The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED.

VOL. II.

LONDON

AND ITS

ENVIRONS

DESCRIBED.

CONTAINING

An Account of whatever is most remarkable for Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use,

In the City and in the Country

Twenty Miles round it.

COMPREHENDING ALSO

Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities

of this great Metropolis.

Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of Views in Perspective, engraved from original Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work.

Together with a Plan of LONDON,

A Map of the Environs, and several other

useful Cuts.

VOL. II.

LONDON:

Printed for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall Mall.

M DCC LXI.

LONDON

AND ITS

ENVIRONS

DESCRIBED, &c.

B R E

BREAD street ward, so called from Bread street in Cheapside, which was formerly a bread market, is encompassed on the north and north west by Faringdon ward; on the west by Castle Baynard ward; on the south by Queenhithe ward; and on the east by Cordwainers ward.

The principal streets in this ward are, Watling street, Bread street, Friday street, Distaff lane, Basing lane, with the east side of the Old Change, from the corner of St. Austin’s church to Old Fish street, and the north side of Old Fish street, and Trinity lane, with that part of the south side of Cheapside, between Friday street and Bow church.

The most remarkable places are, the parish churches of Allhallows Bread street, and St. Mildred’s; with Cordwainers hall.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, and twelve other Common Council men, thirteen wardmote inquest men, eight scavengers, sixteen constables, and a beadle. The jury returned by the inquest for the ward, are to serve in the several courts at Guildhall in the month of April.

Breakneck alley, in the Minories.║

Breakneck court, Blackhorse alley, Fleet street.║

Breeches yard, Townsend lane.

Breeze’s hill, Ratcliff highway.

Breme’s buildings, Chancery lane.†

Brentford, a town in Middlesex, situated ten miles from London, received its name from a brook called Brent, which runs through the west part of the town, called Old Brentford, into the Thames. As it is a great thoroughfare to the west, it has a considerable trade, particularly in corn, both by land and the Thames. The church and market-house stand in that part of the town called New Brentford. It has also two charity schools; tho’ the church is only a chapel to Great Eling.

That part of it called Old Brentford is situated upon a fine rising bank close to the Thames, and is naturally capable of being made as beautiful a spot as any thing of the kind. The opposite side of the river is Kew Green, which appears from hence to advantage.

Brentwood, or Burntwood, in Essex, is a pretty large town seventeen miles from London, and being a very great thoroughfare, is chiefly maintained by the multitude of carriers and passengers constantly passing through it to London, with provisions, manufactures, and droves of cattle; tho’ it is one of the four hamlets belonging to the parish of Southwold cum Brent.

Brewers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry VI. in the year 1438, which were confirmed by Edward IV. in 1480, with the privilege of making by-laws. They are governed by a Master, three Wardens, and twenty-eight Assistants, with 108 Liverymen, who upon their admission pay each the sum of 6l. 13s. 4d.

Brewer’s alley, Shoe lane.

Brewer’s court, 1. Basinghall street. 2. Bedfordbury. 3. Oxford street. 4. St. Thomas’s street.

Brewers Hall, a handsome and commodious building, almost adjoining to Plaisterers Hall in Addle street. It has a genteel entrance into a large court, paved with free stone, and is supported by handsome pillars.

Brewer’s green, Tothill side.†

Brewer’s key, Thames street, the next key to Tower hill.†

Brewer’s lane, 1. Dowgate Hill. 2. Shadwell market. 3. Wapping.

Brewer’s rents, Whitechapel.

Brewer’s street, 1. Bow street, St. Giles’s. 2. Old Soho.

Brewer’s yard, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Cow Cross. 3. Giltspur street. 4. Holiwell lane. 5. By Hungerford market. 6. King street, Westminster. 7. Saffron hill. 8. Shoe lane. 9. Windmill court, Pye corner.

Brewhouse lane, 1. Salisbury court, Fleet street. 2. Wapping.

Brewhouse yard, 1. Battle bridge. 2. Fox lane. 3. At the Hermitage. 4. Leather lane. 5. Saffron hill. 6. St. Catharine’s. 7. Turnmill street. 8. Wapping. 9. Whitechapel. 10. White’s ground, Crucifix lane.

Briant court, Briant street.†

Briant street, Shoreditch.†

Briant’s alley, Shoreditch.†

Brickbuildings court, Snow hill.

Brick court, 1. Brick lane, Old street. 2. College street, Westminster. 3. Middle Temple. 4. Sheer lane.

Brickhill lane, Thames street.

Brick lane, 1. Old street. 2. Spitalfields. 3. Whitechapel: this was formerly a deep dirty road, frequented chiefly by carts fetching bricks that way into Whitechapel, from brick kilns in Spitalfields.

Brick street, 1. Hyde Park road. 2. Tyburn lane.

Brick yard, Brick lane, Spitalfields.

Bricklayers yard, Millbank.

Bricklayers court, Coleman street, Lothbury.

Bride’s alley. Fleet street, so called from St. Bride’s, or St. Bridget’s church.

Bride court, by St. Bride’s church, Fleet street.

Bride lane, 1. By St. Bride’s church, Fleet street. 2. Little Peter street.

St. Bride’s, or rather St. Bridget’s church, is obscurely situated behind the houses on the south side of Fleet street. It has been always dedicated to St. Bridget, but the curious are unable to discover who this saint was. The old church was destroyed by the fire of London, and the present edifice was erected within fourteen years after. This church, which is superior to most of our parish churches in delicacy and true beauty, is 111 feet long, 87 broad, and the steeple is 234 feet high. It has a plain and regular body, the openings all answering one another; the roof is raised on pillars, and the altar piece, like the outside of the church, is very magnificent. The circular pediment over the lower part, is supported by six Corinthian columns. The steeple is a spire of extremely delicate workmanship, raised upon a solid yet light tower, and the several stages by which the spire gradually decreases, are well designed, and executed with all the advantage of the orders.

This church is a vicarage, the advowson of which is in the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The living is worth about 240l. per annum.

Among the several monumental inscriptions in this church, and the church yard, is the following:

Whoe’er thou art that look’st upon

And read’st what lies beneath this stone,

What beauty, goodness, innocence,

In a sad hour was snatch’d from hence;

What reason canst thou have to prize

The dearest object of thine eyes?

Believe this marble, what thou valu’st most,

And sett’st thy heart upon, is soonest lost.

Bridewell, so called from its being near a spring called St. Bridget’s, or St. Bride’s well, situated on the west side of Fleet Ditch, near the Thames, was anciently a royal palace, where several of our Kings resided. And here Henry VIII. built a magnificent house for the reception of the Emperor Charles V. who before lodged at Black Friars.

At length at the solicitation of Bishop Ridley, King Edward VI. gave the old palace of Bridewell to the city, for the lodging of poor wayfaring people, the correction of vagabonds, strumpets, and idle persons, and for finding them work; and as the city had appointed the Grey Friars, now called Christ’s Hospital, for the education of poor children; St. Bartholomew’s and also St. Thomas’s in Southwark for the maimed and diseased, his Majesty formed the Governors of these charitable foundations into a corporation; allowed them a proper authority for the exercise of their offices, and constituted himself the founder and patron. For this purpose he gave to the Lord Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens, and their successors for ever, several pieces of land to the yearly value of 450l. and at the same time suppressing the hospital of the Savoy, gave for the above charitable uses a great part of the revenue, together with the bedding and furniture.

In the following reigns granaries and storehouses for coals were erected at the expence of the city within this hospital, and the poor were employed in grinding corn with hand-mills; which were greatly improved in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when a citizen invented a mill, by which two men might grind as much corn in a day as could be ground by ten men with the other mills, and being to be worked either by the hands or feet, if the poor were lame in the arms, they earned their living with their feet, and if they were lame in their legs, they earned their living with their arms.

In the year 1666, this edifice was entirely consumed by fire, and likewise all the dwelling houses in the precinct of Bridewell, from whence had arisen two thirds of its revenue; the hospital however was rebuilt in 1668, in the manner in which it at present appears.

It consists of two courts, in which the buildings are convenient, and not very irregular. The chapel has a square roof, and galleries on the north and west side, supported by columns of the Tuscan order, and the floor is paved with black and white marble. At the west end are places for the hospital boys, and others for the prisoners. The wainscoting and finishing are very neat. The altar piece is adorned with two pilasters, with their entablature and a circular pediment of the Corinthian order, between which the commandments are done in gold upon a black ground, and the Lord’s prayer and the creed wrote on a blue ground; these pieces are enriched with gilt cherubims, leaves and fruit, and placed in gilt frames. The court room is adorned with columns of the Composite order, a gallery, and the names of all the benefactors to the hospital wrote in gold. There is here a chair for the President, and convenient seats for the Governors.

In this hospital are generally about a hundred youths, that are apprentices to glovers, flaxdressers, weavers, &c. who reside there. These youths are under particular regulations, and distinguish themselves at all dangerous fires, by the dexterity with which they work an excellent fire engine belonging to the hospital, and the expedition and regularity with which they supply it with water. They are cloathed in blue doublets and white hats; and having faithfully served their apprenticeship, are not only free of the city, but have 10l. towards enabling them to carry on their respective trades.

This hospital is likewise used as a house of correction for all strumpets, nightwalkers, pickpockets, vagrants, and incorrigible and disobedient servants, who are committed by the Lord Mayor, and Aldermen; as are also apprentices by the Chamberlain of the city, who are obliged to beat hemp, and if the nature of their offence requires it, to undergo the correction of whipping.

All the affairs of this hospital are managed by the Governors, who are above three hundred, besides the Lord Mayor and court of Aldermen, all of whom are likewise Governors of Bethlem hospital; for these hospitals being one corporation, they have the same President, Governors, Clerk, Physician, Surgeon, and Apothecary. This hospital has however its own steward, a porter, a matron, and four beadles, the youngest of whom has the task of correcting the criminals.

There are several other places also called by the name of Bridewell, as in Clerkenwell, St. Margaret’s hill, and Tothill fields; but as these are merely houses of correction, they do not deserve a particular description.

Bridewell alley, by the side of Bridewell on St. Margaret’s hill.

Bridewell precinct, Fleet ditch.

Bridewell rents, Vine street.

Bridewell walk, Clerkenwell.

Bridge. See Black Friars Bridge, London Bridge, and Westminster Bridge.

Bridge House, several large buildings, erected as storehouses for timber, stone, or whatever is proper for building or repairing London bridge. It seems to have had its foundation with the bridge itself, and is situated on a considerable spot of ground on the south bank of the Thames, near St. Olave’s church. It had formerly several granaries, for the service of the city in a time of scarcity; and also ten ovens for baking bread, for the relief of the poor citizens: but these granaries are now applied to the use of the cornfactors, who here lay in considerable quantities of corn. The Bridge house is under the management of the Bridge-master, whose office is to look after the reparation of the bridge, and is allowed a considerable salary.

Bridge street, Westminster, so called from its situation with respect to Westminster bridge.

Bridge Ward within, is thus named from London bridge, and is bounded on the south by Southwark, and the river Thames; on the east, by Billingsgate ward; on the north, by Langborne ward; and on the west, by Candlewick and Dowgate wards. It begins at the south end of London bridge, from which it extends northward up Gracechurch street, to the corner of Lombard street, including all the bridge, the greatest part of the alleys and courts on the east side, and on the west, all the alleys, courts and lanes in Thames street, on both sides to New key, part of Michael’s lane, and part of Crooked lane. The principal streets are New Fish street and Gracechurch street; and the principal buildings, London bridge, the parish churches of St. Magnus, and St. Bennet’s Gracechurch street; Fishmongers hall, and the Monument.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, and his Deputy, fourteen other Common Council men, sixteen wardmote inquest men, six scavengers, fifteen constables, and a beadle; and the jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of July.

Bridge Ward without, contains the whole borough of Southwark, extending southward from the bridge to Newington; to the south west almost to Lambeth; and to the east to Rotherhith. The principal streets are, the Borough, Blackman street, Long lane, Kent street, Tooley street, St. Olave’s street, and Bermondsey street; and the most remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Olave, St. Mary Magdalen Bermondsey, St. Saviour, St. George, and St. Thomas; the prisons of the King’s bench, the Marshalsea, the New prison, and the Clink; St. Thomas’s hospital, Guy’s hospital and the Lock.

This ward is only nominally governed by an Alderman and three Deputies, but has no Common Council men; it has, however, twenty wardmote inquest men, sixteen constables and a bailiff. Stow’s Survey.

Bridge yard, Tooley street.

Bridge yard passage, Tooley street.

Bridge’s rents, in Fair street, Horselydown.†

Bridge’s street, Russel street, Covent Garden.†

Bridgeman’s yard, Water lane, Black Friars.†

Bridgewater gardens, Bridgewater square, a street so called from its being built on the spot where was the Earl of Bridgewater’s gardens.

Bridgewater passage, Bridgewater square.

Bridgewater square, Barbican, a small neat square, surrounded with plain, but not unhandsome houses. In the area is a grass plat encompassed with iron rails, within which the trees are set thick in the manner of a grove. This square, and several of the adjoining streets, were built on the ground where the Earl of Bridgewater had a large house and garden fronting Barbican.

Bridgewater street, Bridgewater square.

Bridle lane, Brewer’s street.

Brigg’s alley, Thrall street, Spitalfields.†

Brigham’s yard, Chandois street.†

Brimstone court, Rosemary lane.

Brimstone yard, Rosemary lane.

Bristol street, Puddle dock.

Britain court, Water lane, Fleet street.

Brite’s alley, St. Swithin’s lane.†

British court, Tottenham Court road.

British Museum. Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. (who died 11th Jan. 1753) may not improperly be accounted the founder of the British Museum: for its being established by Parliament was only in consequence of his leaving by will his noble collection of natural history, his large library, and his numerous curiosities, which cost him 50000l. to the use of the Public, on condition that the Parliament would pay 20000l. to his Executors. And indeed this disposition of Sir Hans was extremely well calculated to answer his generous design; for had he given the whole to the Public, without any payment at all, it could have been of little use, without the assistance of Parliament, to settle a fund for the support of officers, &c.

Sir Hans appointed a number of Trustees, on whose application to Parliament an act was passed for the raising 300000l. by way of lottery; 200000l. thereof to be divided amongst the adventurers, 20000l. to be paid to Sir Hans Sloane’s executors, 10000l. to purchase Lord Oxford’s manuscripts, 30000l. to be vested in the funds for supplying salaries for officers, and other necessary expences, and the residue for providing a general repository, &c. In this act it is also ordered, that Sir Hans Sloane’s collection, the Cottonian library, the Harleian manuscripts, and a collection of books given by the late Major Edwards, should be placed together in the general repository, which was to be called the British Museum: 7000l. left by the said Major Edwards, after the decease of Elizabeth Mills, are also given to the British Museum, for the purchasing of manuscripts, books, medals, and other curiosities.

Entrance of the British Museum, from Russel Street.

S. Wale delin. Garden Front. J. Green sc. Oxon.

It happened very fortunately soon after, whilst the Trustees were at a loss where to purchase or build a proper repository, an offer was made them of Montague House in Great Russel street, Bloomsbury, a large and magnificent building, finely ornamented with paintings, situated in the most convenient part of the whole town, and having an extensive garden of near eight acres. This they purchased for the sum of 10000l. Repairs, alterations, book-cases, cabinets, and all other conveniences for placing the whole collection properly, and the making apartments for the officers, have cost 15000l. more. And every part is now so excellently contrived for holding this noble collection, and the disposition of it in the several rooms is so orderly and well designed, that the British Museum may justly be esteemed an honour and ornament to this nation. His Majesty, in consideration of its great usefulness, has also been graciously pleased to add thereto the royal libraries of books and manuscripts collected by the several Kings of England.

The Sloanian collection consists of an amazing number of curiosities, among which are,

A catalogue of all the above is written in 38 volumes in folio and 8 in quarto.

As this noble collection of curiosities, and these excellent libraries are now chiefly designed for the use of learned and studious men, both natives and foreigners, in their researches into the several parts of knowledge, the Trustees have thought fit to ordain the following statutes, with respect to the use of the Museum.

I. That the Museum be kept open every day in the week except Saturday and Sunday in each week; and likewise except Christmas day and one week after; one week after Easter day and Whitsunday respectively, Good Friday, and all days which shall hereafter be appointed for Thanksgivings and Fasts by publick Authority.

II. That at all other times the Museum be set open in the manner following: that is, from nine o’clock in the morning till three in the afternoon, from Monday to Friday, between the months of September and April inclusive; and also at the same hours on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, in May, June, July, and August; but on Monday and Friday, only from four o’clock to eight in the afternoon, during those four months.

III. That such studious and curious persons, who are desirous to see the Museum, be admitted by printed tickets, to be delivered by the porter upon their application in writing; which writing shall contain their names, condition, and places of abode; as also the day and hour at which they desire to be admitted: and that the said names be inserted in the tickets, and, together with their respective additions, entered in a register to be kept by the porter. And the porter is to lay such register every night before the principal Librarian; or, in his absence, before the under Librarian, who shall officiate as Secretary for the time being; or, in his absence, before one of the under Librarians; to the end that the principal or under Librarian may be informed, whether the persons so applying be proper to be admitted according to the regulations made, or to be made, by the Trustees for that purpose. And if he shall judge them proper, he shall direct the porter to deliver tickets to them, according to their request, on their applying a second time for the said tickets.

IV. That no more than ten tickets be delivered out for each hour of admittance, which tickets, when brought by the respective persons therein named, are to be shewn to the porter; who is thereupon to direct them to a proper room appointed for their reception, till their hour of seeing the Museum be come, at which time they are to deliver their tickets to the proper officer of the first department: and that five of the persons producing such tickets be attended by the under Librarian, and the other five by the assistant in each department.

V. That the said number of tickets be delivered for the admission of company at the hours of nine, ten, eleven, and twelve respectively in the morning; and for the hours of four and five in the afternoon of those days in which the Museum is to be open at that time: and that if application be made for a greater number of tickets, the persons last applying be desired to name some other day and hour, which will be most convenient to them.

VI. That if the number of persons producing tickets for any particular hour does not exceed five, they be desired to join in one company; which may be attended either by the under Librarian, or assistant, as shall be agreed on between them.

VII. That if any persons having obtained tickets, be prevented from making use of them, they be desired to send them back to the porter in time; that other persons wanting to see the Museum may not be excluded.

VIII. That the spectators may view the whole Museum in a regular order, they are first to be conducted through apartment of manuscripts and medals; then the department of natural and artificial productions; and afterwards the department of printed books, by the particular officers assigned to each department.

IX. That one hour only be allowed to the several companies, for gratifying their curiosity in viewing each apartment, and that each company keep together in that room, in which the officer, who attends them, shall then be.

