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Aethylis Carbamas (Aethyl. Carbam.), Ethyl Carbamate, U.S.P. (Carbamic Acid Ethyl Ester, Urethane, Ethyl Urethane).

Colorless, odorless crystals or scales, with a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.45) and in alcohol (1:0.8). Incompatible with alkalies, acids and most other chemicals.

Action and Uses: Very mild and relatively harmless hypnotic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in powder, cachets or solution.

*Aethylis Chloridum (Aethyl. Chlor.), Ethyl Chloride, U.S.P.—Monochlorethane, CH₃CH₂Cl.

A colorless, very volatile liquid, with an agreeable odor and a sweetish, burning taste. The vapor is very inflammable. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol and in ether.

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic for minor operations. Used in the form of a spray to produce intense cold. Has also been used by inhalation as general anesthetic in short operations.

*Aethylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Aethylmorph. Hydrochl.), Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Ethylmorphine Chloride, Dionin).

A white, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:8) and soluble in alcohol (1:22).

Action and Uses: Systemically, intermediate between those of morphine and codeine. Probably possesses no advantage over codeine. When applied to the eye it causes local hyperemia terminating in acute conjunctival edema.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). Used as 10 per cent. ointment or solution in corneal opacity and similar conditions.

Agar (Agar), Agar, U.S.P. (Agar-Agar).—A mucilaginous substance extracted from certain seaweeds.

Nearly white, almost odorless and tasteless strips, shreds or powder, tough when damp, brittle when dry. Insoluble in cold water, but slowly soluble in hot water.

Action and Uses: Passes through the intestinal canal almost unchanged. Absorbs and retains moisture. Used in chronic constipation with intestinal atony; renders the feces soft and bulky and thus promotes peristalsis.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Agaricus (Agaric), Agaric, N.F. (White Agaric, Larch Agaric).—The fruit body of a fungus.

Action and Uses: Empirical and unreliable remedy for night sweats of phthisis.

Dosage: 0.6 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

*Alcohol (Alcohol), Alcohol, U.S.P.—Not less than 92.3 per cent. by weight or 94.9 per cent. by volume of C₂H₅OH.

A colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, with a characteristic odor and burning taste. Freely miscible with water, ether or chloroform.

Action and Uses: Rubefacient, astringent, antiseptic and by its evaporation a refrigerant. Internally it is a narcotic widely used as a “stimulant” but may do more harm than good.

Alcohol Dehydratum (Alcohol Dehyd.), Dehydrated Alcohol, U.S.P. (Alcohol Absolutum, U.S.P. VIII).—Not less than 99 per cent. by weight of C₂H₅OH.

A liquid with the same color, odor and taste as alcohol.

Alcohol Dilutum (Alcohol Dil.), Diluted Alcohol, U.S.P.—About 41.5 per cent. by weight or 49 per cent. by volume of C₂H₅OH.

*Elixir Aromaticum (Elix. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir, U.S.P. (Simple Elixir).—Compound spirit of orange in syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content of this preparation should not be overlooked.

Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum (Elix. Arom. Rub.), Red Aromatic Elixir, N.F. (Red Elixir).—Aromatic elixir colored with cudbear.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elix. Glycyrrh.), Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Elixir Adjuvans, U.S.P. VIII, Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content should not be overlooked.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Aromatic Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%), oil of clove, oil of cassia, oil of myristica, oil of fennel and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

Aletris (Aletr.), Aletris, N.F. (Unicorn Root, Colic Root, Star Grass).—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Simple bitter, without advantage over gentian. Also used in proprietary “female remedies,” without good evidence of value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Aletridis (Fldext. Aletrid.), Fluidextract of Aletris, N.F.—Aletris (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Allium (Allium), Garlic, N.F.

Action and Uses: Irritant expectorant; without advantage over senega, terpin hydrate or asafetida.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Allii (Syr. Allii), Syrup of Garlic, N.F.—Garlic (20%) in sugar and diluted acetic acid.

Uses: Irritant expectorant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Aloe (Aloe), Aloes, U.S.P.—The inspissated juice of different species of aloes, yielding Socotrine, Curaçao and Cape aloes, respectively.

Action and Uses: Moderately active cathartic used in the treatment of chronic constipation. Acts mostly on the large intestine.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as pills.

*Extractum Aloes (Ext. Aloes), Extract of Aloes, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Aloes).—An aqueous extract, 1 Gm. representing 2 Gm. of aloes; diluted with starch. No material advantage over aloes.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Pilulae ad Prandium (Pil. ad Prand.), Dinner Pills, N.F.

1. For dinner pills without additional specifications Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (which see), also called Lady Webster’s Pills, should be dispensed.

2. Chapman’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and mastic (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), and ipecac (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), with oil of fennel.

3. Cole’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes, mass of mercury and jalap (each 0.078 Gm. or 1-1/4 grains), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) and syrup.

4. Hall’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with extract of glycyrrhiza and soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes (Pil. Aloes), Pills of Aloes, U.S.P.—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae (Pil. Aloe. et Asafoet.), Pills of Aloes and Asafetida, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and asafetida (each 0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Aloes et Ferri (Pil. Aloe. et Ferr.), Pills of Aloes and Iron, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and exsiccated ferrous sulphate (each 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains), with aromatic powder and confection of rose.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (Pil. Aloe. et Mastich.), Pills of Aloes and Mastic, N.F. (Lady Webster’s Dinner Pill).—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and mastic (0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain) with red rose.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae (Pil. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Pills of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and myrrh (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with aromatic powder and syrup.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes et Podophylli Compositae (Pil. Aloe. et Podoph. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes and Podophyllum, N.F. (Janeway’s Pills).—Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves and extract of nux vomica (each 0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Podophylli (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Podoph.), Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Podophyllum, N.F. (Pilulae Triplices, N.F. III, Triplex Pills, Pilula Triplex).—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), mass of mercury (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain). These pills should not be taken habitually.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Scammonii Compositae (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Scammon Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Scammony, N.F. (Francis’ Triplex Pills).—Each pill contains aloes, resin of scammony and mass of mercury (each 0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), croton oil (0.0032 Cc. or 1/20 minim), oil of caraway (0.016 Cc. or 1/4 minim) and tincture of aloes and myrrh. Should not be taken habitually.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pulvis Aloes et Canellae (Pulv. Aloe. et Canell.), Powder of Aloes and Canella, N.F. (Hiera Picra).—Aloes (80%) and canella.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Aloes (Tr. Aloes), Tincture of Aloes, U.S.P.—Aloes (10%) and glycyrrhiza in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae (Tr. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F.—Represents aloes and myrrh (each 10%) and glycyrrhiza in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Disagreeable cathartic.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Aloinum (Aloin.), Aloin, U.S.P.—Obtained from aloes.

