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LONDON
AND ITS
ENVIRONS
DESCRIBED.

VOL. V.

LONDON

AND ITS

ENVIRONS

DESCRIBED.

CONTAINING

An Account of whatever is most remarkable for Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use,

In the City and in the Country

Twenty Miles round it.

COMPREHENDING ALSO

Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities

of this great Metropolis.

Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of Views in Perspective, engraved from original Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work.

Together with a Plan of LONDON,

A Map of the Environs, and several other

useful Cuts.

VOL. V.

LONDON:

Printed for R. and J. Dodsley in Pall Mall.

M DCC LXI.

Monument.
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.

LONDON

AND ITS

ENVIRONS

DESCRIBED, &c.

MON

Monument, a noble fluted column, erected by order of parliament, in commemoration of the burning and rebuilding of the city, on the east side of Fish street hill, in a square open to the street.

This stately column, which is of the Doric order, was begun by Sir Christopher Wren, in the year 1671, and completed by that great architect in 1677. It much exceeds, in height, the pillars at Rome of the Emperors Trajan and Antoninus, the stately remains of Roman grandeur; or that of Theodosius at Constantinople; for the largest of the Roman columns, which was that of Antoninus, was only 172 feet and a half in height, and 12 feet 3 inches, English measure, in diameter. But the diameter of this column at the base, is 15 feet, and consequently it is 120 feet high; the height of the pedestal is 40, and the cippus or meta with the urn on the top 42, making 202 feet in the whole. On the cap of the pedestal, at the angles, are four dragons (the supporters of the city arms) and between them trophies, with symbols of regality, arts, sciences, commerce, &c.

Within is a large staircase of black marble, containing 345 steps, 10 inches and a half broad, and 6 inches in thickness, and by these there is an ascent to the iron balcony (which is the abacus of the column). Over the capital is an iron balcony, encompassing a cone 32 feet high, supporting a blazing urn of brass, gilt.

In the place of this urn, which was set up contrary to Sir Christopher’s opinion, was originally intended a colossal statue, in brass, gilt, of King Charles II. as founder of the new city, after the manner of the Roman pillars, which terminated with the statues of their Cæsars; or else a figure erect of a woman crowned with turrets, holding a sword and cap of maintenance, with other ensigns of the city’s grandeur and re-erection.

Prior to this, the same gentleman made a design of a pillar of somewhat less proportion, viz. 14 feet in diameter, and after a peculiar device: for as the Romans expressed by relievo on the pedestals, and round the shafts of their columns, the history of such actions and incidents as were intended to be thereby commemorated; so this monument of the conflagration and resurrection of the city of London was represented by a pillar in flames; the flames, blazing from the loop-holes of the shaft, intended to give light to the stairs within, were in brass work gilt, and on the top was a phœnix rising from her ashes, also of brass gilt. Parentalia.

The west side of the pedestal is adorned with curious emblems, by the masterly hand of Mr. Cibber, father to the late Poet Laureat, in which the eleven principal figures are done in alto, and the rest in basso relievo. The principal figure, to which the eye is particularly directed, is a female, representing the city of London, sitting in a languishing posture on a heap of ruins: her head droops, her hair is dishevelled, and her hand, with an air of languor, lies carelessly on her sword. Behind is Time, gradually raising her up: at her side, a woman, representing Providence, gently touches her with one hand, while with a winged scepter in the other, she directs her to regard two Goddesses in the clouds, one with a cornucopia, denoting Plenty, the other with a palm branch, the emblem of Peace. At her feet is a bee-hive, to shew that by industry and application the greatest misfortunes may be overcome. Behind Time, are citizens exulting at his endeavours to restore her; and, beneath, in the midst of the ruins, is a dragon, the supporter of the city arms, who endeavours to preserve them with his paw. Still farther, at the north end, is a view of the city in flames; the inhabitants in consternation, with their arms extended upward, and crying out for succour.