X. That in passing through the rooms, if any of the inspectors desire to see any book, or other part of the collection, not herein after excepted, it be handed to them by the officer, who is to restore it to its place, before they leave the room; that no more than one such book, or other part of the collection, be delivered at a time; and that the officer be ready to give the company any information they shall desire, relating to that part of the collection under his care.

XI. That upon the expiration of each hour, notice be given of it; at which time the several companies shall remove out of the apartment, in which they then are, to make room for fresh companies.

XII. That if any of the persons who have tickets, come after the hour marked in the said tickets, but before the three hours allotted them are expired; they be permitted to join the company appointed for the same hour, in order to see the remaining part of the collection, if they desire it.

XIII. That a catalogue of the respective printed books, manuscripts, and other parts of the collection, distinguished by numbers, be deposited in some one room of each department, to which the same shall respectively belong, as soon as the same can be prepared.

XIV. That written numbers, answering to those in the catalogues, be affixed both to the books, and other parts of the collection, as far as can conveniently be done.

XV. That the coins and medals, except such as the standing Committee shall order, from time to time, to be placed in glass cases, be not exposed to view, but by leave of the Trustees, in a general meeting; or the standing Committee; or of the principal Librarian: that they be shewn between the hours of one and three in the afternoon by one of the officers, who have the custody of them: that no more than two persons be admitted into the room to see them at the same time, unless by particular leave of the principal Librarian; who in such case is required to attend together with the said officer, the whole time: and that but one thing be taken or continue out of the cabinets and drawers at a time, which is to be done by the officer, who shall replace it, before any person present goes out of the room.

XVI. That the Museum be constantly shut up at all other times, but those above mentioned.

XVII. That if any persons are desirous of visiting the Museum more than once, they may apply for tickets in the manner above mentioned, at any other times, and as often as they please: provided that no one person has tickets at the same time for more days than one.

XVIII. That no children be admitted into the Museum.

XIX. That no officer or servant shall take any fee or reward of any person whatsoever, for his attendance in the discharge of his duty, except in the cases hereafter mentioned, under the penalty of immediate dismission.

The manner of admitting persons who desire to make use of the Museum for study, or have occasion to consult it for information.

I. That no one be admitted to such use of the Museum for study, but by leave of the Trustees, in a general meeting, or the standing Committee; which leave is not to be granted for a longer term than half a year, without a fresh application.

II. That a book be kept in the reading room, under the custody of the officer of the said room; who is to enter therein the names of the several persons who have leave of admission, together with the respective dates of the orders of the Trustees for that purpose, and the duration of the same.

III. That a particular room be allotted for the persons so admitted, in which they may sit, and read or write, without interruption, during the time the Museum is kept open: that a proper officer do constantly attend in the said room, so long as any such person or persons shall be there: and for the greater ease and convenience of the said persons, as well as security of the collection, it is expected, that notice be given in writing the day before, by each person, to the said officer, what book or manuscript he will be desirous of perusing the following day; which book or manuscript on such request, will be lodged in some convenient place in the said room, and will from thence be delivered to him by the officer of the said room: excepting however some books or manuscripts of great value, or very liable to be damaged, and on that account judged by the Trustees not fit to be removed out of the library to which they belong; without particular leave obtained, of the Trustees, in a general meeting, or a standing Committee, for that purpose; a catalogue whereof will be kept by the officer of the reading room.

IV. That such persons be allowed to take one or more extracts from any printed book or manuscript; and that either of the officers of the department to which such printed book or manuscript belongs, be at liberty to do it for them, upon such terms, as shall be agreed on between them.

V. That the transcriber do not lay the paper, on which he writes, upon any part of the book, or manuscript, he is using.

VI. That no whole manuscript, nor the greater part of any, be transcribed, without leave from the Trustees, in a general meeting, or standing Committee.

VII. That every person so intrusted with the use of any book, or manuscript, return the same to the officer attending, before he leaves the room.

VIII. That if any person engaged in a work of learning, have occasion to make a drawing of any thing contained in the department of natural and artificial productions, or to examine it more carefully than can be done in the common way of viewing the Museum; he is to apply to the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee, for particular leave for that purpose: it not being thought proper, unless in particular cases, to have them removed from their places, and out of the sight of the officer who has the care of them.

IX. That whensoever, and as often as any person shall have occasion to consult or inspect any book, charter, deed, or other manuscript for evidence or information, other than for studying, which is herein before provided for; he is to apply for leave so to do, to the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee. But if the case should require such dispatch as that time cannot be allowed for making such application, the person is to apply for such leave to the principal Librarian; or, in case of his death or absence, such of the under Librarians as shall officiate as Secretary for the time being: which leave the principal Librarian, or the under Librarian officiating as Secretary for the time being, as aforesaid, is hereby impowered to grant. Provided always, that no such person shall be permitted to consult or inspect any such book, charter, deed, or other manuscript, except in the presence of the principal Librarian, or of one the principal officers of that department to which such book, deed, charter, or other manuscript shall belong.

X. That no part of the collection or collections belonging to this Museum, be at any time carried out of the general repository; except such books, charters, deeds, or other manuscripts as may be wanted to be made use of in evidence. And that when any such book, charter, deed, or other manuscript shall be wanted to be made use of in evidence, application shall be made in writing for that purpose, to the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee: and if the case should require such dispatch, as not to admit of an application to the Trustees in a general meeting, or the standing Committee, then to the principal Librarian; or in case of his death or absence, then to such of the under Librarians as shall officiate as Secretary for the time being: and thereupon by their or his direction, the same shall and may be carried out of the general repository, to be made use of as evidence as aforesaid, by the under Librarian or assistant of the department to which such book, charter, deed, or other manuscript shall belong. And in case the said under Librarian, or assistant of the said department be disabled, or cannot attend; then by such other of the under Librarians, or assistants, as shall be appointed by the Trustees, in a general meeting, or the standing Committee, or by the chief Librarian, or by such of the under Librarians as shall officiate as Secretary for the time being aforesaid. And the person who shall be appointed to carry out the same, shall attend the whole time, and bring it back with him again; for which extraordinary trouble and attendance it is expected that a proper satisfaction be made to him.

Altho’ it may be presumed, that persons who shall be admitted to see the Museum, will in general conform themselves to the rules and orders above mentioned; yet as it may happen, that these rules may not always be duly observed: the Trustees think it necessary, for the safety and preservation of the Museum, and do hereby order, That in case any persons shall behave in any improper manner, and contrary to the said rules, and shall continue such misbehaviour after having been admonished by one of the officers; such persons shall be obliged forthwith to withdraw from the Museum; and their names shall be entered in a book to be kept by the porter: who is hereby ordered not to deliver tickets to them for their admission for the future; without a special direction from the Trustees in a general meeting.

We shall now give a plan of the whole Museum, with the contents of each room, and the order in which they are shewn, &c.

Having giving in at the porter’s lodge mark’d g in the plan No. 1. your name, addition, and place of abode, you have notice given what day and hour to attend, and a ticket given you. By shewing this you are admitted, and entering the hall (i) you ascend a magnificent stair-case, nobly painted by La Fosse. The subject of the ceiling, Phaeton requesting Apollo to permit him to drive his chariot for a day. On the inside walls a landskip, by Rousseau: this brings you into the vestibule(I No. 2) the ceiling represents the fall of Phaeton; in this is a mummy and some other antiquities. The saloon D is a most magnificent room, the ceiling and side walls painted by the abovementioned painter La Fosse, the landskips by Rousseau, and the flowers by the celebrated Baptist.

You are then admitted into the room E, which contains the Cottonian and royal manuscripts, in about 750 volumes. F and G contain the Harleian manuscripts, in about 7620 volumes; and M the Harleian charters in number about 16000. O is the room of medals, which are upwards of 22000 in number. L has Sir Hans Sloane’s manuscripts, and K contains the antiquities.

This brings you again into the vestibule, and passing thro’ the saloon, you enter the room C, which contains minerals and fossils, B shells, A vegetables and insects, H animals in spirits, and N artificial curiosities.

You now descend the small stair-case adjoining, and passing thro’ the room (n), in which is the magnetic apparatus given by Dr. Knight, you come to the rooms (h a) which contain the royal libraries, collected by the Kings and Queens of England from Henry VII. to Charles II. Then you enter the rooms b c d e f and g, which contain the library of Sir Hans Sloane, consisting of not less than 40000 volumes. From hence you enter into (m), which is a withdrawing room for the Trustees, then into (l), which contains Major Edwards’s library, consisting of about 3000 volumes, and lastly enter the room (k), that contains a part of the King’s library, which in the whole consists of about 12000 volumes.

The wings marked (o o) are the apartments of the officers, and (p p) is the colonade.

No. 1.
First State Story.

No. 2.
Second State Story.
R. Benning sculp.

Briton’s alley, Freeman’s lane.†

Britt’s court, Nightingale lane.†

Broad Arrow court, Grub street, Cripplegate.*

Broad Bridge, Shadwell.

Broad Bridge lane, Upper Shadwell.

Broad court, 1 Drury lane. 2 Duke’s Place. 3 Shoemaker row, Aldgate. 4 Turnmill street.

Broad Place, 1 Flower and Dean street, Spitalfields. 2 King’s street. 3 Broad St. Giles’s.

Broad Sanctuary row, near the Abbey, Westminster: is thus called from its being formerly a sanctuary or place of refuge. It is now called by the vulgar the Century.

Broad Street, 1. extends from Pig street to London wall, and was thus named from there being few streets within the walls of such a breadth before the fire of London. 2. Near Old Gravel lane. 3. Poland street. 4. Ratcliff.

Broad Street buildings, a very handsome street regularly built, leading from Moorfields to Broad street.

Broad Street Ward, so called from Broad street lying in the center of it, is bounded on the north and east by Bishopsgate ward; on the west by Coleman street ward; and on the south by Cornhill ward. The principal streets in this ward are, Threadneedle street, Prince’s street almost as far as Catharine court, Lothbury from the church to Bartholomew lane, Throgmorton street, Broad street from St. Bennet Fink church to London wall, London wall street as far as a little to the eastward of Cross Keys court Augustine Friars, Winchester street, and Wormwood street as far as Helmet court. The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Christopher’s, St. Bartholomew, St. Bennet’s Fink, St. Martin’s Outwich, St. Peter’s le Poor, and Allhallows in the Wall; Carpenters hall, Drapers hall, Merchant Taylors hall, and Pinners hall; the Bank of England, the South Sea House, and the Pay Office.

This ward is under the government of an Alderman, his Deputy, and nine other Common Council men; thirteen wardmote inquest men, eight scavengers, ten constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of August.

Broad walk, 1. In the Tower. 2. Bargehouse, Southwark.

Broad wall, near the Upper Ground, Southwark.

Broad way, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Black Friars. 3. Privy Garden. 4. Tothill street.

Broad yard, 1. Coleman’s alley, Brown street. 2. Crow alley, Whitecross street, Cripplegate. 3. Dirty lane Blackman street. 4. Green Dragon alley, Wapping. 5. Holiwell court, Holiwell lane, 6. Islington. 7. Milk yard, Wapping. 8. St. John’s street. 9. Soper’s alley, Whitecross street. 10. Swan alley, Golden lane. 11. Upper Ground street.

Broderers, or Embroiderers, a company incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, in the year 1591, by the title of The Keepers or Wardens, and Company of the art and mystery of the Broderers of the city of London. They are governed by two Keepers, or Wardens, and forty Assistants. The Livery consists of 115 members, whose fine upon admission is 5l. They have a small convenient hall in Gutter lane.

Broken cross, Tothill street.

Broken wharf, Thames street.

Brockley’s rents, Artillery row.†

Bromley, a town in Kent, situated on the river Ravensbourn nine miles from London, in the road to Tunbridge. Here is a palace of the Bishop of Rochester, to whom King Edgar gave the manor in the year 700; and here also is an hospital erected by Dr. Warner Bishop of that see, in the reign of King Charles II. for twenty poor Clergymen’s widows, with an allowance of 20l. a year, and 50l. a year to the Chaplain.

Bromley, a pleasant village near Bow, in Middlesex, where was formerly a monastery. The great house here was built by Sir John Jacob, Bart, Commissioner of the customs at the restoration, and afterwards became the seat of Sir William Benson, Sheriff of London in the reign of Queen Anne, the father to William Benson, Esq; Auditor of the Imprest, who some years ago sold it, with the manor and rectory, to Mr. Lloyd, a gentleman of Wales.

Bromley street, Holborn.†

Brook alley, 1. Rotten row. 2. Noble street.

Brook’s court, 1. Holborn. 2. Heneage lane. 3. In the Minories. 4. Thames street.†

Brook’s market, by Brook street, Holborn: so denominated from the Lord Brook’s city mansion, at the north corner of the market.

Brook’s mews, Brook street, near Bond street.†

Brook’s rents, Fore street, Cripplegate.†

Brook’s street, 1. Holborn.† 2. New Bond street.† 3. Ratcliff.†

Brook’s wharf, near Queenhithe.†

Brook’s Wharf lane, High Timber street, Broken wharf.†

Brook’s yard, 1. Old Fish street hill.† 2. Fore street, Lambeth.†

Broomstick alley, 1. Bunhill row. 2. Field lane. 3. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.

Broughton’s rents, Harrow alley.†

Brown Bear alley, East Smithfield.

Brownlow street, Drury lane.†

Brown’s alley, 1. Gravel street.† 2. King’s street.† 3. Norton Falgate.†

Brown’s buildings, St. Mary Ax.†

Brown’s court 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.† 2. Billiter lane.† 3. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 4. Brown street.† 5. St. Catharine’s lane.† 6. Crutched friars.† 7. Gracechurch street,† 8. Near Grosvenor square.† 9. Holiwell court, Shoreditch.† 10. Little Old Bailey.† 11. Long alley, Moorfields.† 12. Marlborough street.† 13. In the Minories.† 14. Rotherhith.† 15. Shoe lane.† 16. Shug lane, near Piccadilly.† 17. Thieving lane.†

Brown’s gardens, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†

Brown’s lane, Red Lion street, Spitalfields.†

Brown’s passage, Green street.†

Brown’s rents, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. St. Catharine’s lane.†

Brown street, 1. New Bond street.† 2. Bunhill fields.†

Brown’s wharf 1. St. Catharine’s.† 2. White Friar’s Dock.†

Brown’s yard, 1. in the Minories.† 2. Near Holiwell lane.† 3. Whitecross street.† 4. Woodroffe lane.

Brownson’s court, Ayliss street, Goodman’s fields.†

Broxbourn, a small but pleasant village near Hoddesdon, in Hertfordshire, situated on a rising ground, with pleasant meadows down to the river Lee.

Broxbournbury, the seat of the Lord Monson, situated by the above village of Broxbourn. The house is a large Gothic structure in the midst of the park, which has lately been planted and beautified, and at a small distance from the house are new offices, erected in a quadrangle, on the same plan with the royal Mews at Charing Cross. They are placed behind a large plantation of trees, so that they do not appear till you come near them, and yet are at a convenient distance from the principal edifice, which, it is said, his Lordship proposes to rebuild.

Brunswick court, 1. Artillery row. 2. Queen square, Ormond street. 3. Crucifix lane.

Brush alley, 1. St. Catharine’s lane. 2. East Smithfield.

Brush court, East Smithfield.

Brush yard, Kent street.

Brutton mews, Brutton street.†

Brutton street, New Bond street.†

Buckeridge street, Dyot street.†

Buckingham court, Charing Cross.

Buckingham House, is finely situated at the west end of the Park. In the front, which is towards the Mall and the grand canal, it has a court inclosed with iron rails. At the entrance of the edifice, which is built with brick and stone, is a very broad flight of steps, upon which are four tall Corinthian pilasters, that are fluted and reach to the top of the second story, and at each corner is a plain pilaster of the same order. Within this compass are two series of very large and lofty windows, over which is the entablature, and in the middle this inscription in large gold characters:

SIC SITI LÆTANTUR LARES.

Thus situated may the houshold Gods rejoice.

Over this is an Attic story with square windows and Tuscan pilasters, over which was an Acroteria of figures representing Mercury, Secrecy, Equity, Liberty &c. but these figures were taken away soon after the death of the late Duke of Buckingham. On each side of the building are bending colonades with columns of the Ionic order, crowned with a balustrade and vases. These colonades join the offices at the extremity of the wings to the main building, and each of these offices is crowned with a turret, supporting a dome, from which rises a weathercock.

Behind the house is a garden and terrace, from whence there is a fine prospect of the adjacent country, which gave occasion to the following inscription on that side of the house,

RUS IN URBE:

Intimating that it has the advantage of both city and country; above which were figures representing the four Seasons.

The hall is paved with marble and adorned with pilasters, and during the life of the late Duchess, with a great variety of good paintings, and on a pedestal at the foot of the grand stair-case there was a marble figure of Cain killing his brother Abel.

To this account of Buckingham House we shall add the following letter, written by the Duke of Buckingham himself to the D—— of Sh—— containing a farther description of it, &c.

“You accuse me of singularity in resigning the Privy Seal with a good pension added to it, and yet afterwards staying in town at a season when every body else leaves it, which you say is despising at once both Court and Country. You desire me therefore to defend myself, if I can, by describing very particularly in what manner I spend so many hours, that appear long to you who know nothing of the matter, and yet, methinks, are but too short for me.

“No part of this talk which you impose is uneasy; except the necessity of using the singular number so often. That one letter (I) is a most dangerous monosyllable, and gives an air of vanity to the modestest discourse whatsoever. But you will remember I write this only by way of apology; and that, under accusation, it is allowable to plead any thing for defence, though a little tending to our own commendation.

“To begin then without more preamble: I rise, now in summer, about seven a clock, from a very large bedchamber (entirely quiet, high, and free from the early sun) to walk in the garden; or, if rainy, in a saloon filled with pictures, some good, but none disagreeable: there also, in a row above them, I have so many portraits of famous persons in several kinds, as are enough to excite ambition in any man less lazy, or less at ease, than myself.

“Instead of a little closet (according to the unwholesome custom of most people) I chuse this spacious room for all my small affairs, reading books or writing letters; where I am never in the least tired, by the help of stretching my legs sometimes in so large a room, and of looking into the pleasantest park in the world just underneath it.