A yellow, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of aloes; is more easily absorbed, and has sometimes produced renal irritation.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.), as pills. In chronic constipation, frequently given in doses of from 0.006 Gm. to 0.02 Gm., or 1/12 to 1/3 grain in combination with extract of belladonna and strychnine.

Pilulae Aloini Compositae (Pil. Aloin. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain), and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae (Pil. A.S. et B.), Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain) and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae Compositae (Pil. A.S. et B. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and extract of cascara sagrada (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain).

Uses: Needlessly complex mixture.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Laxativae Compositae (Pil. Lax. Co.), Compound Laxative Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and ipecac (0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain) with glycyrrhiza and syrup.

Uses: Complex and superfluous preparation of aloin.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Althaea (Althaea), Althaea, U.S.P. (Marsh Mallow Root).

Action and Uses: Demulcent and emollient; without advantages over other drugs of the same kind, such as chondrus, tragacanth, slippery elm and flaxseed.

Species Pectorales (Spec. Pect.), Pectoral Species, N.F. (Species ad Infusum Pectorale, Breast Tea).—Althaea, coltsfoot, glycyrrhiza, anise, mullein flowers and orris root.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Althaeae (Syr. Althae.), Syrup of Althaea, N.F.—Althaea (5%) with alcohol, glycerin and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 2.5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Althaeae Folia (Althae. Fol.), Althaea Leaves, N.F. (Marsh Mallow Leaves).

Action and Uses: Domestic demulcent and emollient; inferior for internal use to gums and for poultices to flaxseed.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Species Emollientes (Spec. Emoll.), Emollient Species, N.F. (Emollient Cataplasm).—Althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot, matricaria and flaxseed. Emollient poultice is made by adding a suitable quantity of hot water to this powder.

*Alumen (Alum.), Alum, U.S.P.—AlNH₄(SO₄)₂ + 12H₂O or AlK(SO₄)₂ + 12H₂O. (The physician may indicate whether ammonium alum or potassium alum is desired.)

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and possessing a strongly astringent taste. Ammonium alum is somewhat less soluble in water than is potassium alum, which is freely soluble in water (1:7.2); both are insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Astringent, styptic and hemostatic. Seldom administered internally.

Dosage: As a gargle, in from 1 to 5 per cent. solution (somewhat injurious to the teeth); as an injection in gonorrhea, in from 0.5 to 1 per cent. solution; as a lotion in skin diseases, in 1 per cent. solution.

*Alumen Exsiccatum (Alum. Exsic.), Exsiccated Alum, U.S.P. (Alumen Ustum, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum).—Anhydrous AlNH₄(SO₄)₂ or anhydrous AlK(SO₄)₂. (The composition of the desired salt may be indicated.)

White, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Very slowly soluble in water (1:14); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used externally like alum, being more escharotic.

*Alumini Acetas, Aluminum Acetate.—Normal aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃.

Liquor Alumini Acetatis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.), Solution of Aluminum Acetate, N.F. (Liquor Burowii, Burow’s Solution).—Contains normal aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (about 5%).

Uses: Popular astringent wash.

Dosage: Usually diluted with 15 parts of water.

Alumini Acetico-Tartras, Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate.

Liquor Alumini Acetico-Tartratis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.-Tart.), Solution of Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate, N.F.—A solution of aluminum acetate and tartrate obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in a mixture of acetic and tartaric acids.

Alumini Chloridum (Alum. Chlor.), Aluminum Chloride, N.F.—AlCl₃ + 6H₂O.

A nearly white deliquescent powder, with a sweetish, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and astringent, without advantage over alum.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Alumini Hydroxidum (Alum. Hydrox.), Aluminum Hydroxide, U.S.P.—Al(OH)₃.

A white, bulky, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Mild astringent and desiccant, sometimes used as a dusting powder.

Alumini Subacetas, Aluminum Subacetate.—Basic aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₂OH.

*Liquor Alumini Subacetatis (Liq. Alumin. Subacet.), Solution of Aluminum Subacetate, N.F. (Liquor Alumini Acetatis, N.F. III).—Contains basic aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₂OH (about 8%).

Uses: Astringent wash.

Dosage: Usually diluted with ten parts of water.

Alumini Sulphas (Alum. Sulph.), Aluminum Sulphate, N.F.—Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 16H₂O.

A white, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to and without advantage over alum.

*Ammonia (NH₃).

*Aqua Ammoniae (Aq. Ammon.), Ammonia Water, U.S.P.—NH₃ (about 10%) in water.

A liquid with a strong odor and a caustic, soapy taste. Loses NH₃ readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

Uses: Local irritant and antacid, preferably as a liniment. Fugacious indirect circulatory and respiratory stimulant.

Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Aq. Ammon. Fort.), Stronger Ammonia Water, U.S.P.—NH₃ (about 28%) in water.

Loses NH₃ very readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

*Linimentum Ammoniae (Lin. Ammon.), Ammonia Liniment, U.S.P. (Volatile Liniment, Hartshorn Liniment).—Ammonia water (25%) in sesame oil.

Uses: Popularly used as counterirritant.

Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata (Lot. Ammon. Camph.), Ammoniated Camphor Wash, N.F. (Aqua Sedativa, N.F. III, Sedative Water, Eau Sédative de Raspail).—Ammonia water (6%) and spirit of camphor (1%), in sodium chloride and water.

Uses: Counterirritant.

Spiritus Ammoniae Anisatus (Sp. Ammon. Anis.), Anisated Spirit of Ammonia, N.F. (Liquor Ammoniae Anisatus, Anisated Solution of Ammonia).—Ammonia water (20%) with anethol, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic carminative preparation.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Ammonii Acetas, Ammonium Acetate.—NH₄C₂H₃O₂.

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P. (Spirit of Mindererus).—Contains NH₄C₂H₃O₂ (not less than 7%).

Uses: Diaphoretic and diuretic in fevers; of doubtful value.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. et Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P. (Basham’s Mixture).

Uses: An antiquated preparation, without the special advantages generally ascribed to it. Iron and acetates are better prescribed separately.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Ammonii Benzoas (Ammon. Benz.), Ammonium Benzoate, U.S.P.

A white, odorless or nearly odorless powder, with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:10) and soluble in alcohol (1:35). Incompatible with acids, fixed alkalies and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Resembles sodium benzoate in its action but is more irritant and has no advantage over it.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Ammonii Bromidum (Ammon. Brom.), Ammonium Bromide, U.S.P.—NH₄Br.

A white, odorless powder with a pungent saline taste. Incompatible with nitrous ether.

Action and Uses: Those of the bromides; more irritant than potassium bromide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

Elixir Ammonii Bromidi (Elix. Ammon. Brom.), Elixir of Ammonium Bromide, N.F.—Ammonium bromide (8.5%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Trium Bromidorum (Elix. Tri. Brom.), Elixir of Three Bromides, N.F.—Ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), with cudbear and compound elixir of almond. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

Uses: An irrational bromide mixture, as there is no good evidence that the bases influence the bromide action materially.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Ammonii Carbonas (Ammon. Carb.), Ammonium Carbonate, U.S.P.—A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate, yielding about 31 per cent. of NH₃.

White, hard, translucent masses, with a strong ammoniacal odor and a sharp, ammoniacal taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves the carbamate and leaves the bicarbonate.

Action and Uses: Alkaline and nauseant liquefying expectorant used in cough mixtures; also as reflex “diffusible” stimulant in smelling salts.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

Mistura Pectoralis Stokes (Mist. Pect. Stokes), Stokes’ Expectorant, N.F.—Ammonium carbonate (1.75%), fluidextracts of senega and squill (each 3.5%), camphorated tincture of opium (17.5%), water and syrup of tolu. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Irrational expectorant mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus (Sp. Ammon. Arom.), Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, U.S.P.—Ammonium carbonate (3.4%), ammonia water (9%) and oils of lemon, lavender and myristica in alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 68 per cent.

Uses: Useful aromatic alkali and carminative in flatulence, colic, etc.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Ammonii Chloridum (Ammon. Chlor.), Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.—NH₄Cl.

A white, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.6) and soluble in alcohol (1:100).

Action and Uses: Liquefying expectorant; used in cough mixtures, and in the treatment of inflammation of the air-passages.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or lozenges.

Mistura Ammonii Chloridi (Mist. Ammon. Chlor.), Mixture of Ammonium Chloride, N.F. (Mistura Solvens Simplex).—Ammonium chloride (2.5%) and pure extract of glycyrrhiza in water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi (Troch. Ammon. Chlor.), Troches of Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.—Each troche contains ammonium chloride (0.1 Gm.) with extract of glycyrrhiza, tragacanth and sugar, flavored with syrup of tolu.

Ammonii Citras, Ammonium Citrate.

Liquor Ammonii Citratis (Liq. Ammon. Cit.), Solution of Ammonium Citrate, N.F.—Ammonium citrate (14.47%) in water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ammonii Hypophosphis (Ammon. Hypophos.), Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F.—NH₄H₂PO₂.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless, with a saline, bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol (1:20).

Action and Uses: Similar to but without material advantage over ammonium chloride.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Ammonii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ammon. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ammonium hypophosphite (3.5%) and diluted hypophosphorous acid, flavored with compound spirit of vanillin, in water, glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ammonii Iodidum (Ammon. Iod.), Ammonium Iodide, U.S.P.—NH₄I.

White, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.6), in alcohol (1:3.7) and in glycerin (1:1.5).

Action and Uses: Those of the iodides. More irritant and less stable than sodium or potassium iodide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Linimentum Ammonii Iodidi (Lin. Ammon. Iod.), Liniment of Ammonium Iodide, N.F.—Ammonium iodide (about 0.5%) with oil of rosemary, oil of lavender, camphor, ammonia water and alcohol.

Uses: Irrational preparation.

Ammonii Phosphas (Ammon. Phos.), Ammonium Phosphate, N.F.—A mixture of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ and NH₄H₂PO₄.

Colorless crystals or white powder. Freely soluble in water (1:4), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over sodium phosphate.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Ammonii Salicylas (Ammon. Salicyl.), Ammonium Salicylate, U.S.P.

White, odorless crystals or powder with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3). Incompatible with acids and fixed alkalies.

Action and Uses: Those of salicylates; without advantage over sodium salicylate.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Ammonii Valeras (Ammon. Valer.), Ammonium Valerate, U.S.P. (Ammonium Valerianate).—Of variable composition.

White plates, with a valerian odor and a sharp, sweetish taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and in alcohol (1:0.6).

Action and Uses: Sedative in hysteria, depending on the valeric odor. Not very effective.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Ammonii Valeratis (Elix. Ammon. Valer.), Elixir of Ammonium Valerate, N.F. (Elixir Ammonii Valerianatis, N.F. III).—Ammonium valerate (3.5%) in red elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. The alcohol content should be borne in mind.

Amygdala Dulcis (Amygd. Dulc.), Sweet Almond, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Demulcent, especially as cosmetic.