On the other side, on an elevated pavement, stands King Charles II. in a Roman habit, with his temples incircled by a wreath of laurel, and approaching the figure representing the city, with a truncheon in his hand, seems to command three of his attendants to descend to her relief: the first represents the Sciences, with wings on her head, and a circle of naked boys dancing upon it, holding in her hand Nature, with her numerous breasts ready to give assistance to all: the second is, Architecture, with a plan in one hand, and a square and pair of compasses in the other: and the third is, Liberty, waving a hat in the air, shewing her joy at the pleasing prospect of the city’s speedy recovery. Behind the King, stands his brother the Duke of York, with a garland in one hand to crown the rising city, and a sword in the other for her defence. Behind him are Justice and Fortitude, the former with a coronet, and the latter with a reined lion. In the pavement, under the Sovereign’s feet, appears Envy peeping from her cell, and gnawing a heart; and in the upper part of the back ground the re-construction of the city is represented by scaffolds, erected by the sides of unfinished houses, with builders and labourers at work upon them.

The other sides of the pedestal have, each, a Latin inscription. That on the north side may be thus rendered.

‘In the year of Christ 1666, the second day of September, eastward from hence, at the distance of 202 feet, (the height of this column) about midnight, a most terrible fire broke out, which, driven by a high wind, not only laid waste the adjacent parts, but also places very remote, with incredible noise and fury: it consumed 89 churches, the city gates, Guildhall, many public structures, hospitals, schools, libraries, a vast number of stately edifices, 13,200 dwelling houses, 400 streets: of twenty-six wards it utterly destroyed fifteen, and left eight others shattered and half burnt. The ruins of the city were 436 acres, from the Tower by the Thames side to the Temple church, and from the north east, along the city wall, to Holborn bridge. To the estates and fortunes of the citizens it was merciless, but to their lives very favourable. That it might, in all things, resemble the last conflagration of the world, the destruction was sudden; for in a small space of time, the same city was seen most flourishing, and reduced to nothing. Three days after, when this fatal fire had, in the opinion of all, baffled all human counsels and endeavours, it stopped, as it were, by a command from heaven, and was on every side extinguished.’

The inscription on the south side is translated thus:

‘Charles the Second, son of Charles the Martyr, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, a most gracious Prince, commiserating the deplorable state of things, whilst the ruins were yet smoaking, provided for the comfort of his citizens, and ornament of his city, remitted their taxes, and referred the petition of the magistrates and inhabitants to parliament; who immediately passed an act, that public works should be restored to greater beauty, with public money, to be raised by an impost on coals; that the churches, and the cathedral of St. Paul’s, should be rebuilt from their foundations, with the utmost magnificence: that bridges, gates, and prisons should be new erected, the sewers cleansed, the streets made straight and regular, such as were steep levelled, and those too narrow to be made wider. Markets and shambles removed to separate places. They also enabled, that every house should be built with party walls, and all in front raised of equal height; that those walls should be of square stone or brick; and that no man should delay building beyond the space of seven years. Moreover, care was taken by law to prevent all suits about their bounds. Anniversary prayers were also enjoined; and to perpetuate the memory thereof to posterity, they caused this column to be erected. The work was carried on with diligence, and London is restored; but whether with greater speed or beauty, may be made a question. In three years time the world saw that finished, which was supposed to be the work of an age.’

The inscription on the east side contains the names of the Lord Mayors from the time of its being begun, till its being compleated; and round the upper part of the pedestal is the following inscription in English.

‘This pillar was set up in perpetual remembrance of the most dreadful burning of this protestant city, begun and carried on by the treachery and malice of the popish faction in the beginning of September, in the year of our Lord 1666, in order to the carrying on their horrid plot for extirpating the protestant religion, and Old English Liberty, and introducing popery and slavery.’

This inscription, upon the Duke of York’s accession to the crown, was immediately erased; but soon after the revolution it was restored again.

This monument, says the author of The Review of our public buildings, “is undoubtedly the noblest modern column in the world; nay, in some respects, it may justly vie with those celebrated ones of antiquity, which are consecrated to the names of Trajan and Antonine. Nothing can be more bold and surprizing, nothing more beautiful and harmonious: the bas relief at the base, allowing for some few defects, is finely imagined, and executed as well: and nothing material can be cavilled with but the inscriptions round about it.” These, however, Sir Christopher Wren had prepared in a more elegant and masculine style, as appears by the Parentalia; but he was over-ruled.