“Visits, after a certain hour, are not to be avoided; some of which I own to be a little fatiguing (tho’ thanks to the town’s laziness, they come pretty late) if the garden was not so near, as to give a seasonable refreshment between those ceremonious interruptions. And I am more sorry than my coachman himself, if I am forced to go abroad any part of the morning. For though my garden is such, as by not pretending to rarities or curiosities, has nothing in it to inveagle ones thoughts; yet by the advantage of situation and prospect, it is able to suggest the noblest that can be; in presenting at once to view a vast town, a palace, and a magnificent cathedral. I confess the last, with all its splendor, has less share in exciting my devotion, than the most common shrub in my garden; for though I am apt to be sincerely devout in any sort of religious assemblies, from the very best (that of our own church) even to those of Jews, Turks, and Indians: yet the works of nature appear to me the better sort of sermons; and every flower contains in it the most edifying rhetorick, to fill us with admiration of its omnipotent Creator. After I have dined (either agreeably with friends, or at worst with better company than your country neighbours) I drive away to a place of air and exercise; which some constitutions are in absolute need of: agitation of the body and diversion of the mind, being a composition of health above all the skill of Hippocrates.

“The small distance of this place from London, is just enough for recovering my weariness, and recruiting my spirits so as to make me better than before I set out, for either business or pleasure. At the mentioning the last of these, methinks I see you smile; but I confess myself so changed (which you maliciously, I know, will call decayed) as to my former enchanting delights, that the company I commonly find at home is agreeable enough to make me conclude the evening on a delightful terrace, or in a place free from late visits except of familiar acquaintance.

“By this account you will see that most of my time is conjugally spent at home; and consequently you will blame my laziness more than ever, for not employing it in a way which your partiality is wont to think me capable of: therefore I am obliged to go on with this trifling description, as some excuse for my idleness. But how such a description itself is excusable, is what I should be very much in pain about, if I thought any body could see it besides yourself, who are too good a judge in all things to mistake a friend’s compliance in a private letter, for the least touch of vanity.

“The avenues to this house are along St. James’s Park, through rows of goodly elms on one hand, and gay flourishing limes on the other; that for coaches, this for walking; with the Mall lying betwixt them. This reaches to my iron pallisade that encompasses a square court, which has in the midst a great basin with statues and water-works; and from its entrance rises all the way imperceptibly, till we mount to a terrace in the front of a large hall, paved with square white stones mixed with a dark-colour’d marble; the walls of it covered with a set of pictures done in the school of Raphael. Out of this on the right hand we go into a parlour thirty-three feet by thirty-nine, with a niche fifteen feet broad for a beausette, paved with white marble, and placed within an arch with pilasters of divers colours, the upper part of which as high as the ceiling is painted by Ricci.

“From hence we pass through a suite of large rooms, into a bedchamber of thirty-four feet by twenty-seven; within it a large closet, that opens into a green-house. On the left hand of the hall are three stone arches supported by three Corinthian pillars, under one of which we go up eight and forty steps, ten feet broad, each step of one entire Portland stone. These stairs by the help of two resting places, are so very easy, there is no need of leaning on the iron baluster. The walls are painted with the story of Dido; whom though the poet was obliged to dispatch away mournfully in order to make room for Lavinia, the better natur’d painter has brought no farther than to that fatal cave, where the lovers appear just entering, and languishing with desire. The roof of this stair-case, which is fifty-five feet from the ground, is forty feet by thirty-six, filled with the figures of Gods and Goddesses. In the midst is Juno, condescending to bed assistance from Venus, to bring about a marriage which the Fates intended should be the ruin of her own darling queen and people. By which that sublime poet intimates, that we should never be over eager for any thing, either in our pursuits, or our prayers; lest what we endeavour or ask too violently for our interest, should be granted us by Providence only in order to our ruin.

“The bas reliefs and all the little squares above are all episodical paintings of the same story: and the largeness of the whole had admitted of a sure remedy against any decay of the colours from salt petre in the wall, by making another of oak laths four inches within it, and so primed over like a picture.

“From a wide landing place on the stairs head, a great double door opens into an apartment of the same dimensions with that below, only three feet higher; notwithstanding which it would appear too low, if the higher saloon had not been divided from it. The first room of this floor has within it a closet of original pictures, which yet are not so entertaining as the delightful prospect from the windows. Out of the second room a pair of great doors give entrance into the saloon, which is thirty-five feet high, thirty-six broad, and forty-five long. In the midst of its roof a round picture of Gentileschi, eighteen feet in diameter, represents the Muses playing in concert to Apollo lying along on a cloud to hear them. The rest of the room is adorned with paintings relating to arts and sciences; and underneath divers original pictures hang all in good lights, by the help of an upper row of windows which drown the glaring.

“Much of this seems appertaining to parade, and therefore I am glad to leave it to describe the rest, which is all for conveniency. As first, a covered passage from the kitchen without doors; and another down to the cellars and all the offices within. Near this, a large and lightsome back stairs leads up to such an entry above, as secures our private bedchambers both from noise and cold. Here we have necessary dressing rooms, servants rooms, and closets, from which are the pleasantest views of all the house, with a little door for communication betwixt this private apartment and the great one.

“These stairs, and those of the same kind at the other end of the house, carry us up to the highest story, fitted for the women and children, with the floors so contrived as to prevent all noise over my wife’s head, during the mysteries of Lucina.

“In mentioning the court at first, I forgot the two wings in it, built on stone arches which join the house by corridores supported by Ionic pillars. In one of these wings is a large kitchen thirty feet high, with an open cupulo on the top; near it a larder, brew-house, and laundry, with rooms over them for servants; the upper sort of servants are lodged in the other wing, which has also two wardrobes and a store-room for fruit. On the top of all a leaden cistern holding fifty tuns of water, driven up by an engine from the Thames, supplies all the water-works[^[1]] in the courts and gardens, which lie quite round the house; through one of which a grass walk conducts to the stables, built round a court, with six coach houses and forty stalls. I will add but one thing before I carry you into the garden, and that is about walking too, but ’tis on the top of all the house; which being covered with smooth milled lead, and defended by a parapet of balusters from all apprehension as well as danger, entertains the eye with a far distant prospect of hills and dales, and a near one of parks and gardens. To these gardens we go down from the house by seven steps, into a gravel walk that reaches cross the garden, with a covered arbour at each end of it. Another of thirty feet broad leads from the front of the house, and lies between two groves of tall lime trees, planted in several equal ranks upon a carpet of grass: the outsides of these groves are bordered with tubs of bays and orange trees. At the end of this broad walk, you go up to a terrace four hundred paces long, with a large semicircle in the middle, from whence is beheld the Queen’s two parks, and a great part of Surry; then going down a few steps, you walk on the bank of a canal six hundred yards long, and seventeen broad, with two rows of limes on each side of it.

“On one side of this terrace, a wall covered with roses and jessamines is made low, to admit the view of a meadow full of cattle just under it, (no disagreeable object in the midst of a great city) and at each end a descent into parterres, with fountains and water-works. From the biggest of these parterres we pass into a little square garden, that has a fountain in the middle, and two green-houses on the sides, with a convenient bathing apartment in one of them; and near another part of it lies a flower garden. Below all this a kitchen garden, full of the best sorts of fruits, has several walks in it fit for the coldest weather.

“Thus I have done with a tedious description; only one thing I forgot, though of more satisfaction to me than all the rest, which I fancy you guess already; and ’tis a little closet of books at the end of that green-house which joins the best apartment, which besides their being so very near, are ranked in such a method, that by its mark a very Irish footman may fetch any book I want. Under the windows of this closet and green-house, is a little wilderness full of blackbirds and nightingales. The trees, tho’ planted by myself, require lopping already, to prevent their hindring the view of that fine canal in the Park.

“After all this, to a friend I’ll expose my weakness, as an instance of the mind’s unquietness under the most pleasing enjoyments. I am oftener missing a pretty gallery in the old house I pulled down, than pleased with a saloon which I built in its stead, though a thousand times better after in all manner of respects.

“And now (pour fair bonne bouche, with a grave reflection) it were well for us, if this incapacity of being entirely contented was as sure a proof of our being reserved for happiness in another world, as it is of our frailty and imperfection in this. I confess the divines tell us so, but tho’ I believe a future state more firmly than a great many of them appear to do, by their inordinate desires of the good things in this; yet I own my faith is founded, not on those fallacious arguments of preachers, but on that adorable conjunction of unbounded power and goodness, which certainly must some way recompense hereafter so many thousand of innocent wretches created to be so miserable here.”

[1]. Considerable alterations have been made in the house since this letter was written. The water-works in particular no longer exist.

Buckingham street, a handsome street, and well inhabited, extends from the Strand to the river Thames, where for the convenience of taking water are built those fine stairs called York stairs. The street is thus called from John Villars Duke of Buckingham. See York Buildings, and York Stairs.

Buckle street, Red Lion street, Whitechapel.

Bucklersbury, Cheapside. Mr. Maitland observes that it is more properly Bucklesbury, as it was originally so named, from a manor and tenements belonging to one Buckles, who dwelt and kept his courts there.

Buckler’s rents, Rotherhith wall.†

Buckridge alley, George street, Spitalfields.†

Buckridge court, Bembridge street.

Buck’s Head court, Great Distaff lane.*

Buck’s rents, Rosemary lane.†

Budge row, Watling street.

Bufford’s buildings, St. John street, Smithfield.†

Bull alley, 1. Back alley, in Three hammer alley, Tooley street.* 2. Brick lane, Old street.* 3. Broad street, London wall.* 4. Bull stairs, Upper Ground street, Southwark.* 5. Fore street, Lambeth.* 6. Kent street, Southwark.* 7. Nicholas lane, Lombard street.* 8. Turnmill street.* 9. Upper Ground, Southwark.* 10. Whitechapel.*

Bull bridge, 1. Horselydown. 2. Limehouse.

Bull court, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Nightingale lane.* 3. Petticoat lane.* 4. Ragged row, Goswell street.*

Bull Head alley, Rag street, Hockley in the Hole.*

Bull Head court, 1. Broad street, London wall.* 2. Cow lane.* 3. Great Queen street, Drury lane.* 4. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 5. Laurence lane.* 6. Newgate street.* 7. Peter street, Cow Cross.* 8. Wood street, Cheapside.*

Bull Head passage, Gracechurch street.*

Bull Head yard, near Blackman street, Southwark.*

Bull Inn court, in the Strand.*

Bull lane, Stepney.*

Bull and Mouth street, St. Martin’s le Grand.*

Bull stairs, Bull alley, Upper Ground street, Southwark.*

Bull Stake alley, Whitechapel.*

Bull Wharf, near Brook’s wharf.*

Bull Wharf lane, Thames street.*

Bull yard, 1. Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Goswell street.* 3. St. John’s street, near Clerkenwell.* 4. Kingsland road, Shoreditch.* 5. Old Horselydown.*

Bullen’s rents, Shoe lane, Fleet street.†

Bulliford court, Fenchurch street.

Bullocks court, 1. Chequer alley, Old Bethlem. 2. Minories.

Bullock’s yard, 1. Shoreditch. 2. Nightingale lane.†

Bull’s rents, 1. Freeman’s lane.† 2. Lambeth marsh.†

Bulstrode, the seat of the Duke of Portland, near Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire. It is a large handsome house finely situated in a pleasant park, and you have a good view of it from the road to Beaconsfield, which goes close to the park gate.

Bunch’s alley, Thrall street.

Bunhill court, Bunhill fields.

Bunhill Fields, formerly called Bonhill fields, was anciently a tract of ground of considerable extent, reaching from the north side of Chiswell street to Old street.

Bunhill Fields Burial ground, a large piece of ground near Upper Moorfields. Maitland says it was formerly called Bonhill, or Goodhill. It was set apart, consecrated and walled at the expence of the city, in 1665, the dreadful year of pestilence, as a common cemetery for the interment of such corps as could not have room in their parochial burial grounds: but it not being used on this occasion, Mr. Tindal took a lease of it, and converted into a burial ground for the use of the dissenters. There are a great number of raised monuments with vaults underneath belonging to particular families, and a multitude of gravestones with inscriptions. The price of opening the ground, or of interment, is 15s.

Bunhill Fields School, was erected by the company of Haberdashers, in the year 1673, pursuant to the gift of Mr. Throgmorton, who endowed it with 80l. per annum, for the education of thirty poor boys of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate.

Bunhill row, near Bunhill fields.

Burden’s street, David’s street.†

Burge’s court, Wood street, Cheapside.†

Burial yard, Mill yard, Rosemary lane.

Burleigh court, Burleigh street.

Burlington House.
S. Waledel. B. Green sculp.

Burleigh street, in the Strand, near the house which formerly belonged to the great Lord Treasurer Burleigh.

Burlington gardens, a street by Bond street; took its name from its being built on the spot, which was formerly the Earl of Burlington’s garden.

Burlington House, in Piccadilly. The front of this house, which is of stone, is remarkable for the beauty of the design and workmanship. The print representing the body of the house and a part of the wings, was all that could be taken into the visual angle. The circular colonade of the Doric order which joins the wings, is very noble and striking. The house is hardly grand enough for the colonade, and seems to want something in the center to make the entrance more conspicuous. The house is of an older date than the front, which was built by the late Earl of Burlington. The rooms within are in a fine taste, and the stair-case is painted by Seb. Ricci, with great spirit and freedom.

Burlington mews, Great Swallow street.

Burlington street, Great Swallow street.

The Earl of Burlington’s seat at Chiswick. See the article Chiswick.

Burntwood. See Brentwood.

Burr street, Lower East Smithfield.

Burton’s rents, Holiwell street.†

Bury court, St. Mary Ax.†

Bury street, 1. Duke’s place. 2. Piccadilly.

Bush alley, St. Catharine’s lane.

Bush lane, Canon street, Walbrook.

Bushe’s rents, St. John’s court, Cow lane.†

Bushell court, Lothbury.

Bushell’s rents, Wapping.†

Bushy, a small village near Watford in Hertfordshire, adjoining to which is a spacious common, called Bushy Heath, extending towards Stanmore, in the county of Middlesex. This heath rises to a considerable height, and from its top affords a most delightful prospect. On the one hand we have a view of St. Alban’s, and of all the space between, which appears like a garden: the inclosed corn fields seem like one grand parterre: the thick planted hedges resemble a wilderness or labyrinth: the villages interspersed thro’ the landscape, appear at a distance like a multitude of gentlemen’s seats. To the south east is seen Westminster Abbey, more to the south appears Hampton Court, and on the south west Windsor Castle, with the Thames winding between both, through the most beautiful parts of Middlesex and Surry, its banks adorned with towns, and a multitude of magnificent seats of the nobility.

Butcherhall lane, Newgate street. Formerly a market being kept in Newgate street, the slaughter houses of the butchers were in this lane, when from the nastiness of the place it was called stinking lane: but the market being removed after the fire, and this lane rebuilt, here the company of butchers had their hall, whence it took its name.

Butcher row, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Ratcliff cross. 3. Without Temple Bar.

Butchers, a fraternity that seems to have been very ancient, since they were fined by Henry II. in the year 1180, as an adulterine guild, for being set up without the King’s licence; though they were not incorporated till the year 1605. This company consists of a Master, five Wardens, twenty-one Assistants, and two hundred and fourteen Liverymen, who pay a fine of 2l. each upon their admission into the livery. They have a neat and convenient hall in Pudding lane, in which are three handsome rooms neatly wainscoted and adorned with fretwork.

Butcher’s alley, 1. Cable street. 2. St. John street, West Smithfield. 3. Windmill hill, Moorfields.

Butchers Arms yard, Goswell street.*

Butcher’s close, King street, Moorfields.

Butcher’s dock, Rotherhith wall†

Butcher’s yard, Brick lane.

Butler’s alley, 1. Grub street, Cripplegate.† 2. Windmill hill row.†

Butler’s Almshouse, in Little Chapel street, Westminster, was founded by Mr. Nicholas Butler, in the year 1675, who endowed it with 12l. per annum. It consists of only two large rooms, for two poor men and their wives.

Butler’s court, Houndsditch.†

Butler’s yard, Monkwell street.†

Butterfly court, Grub street, Cripplegate.*

Buttermilk alley, Phenix street, Spitalfields.

Butt’s street, Lambeth.†

Buttonmould row, Dean’s court, St. Martin’s le Grand.

Byas rents, Crucifix lane.

Byfield’s passage, Petticoat lane.†

Byfield’s rents, Petticoat lane.†

Byfleet, a village in Surry, situated on a branch of the river Mole, adorned with several gentlemen’s seats, and a fine park in its neighbourhood. At this place is a handsome house belonging to Lieut. Gen. Cornwall; and at a place at a small distance the Rev. Mr. Spence has made many neat and elegant improvements. The river Mole flows by the side of Byfleet park, and forming a great number of windings, renders its course near four miles within the compass of the inclosure.

C.

Cabbage alley, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Long lane, Southwark.

Cabbage lane, near King’s Arms stairs.

Cabbage yard, Cork lane, Swan fields.

Cabinet court, Duke street, Spitalfields.

Cable court, Cable street.

Cable street, Rag fair.

Cadd’s row, Islington.†

Cæsar’s Head court, Crutched Friars.*

Cage alley, Cock hill, Ratcliff.

Cain and Abel’s alley, 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.* 2. Bishopsgate street without.*

Calender’s court, 1. Drury lane. 2. Long alley, Moorfields.

Camberwell, a pleasant village in Surry, two miles from Southwark, in the road to Croydon.

Camberwell road, Newington butts.

Cambray house. See Canonbury House.

Cambridge heath, in Middlesex near Hackney.

Cambridge street, Broad street, Poland street.

Camden court, Clerkenwell.

Camden house, in Middlesex, a little to the west of Kensington palace, was lately the seat and manor of the Earl of Warwick, but it now belongs to Henry Fox, Esq.

Camel row, Mile end.

Camomile court, Camomile street.

Camomile street, Bishopsgate street.

Campion lane, Allhallows, Thames street.†

Campion’s alley, Market street, Westminster.†

Camp’s Almshouse, in Wormwood street, was founded by Mr. Laurence Camp, for the relief of six poor people of the parish of Allhallows London Wall, who had an allowance of 1l. 14s. 8d. a year.

Canary court, Exeter court in the Strand.

Candlewick Ward, took its name from a street called Candlewick, or Candlewright street, remarkable for wax and tallow chandlers, who were anciently called candlewrights, and is bounded on the south by Bridge and Dowgate wards; on the west by Dowgate and Wallbrook wards; on the north by Langborne ward; and on the east by Bridge ward. The principal streets in this ward are, Eastcheap, and a part of Canon street, and St. Martin’s lane. The most remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Clement’s Eastcheap, St. Mary Abchurch, and St. Michael’s Crooked lane.

It is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, and seven other Common Council men; twelve wardmote inquest men, six scavengers, eight constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve on juries in Guildhall in the month of December.