Emulsum Amygdalae (Emuls. Amygd.), Emulsion of Almond, U.S.P. (Milk of Almond).—Sweet almond, acacia, sugar and water.

*Amylis Nitris (Amyl. Nitris), Amyl Nitrite, U.S.P.—Not less than 80 per cent. C₅H₁₁NO₂ (chiefly iso-amyl nitrite).

A yellowish liquid, with a fruity odor and a pungent, aromatic taste. Very volatile; almost insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Prompt vasodilator, used especially in spasms of angina pectoris, asthma and general convulsions.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), by inhalation.

*Amylum (Amyl.), Starch, U.S.P. (Corn Starch).

Action and Uses: Dusting powder and diluent.

Glyceritum Amyli (Glycer. Amyl.), Glycerite of Starch, U.S.P.—Starch (10%) and water (10%) in glycerin.

Uses: Emollient and excipient.

Anethol (Anethol), Anethol, N.F.—The chief constituent of oil of anise and oil of fennel.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a sweet taste and an odor of anise; solid below 20 C. Almost insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Carminative, etc. Similar to but without advantage over oil of anise.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Elixir Anisi (Elix. Anis.), Elixir of Anise, N.F.—Anethol, oil of fennel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: Carminative and flavor.

Dosage: For infants, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Angelicae Fructus (Angel. Fruct.), Angelica Fruit, N.F. (Angelica Seed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic stomachic and carminative; without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Angelicae Radix (Angel. Rad.), Angelica Root, N.F.

Action and Uses: Stimulating expectorant; without advantage over tolu.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Angelicae Radicis (Fldext. Angel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Angelica Root, N.F.—Angelica root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Anisum (Anis.), Anise, U.S.P. (Aniseed).

Action and Uses: Carminative. (See Oleum Anisi).

*Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Antim. et Pot. Tart.), Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, U.S.P. (Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate, Tartrated Antimony, Tartar Emetic).

A white, odorless powder with a sweet, metallic taste. Soluble in water (1:12) and in glycerin (1:15); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Nauseant expectorant and emetic. Emetic doses and the prolonged use of expectorant doses are somewhat dangerous. Externally, a pustulant.

Dosage: Expectorant, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), in solution. It is best to begin with small doses (0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain) which may be repeated hourly, care being taken to avoid too great depression.

Vinum Antimonii (Vin. Antimon.), Wine of Antimony, N.F.—Antimony and potassium tartrate (0.4%), in water and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Antimonii Oxidum (Antim. Oxid.), Antimony Oxide, N.F.—Antimonous oxide, Sb₂O₃.

A white or grayish-white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Obsolete nauseant, emetic and cathartic. Action uncertain and possibly toxic.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

Pulvis Antimonialis (Pulv. Antimon.), Antimonial Powder, N.F. (James’ Powder).—Antimonous oxide (33%) and precipitated calcium phosphate.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Antimonium Sulphuratum (Antim. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Antimony, N.F. (Antimonium Oxysulphuratum, Kermes Mineral).—Chiefly antimony trisulphide, Sb₂S₃.

A red-brown, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Mineral cathartic, without advantage over calomel. Has no special action on the bile, as was formerly supposed.

Pilulae Antimonii Compositae (Pil. Antimon. Co.), Compound Pills of Antimony, N.F. (Plummer’s Pills).—Each pill contains sulphurated antimony and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain), guaiac (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), and castor oil.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P. (Phenazone, Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to acetanilid.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution, given with even greater caution than acetanilid and acetphenetidin.

Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F. (Celery Seed).

Action and Uses: Domestic emmenagogue, depending for its action on the volatile oil.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F.—Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F. (Canadian Hemp).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group; unreliable as to rate of absorption.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F. (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).—Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).

*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Apomorphine Chloride).

White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air, odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50) and in alcohol (1:50).

Action and Uses: Prompt, centrally acting emetic, especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely used as nauseant expectorant.

Dosage: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.). Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis. From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth (hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals until effective, but it should be remembered that in some cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing vomiting.

*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.—H₂O.

Action and Uses: Solvent. The ingestion of large amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.

*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Water obtained by distillation.

Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.

AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.—The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.

Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F. (American Spikenard, Spignet).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and “alterative.” Probably without value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F.—Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.—AgNO₃.

Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic matter.

Action and Uses: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic and germicide; internally as an astringent.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled water should be used in making the solutions.

*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P. (Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).—AgNO₃ toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.

White, hard pencils or cones.

Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.—Ag₂O.

A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste. Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably inefficient.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P. (Arnica Flowers).

Action and Uses: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient of the tincture is probably its alcohol.

Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F.—Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P.—Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P. (Arsenic Iodide).—AsI₃.

An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.), Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P. (Donovan’s Solution).—Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P. (Arsenous Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).—As₂O₃.

Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder. Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.

Action and Uses: Believed to modify nutrition. Used as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic, but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use. Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.

Dosage: 0.002 Gm. or 1/30 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.

*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid, U.S.P. (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, “Solution of Arsenic Chloride”).—Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and water.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P. (Gum Asafetida).—A gum resin.

Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a carminative and also in the treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P. (Milk of Asafetida).—Asafetida (4%) in water.

Uses: Used especially as enema in tympanites.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Each pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Asarum (Asar.) Asarum, N.F. (Canada Snake-Root. Wild Ginger).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Carminative and flavor; similar to but without advantage over ginger.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum, N.F.—Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal and potassium carbonate in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F. (Pleurisy Root).

Action and Uses: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy, also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of Asclepias, N.F.—Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P. (Male Fern).—The rhizome of certain ferns.

Action and Uses: Used as a teniacide in the form of oleoresin.

*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P. (Oleoresin of Male Fern).

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.), which may be given singly or in repeated, divided doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four hours. The drug should be given early in the morning, preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:—Castor oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption of the active principle.

Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Quebracho).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended in dyspneic conditions. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Quebracho).—Aspidosperma (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.