Monument yard, New Fish street hill, so called from the Monument placed in it.

Moor court, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate, so called from its vicinity to Moorfields. 2. Miles lane, near Crooked lane.

Moorfields, a large piece of ground to the north of London wall, lying between the east end of Fore street, and the west end of New Broad street, and extending as far as Hoxton. These fields originally took their name from their being one continued marsh or moor; so that Roger Achiley, Lord Mayor, in 1521, caused the ground to be levelled, and bridges and causeways to be erected over these fields, in order to render them passable: but since that time the ground has been raised and drained, and the whole encompassed with houses.

Moorfields being a very extensive piece of ground, is now divided into Lower Moorfields, Middle Moorfields, and Upper Moorfields. The first of these divisions has the hospital of Bethlem, a noble building, extending along the whole south side: and here the fields are divided into four different squares, by very strong, but clumsey, wooden rails, each containing a large grass plat, surrounded on each side by a row of trees. Between these squares, which are generally denominated the quarters, are gravel walks; and one extending from east to west, with a row of trees on each side, forming a tolerable vista, is usually denominated the City Mall; a great concourse of well-dressed citizens of both sexes walking there, particularly every Sunday noon in fine weather, and on evenings.

The east side of this part of Moorfields is taken up by shops, where old books are sold at the south east corner, and second-hand goods of all sorts along that side.

The rest of Moorfields, containing the two other divisions, still lie waste, though they might be converted into gardens or public walks, and thus be rendered one of the principal ornaments of this metropolis.

Moorgate, situated near the north end of Coleman street, and 1664 feet to the west of Bishopsgate, was first erected in the year 1415, and received its name from its opening into Moorfields.

The present edifice, which is one of the most magnificent gates of the city, was erected in the year 1674, and consists of a lofty arch, and two posterns for foot passengers. The arch is built higher than the common rules of proportion, for the sake of the city trained bands marching through it with their pikes erected; a weapon now laid aside. Others, however, are of opinion, that its height was intended for the better convenience of bringing carts or waggons loaded with hay into the city, it having been intended to make a market for hay in Little Moorfields; a design which did not take effect. The upper part is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters, supporting their proper entablature, and with a round pediment, in which is the city arms. The apartments over the gate are appropriated to the use of one of the Lord Mayor’s carvers.

Moor’s alley, 1. King’s street, Westminster.† 2. Norton Falgate, near Shoreditch.†

Moor Park, near Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, is at present the seat of Lord Anson. The park is not large, but is very beautiful, whether we consider it within itself or with regard to the fine and extensive prospects from it. The house was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey, and, passing through many hands, was afterwards in possession of the Duke of Monmouth. Then it came into the hands of Mr. Stiles, who enlarged, repaired, and beautified it, under the direction of Sir James Thornhill. It stands on a hill, not quite on the summit. It is of stone of the Corinthian order; and, if not in the highest stile of architecture, is yet very noble. The south, or principal front, has a portico and pediment of four columns. The offices are joined to the house by a beautiful circular colonade of the Ionic order, which terminates very elegantly with domes on each side their entrance. One cannot help wishing the house on the top of the hill, or that part of the hill were removed, for you can’t now see the principal front till you are upon it. Even in the view given in the print, part of one of the wings is hid by the rising ground.

Moor street, Hog lane, Soho.†

Moor yard, 1. Fashion street, Spitalfields.† 2. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† 3. Old Fish street.†

Moravians, a set of dissenters lately established in England. They have the following places of worship. 1. Lindsey House, Chelsea. 2. Monastery, Hatton Garden. 3. Nevill’s alley, Fetter lane.

Morden College, on the east side of Blackheath, for the support of poor decayed and honest merchants, was erected by Sir John Morden, Bart. a Turky merchant, several years before his death, which happened in the year 1708. It consists of a large brick building, with two small wings, strengthened at the corners with stone rustic. The principal entrance, which is in the center, is decorated with Doric columns, festoons, and a pediment on the top, over which rises a turret, with a dial; and from the dome, which is supported by scrolls, rises a ball and fane. To this entrance there is an ascent by a flight of circular steps; and having ascended them, and passed through this part of the building, we enter an inner square, surrounded with piazzas. The chapel is neatly wainscoted, and has a costly altar-piece.