Cane’s wharf, Milford lane.†

Canon alley, St. Paul’s church yard.

Canon row, or Channel row, New Palace yard, Westminster; called Canon row from this row formerly consisting of the houses for the Canons of St. Stephen’s Westminster.

Canon street, 1. In the Mint. 2. Ratcliff Highway. 3. A considerable street extending from Budge row to Eastcheap.

Canonbury, vulgarly called Cambray House, formerly belonged to the Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield. It is pleasantly situated on a beautiful eminence on the east side of Islington, and commands three delightful prospects to the east, north, and south.

Canons of St. Paul’s. These Canons or Prebendaries, who are 30 in number, with the Bishop of London at their head, compose the Chapter, which has the management of the affairs of this cathedral; these canonries are in the collation of the Bishop, and are as follows. 1. Bromesbury, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 2. Brownswood, in the same parish. 3. Cadington Major, in the manor of Astonbury, Bedfordshire. 4. Cadington Minor, in the parish of Cadington, Bedfordshire. 5. Chamberlain’s-Wood, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 6. Chiswick, in the county of Middlesex. 7. Consumpt. per Mare, a prebend in the parish of Walton, or Waltome, on the coast of Essex, which being overflowed by the sea, before the conquest, the present name serves only to perpetuate the remembrance of that fatal catastrophe. 8. Eald Street, or Old Street, in Shoreditch parish. 9. Ealdland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 10. Holiwell, alias Finsbury, in the parishes of St. Giles Cripplegate, and Shoreditch. 11. Harleston, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 12. Holborn, in the suburbs of London. 13. Hoxton, in the parish of Shoreditch. 14. Islington, in the county of Middlesex. 15. Kentish-town, in the parish of St. Pancras. 16. Mapelsbury, in the parish of Willesdon. 17. Mora, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 18. Neasdon, in the parish of Willesdon. 19. Oxgate, in the same parish. 20. St. Pancras, in Middlesex. 21. Portpool, in the parish of St. Andrew Holborn. 22. Reculvarland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 23. Rougemere, in the parish of Pancras. 24. Sneating, in the parish of Kirkeby, Essex. 25. Stoke Newington, Middlesex. 26. Tottenhall or Tottenham Court, in the parish of St. Pancras. 27. Twyford, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 28. Wenlakesbarn, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 29. Wildland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 30. Willesdon, in the county of Middlesex. Newc. Repert.

The petty Canons who are twelve in number, are chosen out of the ministers and officers belonging to the cathedral, and should be persons of unspotted characters, with harmonious voices, and skilled in vocal music. These were constituted a body politic and corporate by letters patent granted by King Richard II. in the year 1399, by the title of The College of the twelve petty Canons of St. Paul’s; and allowed a common seal, with one of their number for a Warden. Newc. Repert.

Canterbury court, 1. Black Friars, 2. Phenix street.

Car court, Rotten row, Old street.

Car yard, 1. Moor lane. 2. Redcross street. 3. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.

Card court, West Smithfield.

Cardinals of the choir, two officers chosen out of the petty Canons of St. Paul’s, by the Dean and Chapter. Their office is to superintend the behaviour and attendance of the several officers belonging to the choir; and to take minutes of the several crimes of which they are guilty when on duty, in order to their being corrected for them by the Dean and Chapter.

Cardinal’s Cap alley, Bank side.*

Cardmakers, were incorporated by letters patent of Charles I. in the year 1629. This company is governed by a Matter, two Wardens, and eighteen Assistants, but they have neither livery nor hall.

Cary lane, Foster lane, Cheapside.†

Cary street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.†

Carlisle street, Soho square.

Carman’s yard, Pepper alley.

Carmen, were constituted a fellowship of this city, by an act of Common Council in the reign of Henry VIII. and incorporated by letters patent granted by James I. in 1606, with the fraternity of Fuellers, under the denomination of Woodmongers, with whom they continued till 1668, when the Woodmongers were convicted by parliament of many enormous frauds in the sale of coals, and other fuel, and being apprehensive of suffering the punishment due to their crimes, threw up their charter in order to avoid it, upon which the Carmen were again appointed a fellowship by an act of Common Council, under the title of The free Carmen of the city of London. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and forty-one Assistants, under the direction of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, but have neither livery nor hall.

Carnaby, or Marlborough Market, by Carnaby street, has Marlborough street on the north, and Broad street on the south west. This is lately become a very plentiful market for flesh and other provisions.

Carnaby street, 1. Silver street, Bloomsbury. 2. Silver street, Golden square.

Caroline court, Saffron hill.

Caron’s Almshouse, in Kingston road, Vauxhall, consists of seven rooms for as many poor women, and was founded by his excellency the Right Hon. Noel Baron of Caron, Ambassador from the States General in the year 1623. This almshouse he endowed with a handsome estate, out of which each of his almswomen receives 4l. a year.

Carpenters, a fraternity incorporated by Edward III. in the year 1344; with the power of making by-laws. This company is governed by a Master, three Wardens, and twenty Assistants, with a livery of 100 members, who pay a fine of 8l. upon their admission.

Their hall is situated on the south side of London Wall almost facing the east end of Bethlem hospital, in a court called Carpenters hall yard, to which there is an entrance through a large pair of gates. The building is composed of timber and plaister; and though very old, is not without its peculiar ornaments.

Carpenters alley, Wych street.

Carpenters buildings, London wall.

Carpenters court, 1. Aldermanbury. 2. Bett’s street, Ratcliff. 3. Charterhouse lane. 4. Long Acre.

Carpenters street, Mount row.†

Carpenters yard, 1. Beech lane. 2. Coleman street. 3. Near Blackman street. 4. Deadman’s place. 5. London wall. 6. Long lane, West Smithfield. 7. Peter street, Westminster. 8. Poor Jewry lane. 9. Skinner street. 10. Town Ditch, Little Britain. 11. Upper Ground street.

Carriers street, Buckeridge street.

Carshalton, a village in Surry, situated among innumerable springs, which all together form a river in the very street of the town, and joining other springs that flow from Croydon and Beddington, form one stream called the Wandell. Though this village is thus situated among springs, it is built upon firm chalk, and on one of the most beautiful spots on that side of London, on which account it has many fine houses belonging to the citizens of London, some of them built with such grandeur and expence, that they might be rather taken for the seats of the nobility, than the country houses of citizens and merchants. Mr. Scawen intended to build a magnificent house here in a fine park which is walled round, and vast quantities of stone and other materials were collected by him for this purpose; but the design was never carried into execution. Here also Dr. Ratcliff built a very fine house, which afterwards belonged to Sir John Fellows, who added gardens and curious water-works. It at length passed into the possession of the Lord Hardwick, who sold it to the late William Mitchell, Esq; and it is now in the possession of his family.

Carteret street, Broad way, Westminster.

Cart yard, 1. Rosemary lane. 2. Whitechapel.

Carter’s court, 1. Lukener’s lane.† 2. Cursitors alley, Bristol street.†

Carter’s rents. Brick lane, Spitalfields.†

Carter’s street, Houndsditch.†

Carthusian street, Pickax street, Aldersgate street.

Cartwright street, Broad way, Westminster.† 2. Rosemary lane.†

CASHIOBURY.

Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire, situated sixteen miles north of London, is said to have been the seat of the Kings of Mercia, during the Heptarchy, till Offa gave it to the monastery of St. Alban’s. Henry VIII. however bestowed it on Richard Morison, Esq; from whom it passed to Arthur Lord Capel, Baron of Hadham, and from him came by inheritance to be the manor of the Earls of Essex, who have here a noble seat erected in the form of an H, with a large park adorned with fine woods and walks: the gardens were planted and laid out by Le Notre in the reign of King Charles II. The front and one side are of brick and modern, the other side is very old. The print shews it better than description.

Moor Park.

Cash’s alley, near Shoreditch church.†

Castle alley, 1. Cornhill.* 2. Near Lambeth hill.* 3. Trig lane, Thames street.*

Castle Baynard Ward, was so called from an ancient castle near the Thames built by Baynard, a nobleman of great authority, who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror. It is bounded on the north and west by the ward of Faringdon within; on the east by Queenhithe and Bread street wards; and on the south by the river Thames.

The principal streets in this ward are, the south end of Thames street, St. Peter’s hill, St. Bennet’s hill, Addle hill, Knight Rider street, Paul’s chain, Carter lane, and the east side of Creed lane, and Warwick lane. The remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Bennet’s, Paul’s Wharf, St. Andrew Wardrobe, and St. Mary Magdalen, with the Heralds office.

It is governed by an Alderman and his Deputy, nine other Common Council men; fourteen wardmote inquest men, seven scavengers, ten constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the inquest for this ward serve in the courts of Guildhall in the month of September.

Castle court, 1. Birchin lane.* 2. Budge row.* 3. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 4. Castle lane, in the Mint.* 5. Castle street, Long Acre.* 6. College hill.* 7. Cornhill.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Laurence lane.* 10. Lombard street. 11. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. 12. In the Strand. 13. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Castle Inn yard, Aldersgate street.*

Castle lane, 1. Castle street, Long Acre.* 2. Castle street, Southwark.* 3. Petty France, Westminster (called also Cabbage lane).* 4. Redcross street, Deadman’s place.* 5. St. James’s Westminster.* 6. Thames street.*

Castle street, 1. Air street, Piccadilly.* 2. Bloomsbury.* 3. Cavendish market.* 4. Near Long Acre.* 5. In the Park, Southwark.* 6. Near the Royal Mews. * 7. Saffron hill.* 8. Shoreditch field.* 9. Thames street.* 10. Near Wentworth street, Spitalfields.* 11. Bevis street.*

Castle Street Library, was founded in the year 1685, by Thomas Tennison, D.D. Vicar of St. Martin’s in the fields, and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, for the use of his school, under which it is placed in a spacious room, and consists of about 4000 volumes.

The librarian’s salary is 10l. per annum, and he has convenient lodgings contiguous to the library. Maitland.

Castle Street School, was founded by Dr. Tennison, at the same time with the library. In 1697, that gentleman gave 1000l. towards a fund for the maintenance of his foundation, and some time after, by the consent of Dr. Patrick, Bishop of Ely, another sum of 500l. which had been left them jointly in trust, to dispose of in charitable uses, as they thought proper: which two sums, together with two leasehold messuages for the term of forty years, he vested in trustees, for the support of his school and library; out of the profits of which the librarian has the allowance mentioned above; the schoolmaster, besides a commodious dwelling house, has a salary of 30l. per annum; and the usher the same salary without any apartment; for which they teach thirty boys, the sons of the inhabitants of St. Martin’s in the fields. Maitland.

Castle yard, 1. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 2. Chick lane.* 3. Dacre street.* 4. East street, Bloomsbury.* 5. Harrow corner, Deadman’s place.* 6. Hermitage bridge, Wapping.* 7. Holborn.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Kingsland road, Shoreditch.* 10. Near the Broad way.* 11. Pennyfield street.* 12. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 13. Piccadilly. * 14. Saffron hill.*

Cat alley, Long lane, Smithfield.*

Cat’s Head court, Orchard street, Stable yard, Westminster.*

Cat’s hole, Tower ditch.

Cat’s hole yard, Tower ditch.

Cateaton street, King’s street, Cheapside.

Catharine alley, Bishopsgate street.

Catharine court, 1. Prince’s street, Threadneedle street. 2. Seething lane.

St. Catharine Cree Church, at the corner of Creechurch lane in Leadenhall street. The addition of the word Cree, arose from the English spelling of the word Christ as pronounced by the French; for this church being placed on the ground of a dissolved priory, which with its church was called our Saviour Christ’s church, tho’ it was dedicated to the virgin martyr St. Catharine, the original name of that priory became added to its denomination. The present edifice was erected in the year 1630, and is a very singular structure, built with stone, and of a mixed Gothic style. It has rounded battlements on the top, and a square tower that has the same kind of battlements: this tower is crowned with a square turret, over which is a dome, and from its summit rises the weather cock.

This is a curacy, and the parishioners have the privilege of choosing their own minister, who must be licensed by the Bishop of London. The Curate receives 70l. a year, exclusive of other advantages. Maitland.

St. Catharine Coleman, on the south side of Fenchurch street, is thus denominated from its been dedicated to the same saint as the two former churches, and the epithet of Coleman is added from there being formerly near it a large haw, yard, or garden, called Coleman-haw.

The old church escaped the flames at the fire of London; but becoming very ruinous, was rebuilt by the parish in the year 1734. The body is lofty, and enlightened with two series of windows; and the steeple, a plain tower crowned with battlements.

This church is a rectory, in the gift of the Bishop of London. The living is worth about 100l. per annum.

St. Catharine’s Church, on the east side of St. Catharine’s court, near the Tower, originally belonged to an hospital founded by Matilda, consort to King Stephen, and was farther endowed by Queen Eleanor, the relict of Henry III. Queen Eleanor consort to Edward I. and King Henry VI. who not only confirmed all the former grants, and added several additional ones, but gave an ample charter to this hospital. It was exempt from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, till its suppression by Henry VIII. soon after which King Edward VI. annexed it to the diocese of London. The church, which is a very antique building, is at present collegiate, and has a master and three brethren, who have 40l. each; three sisters who have 20l. and ten beadswomen who have 8l. per annum each: but the other profits arising from their estates, being only known to the master and brethren, are divided amongst them. Stow, Maitland.

St. Catharine’s Courts. To this precinct belong two courts; in one of which actions of debt for any sum are tried weekly on Thursdays: and in the other, which depends upon the civil law, are decided ecclesiastical matters.

St. Catharine’s court, 1. St. Catharine’s.☐ 2. Threadneedle street.

St. Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield.☐

St. Catharine’s stairs, St. Catharine’s.☐

St. Catharine’s street, St. Catharine’s.☐

Catharine street, in the Strand.

Catharine Wheel alley, 1. Blackman street.* 2. Holiwell street.* 3. St. James’s street.* 4. Kent street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Snow hill.* 7. Whitechapel.*

Catharine Wheel court, 1. Bridgewater gardens.* 2. Snow hill.* 3. Whitechapel.*

Catharine Wheel yard, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Blackman street.* 3. London wall.* 4. St. James’s street.* 5. West Smithfield.*

Catharine Wheel and George yard, Bishopsgate street.*

Catharine Wheel Inn yard, St. Margaret’s hill.*

Catlin’s alley, Shoreditch.†

Catstick yard, Gray’s Inn lane.

Cavendish court, Houndsditch.†

Cavendish market, Cavendish street.

Cavendish square, near Oxford street, has a spacious area which contains between two and three acres, with a large grass plat in the middle, surrounded with wooden rails, erected upon a brick wall; but both the rails and wall being much decayed, now make but an indifferent appearance. The square is, however, encompassed by noble buildings: the Lord Harcourt has a fine house on the east side; on the west is a noble edifice belonging to Mr. Lane, formerly the Lord Bingley’s; and in the center of the north side is a space left for a house intended to be erected by the late Duke of Chandos, the wings only being built; however, there is a handsome wall and gates before this space, which serve to preserve the uniformity of the square. Adjoining to this square, Lord Foley has just built a very grand house, with offices, and a court before it.

Cavendish street, Oxford street.

Causabond’s grounds, Maiden lane.†

Cecil court, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

Cecil street, in the Strand, so named from Cecil house, belonging to the great Lord Burleigh.

Cecil’s dock, Rotherhith wall.†

Master of the Ceremonies. See the article Master of the Ceremonies.

Chain alley, near Crutched Friars.

Chain court, Ship yard, Temple Bar.

Chain gate, near St. Saviour’s church, Southwark.

Lord Chamberlain, a great officer of the King’s houshold, who has the oversight of all the officers above stairs, except the precinct of the King’s bedchamber, which is under the government of the Groom of the stole. He has the oversight of the King’s Chaplains, notwithstanding his being a layman; also of the officers of the wardrobe, beds, tents, revels, music, comedians, hunting, and of all the physicians, apothecaries, surgeons, barbers, messengers, trumpets, drummers, tradesmen and artisans retained in his Majesty’s service. His salary is 100l. a year, and 1100l. a year board wages. His office is in Cleveland row.

Chamberlain of London, an officer of great trust, annually chosen on Midsummer day, tho’ he enjoys his place for life, if he is not found guilty of some great crime. He receives and pays all the city cash, and with him are deposited all public securities, for which he annually accounts to the proper auditors. As he is therefore entrusted with very considerable sums, he is obliged to give security for his fidelity, at his entrance into his office.

Chamberlain’s Office, is kept in Guildhall, in a room on the right hand side of the passage leading into the court of King’s bench, where this officer attends every morning, to decide the differences that arise between masters and apprentices, to enrol and turn over the latter, and to admit all who are duly qualified, to the freedom of the city; of whom there are annually admitted about fifteen hundred.

Chamber’s street, 1. Goodman’s Fields.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†

Chamber’s wharf, near the Bridge yard.†

Campion lane, Thames street.†

Lord High Chancellor, the supreme and sole judge in the court of Chancery, where he is to judge according to equity and conscience, and to moderate the exact rigour and letter of the common law, to which all other judges are strictly tied; but his decrees may be reversed by the house of Lords. This great officer, who is assisted by the masters in Chancery, takes precedency after the Archbishop of Canterbury, and next to the King, and Princes of the blood, is the highest person in the kingdom in civil affairs. The Lord High Chancellor is generally Keeper of the great seal, and is thence stiled Lord Keeper. See the article Lord Keeper.

Chancellor of the Exchequer. See the article Exchequer.

Chancellor of St. Paul’s, an officer anciently called Magister Scholarum, from his having the literature of the city committed to his care, by which he was impowered to license all the schoolmasters in London, except those of St. Martin’s le Grand, and Mary le Bow; but at present he is only Secretary to the Chapter, and has the third stall on the north side of the choir.

Court of Chancery. In the opinion of several learned men this court took its name from the cross bars of iron or wood, called by the Romans cancelli, with which it was formerly inclosed, to prevent the officers being incommoded by the crowding of the people. The Chancery consists of two courts, in one of which the Lord Chancellor proceeds according to the laws and statutes of the kingdom, and in the second, according to equity, judging rather by the spirit than the letter of the laws. In case of absence, his place upon the bench is supplied by the Master of the rolls, who also determines causes in the same equitable manner. See the article Lord Chancellor.

It is the peculiar business of this court to rescue people out of the hands of their oppressors, and to afford relief in case of fraud, accidents, and breach of trust. Besides, out of this court are issued writs for parliaments, charters, patents for sheriffs, writs of certiorari to remove records and false judgments in inferior courts, writs of moderata misericordia, when a person has been amerced too high, and for a reasonable part of goods for widows and orphans. Here also are sealed and enrolled, treaties with foreign Princes, letters patent, commissions of appeal, oyer and terminer, &c.