A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

Action and Uses: Atropine and the related alkaloids paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions, as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart, regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F.—Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:5).

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally as a flavoring.

Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Bitter orange peel (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Vinum Aurantii Compositum (Vin. Aurant. Co.), Compound Wine of Orange, N.F. (Elixir Aurantiorum Compositum, Compound Elixir of Orange).—Bitter orange peel, absinthium, menyanthes, cascarilla, Saigon cinnamon and gentian, extracted with potassium carbonate in sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Uses: Objectionable alcoholic “bitter.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Aurant Dulc. Cort.), Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Syrupus Aurantii (Syr. Aurant.), Syrup of Orange, U.S.P.—Tincture of sweet orange peel in syrup.

Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis (Tr. Aurant. Dulc.), Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Sweet orange peel from fresh fruit (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Aurantii Flores, Bitter Orange Flowers.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Aqua Aurantii Florum (Aq. Aurant. Flor.), Orange Flower Water, U.S.P.—Stronger orange flower water in water.

Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior (Aq. Aurant. Flor. Fort.), Stronger Orange Flower Water, U.S.P.—Prepared by distillation of bitter orange flowers with water. Must be free from mucilaginous growths.

Syrupus Aurantii Florum (Syr. Aurant. Flor.), Syrup of Orange Flowers, U.S.P.—Sugar in orange flower water.

Auri et Sodii Chloridum (Aur. et Sod. Chlor.), Gold and Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.—Equal parts of AuCl₃ and NaCl.

An orange-yellow, odorless, deliquescent powder with a saline, metallic taste. Very soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Preparations of gold have been employed in medicine for the most varied conditions without any real evidence of usefulness.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

*Balsamum Peruvianum (Bals. Peruv.), Balsam of Peru, U.S.P. (Peru Balsam).

Dark brown, viscid liquid, with a vanilla-like odor and a bitter, acrid taste. Soluble in alcohol or chloroform; only partially soluble in ether or petroleum benzin; practically insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Externally in the form of ointments or alcoholic solutions as a stimulant to indolent wounds and ulcers and in the treatment of scabies.

*Balsamum Tolutanum (Bals. Tolu.), Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P. (Tolu Balsam).

Yellowish-brown or brown, plastic solid, becoming brittle when old, dried or exposed to cold, and having a vanilla-like odor and a mild, aromatic taste. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as an expectorant; used chiefly in the form of the syrup, which is little more than a pleasantly flavored vehicle.

*Syrupus Tolutanus (Syr. Tolu.), Syrup of Tolu, U.S.P.—Tincture of tolu (5%) in syrup.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Tolutana (Tr. Tolu.), Tincture of Tolu, U.S.P.—Balsam of tolu (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Baptisia (Baptis.), Baptisia, N.F. (Wild Indigo Root).

Action and Uses: Without any definite known action; formerly used in typhoid fever and diseases showing similar symptoms.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Baptisiae (Fldext. Baptis.), Fluidextract of Baptisia, N.F.—Baptisia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Belladonnae Folia (Bellad. Fol.), Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P. (Deadly Nightshade Leaves, Belladonnae Folium, P.I.).—Yield not less than 0.3 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster, U.S.P.—Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic and similar pains.

*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P.—One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of belladonna leaves.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P. (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)—Belladonna leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).

*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment, U.S.P.—Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P. (Deadly Nightshade Root).—Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

Dosage: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract of Belladonna Root, U.S.P.—Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: A mildly analgesic and rubefacient application.

Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.—Produced synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin, U.S.P. (Petroleum Ether).

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.

Action and Uses: Pharmaceutic solvent.

*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P. (Gum Benjamin).—A balsamic resin.

Action and Uses: Used locally to promote healing, and in inhalations as an expectorant.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P.—Benzoin (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P.—Benzoin (10%), aloes (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu (4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Uses: Protective and local stimulant, especially by inhalation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P. (Saccharin, Glusidum).

A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble (1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.

Action and Uses: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus; about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.

Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F. (Oregon Grape Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Probably similar to, but without advantage over, hydrastis.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of Berberis, N.F.—Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as Benzamine Hydrochloride).

A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol (1:35).

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic.

Dosage: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5 to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.

*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P. (Naphthol).

Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.

Dosage: Internally, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). Externally as a 3 to 5 per cent. ointment.

Pasta Betanaphtholis (Past. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Naphthol Paste).—Betanaphthol (10%) and precipitated sulphur (50%) in petrolatum and soft soap.

Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis (Petrox. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Petroxolin, N.F. (Betanaphthol Petrox).—Betanaphthol (10%) in liquid petroxolin.

Bismuthi Betanaphtholas (Bism. Betanaph.), Bismuth Betanaphthol, U.S.P. (Bismuth Betanaphtholate; also sold as Orphol).—Of somewhat varying composition.

A buff-colored or grayish-brown, nearly odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as an intestinal antiseptic, being decomposed into its constituents in the intestine, where it exerts the effects of bismuth salts and of betanaphthol.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P. (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).

Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder, with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Somewhat astringent and irritating; should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts of bismuth. Its use in “bismuth elixirs” is irrational.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.

Uses: An irrational method of administering bismuth.

Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F.—Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron and Bismuth).—Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F.—A solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.

Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F.—Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.

Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P. (Milk of Bismuth).—A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.

Uses: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate, U.S.P.—Of varying chemical composition.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used like other insoluble salts of bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds, diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or cachets or in suspension (best form).

*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P. (Dermatol).—A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.—Basic bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.

A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures, incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of nitric acid.

Action and Uses: Somewhat more astringent than the subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered as a powder or as cachets.

Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate, U.S.P.—Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.

A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Protective and astringent like other insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked advantage.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F. (Boldo Leaves).

Action and Uses: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic. No well defined indications for its use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo, N.F.—Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F. (Kousso, Cusso).—Flowers.

Action and Uses: Teniacide; without advantage over aspidium or pelletierine.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F.—Brayera (6%) in water.

Dosage: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.—CHBr₃.