This structure Sir John erected at a small distance from his own habitation, in a place called Great Stone Field, and endowed it, after his Lady’s decease, with his whole real, copyhold, and personal estate, to the value of about 1300l. per annum.

The founder of this noble charity placed in this hospital twelve decayed Turky merchants in his life time; but after his decease, the Lady Morden, finding that the share allotted her by Sir John’s last will was insufficient for her decent support, some parts of the estate not answering so well as was expected, she was obliged to reduce the number to four.

But upon her death the whole estate coming to the college, the number was increased, and there are at this time thirty-five poor gentlemen; and, the number not being limited, it is to be increased as the estate will afford; for the building will conveniently hold forty.

The Treasurer, who receives the rents and revenues, and keeps the books of the accounts and disbursements of the college, has 40l. a year; and the Chaplain, who reads prayers twice a day, and preaches twice every Sunday, had at first a salary of 30l. per annum, which the Lady Morden doubled at her death. She was, in other respects, a benefactress of the college, and, as she put up her husband’s statue in a niche, over the gate, the trustees put up her’s in another niche, adjoining to that of her husband. The pensioners have each 20l. a year, and at first wore gowns, with the founder’s badge; but this badge has not been worn for some years. They have a common table in the hall to eat and drink together at meals; and each has a convenient apartment, with a cellar.

The Treasurer, Chaplain, and Pensioners, are obliged to reside in the college; and, except in case of sickness, no other persons are to reside, live, or lodge there; but no person can be admitted as a pensioner, who cannot bring a certificate to prove his being upwards of sixty years of age.

Seven Turky merchants have the direction of this hospital, and the nomination of the persons to be admitted into it; to them the Treasurer is accountable; and whenever any of these die, the surviving trustees chuse others in their room. Stow’s Survey. Tour through Great Britain.

Morgan’s alley, Greenwalk, Southwark.†

Morgan’s ground, Chelsea.†

Morgan’s lane, 1. Old Horselydown lane.† 2. St. Olave street, Tooley street.†

Morgan’s rents, Greenwalk, Southwark.†

Morgan’s yard, by Morgan’s rents.†

Morrell’s Almshouse, near the Nag’s head in Hackney road, was erected by the Goldsmiths company, in the year 1705, pursuant to the will of Mr. Richard Morrel, for the reception of six poor members of that company, each of whom has two neat rooms, 2s. per week, half a chaldron of coals, a quarter of a hundred of faggots, and a gown every year. Maitland.

Morrice’s Almshouse, in the Old Jewry, was erected by the company of Armourers, in the year 1551, pursuant to the will of the Lady Elizabeth Morrice, for the reception of nine poor widows, who, according to the discretion of the company, are allowed from six to twenty shillings per quarter, and nine bushels of coals each yearly. Maitland.

Morrison’s court, New lane, Shad Thames.†

Morris’s alley, New lane, Shad Thames.†

Morris’s causeway stairs, Southwark, opposite Somerset House.†

Morris’s wharf, near Thames street.†

Morse’s alley, Marshal street, Southwark.†

Mortar alley, Shoreditch.

Mortimer street, Cavendish square.

Mortimer yard, Tower Hill.†

Mortlack, in Surry, is situated on the Thames, between Putney and Richmond, about one mile west of Barnes. Here are two charity schools, and a famous manufacture for weaving tapestry hangings.

Moses alley, 1. Willow street, Bank side, Southwark.* 2. Smock alley, Spitalfields.*

Moses and Aaron alley, Whitechapel.*

Moses court, Nightingale lane.* 2. Moses alley, Willow street.*

Mosley’s court, Philpot lane.†

Mouldmakers row, St. Martin’s le Grand.

Moulsey, two towns, thus denominated from the river Mole, which runs between them into the Thames; East Moulsey is situated opposite to Hampton Court, and was granted by King Charles II. to Sir James Clarke, grandfather to the present lord of the manor, who had the ferry from thence to Hampton Court, in the room of which he has lately erected a handsome bridge, where a very high toll is taken of all passengers, carriages, &c.

West Moulsey is situated about a mile and a half west from Kingston, and here is a ferry to Hampton town, which likewise belongs to the same gentleman.