The manner of proceeding here is much like that in the courts of the civil law; for the actions are by bill or plaint; the witnesses are privately examined; there is no jury, but all the sentences are given by the judge of the court. However as it proceeds not according to law, it is no court of record, and therefore binds only the person, his lands and goods.

To this court belong twelve masters in chancery; an accountant general; six head clerks; sixty-two sworn clerks, who purchase their places, and twelve waiting clerks, whose places are given by the six clerks; two chief examiners, with their respective clerks; a chief and four inferior registers; the clerk of the crown; a prothonotary; clerks of the petty bag, subpæna, patent, affidavit, cursitors, and alienation office.

Masters in Chancery, are the twelve assistants of the Chancellor or Lord Keeper, the first of whom is Master of the rolls, which is a place of great dignity, and is in the gift of the King. These gentlemen sit at Westminster hall, with the Lord Chancellor, three at a time while the term lasts, and two at a time when the Lord Chancellor sits to hear causes in his own house, and to them he often refers the farther hearing of causes; he also refers to them matters of account, and other things of small moment; but never the merits of the cause.

The salary of the Masters in chancery is 100l. to each of them paid quarterly out of the Exchequer, besides robe money.

Chancery lane, Fleet street, so called from the court of Chancery there.

Chandler’s alley, Orchard street, Westminster.*

Chandler’s rents, Black Friars.†

Chandler’s street, Duke street.†

Chandos street, Bedford street, Covent Garden.†

Chanel row, New Palace yard. See Canon Row.

Change, behind Exeter Change in the Strand.

Change court, in the Strand.☐

Chanter of St. Paul’s. See the article Precentor.

Chapel Royal, a chapel in each of the King’s palaces, neatly ornamented on the inside. They are under the government of a Dean, who acknowledges no superior but his Majesty; for the Chapel Royal, or King’s Chapel, is not within the jurisdiction of any Bishop, but is a regal peculiar under the immediate government of the King. By the Dean are chosen the Sub-dean and all the other officers.

These are the King’s Clerk of the closet, a Divine whose office is to attend at his Majesty’s right hand during divine service, to wait on his Majesty in his private oratory; and to resolve all his doubts relating to religious subjects.

Forty-eight Chaplains in Ordinary, who are generally Doctors of Divinity distinguished for their learning and other accomplishments. Four of whom wait at court every month, to preach in the chapel on Sundays, and other Holidays before the King, and early in the morning on Sundays before the houshold; to read divine service to his Majesty every morning and evening during the rest of the week in his private oratory, and to say grace at the table in the absence of the Clerk of the closet.

The other officers are, a Confessor of the King’s houshold, whose office is to read prayers every morning to the family, to visit the sick, to examine and prepare communicants; and to inform such as desire advice in any case of conscience or point of religion. Ten Priests in Ordinary, sixteen gentlemen of the Chapel Royal, who with the Priests perform in the chapel the office of divine service, in praying, singing, &c. a master of the singing boys, of whom there are ten for the service of the chapel; a composer, two organists, a lutenist, a violist, and other officers.

Chapels. Though there are 115 churches within this city, and the bills of mortality, and above 120 meeting houses of dissenters, yet the chapels of the established religion are very numerous, as will appear from the following list.

1. Archbishop of Canterbury’s chapel, at Lambeth. 2. Ask’s almshouse chapel, at Hoxton. 3. Audley street chapel. 4. Bancroft’s almshouse chapel. 5. Banqueting house chapel, Whitehall. 6. Berwick street chapel, Old Soho. 7. Bridewell hospital chapel. 8. Charter house chapel. 9. College almshouse chapel, Deadman’s place. 10. Conduit street chapel. 11. Coopers almshouse chapel, Ratcliff. 12. Curzon street chapel. 13. Dacre’s chapel, Westminster. 14. Draper’s almshouse chapel, Blackman street. 15. also at Newington Butts. 16. Duke’s street chapel, Westminster. 17. Ely house chapel, Holborn hill. 18. Fishmongers almshouse chapel, Newington Butts. 19. Fleet Prison chapel. 20. Foundling hospital chapel. 21. Gray’s Inn chapel, Gray’s Inn. 22. Great Queen street chapel, Lincoln’s Inn fields. 23. Gresham College chapel, Bishopsgate street. 24. Grosvenor square chapel, Audley’s street. 25. Guildhall chapel. 26. Guy’s hospital chapel, Southwark. 27. Hill’s chapel, Rochester row, Westminster. 28. Jeffries’s hospital chapel, Kingsland road. 29. Kensington palace chapel. 30. King’s bench prison chapel, Southwark. 31. Kingsland hospital chapel, Kingsland. 32. King’s street chapel, Oxford street. 33. Knight’s-bridge chapel, Knight’s-bridge. 34. Lamb’s chapel, Monkwell street. 35. Lincoln’s Inn chapel, Chancery lane. 36. Lock hospital chapel, Southwark. 37. Long Acre chapel, Long Acre. 38. London infirmary chapel, Whitechapel. 39. London workhouse chapel, Bishopsgate street. 40. Ludgate prison chapel. 41. Magdalen hospital chapel, Goodman’s fields. 42. May fair chapel, May fair. 43. Mercers chapel, Cheapside. 44. New Chapel, Westminster. 45. Newgate prison chapel. 46. New street chapel, St. Giles’s in the fields. 47. Owen’s almshouse chapel, Islington. 48. Oxendon chapel, near the Haymarket. 49. Oxford chapel, Marybon fields. 50. Palmer’s hospital chapel, Westminster. 51. Petticoat lane chapel, Whitechapel. 52. Poultry Compter chapel. 53. Queen square chapel, Westminster. 54. Queen street chapel, Bloomsbury. 55. Ram’s chapel, Homerton, Hackney. 56. Rolls chapel, Chancery lane. 57. Russel court chapel, Drury lane. 58. St. James’s palace chapel. 59. St. John’s chapel, Clerkenwell. 60. St. John’s chapel, near Red Lion street. 61. St. Margaret’s chapel. Chapel street. 62. St. Martin’s almshouse chapel, Hog lane. 63. St. Thomas’s hospital chapel, Southwark. 64. Serjeants inn chapel, Chancery lane. 65. Skinner’s almshouse chapel, Mile end. 66. Somerset house chapel. 67. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 68. Staple’s inn chapel, Holborn. 69. Trinity almshouse chapel, Mile end. 70. Vintners almshouse chapel, Mile end. 71. Whitechapel prison chapel. 72. Whitington’s college chapel, College hill. 73. Wheeler’s chapel, Spitalfields. 74. Wood street Compter chapel, Wood-street.

French Chapels. 1. Black Eagle street chapel, Spitalfields. 2. Berwick street chapel, Old Soho. 3. Brown’s lane chapel, Spitalfields. 4. Castle street chapel Green street. 5. Crispin’s street chapel, Spitalfields. 6. Friery chapel, Pallmall. 7. Hog lane chapel, Soho. 8. Little Chapel street chapel, Old Soho. 9. Little Rider’s court chapel, Little Newport street. 10. Mary le Bon chapel, St. Mary le Bon. 11. Milk alley chapel, Wapping. 12. Orange street chapel, Hedge lane. 13. Petticoat lane chapel. 14. St. John’s street chapel, Swanfields, Shoreditch. 15. St. Martin’s lane chapel, Canon street. E. 16. Savoy chapel, in the Savoy. E. 17. Slaughter’s street chapel, Swanfields, Shoreditch. 18. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 19. Threadneedle street chapel. E. 20. Three crown court chapel, Spitalfields. 21. West street chapel, Soho.

German, Dutch and other Chapels. 1. Danish chapel, Well close square. 2. Dutch chapel, St. Augustine Friars. 3. and in the Savoy. 4. German chapel, in St. James’s Palace. E. 5. and in the Savoy. E. 6. German chapel, in Trinity lane. E. 7. Swedish chapel, Prince’s square, Ratcliff highway.

The chapels of the French, Dutch, and Germans, might perhaps with greater propriety be placed among the meeting houses of the Protestant dissenters, except those mark’d with an E, which properly belong to those of the established religion; the Common Prayer being read in French or German, and worship performed nearly in the same manner as in the national church.

Popish Chapels of Foreign Ministers. 1. French Ambassador’s in Greek street. 2. Imperial Ambassador’s, Hanover square. 3. Portuguese Ambassador’s, in Golden square. 4. Sardinian Ambassador’s, Lincoln’s Inn fields. 5. Venetian Ambassador’s, Suffolk street.

Chapel alley, 1. near Oxford street.☐ 2. Long Acre.☐

Chapel court, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Gilbert street, Bloomsbury.☐ 3. Henrietta street, Cavendish square.☐ 4. Lincoln’s Inn.☐

Chapel passage, Gray’s Inn.☐

Chapel street, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Broad Way, Westminster.☐ 3. Long Acre.☐ 4. Red Lion street, Holborn.☐ 5. Wardour street.☐

Chapman’s court, George street, Tothill side.☐

Chapman’s rents, Barnaby street.☐

Chapman’s yard, Goodman’s fields.☐

Chapter House, on the north side of St. Paul’s church yard. This is a handsome building, belonging to St. Paul’s, in which the Convocation of the province of Canterbury sat to consult about ecclesiastical affairs, and to form canons for the government of the church: but tho’ the upper and lower house are called by the King’s writ at every session of parliament, they are now constantly prorogued, and dismissed by his Majesty’s authority.

Chapter House court, St. Paul’s church yard.☐

Charing Cross, opposite the west end of the Strand, is so denominated from a village called Charing, in which Edward I. caused a magnificent cross to be erected in commemoration of his beloved Queen Eleanor, part of which continued till the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. when it was entirely destroyed by the populace, as a monument of popish superstition. Stow. However, after the restoration an equestrian statue of King Charles I. was erected on the spot where this cross stood, which is still, tho’ very improperly, called Charing Cross. This statue has the advantage of being well placed; the pedestal is finely elevated, and the horse full of fire and spirit; but the man is not perhaps equally well executed: so that upon the whole it can neither be generally condemned, nor universally admired.[^[2]] Its situation is shewn in the view of Northumberland House.

[2]. It is said that Oliver Cromwell after King Charles I. was beheaded, ordered this statue to be taken down and sold to a founder to melt, but that a royalist contrived to get it, and kept it concealed till the restoration, when it was again set up.

Charing Cross court, Charing Cross.

Charing Cross yard, Forest street, Lambeth.

Charitable Corporation Office, Spring Garden, Charing Cross. This Society was incorporated by Queen Anne in the year 1708, for the relief of the industrious poor, by assisting them with small sums, lent upon pledges at legal interest. For this purpose the corporation were impowered to raise a fund not less than 20, nor more than 30,000l. but this sum being afterwards increased by additional grants to 600,000l. was, instead of being employed to the mutual advantage of the poor, and of the proprietors, villainously embezzled by the company’s cashier, warehouse keeper, and others, the two former of whom fled to France to shelter themselves from justice. Upon this the proprietors applied to parliament, and had a lottery granted for their relief; while those who had fled were invited to return and produce the books and effects of the corporation; and on their not complying were declared felons.

This corporation were by their charter enjoined not to interfere with the Bank of England by discounting of bills; nor to trade in any other business but that of lending money upon pledges, which they were to advance upon legal interest, and a reasonable allowance for charges. Their affairs were under the direction of a committee of seven of the proprietors, three or more of whom constituted a court, impowered to make by-laws for the better government of the company, and to appoint their cashier, warehouse keepers, accomptant, clerks, &c.

During the prosperity of this corporation they had two offices, one in Spring Garden, and the other on Laurence Poulteney’s hill; but their misfortunes occasioned that in the city to be laid aside.

Charity alley, near St. Thomas street Southwark.

Charity court, Aldersgate street.

Charles court, 1. Bartholomew close. 2. Near Hungerford market. 3. In the Strand.

Charles’s rents, St. George’s fields.

Charles’s square, a small neat square near Pitfield street, Hoxton: a grass plat in the area is surrounded with wooden rails, and a row of trees on each side, all cut in the manner of a cone, or sugar loaf. The houses, which take up only two sides and a part of a third, are handsome buildings; and the rest of the square is separated from the neighbouring gardens by rows of pales.

Charles street, 1. Black Friars. 2. Bridgewater gardens. 3. Covent garden. 4. St. James’s square. 5. Grosvenor square. 6. King’s street, Westminster. 7. Long Acre. 8. Old Gravel lane. 9. Oxford street. 10. Pitfield street, Hoxton. 11. Russel street, Covent garden. 12. Westminster.

Charlton, a pleasant well-built village in Kent, on the edge of Blackheath; famous for a very disorderly fair held in its neighbourhood, on St. Luke’s day, when the mob who wear horns on their heads, take all kinds of liberties, and the lewd and vulgar among the women give a loose to all manner of indecency. This is called Horn Fair, and there are sold at it, Rams horns, horn toys and wares of all sorts. Of this fair a vulgar tradition gives the following origin: King John having a palace at Eltham, in this neighbourhood, and being hunting near Charlton, then a mean hamlet, was separated from his attendants, when entering a cottage he admired the beauty of the mistress, whom he found alone, and debauched her; her husband, however, suddenly returning, caught them in the fact, and threatening to kill them both, the King was forced to discover himself, and to purchase his safety with gold, besides which he gave him all the land, from thence as far as the place now called Cuckold’s Point, and also bestowing on him the whole hamlet, established a fair, as a condition of his holding his new demesne, in which horns were both to be sold and worn. A sermon is preached on the fair day in the church, which is one of the handsomest in the county, and was repaired by Sir Edward Newton, Bart. to whom King James I. granted this manor. This gentleman built his house at the entrance of the village: it is a long Gothic structure, with four turrets on the top; it has a spacious court yard in the front, with two large Gothic piers to the gates, and on the outside of the wall is a long row of some of the oldest cypress trees in England. Behind the house are large gardens, and beyond these a small park which joins to Woolwich common. This house now belongs to the Earl of Egmont.

On the edge of the hill, and at a small distance from the church, are two fine houses, one of which was in the possession of the late Governor Hunter, and the other was erected by the late Lord Romney. The gardens being on the side of the hill, slope down towards the river, and render the prospect very delightful in summer, from the extensive view they afford of the country, and of the great number of ships that are generally sailing by every tide: but being fully exposed to the north wind, the fruit trees are generally blighted; and in winter time the air is said to be made unwholesome by the water which frequently overflows the neighbouring plains.

Charterhouse. This edifice was originally a religious foundation. In the year 1349 a terrible pestilence swept off more than half the inhabitants of London; and the church yards being unable to contain the dead, Sir Walter Manny, Bart. a foreign gentleman, who had been honoured with the order of the Garter by King Edward III. for his bravery in the field, purchased for a burial ground a spot of thirteen acres, where the Charterhouse now stands, and 50,000 persons are said to have been buried there in the space of that year.

The following year that public benefactor built a chapel upon the spot, according to the religion of those times, for prayers to be said for the souls of all who had been interred there, and afterwards founded a monastery of the Carthusians in the same place. This monastery, by the corruption of the word Cartreux, by which the French mean a Carthusian house, obtained the name of Charterhouse.

This monastery being dissolved at the reformation, at length fell to the Earl of Suffolk, who disposed of it to Thomas Sutton, Esq; a citizen of London, for 13,000l. The latter then applied to King James I. for a patent for his intended charitable foundation, which was readily granted in the year 1611, and confirmed by parliament in 1628. The expence of fitting up the house for the reception of his pensioners and scholars amounted to 7000l. which added to the purchase money, made 20,000l. But this was not all, he endowed his hospital and school with fifteen manors, and other lands, to the value of above 4490l. per annum. And the estate is at present improved to above 6000l. a year.

In this house are maintained eighty pensioners, who, according to the institution are gentlemen, merchants, or soldiers, who are fallen into misfortunes. These are provided with handsome apartments, and all the necessaries of life, except cloaths, instead of which each of them is allowed a gown, and 7l. per annum.

There are also forty-four boys supported in the house, where they have handsome lodgings, and are instructed in classical learning, &c. Besides these, there are twenty-nine students at the universities, who have each an allowance of 20l. per annum for the term of eight years. Others who are judged more fit for trades, are put out apprentices, and the sum of 40l. is given with each of them. As a farther encouragement to the scholars brought up on this foundation, there are nine ecclesiastical preferments in the patronage of the Governors, who, according to the constitution of the hospital, are to confer them upon those who were educated there.

The pensioners and youths are taken in at the recommendation of the Governors, who appoint in rotation. Maitland.

The buildings, which are extremely rude and irregular, have nothing but their convenience and situation to recommend them. The rooms are well disposed, and the square in the front is very neat, and kept in as good order as most in town. This square and the large gardens behind, give a free air, and at one and the same time contribute both to health and pleasure.

Charterhouse lane, Charterhouse square.☐

Charterhouse square, near West Smithfield.☐

Charterhouse street, Long lane, West Smithfield.☐

Cheapside, 1. From St. Paul’s church yard to the Poultry. It derives its name from there being a market there, or in the Saxon language a Cheap. In the year 1331, only the south side of this street Was built, and there being a great opening on the other side King Edward III. held jousts or tournaments there for three days together. Maitland. It is a spacious street, adorned with lofty buildings, inhabited by goldsmiths, linendrapers, haberdashers, &c. extending from Paternoster row to the Poultry. 2. There is another street called Cheapside in the Mint, Southwark.

Cheap Ward, is situated in the very center of the city; it being bounded on the north by Cripplegate ward, Bassishaw ward, and Coleman street ward; on the west by Queenhithe ward, and Cripplegate ward; on the south by Cordwainers ward; and on the east by Broad street ward, and Wallbrook ward: it takes its name from the Saxon word Chepe, a market, there being one kept in this division of the city. This market was from its situation known by the name of West Cheap, to distinguish it from the market, between Candlewick street, and Tower street, called East Cheap.

The principal streets in this ward are, Bucklersbury, the north side of Pancras lane, part of Queen street, the Poultry, the south end of the Old Jewry, Ironmonger lane, King street, Laurence lane, the east end of Cheapside, as far as to the midway between the paved passage into Honey lane market and Milk street, and part of Cateaton street.

The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Mildred in the Poultry, and St. Mary’s Colechurch; Guildhall, Mercer’s hall, or Chapel, and Grocer’s hall, with the Poultry Compter.

This ward has an Alderman, and his Deputy, eleven other Common Council men, twelve wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, eleven constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest, serve in the courts in Guildhall in the month of February.