A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as a sedative in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to its value.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.

Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.—Br.

Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Violent irritant; seldom used in medicine.

Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F., (Smith’s Solution of Bromine).—Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.

Uses: Antiseptic and irritant.

Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F. (Bryony).—Root.

Action and Uses: Drastic resinous cathartic; without advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia, etc.; of doubtful value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F.—Bryonia (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P. (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).

Action and Uses: At one time largely used as antiseptic and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F.—Fluidextract of buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu, N.F.—Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%) and elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu, U.S.P.—Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F.—Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi (each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Uses: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F. (Prepared Cacao, Soluble Cocoa).

Action and Uses: Beverage and flavor.

Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F. (Night Blooming Cereus).—Fresh stems.

Action and Uses: Used in neurotic heart disturbances; results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.

Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.—Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P. (Theine).—An alkaloid obtained from coffee or tea.

White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).

Action and Uses: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache. Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.

Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P.—Caffeine and citric acid equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or capsules.

Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P.—Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium tartrate and citrate.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.

*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate, U.S.P.—Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly soluble in chloroform.

Action and Uses: The form of caffeine usually employed for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.

Dosage: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.—Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium salicylate.

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F. (Lapis Calaminaris).—Native zinc carbonate.

A pink powder. Insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Protective, similar to zinc oxide, over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic advantage of being slightly pink.

Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F. (Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner’s Cerate).—Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.

Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.—Hydrated calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr₂).

A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible with alkali carbonates and phosphates.

Action and Uses: Similar to but more irritant than sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage, although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder or cachets.

Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide, N.F.—Calcium bromide (8.5%), diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P. (Precipitated Chalk).—CaCO₃.

A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution of carbon dioxide.

Action and Uses: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas, etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been used as an application to burns as an antacid and protective.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in suspension.

*Calcii Chloridum (Calc. Chlor.), Calcium Chloride, U.S.P.—Hydrated calcium chloride (not less than 75 per cent. of CaCl₂).

White, hard, deliquescent, odorless masses or granules, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.62), and freely soluble in alcohol (1:10).

Action and Uses: Used for the oral administration of calcium. Employed in hemorrhagic conditions, in which it is probably useless. Has also been advised in inflammatory conditions of the skin and mucous membranes (urticaria, serum-rashes, hay-fever, etc.).

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Calcii Glycerophosphas (Calc. Glycerophos.), Calcium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P. (Calcium Glycerinophosphate).—CaC₃H₇O₆P.

White, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Soluble in water (1:50) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Formerly believed to be a tonic, and used especially in neurasthenia, to improve the nutrition of the nervous system. There is no reliable evidence that it has any value.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Elixir Calcii et Sodii Glycerophosphatum (Elix. Calc. et Sod. Glycerophos.), Elixir of Calcium and Sodium Glycerophosphates, N.F. (Elixir Glycerophosphatum N.F. III).—Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (2.5%), calcium glycerophosphate (0.875%), phosphoric acid (0.8%), in glycerin, aromatic elixir and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Uses: An irrational and inefficient “tonic” mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Hypophosphis (Calc. Hypophos.), Calcium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—Ca(PH₂O₂)₂.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a nauseous, bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:6.5) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: The hypophosphites were introduced as of special value in tuberculosis; later they were used as general reconstructive tonics, but there is no experimental or reliable clinical evidence that the hypophosphite radical has any value as such. Calcium hypophosphite must be regarded merely as a means of administering calcium.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in syrups.

Elixir Calcii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Calc. Hypophos.), Elixir of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum (Elix. Hypophos.), Elixir of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (5.25%), sodium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 1.75%) in water, glycerin, compound spirit of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri.—See under Ferri Hypophosphis.

Liquor Hypophosphitum (Liq. Hypophos.), Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), sodium hypophosphite (2%) and potassium hypophosphite (1.75%) in water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Hypophosphitum Compositus (Liq. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 0.85%), sodium hypophosphite (0.22%), ferric hypophosphite (0.44%) and manganese hypophosphite (0.22%), quinine hypophosphite (0.22%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.007%) and potassium citrate in orange flower water, glycerin and water.

Uses: Complex and irrational mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii et Sodii Hypophosphitum (Syr. Calc. et Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium and Sodium Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 3.5%), in sugar and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Calc. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in sugar and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Hypophosphites, U.S.P.—Calcium hypophosphite (4.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.5%) in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus (Syr. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), ferric hypophosphite and manganese hypophosphite (each 0.225%), quinine (0.11%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.0123%) and sodium citrate (0.375%) in glycerin and syrup.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Calcii Iodidum, Calcium Iodide.

Syrupus Calcii Iodidi (Syr. Calc. Iodid.), Syrup of Calcium Iodide, N.F.—Represents calcium iodide (8.75%) in syrup.

Uses: Superfluous, whether regarded as a calcium preparation or as an iodide preparation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

*Calcii Lactas (Calc. Lact.), Calcium Lactate, U.S.P.—Ca(C₃H₅O₃)₂ + 5H₂O.

White, odorless, practically tasteless masses or powder. Soluble in water (1:20) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used for the characteristic action of calcium; less irritating and therefore better adapted to hypodermic administration than calcium chloride (which see).

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Calcii Lactophosphas (Calc. Lactophos.), Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—A mixture of calcium lactate and calcium acid lactate with calcium acid phosphate.

White, odorless powder. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over the lactate. Not adapted to hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—Calcium lactophosphate (3%) in compound spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent. Small and probably inefficient quantities of calcium.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Cinchon., Ferr. et Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Iron and Lactophosphate of Lime).—Syrup of calcium lactophosphate (50%), potassium citrate (3%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: An irrational mixture, supposed to present seven active ingredients.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Lactophos.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate, U.S.P.—Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (2.5%) in lactic acid (6%), phosphoric acid (3.6%) and a syrup containing orange flower water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis et Ferri (Syr. Calc. Lactophos. et Ferr.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate and Iron, N.F.—Ferrous lactate and potassium citrate (each 0.85%) and syrup of calcium lactophosphate (about 99%).