Mount court, Gravel lane, Houndsditch.

Mountford’s court, Fenchurch street.

Mountmill, at the upper end of Goswell street. Here was situated one of the forts erected by order of parliament in the year 1643; but that becoming useless at the end of the civil war, a windmill was erected upon it, from which it received its present name, which is also given to the street.

Mount passage, Mount street, near Grosvenor square.

Mount Pleasant, Little Gray’s Inn lane.

Mount row, David street, Grosvenor square.

Mount street, By Mount row.

Mourning lane, Hackney.

Mouse alley, East Smithfield.

Mudd’s court, Broad street, Ratcliff.†

Mulberry court, 1. Bermondsey.‡ 2. White’s alley.‡

Mullin’s rents, Shoe lane.†

Mumford’s court. Milk street.†

Muscovy court, Tower hill.

Museum. See the article British Museum.

Musicians, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King James I. in the year 1604.

They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty Assistants, and have a livery of thirty-one members, who on their admission pay a fine of 40s. but have no hall.

Musick House court, Upper Shadwell.

Musick House yard, Upper Shadwell.

Mustard alley, Castle alley.

Muswell Hill, in Middlesex, on the east side of Highgate, took its name from a spring or well on the hill, by a house built by Alderman Roe, which afterwards came to the present Earl of Bath. By this well, which was esteemed holy, was a chapel with an image of our Lady of Muswell, to which great numbers went in pilgrimage. Both the manor and chapel were sold in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to Mr. William Roe, in whose family they continued, till Sir Thomas Roe, the Ambassador, sold them in the last century. Some time ago the manor house was converted into a place of public entertainment.

Mutton court, Maiden lane, Wood street, Cheapside.

Mutton lane, Clerkenwell.

My Lady’s yard, Harrow alley, Whitechapel.

N.

Nag’s Head alley, 1. Bridge yard passage.* 2. Fenchurch street.* 3. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 4. In the Minories.*

Nag’s Head buildings, Hackney road.*

Nag’s Head court, 1. Golden lane, Redcross street.* 2. Gracechurch street.* 3. Great Tower hill.* 4. Leather lane, Holborn. 5. Snow hill.* 6. Three Colt street.* 7. Wentworth street.*

Nag’s Head yard, 1. Golden lane.* 2. Great Swallow street.* 3. Norton Falgate.*

Nailer’s yard, 1. Queen street, in the Mint, Southwark. 2. Silver street, Golden square.

Naked Boy alley, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Piccadilly.*

Naked Boy court, 1. Little Elbow lane, Great Elbow lane, Thames street.* 2. Ludgate hill.* 3. In the Strand.

Naked Boy yard, 1. Back street, Lambeth.* 2. Deadman’s Place.*

Nan’s hole or yard, Angel street, St. Martin’s le Grand.‖

Narrow alley, Stony lane.

Narrow street, 1. Limehouse. 2. Ratcliff.

Narrow wall, Lambeth.

Nasing, a village in Essex, between Epping and Harlow.

Nassau street, Gerrard street, by Prince’s street, Soho; probably thus named in honour of King William III.

Navestock, a village near Brentwood in Essex.

Navy Office, in Crutched Friars. Here all affairs relating to the royal navy are managed by the Commissioners under the Lords of the Admiralty. It is a very plain building, that by its appearance gives us no idea of its importance; but it must be allowed the merit of being extremely convenient. The office where the Commissioners meet, and the clerks keep their books, is detached from the rest, as a precaution against accidents by fire, the papers here being of the utmost importance; and in the other buildings some of the Commissioners and other officers reside.

The Treasurer of the navy is an officer of prodigious trust, as he receives and pays all sums for the use of the navy: his salary is therefore 2000l. per annum, and 800l. for his instruments.

The seven Commissioners have all their different departments in the management of the business of this office; and each has a salary of 500l. a year.

One is Comptroller of the navy: he attends and comptrols all payments of wages; is obliged to know the market price of all stores belonging to shipping, and to examine and audit all the treasurers, victuallers, and storekeepers accounts. This Commissioner has two clerks who have 100l. a year each: one of 60l. a year, and nine of 50l. each. Besides in his office for seamen’s wages he has a chief clerk who has 200l. a year, and also nine others of 50l. each.