Chelsea, a very large and populous village, two miles from London, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames almost opposite to Battersea. Here is the physic garden belonging to the company of Apothecaries of London, a particular account of which the reader may find in the article relating to that company. Sir Robert Walpole, the late Earl of Orford, had here for some time a house adorned with a noble collection of pictures, which was afterwards removed to Houghton-hall in Norfolk, and is now thought the finest collection in England[^[3]]. There are several other private buildings worthy of the observation of the curious. I. At this place is the house and fine gardens that belonged to the late Earl of Ranelagh. See Ranelagh Gardens. Salter’s coffee house here is well known, being much frequented on account of the great number of natural curiosities to be seen there.

[3]. See an account lately published, entitled Ædes Walpolianæ.

Chelsea Hospital, a noble edifice erected for the invalids in the land servive. The original building on this spot was a college founded by Dr. Sutkliff, Dean of Exeter, in the reign of King James I. for the study of Polemic divinity, and was endowed in order to support a Provost and Fellows, for the instruction of youth in that branch of learning. The King, who laid the first stone, gave many of the materials, and promoted the work by a large sum of money, and the clergy were very liberal upon the same occasion; but the sum settled upon the foundation by Dr. Sutkliff being far unequal to the end proposed, the rest was left to private contributions; and these coming in slowly, the work was stopped before it was finished, and therefore soon fell to ruin. At length the ground on which the old college was erected, becoming escheated to the crown, Charles II. began to erect the present hospital, which was carried on by James II. and completed by William and Mary.

The whole edifice, which was built by the great Sir Christopher Wren, consists of a vast range of buildings. The front toward the north opens into a piece of ground laid out in walks for the pensioners; and that facing the south, into a garden which extends to the Thames, and is kept in good order. This side affords not only a view of that fine river, but of the county of Surry beyond it. In the center of this edifice is a pediment supported by four columns, over which is a handsome turret, and through this part is an opening which leads through the building. On one side of this entrance is the chapel, the furniture and plate of which was given by K. James I. and on the other side is the hall, where all the pensioners dine in common, the officers by themselves. In this hall is the picture of King Charles II. on horseback, with several other pieces as big as the life, designed by Signior Vario, and finished by Mr. Cook. These were presented by the Earl of Ranelagh. The pavement of both the chapel and hall are black and white marble. The altar piece in the chapel is the resurrection, painted by Sebastian Ricci.

The wings, which extend east and west, join the chapel and hall to the north, and are open towards the Thames, on the south; these are near 360 feet in length, and about 80 in breadth, they are three stories high, and the rooms are so well disposed, and the air so happily thrown in by means of the open spaces, that nothing can be more pleasant. On the front of this square is a colonade extending along the side of the hall and chapel, over which upon the cornice is the following inscription in capitals.

In subsidium et levamen emeritorum senio, belloque fractorum, condidit Carolus II. Auxit Jacobus II. Perfecere Gulielmus et Maria, Rex et Regina, MDCXC.

And in the midst of the quadrangle is the statue of King Charles II. in the ancient Roman dress, somewhat bigger than the life, standing upon a marble pedestal. This was given by Mr. Tobias Rustat, and is said to have cost 500l.

North Front of Chelsea Hospital.

South Front of the Same.
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.

There are several other buildings adjoining, that form two other large squares, and consist of apartments for the officers and servants of the house; for old maimed officers of horse and foot, and the infirmary for the sick. None of these are shewn in the two views we have given, which only represent the two principal fronts of the hospital.

An air of neatness and elegance is observable in all these buildings. They are composed of brick and stone, and which way soever they are viewed, there appears such a disposition of the parts as is best suited to the purposes of the charity, the reception of a great number, and the providing them with every thing that can contribute to the convenience and pleasure of the pensioners.

Chelsea Hospital is more particularly remarkable for its great regularity and proper subordination of parts, which is very apparent in the north front. The middle is very principal, and the transition from thence to the extremities, is very easy and delightful.

The expence of erecting these buildings is computed to amount to 150,000l. and the extent of the ground is above forty acres.

In the wings are sixteen wards, in which are accommodations for above 400 men, and there are besides in the other buildings, a considerable number of apartments for officers and servants.

These pensioners consist of superannuated veterans, who have been at least twenty years in the army; or those soldiers who are disabled in the service of the crown. They wear red coats lined with blue, and are provided with all other cloaths, diet, washing, and lodging. The Governor has 500l. a year; the Lieutenant Governor 250l. and the Major 150l. Thirty-six officers are allowed 6d. a day; thirty-four light horsemen, and thirty serjeants, have 2s. a week each; forty-eight corporals and drums have 10d. per week; and three hundred and thirty-six private men, are each allowed 8d. a week. As the house is called a garrison, all the members are obliged to do duty in their respective turns; and they have prayers twice a day in the chapel, performed by two chaplains, who have each a salary of 100l. a year. The physician, secretary, comptroller, deputy treasurer, steward, and surgeon, have also each 100l. per annum, and many other officers have considerable salaries. As to the out-pensioners, who amount to between eight and nine thousand, they have each 7l. 12s. 6d. a year.

These great expences are supported by a poundage deduced out of the pay of the army, with one day’s pay once a year from each officer and common soldier; and when there is any deficiency, it is supplied by a sum raised by parliament. This hospital is governed by the following commissioners; the President of the council, the first Commissioner of the treasury, the Principal Secretary of state, the Pay master general of the forces, the Secretary at war, the Comptrollers of the army, and by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the hospital.

Chelsea Water-works, are under the management of a society incorporated by act of parliament in the year 1722, by the name of The Governor and Company of the Chelsea Water-works. They have a common seal, and power to purchase lands, &c. in mortmain to the value of 1000l. per annum, with a right to alienate and dispose of the same as they shall think proper. These works are divided into two thousand shares. The company’s affairs are managed by a Governor, Deputy Governor, and thirteen Directors.

Chelton court, Bedfordbury.

Cheney’s alley, Shoreditch.†

Cheney’s wharf, Lower Shadwell.†

Chequer alley, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Great Old Bailey.* 3. Old Bethlem. 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Chequer court, 1. Charing Cross.* 2. Catharine’s lane.* 3. Golden lane.*

Chequer yard, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Dowgate hill.* 3. Golden lane. 4. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 5. Old street.* 6. Whitechapel.*

Cherry Garden lane, Rotherhith.‡

Cherry Garden stairs, Rotherhith.‡

Cherry Garden street, Rotherhith Wall.‡

Cherry Tree alley, 1. Bunhill row.‡ 2. Golden lane.‡ 3. Ship street.‡ 4. Whitecross street.‡

Cherry Tree Alley School, was founded by Mr. William Worral in Cherry Tree alley, Golden lane, in the year 1689, and endowed by him with the annual revenue of 30l. for educating and cloathing forty boys, whose livery is an orange colour, in commemoration of the revolution by the Prince of Orange in 1688.

Cherry Tree corner, Horseferry.

Cherry Tree court, 1. Aldersgate street. 2. Gardiner’s lane. 3. Piccadilly. 4. Cherubin court, Angel alley. 5. White’s alley.

Chertsey, a town in Surry, nineteen miles from London, carries on a considerable trade in malt, which is sent in barges to London. Here was once an abbey, in which was deposited the corpse of Henry VI. who was stabbed in the Tower, but his body was afterwards removed by Henry VII. to Windsor. Out of the ruins of this abbey Sir Henry Carew, master of the buckhounds to King Charles II. built a very fine house. To this village Cowley, the Poet, retired after being weary of attending on the court, and there ended his days. Here is a bridge over the Thames to Shepperton, and a handsome free-school erected by Sir William Perkins, who had a seat here.

Chesham, a market town in Buckinghamshire, situated on the borders of Hertfordshire, twenty-nine miles from London. It had formerly a chantry, and has now a charity school.

Cheshire’s rents, 1. Fleet lane, by the Fleet market.† 2. Shipwright’s street, Rotherhith.†

Cheshunt, with its park and wash, are situated about fifteen miles from London near the river Lea in Hertfordshire. Here was formerly a convent of nuns; and King Edward III. gave Cheshunt the privilege of a market, which has been long discontinued.

L^d. Egremont’s

Chesterfield House.
S. Wale del. B. Green sculp.

Chesterfield House, in May fair, a very elegant structure, built by the Nobleman from whom it derives its name. The stone colonades leading from the house to the wings on each side are very beautiful. The print exhibits the body of the house with part of the colonade, but the wings are hid by the intervening houses. This view was taken from the end next Hyde Park, of the street which is opposite the great gate which leads to the house.

Chester’s key, Thames street.†

Cheswick. See Chiswick.

Chever’s court, Limehouse.†

Cheyney, near Flounden in Buckinghamshire, formerly belonged to the Cheyneys, but has been the manor and seat of the Russels, now Dukes of Bedford, for about 200 years.

Chichester rents, Chancery lane, from the Bishop of Chichester’s house near it. Maitland.

Chick lane, West Smithfield.

Chidley’s court, Pall mall.†pm od Chigwell, a village in Essex, situated between Waltham Abbey and Rumford. The rectory and parish church are united to the prebend of St. Pancras in St. Paul’s cathedral. Here is a charity school; and at a small distance are two hamlets named Chigwell-Dews and Chigwell-Row.

Chigwell hill, Ratcliff highway.

Chigwell street, Ratcliff highway.

Chile’s court, 1. Eagle court, Strand.† 2. In the Strand.†

Chimney alley, Coleman street.

Chimney-Sweepers alley, Barnaby street.

Chingford, a village in Essex, near Woodford, and not far from Epping Forest, so agreeably situated for privacy and retirement, that the remotest distance from the metropolis can hardly exceed it. The church, which was erected in the reign of King Richard II. is a neat little building dedicated to St. Peter and Paul.

Chipping Ongar, a town in Essex, twenty miles from London, was formerly the manor of Richard Lacy, who being Protector of England, while Henry II. was absent in Normandy, he built a church and a castle here with other fortifications, the remains of which are still to be seen.

Chislehurst, a town near Bromley, in Kent, where the family of the Walsinghams resided for several generations; and are interred in the church. Here Mr. Camden composed the principal part of his annals of Queen Elizabeth.

Chiswick, in Middlesex, situated on the Thames on the south-west side of Hammersmith. Here are two manors, one belonging to the Prebendary of Cheswick in St. Paul’s cathedral, and the other call’d the Dean’s manor, from its belonging to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. In this village there is a charity school, and it is adorned with several elegant seats, as the Earl of Shrewsbury’s, the Earl of Grantham’s now Col. Elliot’s, the late Lord Wilmington’s, &c. But the most remarkable of the kind is the late Earl of Burlington’s, which was a plain, commodious building, with good offices about it; but a part of the old edifice being some years ago destroyed by fire, his Lordship erected near it a beautiful villa, which, for elegance of taste, surpasses every thing of its kind in England. The court in the front, which is of a proportionable size with the building, is gravelled and constantly kept very neat. On each side are yew hedges in panels, with Termini placed at a proper distance; and in the front of these hedges, are two rows of Cedars of Libanus, which, at a small distance have a fine effect, the dark shade of these solemn ever-greens affording a pleasing contrast to the whiteness of the elegant building that appears between them, the view of which from the road surprizes you in a most agreeable manner.

The ascent to the house is by a noble flight of steps, on one side of which is the statue of Palladio, and on the other that of Inigo Jones. The portico is supported by six fine fluted columns of the Corinthian order, with a pediment very elegant, and the cornice, frize and architrave, as rich as possible. This magnificent front strikes all who behold it with an uncommon pleasure and surprize.

The octagonal saloon finishing at top in a dome, through which it is enlightened, is also very elegant. The other rooms are extremely beautiful, and are finely furnished with pictures of the great masters; an account of which is here annexed. It were to be wished this house had been built to a larger scale, that the grandeur might have equalled the elegance.

Though the other front towards the garden is plainer, yet it is in a very bold, noble and masterly stile, and has at the same time a pleasing simplicity, as hath also the side front towards the serpentine river, which is different from the two others. In making the drawing of this house, it was viewed by the angle, by which means the print here given of it, shews it more perfectly than if only the principal front had been given. The inside of this structure is finished with the utmost elegance; the ceilings are richly gilt and painted, and the rooms adorned with some of the best pictures in Europe. In the gardens, which are very beautiful, the vistos are terminated by a temple, obelisk, or some such ornament, which produce a most agreeable effect.

The gardens are laid out in the finest taste: on descending from the back part of the house you enter a verdant lawn planted with clumps of ever-greens, between which are two rows of large stone vases. At the ends next the house are two wolves in stone, done by the celebrated Scheemaker, the statuary; at the farther end are two large lions, and the view is terminated by three fine antique statues, dug up in Adrian’s garden at Rome, with stone seats between them, and behind a close plantation of ever-greens.

On turning to the house on the right hand, an open grove of forest trees affords a view of the orangery, which is seen as perfectly as if the trees were planted on the lawn; and when the orange trees are in flower, their fragrance is diffused over the whole lawn to the house. These are separated from the lawn by a fossee, to secure them from being injured by the persons admitted to walk in the garden.

On leaving the house to the left, an easy slope covered with short grass leads down to the serpentine river, on the side whereof are clumps of ever-greens, with agreeable breaks, between which the water is seen; and at the farther end is an opening into an inclosure, where are a Roman temple, and an obelisk, with grass slopes, and in the middle a circular piece of water.

From hence you are led to the wilderness, through which are three strait avenues terminated by three different edifices; and within the quarters are serpentine walks, through which you may ramble near a mile in the shade. On each side the serpentine river, are verdant walks, which accompany the river in all its turnings. On the right hand of this river is a building that is the exact model of the portico of the church of Covent garden, on the left is a wilderness laid out in regular walks, and in the middle is a Palladian wooden bridge over the river.

With the earth dug from the bed of this river, his Lordship has raised a terrace, that affords a prospect of the adjacent country; which, when the tide is up, is greatly enlivened by the view of the boats and barges passing along the river Thames.

Chiswick House.
S. Wale delin. B. Green sc. Oxon.

Pictures, &c. in the new house at Chiswick.

In the Portico.

Augustus, a busto.

Saloon.

Lord Burlington and three of his sisters, Elizabeth, Juliana, and Jane, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Rape of Proserpine, Sconians.

Anne of Austria, Frederick Elde.

Morocco Ambassador in the reign of Charles II. figure by Sir Godf. Kneller; the back ground and horse, by Wyke.

King Charles, his Queen, and two children, Vandyke.

Judgment of Paris, Cav. Daniele.

Lewis XIII. Fred. Elde.

Apollo and Daphne, Cav. Daniele.

Bustos.

Antinous. Lucius Antinous.

A Bacchanalian.

Socrates.

Faustina.

Britannicus.

Plautilla.

Antoninus.

Apollo.

Bust unknown.

Domitian.

Adrian.

Red Velvet Room.

Madonna della Rosa, by Domenichino.

Noah sacrificing, Carlo Maratti.

Painting and designing, Guido Rheni.

The holy family, Carlo Maratti.

King Charles I. Cornelius Johnson.

Pope Innocent IX. Diego Velasques.

St. Gregorio, Cavidoni.

Pope Clement IX. Carlo Maratti.

The holy family, Giacinto Brandi.

The holy family, Salviati.

Duchess of Somerset, Vandyke.

Bacchus and Ariadne, Sebastiano Ricci.

A woman, school of Rubens.

Three statues, chiaro oscuro, Nic. Poussin.

A man, school of Rubens.

Venus and Cupid, Seb. Ricci.

St. John in the wilderness, Franc. Mola.

A portrait, Langians.

First Countess of Burlington, Vandyke.

Cardinal Baronius, Frederico Barocci.

A portrait, Rembrandt.

Mr. Killegrew, Vandyke.

First Earl of Burlington, Vandyke.

Salmasis and Hermaphroditus, Francisco Albano.

The holy family, Andrea del Sarto.

Mary Queen of Scotland, Fred. Zucchero.

The holy family, Pietro da Cortona.

The procession of the Dogesse, Paolo Veronese.

Bronzes.

A young Hercules.

Three pictures of incense lamps, Benvenuto Celini.

Blue Velvet Room.

A chymist’s shop, by David Teniers.

A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.

A landscape and figures, Gaspar Poussin.

A Magdalen’s head, Guido Rheni.

A landscape with figures hawking, Wouwerman.

A landscape and figures, Franc. Mola.

A landscape and figures, Gasp. Poussin.

A march, Bourgognone.

The passage of the Red sea, ditto.

The Jesuits church at Antwerp, Geringh.

A landscape and figures, Bott.

A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.

A landscape, ditto.

A landscape with horsemen, Vander Meulen.

A landscape, Bott.

Lord Sandwich in a round, Sir Pet. Lely.

A woman frying fritters, Schalcken.

The holy family, Carlo Maratti.

A tent, Wouwerman.

A landscape with fishermen, Phill. Laura.

The flight into Egypt, Nicolo Poussin.

A ferry boat and cattle, Berchem.

A woman feeding children, Schalcken.

The holy family, Andrea Sacchi.

Ditto, Camillo Procacini.

Inigo Jones in a round, Dobson.

Red closet next the blue room.

Lot and his two daughters, Rottenhammer.

A landscape and ruins, Viviano, the figures by Mich. Angelo.

Jupiter and Io, Francesco Imperiali.

Spanish lady, D. Velasques.

Fishermen, Rubens.

The Presentation, Giuseppe Chiari.

A man hawking, Inigo Jones.

A sea-port, Marco Ricci.

A landscape, Velvet Brughel.

A Flora, Francesco Albano.

Temptation of St. Antonio, Annibale Carracci.

A landscape, Patel.

Lady Dorothy Boyle, Lady Burlington.

A landscape, Velvet Brughel.

The holy family, Sebastian Bourdon.

The inside of a church, Perino del Vaga.

A sea piece, Vandervelde.

A landscape, Marco Ricci.

Christ in the garden.

The holy family, Schidoni.

A crucifixion of a saint, Seb. Bourdon.

A landscape, Rysdal.

The holy family, Denis Calvert.

The Samaritan woman, Paolo Veronese.

A boy’s head, Holbein.

Cleopatra, Leonardo da Vinci.

A landscape, Swanevelt.

The holy family, Passari.

Earl of Essex.

A portrait, Fran. Hals.

Inside of a church, Vandyke.

A landscape, Gaspar Poussin.

A man and vases, Benedetto Castiglione.

A landscape, Francisque Meli.

Green Velvet room.

Mars and Venus, Albano.

Acis and Galatea, Luca Giordano.

Constantine’s arch, Gio. Paolo Panini.

Romulus and Remus, Pietro da Cortona.

A woman bathing, Rousseau.

Mr. Rogers, Vandyke.