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus (Calc. Phos. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, N.F.—Ca₃(PO₄)₂.

A bulky, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Practically insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Precipitated calcium phosphate has been given in the form of powders or mixtures for its action as a calcium salt, which is similar to but without advantage over the action of the carbonate. Because of its insolubility it is now seldom used.

Uses: Similar to but without advantage over the carbonate.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Hydrochlorophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Hydrochlorophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hydrochlorophosphate, N.F. (Syrupus Calcii Chlorhydrophosphatis, N.F. III).—Precipitated calcium phosphate (1.75%) flavored with tincture of lemon peel and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, water and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Sulphidum Crudum (Calc. Sulphid. Crud.), Crude Calcium Sulphide, U.S.P. (Calx Sulphurata, U.S.P. VIII, Sulphurated Lime).—CaS (not less than 55%).

A pale gray or yellowish powder, with a faint hydrogen sulphide odor and a nauseous, alkaline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Externally, depilatory similar to barium sulphide. Internally has been used to arrest and prevent suppuration especially in boils, carbuncles and pustular acne. There is no reliable evidence of its therapeutic usefulness.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), in solution.

Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae (Liq. Calc. Sulphurat.), Solution of Sulphurated Lime, N.F. (Solution of Oxysulphuret of Calcium, Fleming’s Solution, Vleminckx’ Solution, Vleminckx’ Lotion).—A solution of calcium polysulphides and calcium thiosulphate produced by boiling together lime, sulphur and water.

Uses: Depilatory.

Calendula (Calend.), Calendula, N.F. (Marigold, Calendula Flowers).

Action and Uses: Locally, mild irritant, without material advantage over diluted alcohol. Internally, no definite indications for its use.

Fluidextractum Calendulae (Fldext. Calend.), Fluidextract of Calendula, N.F.—Calendula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Tinctura Calendulae (Tr. Calend.), Tincture of Calendula, N.F.—Calendula (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Calumba (Calumb.), Calumba, U.S.P. (Columba, Columbo, Colombo).—A root.

Action and Uses: Used as a simple bitter and stomachic. It appears to have no advantage over other bitters, for instance, gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.); usually given in the form of the tincture.

Fluidextractum Calumbae (Fldext. Calumb.), Fluidextract of Calumba, N.F.—Calumba (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Calumbae (Tr. Calumb.), Tincture of Calumba, U.S.P.—Calumba (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Calx (Calx), Calcium Oxide, U.S.P. (Lime, Quicklime).—CaO.

Hard, white, odorless masses with a caustic taste, forming with water calcium hydroxide, which is slightly soluble in water (1:84), insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: As liquor calcis (an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide), used as an antacid and mild alkali. As milk of lime (a mixture of calcium hydroxide and water), frequently used as a disinfectant.

*Linimentum Calcis (Lin. Calc.), Lime Liniment, U.S.P. (Carron Oil).—Lime water (50%) and linseed oil.

Uses: Topical application, used especially for burns.

*Liquor Calcis (Liq. Calc.), Solution of Calcium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Lime Water).—Ca(OH)₂ (not less than 0.14%).

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms.

*Calx Chlorinata (Calx Chlorin.), Chlorinated Lime, U.S.P. (“Chloride of Lime”).—A compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite containing not less than 30 per cent. of available chlorine.

A white or grayish-white powder having a chlorine-like odor and a repulsive saline taste. Partially soluble in water or alcohol. Decomposed by acids with liberation of chlorine.

Action and Uses: Disinfectant, especially for excreta. Should be used liberally and left in contact for at least one hour. Widely used for treating contaminated drinking water.

Cambogia (Cambog.), Gamboge, U.S.P. (Pipe Gamboge).—A gum resin.

Odorless, grayish-orange-brown pieces or bright yellow powder, with a very acrid taste. Not less than 65 per cent. soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: A powerful irritant hydragogue cathartic; not often employed alone. Usually administered in combination with other drugs.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

*Camphora (Camph.), Camphor, U.S.P.—A volatile solid obtained from the camphor tree.

Tough, white, translucent masses with a pungent odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Used hypodermically to stimulate the circulation and respiration in collapse. Opinions are divided as to its efficiency. Locally, applied as a mild irritant and antiseptic.

Dosage: By mouth 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.). Hypodermic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), as 10 per cent. solution in oil.

*Aqua Camphorae (Aq. Camph.), Camphor Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of camphor in water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Ceratum Camphorae (Cerat. Camph.), Camphor Cerate, N.F.—Camphor (2%), with cottonseed oil, white wax, white petrolatum and benzoinated lard.

Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum (Emp. Fusc. Camph.), Camphorated Brown Plaster, N.F. (Camphorated Motherplaster).—Camphor (1%), red oxide of lead, olive oil and yellow wax.

*Linimentum Camphorae (Lin. Camph.), Camphor Liniment, U.S.P. (Camphorated Oil).—Camphor (20%) in cottonseed oil.

Uses: Mild counterirritant. Note: This preparation, as found in drug stores, should never be used hypodermically.

Mistura Camphora Acida.—See under Opium.

Mistura Camphorae Aromatica.—See under Oleum Lavandulae.

*Spiritus Camphorae (Sp. Camph.), Spirit of Camphor, U.S.P.—Camphor (10%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Unguentum Camphorae (Ung. Camph.), Camphor Ointment, N.F.—Camphor (22%) in white wax and lard.

Unguentum Fuscum (Ung. Fusc.), Brown Ointment, N.F. (Unguentum Matris, Mother’s Salve).—Camphorated brown plaster (50%) olive oil and prepared suet.

Camphora Monobromata (Camph. Monobrom.), Monobromated Camphor, U.S.P.