Our Saviour in the garden, Guercino.

A man half length with a dog, Dobson.

Rembrant in his painting room, Gerrard Dow.

Ruins, Viviano.

A view of Florence, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

Diana and Endymion, Sebastiano Ricci.

Flowers by Baptiste the boy, Seb. Ricci.

Ponte Rotto, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

The holy family, Francesco Mola.

A landscape, Mons. Verton.

Buildings, Rousseau.

A Magdalen, Carlo Maratti from Guido.

A man half length, Rembrant.

A Madona and St. Catharine, Pietro da Cortona.

The Jews scourging our Saviour, Giacomo Bassano.

Piazza del Popolo, Gasparo degli Occhiale.

A landscape with fishermen, Salvator Rosa.

Belisarius, Vandyke.

Earl of Pembroke and his sister, Vandyke.

Bed chamber.

Earl of Cumberland in a round.

Mr. Pope in a round, Kent.

Lady Burlington in a round, Aikman.

Gallery.

Susanna and P. Veronese.

* * * * Bassan.

* * * * Ditto.

Landscapes.

Ditto.

Ditto.

Middle of the ceiling, Paolo Veronese.

Two statues, Guelphi.

Two ditto, Scheemaker.

Two little heads, Guelphi.

Two porphyry vases, from Rome.

Closet within the bed chamber.

Lord Clifford and his family, painted in 1444 by John Van Eyk, called John of Bruges.

A woman in a hat, Blomaert.

Lady Dorothy Boyle, in crayons, Lady Burlington.

Henry IV. of France, Mosaick.

A head, a sketch, Vandyke.

Ditto, ditto.

Flowers upon glass, Baptiste.

A woman selling fish and herbs.

Hagar and the angel.

A boy’s head.

A man’s head.

A woman combing her head.

A satyr whipping a woman.

A head, Holbein.

A Venus sleeping.

Dutch figures.

A man reading.

The ascension, Albano.

The new dining room.

Twelfth night, Jordans.

The finding of Moses, Seb. Ricci.

Jephtha, Seb. Ricci.

Good Samaritan, Giacomo Bassan.

A flower piece, Baptiste.

Ditto, ditto.

Ditto, ditto.

A portrait, Rubens.

Ditto, unknown.

Buildings and cattle, Wenix.

First Lady Halifax, Sir Peter Lely.

The marriage of Cupid, &c. Andrea Schiavone.

A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.

Mars and Venus, Le Fevre.

A landscape, Gio. Franceso Bolognese.

A Madona, Parmegiano.

Woman taken in adultery, Allesandro Veronese.

Liberality and Modesty, Guido, after

Chiswell street, near the Artillery ground, Moorfields.†

Chitterling alley, Beer lane, Tower street.

Chiver’s court, Nightingale lane, in Limehouse, Fore street.‡

Choirister’s rents, near the Almonry.

Cholmondeley’s Almshouse, in Church entry, Black Friars, was founded by the Lady Cholmondeley for three poor women, each of whom receives 2s. a week.

Christopher’s alley, 1. in the Borough. 2. Lombard street. 3. St. Martin’s le Grand. 4. Middle turning, Shadwell. 5. Upper Moorfields.

St. Christopher’s alley, St. Christopher’s court, Threadneedle street.☐

St. Christopher’s Church, by the Bank of England in Threadneedle street, is dedicated to a Jewish convert and martyr, named before his conversion Reprobus, but having, it is pretended, carried our Saviour over a river, was thence named Christopher. Mention is made of a church in this place so early as the year 1368. The present edifice suffered greatly by the fire of London; but not so much as to occasion its being rebuilt, and therefore being thoroughly repaired, it continues on the ancient foot. The body is well enlightened, and the tower is crowned with four handsome pinacles. It is a very plain edifice, and indeed had it been ever so well ornamented, it could not, in its present situation, have been seen to advantage.

This church is a rectory, the patronage of which has been for above three hundred years in the Bishop of London. The Rector, besides other considerable advantages, receives 120l. a year in lieu of tithes.

Christopher’s court, 1. Cartwright street. 2. Rosemary lane.

St. Christopher’s court, Threadneedle street.

Christopher’s Inn yard, 1. Barnaby street. 2. St. Margaret’s hill.*

Christ’s Church, Church street, Spitalfields. The district in which this edifice stands was till lately considered as a hamlet in the parish of Stepney: but the kind reception given to the persecuted French protestants, greatly increased the number of the inhabitants of this spot, and these refugees bringing the silk manufacture along with them, soon brought affluence to the place, and with it a multitude of new inhabitants. Hence this was constituted a distinct parish from Stepney in the year 1728, and one of the fifty new churches was ordered to be built here. The foundation was laid in 1723, and it was finished in four years.

The body of this church is solid and well proportioned; it is ornamented with a Doric portico, to which there is a handsome ascent by a flight of steps; and upon these the Doric order arises supported on pedestals. The tower over these rises with arched windows and niches, and on its diminishing for the steeple, is supported by the heads of the under corners, which form a kind of buttresses: from this part rises the base of the spire, with an arcade; its corners are in the same manner supported with a kind of pyramidal buttresses ending in a point, and the spire is terminated by a vase and fane. This is the character given of this edifice in the English Architect: who asserts that solidity without weight is its character, and that though this structure is not without faults, yet it is worthy of great praise; it being singular, and built for ages. It has however been severely censured by the author of The Critical Review of Buildings, who says that it is one of the most absurd piles in Europe.

This church is made a rectory, but is not to be held in commendam. For the maintenance of the Rector and his successors the Parliament granted the sum of 3000l. to be laid out in the purchase of lands and tenements in fee simple: besides which provision the Churchwardens are by that act appointed to pay him annually the sum of 125l. to be raised by burial fees. Maitland.

Christ’s Church, in Bennet street, Southwark, is a regular and well-constructed building, erected with little expence, since the year 1737, when the foundation of the old church gave way. It consists of a plain body enlightened by two ranges of windows, and a square tower with a turret.

This church is a rectory, the patronage is in the heirs and assigns of John Marshal of the Borough of Southwark, Gent. who caused the old church to be built, by leaving, in the year 1627, the sum of 700l. for that purpose, with an estate of 60l. a year towards the maintenance of a Minister, and the inhabitants applying to parliament in 1670, it was made a distinct parish independent of that of St. Saviour’s.

Christ’s Church, behind the northern row of houses in Newgate street. This is a vicarage, or impropriation, and the right of advowson is in the Governors of St. Bartholomew’s hospital. The old spacious church being consumed by the fire of London, this edifice was erected in its room, and by an act of parliament constituted the place of public worship, both for this parish and that of St. Leonard’s Foster lane.

This church is a plain edifice, neatly ornamented on the inside; it has a square tower of a considerable height, crowned with a light and handsome turret, which is so concealed by the houses, that it can scarce any where be seen to advantage. The Incumbent receives 200l. per annum in lieu of tithes.

Christ’s Hospital, for the education and support of the fatherless children of freemen, is an establishment of considerable antiquity; for Henry VIII. in the last year of his reign gave the city both the priory of St. Bartholomew’s, and the convent of Gray Friars, which anciently belonged to that priory, for the relief of the poor. He also in the same year founded two churches out of these religious houses, the one to be called Christ Church, out of the Gray Friars, and the other Little St. Bartholomew’s, out of the hospital of that name. By the above grant the city was obliged to establish here a settled and regular provision for the poor, which was not done till some years after, when King Edward VI. being extremely moved at a sermon preached by Bishop Ridley, wherein that good Prelate expatiated on the obligations of the rich to assist the poor and miserable, his Majesty expressed his hearty desire to concur in promoting so laudable a work, and by the Bishop’s advice, immediately caused a letter to be wrote to the Lord Mayor, to obtain his assistance; and this letter his Majesty signed with his own hand, and sealed with his signet. The good Bishop, who, by the young King’s desire, stayed till the letter was finished, was the messenger dispatched on this important business. The chief Magistrate was pleased with the honour done the city, and after several consultations with the Aldermen and Common Council, several charitable plans were formed for the carrying on of this and other charities; and while the diseased were provided for at St. Thomas’s, and the idle at Bridewell, it was resolved that the young and helpless should be educated at Christ Church.

This being reported to the King, his Majesty voluntarily incorporated the Governors of these houses by the title of The Mayor, Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London, Governors of the possessions, revenues and goods of the hospitals of Edward VI., King of England, &c. as his Majesty desired to be esteemed their chief founder and patron. To promote and continue this work, he granted the city certain lands that had been given to the house of the Savoy, founded by King Henry VII. for the lodging of pilgrims and strangers, but which was now only used by vagabonds and strumpets. These lands amount to the yearly value of 600l. He also commanded, that after reserving a sufficient quantity of the linen, which had been used in the times of popish superstition, to each church within the city and suburbs of London, the remaining superfluous great quantities should be delivered to the Governors of this hospital, for the use of the poor children under their care. And one of the last actions of that good Prince’s life, was signing a licence for this corporation to purchase lands in mortmain.

In 1552 the house of the Gray Friars was prepared for the poor fatherless children, and the same year 340 were admitted. Soon after, several considerable private benefactions were left to this hospital, and at length Charles II. by a well judged liberality, founded and endowed a mathematical school for the instruction of forty boys in that study, in order to fit them for the sea, and for this purpose he ordered 1000l. a year to be paid out of the Exchequer for seven years. This institution is executed in a manner suitable to the intention of the founder. Every year ten of these boys are put out apprentices to masters of ships, and ten more are received in their room. The master is not only expected to be a good mathematician, but to understand the learned languages. Afterwards the Governors appointed forty other boys to be taught mathematics in the same manner. The other schools are a grammar school, a writing school, and a school for the girls who learn reading and needle work, and there have been lately added a master to teach the boys drawing, an art of the greatest use in many mechanical arts.

This charity is so very extensive, that there are sometimes above a thousand children supported here at a time. The youngest, for whom there is not room in the house, and who are not of an age to understand the lessons taught there, are, at the expence of the charity, sent to Hertford and Ware, where there are schools erected and masters employed at handsome salaries for that purpose. As the eldest are put out apprentices, and these grow more fit for the place, they are brought in.

The boys are cloathed in blue coats, with petticoats of the same colour, yellow stockings, and bonnets instead of hats. And on their being put out apprentice, they have 10l. given with each.

The edifice is concealed by the contiguous houses, and cannot be seen entire. It is spacious, and though built in the old manner, is not ill contrived. The principal buildings form the four sides of a large area, which have porticoes continued round them. These have Gothic arches, and the walls are supported by abutments. The front of the building is, however, more modern than the rest, and has Doric pilasters supported on pedestals.

Among the ancient buildings that still remain, is an old cloister, which was a part of the priory. This was repaired by the direction of Sir Christopher Wren, and serves both for a thoroughfare, and place of recreation for the boys, especially in rainy weather.

The writing school is, however, a neat modern edifice, built with brick and stone in the year 1694, at the end of the great hall. It was founded by Sir John Moore, one of the Aldermen of the city, and President of the house, whom it is said to have cost 5000l. It contains long writing boards sufficient for 300 boys to sit and write upon, and at the upper end of the room is Sir John’s statue in white marble.

The inner distribution of the rooms and wards is very good. There is a spacious hall built at the expence of Sir John Fenwick after the fire of London, in which the boys dine and sup. At the upper end of this room is a large picture representing King James II. sitting with his Nobles, the Governors, &c. with the half figures of King Edward VI. and Charles II. hanging as pictures in the same piece. There is also a piece representing the mathematical school done by Vario, and reckoned worth 1000l. At the other end is a large piece representing King Edward VI. delivering the charter to the Lord Mayor, who kneels, with the Aldermen behind him; the young King is accompanied by Bishop Ridley and several others, who stand about him. Here also is a fine piece of the pool of Bethesda, which is very large, and painted in a masterly stile by Mr. Hogarth. In this hall there is likewise a good organ, which plays on Sundays, when the boys sing psalms and anthems.

A great room where the Governors meet, is also adorned with the pictures of the royal founder, and of all the chief benefactors.

Christ’s-Church Hospital.
S. Wale delin. J. Taylor sc.

There are eight wards for the children’s beds; that of the girls is separated from the rest; and there is also a ward for the sick. Each of the masters have 100l. a year, and the grammar master an additional salary of 20l. for catechising the boys, and his usher has 50l. a year; in short, 12 or 1300l. a year is expended in salaries to the officers, clerks, and servants; and the sum expended for the support of the hospital, amounts to between 11 and 12,000l. a year. To defray this expence, the hospital has a great annual revenue in houses and lands; the benefit of licensing and looking after the 420 carts allowed in the city, each of which pays a certain sum for sealing. The hospital has likewise a duty of about three farthings upon every piece of cloth brought to Blackwell hall, where clerks are kept to receive it. The Governors, amount to about three hundred, and these chuse their officers and servants, both men and women, and also the President and Treasurer.

The building of this hospital is partly Gothic and partly modern, being built at various times, and has very little regularity. That part represented in the print belongs to the mathematical school, and is in Gray Friars. The niche contains a statue of Charles II. in the royal robes, which, considering the difficulty the statuary had to encounter, is a very good one. At a distance is the steeple and part of the front of the church, which was rebuilt, after being burnt down by the fire of London, by Sir Christopher Wren.

Churches. These are very numerous; and the reader may see an account of each under the names of the patrons to whom they are dedicated, as St. Alban’s, Allhallows, St. Alphage, St. Andrew’s, &c.

Church alley, 1. Basinghall street.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐ 3. Denmark street, St. Giles’s.☐ 4. Giltspur street.☐ 5. Harp alley, Shoe lane.☐ 6. St. Mary hill.☐ 7. New Rents, Compter street.☐ 8. Noble street, Foster lane.☐ 9. Old Jewry.☐ 10. Puddle dock hill.☐ 11. In the Strand.☐ 12. Thames street.☐ 13. Tooley street.☐ 14. Wapping.☐ 15. Watling street.☐ 16. Whitechapel.☐

Church court, 1. Church passage, Piccadilly.☐ 2. Clement’s lane, Canon street.☐ 3. Duke’s place.☐ 4. Little Chapel street.☐ 5. St. Margaret’s church yard.☐ 6. In the Strand.☐ 7. Church Entry, Austin Friars.☐ 8. Black Friars.☐

Church hill, Black Friars.☐

Church lane, 1. Dyot street.☐ 2. Elephant lane, Rotherhith.☐ 3. Houndsditch.☐ 4. Islington.☐ 5. Ropewalk, Limehouse.☐ 6. St. Mary Overies.☐ 7. Newington Butts.☐ 8. In the Strand.☐ 9. Near Three Cranes lane, Thames street.☐ 10. Whitechapel.☐ 11. White street, Southwark.☐ 12. Wood street, Cheapside.☐

Church passage, 1. Cloth Fair.☐ 2. Dorset street.☐ 3. Piccadilly.☐

Church row, near Aldgate.☐

Church stairs, Rotherhith.☐

Church street, 1. Bernbridge street.☐ 2. Coverlead fields.☐ 3. St. Giles’s street.☐ 4. Hackney.☐ 5. Hoxton.☐ 6. Lambeth.☐ 7. Long Acre.☐ 8. Millbank.☐ 9. Prescot street.☐ 10. Rotherhith.☐ 11. Sclater street.☐ 12. Shoreditch fields.☐ 13. Soho.☐ 14. Spitalfields.☐ 15. Stepney Causeway.☐ 16. Swan fields.☐

Church Yard alley, 1. Cartwright street.☐ 2. Chick lane.☐ 3. Fetter lane.☐ 4. Harp alley.☐ 5. Hole stairs.☐ 6. Rosemary lane.☐ 7. Rotherhith wall.☐ 8. Shoe lane.☐ 9. Thames street.☐ 10. St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.☐ 11. Tooley street.☐

Church Yard court, 1. Botolph lane.☐ 2. Inner Temple.☐

Church Yard lane, St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.☐

Chymisters alley, Bedfordbury.

Cinnamon alley, Turnmill street.

Cinnamon street, 1. Near Old Gravel lane. 2. Near Wapping dock.

Cise yard, Whitechapel.

Civet Cat alley, Bunhill row.*

Clandon. There are two towns of this name, in Surry, lying near each other, and distinguished by their situation with respect to each other. West Clandon is twenty-six miles from London, and is the manor of the Lord Onslow, whose title is Lord of Onslow and Clandon, and whose seat is near the church. It is a noble edifice, erected after an Italian model. The gardens are beautiful, and laid out in the modern taste. It has plenty of good water, and commands a delightful and extensive prospect as far as Windsor. The house is seen from the road up a grand avenue, and appears to be, what it really is, one of the finest seats in that part of the kingdom.

East Clandon lies about two miles to the east of the last mentioned village, and was anciently the estate of Gerard Lord Aungier, of the kingdom of Ireland, who had a house and park here. In the neighbourhood of East Clandon is the seat of Admiral Boscawen.

Clapham, a village three miles from London, in the road to Richmond.

Clapton, a village adjoining to Hackney.

Abbey of St. Clare. See Minories.

Clare court, Drury lane.†

Clare market, Lincoln’s Inn fields, has a considerable trade for flesh, greens, &c.

Clare street, Clare market.†

Clare’s yard, Barnaby street.†

Claremont.
S. Wale delin. B. Green sculp.

Claremont, is the seat of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle at Esher. The house was designed and built by the late Sir John Vanbrugh, in a whimsical style of architecture, which is better shewn in the print than described. It was afterwards purchased of Sir John by his Grace, who has been at great expence in improving the place. The structure, though singular, does not appear to be irregular. It is built of brick with a good deal of variety in it, and of considerable extent, but not much elevated. The Duke has since built a grand room for the reception of company when numerous, which makes the ends of the house not appear similar. The house has a lawn in the front shaded on each side with trees, and the ground behind it rising gradually shews the trees there also, so that the house appears to be embowered by them except just in the front; and the white summer house with four little pinacles, one at each corner, built on the mount which gives name to the place, when viewed from before the front of the house, rises up finely from behind the trees, and all together forms a very pleasing appearance. The park in which it is situated is distinguished by its noble woods, lawns, walks, mounts, prospects, &c. The summer house call’d the Belvedere, at about a mile distance from the house, on that side of the park next Esher, affords a very beautiful and extensive view of the country quite round; yet that from the summer house at Esher place, which is just by, is perhaps no way inferior to it.

Clarges street, Hyde Park road. Thus named from Sir Thomas Clarges.

Clarke’s alley, 1. Bishopsgate street.† 2. Vine street, Hatton wall.† 3. Whitechapel.†

Clarke’s orchard, Rotherhith wall.†

Clarke’s rents, 1. Grub street. 2. St. Catharine’s lane.†

Clarke’s yard, 1. Cock alley, London wall.† 2. Upper ground.†

Clayton’s rents, King street.†

Cleaveland court, Cleaveland row, St. James’s street; formerly a large house called Berkshire house; which being purchased by the Duchess of Cleaveland, took her name; on the same ground are now built several handsome houses.

Cleaveland row, St. James’s.

Cleaveland street, by St. James’s palace.

Cleaveland yard, near St. James’s square.

St. Clement’s Church in the Strand, also called St. Clement Danes, is supposed to be dedicated to Pope Clement I. who suffered martyrdom in the reign of Trajan, and obtained the name of Danes from its being dedicated to their use. A church has been situated in the same place at least ever since the year 700; but the present edifice began to be erected in 1680, and was compleated in two years, but the steeple was not added till several years after.

The body of the church, which is of stone, has two series of windows, the lower plain and the upper well ornamented, and the termination is by an attic, whose pilasters are crowned with vases. On the south side it is entered by a portico to which there is an ascent of a few steps, this portico is covered with a dome supported by Ionic columns. Opposite to this there is another, and on each side the base of the steeple in the west front is a small square tower with its dome. The steeple is carried to a great height in several stages: where it begins to diminish the Ionic order takes place, and upon its entablature supports vases. The next stage is Corinthian, and above that stands the Composite supporting a dome which is crowned with a smaller one, from whence rises the ball and its fane.

The author of the New Critical Review of the publick Buildings justly censures the situation of this church in the midst of the street, and their having “in compliance with the superstitious custom of placing it in a due east and west situation, crowded the backside of the church into the face of the people, though they had room enough to build it otherwise, and prevent so capital a nuisance.” This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Earl of Exeter.

St. Clement’s Eastcheap, on the east side of St. Clement’s lane, Lombard street. The old church was destroyed by the dreadful conflagration in 1666, and upon its ruin the present edifice arose. It is a very plain neat structure, with a tower crowned only by a battlement.

This church is a rectory, with the parish of St. Mary Ongars added to it; the advowson is in the Bishop of London. The Rector receives 140l. per annum in lieu of tithes. Newc. Repert. Eccles.

St. Clement’s Church yard, in the Strand.

Clement’s court, Milk street.

Clement’s, or St. Clement’s Inn, on the north side of Wych street, is thus called from its being near St. Clement’s church. It is one of the inns of chancery, and has three courts one within another, which consists of old buildings, except a row in the garden, which is well built.

Clement’s Inn court, Clement’s Inn.

Clement’s lane, 1. Clare market.☐ 2. Clement’s Inn.☐

St. Clement’s lane, Lombard street.

St. Clement’s Well, a celebrated fountain, which was many years ago one of the three principal springs at which the city youths, on festival days, used to entertain themselves with a variety of diversions. But it is now covered up, and a pump placed over it, at the east side of St. Clements Inn, and lower end of St. Clement’s lane. Maitland.

Clergymen’s Widows, and Children. See an account of the corporation formed for their relief under the article Corporation.

Clerk of the Essoins, Juries, King’s Silver, Supersedeas, &c. See an account of their several employments and offices, under the articles Essoins, Juries, King’s Silver, &c.

Clerks. The Parish Clerks were incorporated by Henry III. in the year 1233, by the name of The fraternity of St. Nicholas, by which they were known till they were incorporated by charter in 1611. By a decree of the court of Star chamber, they obtained the privilege of keeping a printing press in their hall, for printing the bill of mortality, they being strictly enjoined by their charter to make a report of all the christenings and burials in their respective parishes by six o’clock, on Thursday in the afternoon; but this is by a by-law changed to two o’clock on the same day, that the King and the Lord Mayor may have the account the day before its publication. This list is however extremely defective; for as there are above an hundred meeting houses in the bills of mortality, the members of which never have their children christened in the parish churches, though the far greater number of their dead are interred in the parochial burying grounds, the burials in these lists are made greatly to exceed the christenings; and hence very grave remarks have been made on the unhealthfulness of the city, and the vices of its inhabitants.

This company consists of a Master, two Wardens, seventeen Assistants, and the whole body of parish clerks within the bills of mortality; who have a commodious hall in Wood street.

Clerks, or Clerken Well, a spring at the lower end of Clerkenwell green, in Rag street, opposite Mutton lane, was so called from the parish clerks of the city annually meeting there to exhibit dramatic representations of certain parts of scripture; for which they were so famous, that not only the Lord Mayor and citizens, but even the nobility were their spectators. From this well a neighbouring priory with the church and parish were denominated Clerkenwell. Maitland.

Clerkenwell Church. See St. James’s Clerkenwell.

Clerkenwell close, a street on the north side of Clerkenwell green.

Clerkenwell green, on the south side of St. James’s church, Clerkenwell.

Clerkenwell Priory of Nuns, was founded by Jordan Briset, a wealthy Baron, about the year 1100, in a field adjoining to Clerks, or Clerken Well, and dedicated to the honour of God, and the assumption of the blessed Virgin. This priory continued till it was suppressed by Henry VIII. in the year 1539, when its revenues were found to amount to 262l. 19s. per annum. On the north east side of St. James’s church, which anciently belonged to this priory, is still to be seen the ambulatory, or south side row of this priory, consisting of six arches; and tho’ the eastern part of the cloister be destroyed, yet the nuns hall, which was situated at the north end, is still remaining, tho’ at present it is converted into a work shop, and the garden on the east side was formerly the cemetery belonging to the nunnery. Maitland.

Clifford’s Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery, is situated behind St. Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, and is much improved by new buildings. It has three courts, and a garden adorned with rows of lime trees set round the grass plats, and with gravel walks, which are kept in good order. This Inn took its name from its being anciently the house of the Lord Clifford.

Clifford’s Inn lane, Fleet street.☐

Clifford’s street, New Bond street.†

Clincard’s alley, Westminster market.

Clink Liberty Court, a court of record kept on the Bank side in Southwark by the Bishop of Winchester’s steward, before whom are tried pleas of debt, damage and trespass, for any sum. Here also is a court leet in which things peculiar to that court are managed. Maitland.

Clink prison, in Clink street, belongs to the liberty of the Bishop of Winchester, called the Clink liberty, but is little used. It is a very dismal hole, where debtors are sometimes confined.

Clink street, begins at Deadman’s place, and extends to St. Mary Overy’s dock.

Clink yard, Clink street.

Cloak lane, Dowgate hill.

Cloak and Wheatsheaf alley, Houndsditch.*

Cloak and Wheatsheaf court, Houndsditch.*

Clockmakers. Charles I. incorporated this company by letters patent in the year 1632. They have a Master, three Wardens, and twenty-eight Assistants; but neither livery nor hall.

Cloisters, 1. In the Middle Temple. 2. St. Bartholomew’s hospital.

Cloister court, 1. Inner Temple.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐

Cloisters court, Glasshouse yard, Water lane, near White Friars.☐

Cloth Fair, Smithfield. King Henry II. granting to the priory of St. Bartholomew, the privilege of a fair to be kept annually at Bartholomew tide, the clothiers of England and the London drapers repaired thither, and had their booths and stalls within the church yard of that priory; this place being built into a narrow street, still retains the name of Cloth Fair; and in conformity to its name several eminent woollen drapers still live there.

Cloth yard, Dunning’s alley.

Clothworkers, one of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated by letters patent granted by King Edward IV. in the year 1482, by the name of The fraternity of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin Mary, of the Sheermen of London: but being reincorporated by Queen Elizabeth, she changed their first appellation, to that of The Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of freemen of the art and mystery of Clothworkers of the city of London; which title was confirmed by Charles I.

This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and thirty-two Assistants, with a livery of 154 members, each of whom, upon his admission, pays a fine of 20l. They have a very large estate, out of which they annually pay to the poor about 1400l.

Clothworkers Hall is situated near the north east end of Mincing lane, and is a brick building with fluted columns of brick crowned with Corinthian capitals of stone. The hall is a lofty room wainscoted up to the ceiling, which is adorned with fretwork. The screen at the south end is of oak, and ornamented with four pilasters that have their entablature and compass pediment of the Corinthian order. At the west end are the figures of King James and King Charles I. in their robes, carved as big as the life, and on the windows are painted the King’s arms, those of the city, the clothworkers company, and several others, belonging to the masters of that fraternity.

Club row, Cock lane, Shoreditch.

Clun’s yard, Grub street.†

Coach and Horses yard, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. Fann’s alley.* 4. Oxford street.* 5. St. John’s street.* 6. Wood street, Cheapside.*

Coachmakers. This company was incorporated by letters patent of Charles II. in the year 1677, by the title of The Master, Wardens, Assistants, and Commonalty of the company of Coach and Coach-harness-makers of London. It is governed by a Master, three Wardens, twenty-three Assistants, and one hundred and four Liverymen, each of whom upon their admission pay a fine of 10l. They have a spacious hall in Noble street.

Coaches. See Hackney Coaches.

Coal alley, Whitechapel.

Coal Exchange, Billingsgate.

Coal Harbour, Thames street. See the article Cold Harbour.

Coal stairs, Lower Shadwell.

Coal wharf, near the Strand.

Coal yard, 1. Goswell street. 2. High Holborn. 3. Willow street, Bank side.

Coalman’s alley, Puddle dock.†

Coalmeters, fifteen officers in the port of London, to whom belong the care and inspection of the just measure and weight of coals; each of whom is allowed four deputies or under-meters, who must be approved by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, as upon them the care of weighing and measuring coals principally depends; their business being to attend each ship, in order to observe the due weight and admeasurement, to top the vats, and to return an account of the coals measured to the coal office, by which return or certificate of the under-meters, the duties on coals are collected. For this trouble they receive the fee of a penny per chaldron for all coals measured, and two pence per ton for all coals weighed: and both the principal and under-meters take an oath at their admission into their office, to give just measure to rich and poor without partiality or favour; to buy no coals except for their own use, nor ever to sell coals while in that office, or to take any more for their trouble than was anciently allowed.

Coalmeters Office, in Church alley, St. Dunstan’s hill. In this office, which belongs to the fifteen upper coalmeters, is entered all the ships that arrive in the port of London with coals, and the quantity measured or weighed; in order to ascertain the duties to be paid, as well as to prevent impositions and frauds with respect to the subject.

Mr. Maitland gives the following septenary account, from the Custom House entry book, of the coals imported into the port of London.

But as both London and Westminster have been prodigiously increased since the last of these years, by a vast number of entire streets being built, we may conclude that this account falls extremely short of the quantity now annually imported into the same port.

Coat’s farm, Coat’s lane.†

Coat’s lane, Bethnal green.†

Cobb’s court, Black Friars.†

Cobb’s yard, 1. Blackman’s street.† 2. Petticoat lane.†

Cobham, a town in Surry, situated on the river Mole, six miles from Epsom, in the road from London to Guilford.

Near Cobham are several fine seats, particularly one belonging to the Lord Ligonier, and another, the seat of Mr. Bridges, which is built in a very singular taste, tho’ very plain on the outside, somewhat after the manner of an Italian villa. The principal rooms are richly ornamented; the ceilings are gilt; and the offices below are not only convenient, but contrived with great judgment, so as to answer the purposes for which they were designed. As the house is situated on an eminence, it commands the prospect of the adjacent fields, which are kept in great order. The river Mole passes along by the side of the gardens, and being made here four or five times, broader than it was naturally, it has a happy effect, especially as the banks are disposed into a slope, with a broad grass walk, planted on each side with sweet shrubs. At one end of this walk is a very elegant room, which is a delightful retreat in hot weather, it being shaded with large elms on the south side, and having the water on the north and east sides, is extremely cool and pleasant. The house is situated about half a mile from the public road to Portsmouth, and is so much hid by the trees near it, as not to be seen till you rise on the heath beyond Cobham, where you have a fine view of it in several parts of the road between that town and Ripley.

Cock alley, 1. Deadman’s place.* 2. East Smithfield.* 3. Fleet lane.* 4. Green bank, Tooley street.* 5. Holiwell street, Shoreditch.* 6. Ludgate street.* 7. Montague close.* 8. Moorgate.* 9. Near Pepper alley, Southwark.* 10. Norton Falgate.* 11. Portpool lane.* 12. Shoreditch.* 13. Turnmill street.* 14. Wapping.* 15. Whitechapel.* 16. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Cock Alley stairs, near Pepper alley stairs, Southwark.*

Cock court, 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.* 2. Black Boy alley, Chick lane.* 3. Grub street, near Moorfields.* 4. Ludgate hill.* 5. St. Martin’s le Grand.* 6. New street, Broad street.* 7. Philip lane, London Wall.* 8. Poor Jewry lane.* 9. Snow hill.*

Cock and Bottle court, near Nightingale lane.*

Cock and Hoop court, Addle hill.*

Cock and Magpye court, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.*

Cock and Wheatsheaf court, Houndsditch.*

Cock hill, 1. Anchor street. 2. Ratcliff.

Cock lane, 1. By Cock hill. 2. Near Falcon lane.* 3. Snow hill.* 4. Swan fields, Shoreditch.*

Cock yard, 1. Bennet street, Westminster.* 2. East Smithfield.* 3. Falconer’s alley, Cow Cross.* 4. In the Haymarket.* 5. Jacob’s street.* 6. Parish street.* 7. Thacket’s court, Bishopsgate street.* 8. Tothill street.*

Cock and Heart yard, in the Borough.*

Cock and Hoop yard, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Castle street, Long Acre.* 3. Houndsditch.*

Cocket alley, Fore street, Lambeth.

The Cockpit, opposite to the Privy Garden, is esteemed a part of the ancient palace of Whitehall, and retains its ancient name, though converted to very different uses from that of a Cockpit. This edifice, which is built with stone, is very old, and on the outside next the street has nothing to recommend it; but within it has several noble rooms and apartments, as the council chamber, &c.

Cockpit alley, 1. Drury lane. 2. Gravel lane.

Cockpit buildings, Upper Chelsea road.

Cockpit court, 1. Dean street, Soho. 2. Gravel lane. 3. Jewin street. 4. King’s Way, near Bedford row. 5. Poppin’s alley, Shoe lane.

Cockpit street, Whitehall.☐

Cockpit yard, James street.☐

Cock’s Head court, Golden lane.*

Cock’s rents, St Catharine’s.†

Cockspur street, Pall Mall.

Codlin yard, Virginia street.‡

Codpiece court, petty France, Westminster.║

Codpiece row, Cold Bath fields.║

Coffee House alley, Thames street.☐

Coffee House court, Moorfields.☐

Coffin alley, Cow Cross.*

Coffin court, St. Dunstan’s hill.*

Cogdell court, near Pultney street.†

Coggan’s rents, Bett’s street.†

Colchester street, 1. Red Lion street, Whitechapel. 2. Woodroffe lane.

Cold Bath fields, Hockley in the hole, took their name from the cold bath near them. See Cold Bath square.

Cold Bath row, Cold Bath street.☐

Cold Bath street, Cold Bath fields.☐

Cold Bath square, Cold Bath fields. On the north side of this small square, is pleasantly situated fronting the fields, the house in which is the cold bath. This is a handsome though old building, and is surrounded by a small, but neat garden, inclosed by a wall.

Cold Harbour, Thames street. It took its name from a magnificent building called Cold Herbergh, that is, Cold Inn, probably so denominated from its vicinity to the river. This building, which extended into the place now called Cold Harbour lane, was given by King Henry IV. to his son the Prince of Wales. Rymer’s Fœdera.

Cold Harbour lane, Thames street. This lane, and the stairs, are now generally called, and even spelt Coal Harbour.

Cold Harbour row, Hackney road.

Cold Harbour stairs, Thames street.

Colebrook, or Colnbrook, a town in Buckinghamshire, situated 18 miles from London, on four channels of the river Coln, over each of which it has a bridge. One part of the town is in Middlesex, and the other in Buckinghamshire. Here is a charity school, and an ancient chapel, said to have been founded by Edward III. The principal support of the place are the inns, on account of its being in the Bath road.

Coleman alley, 1. Brown street.† 2. Bunhill row.†

Coleman’s court, Castle lane.†

Coleman street, 1. Farthing fields.† 2. Lothbury.† 3. New Gravel lane.†

Coleman Street Ward, is bounded on the north by Cripplegate ward, upper Moorfields, and Bishopsgate ward; on the east by Bishopsgate ward, Broad street ward, and Cheap ward; on the south by Cheap ward; and on the west by Basinghall street ward. It extends from east to west, from the grate by Lothbury church, to the south side of Ironmonger lane; but no farther than the south-west corner of Basinghall street on the north side; and, in the other direction, it extends south from Moorgate to the garden belonging to Grocers hall in the Poultry.

The principal streets in this ward are, Coleman street, the north part of the Old Jewry; Lothbury, from Coleman street to St. Margaret’s church, on the north side, and on the south, to about twenty-seven feet beyond Prince’s street; the north side of Cateaton street, from Basinghall street to Coleman street, and the south side from Ironmonger lane. The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Stephen Coleman street, St. Margaret’s Lothbury, and St. Olave’s Jewry; Founders hall, the Armourers and Brasiers hall, and the Excise office.

This ward is governed by an Alderman and his Deputy, six Common Council men, thirteen wardmote inquest men, four scavengers, four constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve in the several courts in Guildhall in the month of August.

Coleman’s yard, 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†

Cole’s alley, Whitechapel.†

Cole’s rents, Moorfields.†

Cole yard, between Holborn and Drury lane.

College court, 1. Cow Cross. 2. Dean’s yard, Westminster. 3. Nightingale lane. 4. Stable yard. 5. Warwick lane.☐

College hill, Thames street.

College of Heralds. See Heralds Office.

College of Physicians. See Physicians.

College street, 1. Dirty lane, Westminster. 2. Narrow Wall, Lambeth.

College yard, 1. Compter lane. 2. Deadman’s place. 3. Near the Hermitage.

Collier’s court, Hart street, Cripplegate.†

Collier’s rents, White street.†

Collingburn’s rents, Dick’s shore, Limehouse.†

Collingwood street, Maze Pond, near Snow fields, Southwark.†

Collin’s court, 1. Bloomsbury market.† 2. Brick street.† 3. Farmer’s street.†

Collin’s rents, 1. High Holborn.† 2. Upper Shadwell.† 3. White street.†

Colnbrook. See Colebrook.

Colney, a village in Hertfordshire, three miles from St. Alban’s in the road to London, is called London Colney, to distinguish it from Colney street, which lies a little to the west, and Colney green. These villages receive their names from the river Coln, near which they are situated.

Colour yard, Worcester street.

Colson’s court, Drury lane.†