Colorless crystals or white powder, with a mild camphoraceous odor and taste. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5); almost insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Formerly recommended as a sedative and hypnotic but now seldom used. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Canella (Canell.), Canella, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Obsolete aromatic bitter, without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Cannabis (Cannab.), Cannabis, U.S.P. (Cannabis Indica, U.S.P. VIII).—Flowering tops of Cannabis sativa (or var. indica).

Action and Uses: A narcotic poison, producing a mild delirium. Used in sedative mixtures, but of doubtful value. Also employed to color corn remedies.

Extractum Cannabis (Ext. Cannab.), Extract of Cannabis, U.S.P.—Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Fluidextractum Cannabis (Fldext. Cannab.), Fluidextract of Cannabis, U.S.P.—Cannabis (100%). Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Tinctura Cannabis (Tr. Cannab.), Tincture of Cannabis, U.S.P. (Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, U.S.P. VIII).—Cannabis (10%) in alcohol. Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). Those physicians who prescribe tincture of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

*Cantharis (Canthar.), Cantharides, U.S.P. (Spanish Flies, Russian Flies).—A beetle.

Action and Uses: Externally, rubefacient and vesicant. Internally, genito-urinary irritant, often producing serious nephritis. Its internal use is probably never justified.

*Ceratum Cantharidis (Cerat. Canthar.), Cantharides Cerate, U.S.P. (Blistering Cerate).—Cantharides (35%) with turpentine, glacial acetic acid, yellow wax, rosin and benzoinated lard.

Collodium Cantharidatum (Collod. Canth.), Cantharidal Collodion, U.S.P. (Blistering Collodion, Vesicating Collodion).—The glacial acetic acid acetone extract from cantharides (60%) in flexible collodion.

Emplastrum Cantharidis (Emp. Canthar.), Cantharides Plaster, U.S.P.—Cantharides cerate spread on rosin plaster. Each square centimeter of spread plaster contains 0.1 Gm. of cantharides cerate.

Uses: Convenient form for applying cantharides as a vesicant. Requires from six to eight hours to produce a blister. May produce poisoning by absorption through the skin.

*Tinctura Cantharidis (Tr. Canthar.), Tincture of Cantharides, U.S.P. (Cantharidis Tinctura P.I.).—Cantharides (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

*Capsicum (Capsic.), Capsicum, U.S.P. (Cayenne Pepper, African Chillies).—Fruit.

Action and Uses: Carminative and rubefacient; also stomachic, especially in alcoholic gastritis (as the tincture).

Emplastrum Capsici (Emp. Capsic.), Capsicum Plaster, U.S.P.—Oleoresin of capsicum spread on rubber plaster. Each 15 square cm. of spread plaster contains 0.25 Gm. of oleoresin of capsicum.

Oleoresina Capsici (Oleores. Capsic.), Oleoresin of Capsicum, U.S.P.—Highly irritant.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Capsici (Tr. Capsic.), Tincture of Capsicum, U.S.P.—Capsicum (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 88 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Capsici et Myrrhae (Tr. Capsic. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Capsicum and Myrrh, N.F. (Hot Drops, Thomsonian Number Six).—Capsicum (3%) and myrrh (12%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Caramel (Caram.), Caramel, N.F. (Saccharum Ustum, Burnt Sugar Coloring).

A dark brown, syrupy, somewhat bitter liquid. Soluble in water and in diluted alcohol; insoluble in 80 per cent. alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy as a brown coloring agent.

Tinctura Caramellis, Tincture of Caramel, N.F.—Caramel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

*Carbo Ligni (Carbo Lig.), Wood Charcoal, U.S.P. (Charcoal).—Powdered wood charcoal.

Action and Uses: Absorbent of gases and dissolved substances. Used internally against digestive disorders and vegetable poisons but of doubtful value. Locally employed as a deodorant, for fetid ulcers, usually in the form of a poultice.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, in powder or suspension.

Trochisci Carbonis Ligni (Troch. Carb. Lig.), Troches of Charcoal, N.F.—Charcoal with tragacanth, sugar and vanillin.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Cardamomi Semen (Cardam. Sem.), Cardamom Seed, U.S.P. (Cardamomum, U.S.P. VIII).

Action and Uses: Used as flavor and carminative. Frequently added to purgatives, as in the compound extract of colocynth, with the object of diminishing griping.

*Tinctura Cardamomi (Tr. Cardam.), Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P.—Cardamom seed (15%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Cardamomi Composita (Tr. Cardamom. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P.—Cardamom seed, Saigon cinnamon, caraway and cochineal in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Carminum (Carmin.), Carmine, N.F.—From cochineal.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy as a red coloring agent.

Liquor Carmini (Liq. Carmin.), Solution of Carmine, N.F.—Carmine in ammonia water, glycerin and water.

Caro, Beef.

Extractum Carnis (Ext. Carnis), Extract of Beef, N.F. (Beef Extract).—Residue from evaporation of beef broth.

Action and Uses: Stimulant and flavor; not a nutrient tonic, as was believed at one time. The “wines” are without real value and can easily be misused as beverages.

Vinum Carnis (Vin. Carn.), Wine of Beef, N.F. (Beef and Wine).—Extract of beef (3%) in water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Vinum Carnis et Ferri (Vin. Carn. et Ferr.), Wine of Beef and Iron, N.F. (Beef, Wine and Iron).—Extract of beef (3%), iron and ammonium citrate, water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Carum (Carum), Caraway, U.S.P. (Carawayseed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative. Similar to anise and fennel.

*Caryophyllus (Caryoph.), Clove, U.S.P. (Cloves).

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and counterirritant.

Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens (Pulv. Arom. Rubefac.), Rubefacient Spice Powder, N.F. (Replacing Emplastrum Aromaticum, N.F. III).—Clove, Saigon cinnamon, ginger and capsicum.

*Cascara Sagrada (Case. Sagr.), Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Rhamnus Purshiana, U.S.P. VIII).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Laxative, acting mainly on the colon. Widely used for habitual constipation. Has little tendency to produce secondary constipation.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cascarae Sagradae (Elix. Cascar. Sagr.), Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F. (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae, N.F. III).—Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (50%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).