Two others are Joint-surveyors of the navy, and besides the salary of 500l. a year each, one of them has 80l. per annum for house rent. They are in general to know the state of all stores, and to see the wants supplied; to survey the hulls, masts, and yards, and to estimate the value of repairs by indenture; to charge all boatswains and carpenters of the navy with what stores they have received; and at the end of each voyage to state and audit their accounts. They have a chief clerk, who has 100l. a year, and six others of 50l.

The fourth is Clerk of the acts. It is his office to record all orders, contracts, bills, warrants, and other business transacted by the principal officers and commissioners of the navy. He has an assistant, who has a salary of 300l. a year, and 50l. for house rent; a chief clerk, who has 100l. a year; another has 70l. another 60l. and nine others have 50l. per annum each.

The fifth is Comptroller of the Treasurer’s accounts, and has a clerk of 100l. a year; another of 60l. another of 50l. and another of 40l. a year. The ticket office is under his inspection, and there he has two chief clerks of 200l. a year each; another of 80l. six of 50l. a year each, and one of 40l. In this office there are also six extra clerks who have 50l. a year each, and one who has 2s. 6d. a day.

The sixth is the Comptroller of the victualling accounts, who has a clerk of 100l. a year; one of 50l. and one of 40l. per annum.

The seventh is Comptroller of the store-keeper’s accounts, who has also a chief clerk, that has a salary of 100l. a year; six clerks of 50l. a year each; and another of 40l. per annum.

Besides these there are three Extra Commissioners of the navy, who have 500l. a year, and 80l. each for house rent; and under these are several clerks, and other officers.

There is also a Commissioner residing at Gibraltar, who has 1000l. a year, and several officers who have considerable salaries under him: a Commissioner resident at Chatham yard, at Portsmouth yard, and at Plymouth yard, who have 500l. a year each; but Deptford and Woolwich yards are under the immediate inspection of the navy board; as Sheerness yard is under the inspection of the Commissioner at Chatham.

The number of these Officers and Commissioners have been increased on account of the exigence of affairs; but the principal of them hold their offices by patent under the great seal.

Neal’s yard, Great St. Andrew street, Seven Dials.†

Neat House lane, Upper Millbank.

Neat Houses, Near Chelsea Bridge.

Neckinger lane, Rotherhith wall.

Neckinger road, Neckinger lane.

Needlemakers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Oliver Cromwell, in 1656, consisting of a Master, two Wardens, eighteen Assistants, and forty-eight Liverymen, who upon their admission pay a fine of 3l. 6s. 8d. but having no hall they transact their business in Guildhall.

It is remarkable that by an act of Common Council in 1658, it was ordered that every needlemaker free of the city, of whatever company they be, should from thenceforward be subject to the search and survey of this company; that no needlemaker of any other company should bind an apprentice to himself, till he had first bound him to the Master or one of the Wardens or Assistants of the Needlemakers company, who should turn over such an apprentice to him, before the Chamberlain of London, in order that all such apprentices might be made free of the Needlemakers company; and that any such master, not being free of that company, who should take an apprentice in any other manner, should forfeit the sum of 20l.

Nell’s wharf, St. Catharine’s.

Nelmes, a village in Essex, on the east side of Rumford.

Nelson’s court, 1. Drury lane.† 2. Rosemary lane, Tower hill.†

Neptune street, Wellclose square.

Netherhall, a village in Essex, on the north side of Chipping Ongar.

Netherhall, a village in Essex, near Great and Little Parndon, and at the conflux of the Lee and the Stort.

Nettleton’s court, Aldersgate street.†

Nettlewell, a village on the south west side of Harlow.

Nevill’s alley, Fetter lane.†

Nevill’s yard, Church street, Lambeth.†

Nevis court, Near the Upper Ground, Southwark.†

New alley, In Hoxton.

New Bedford court, Eagle court, Strand.

New Belton street, Long Acre.

New Black Raven court, Near Chiswell street, Moorfields.*

New Bond street, a street which consists of handsome new buildings, near Oxford street.

New Bosvile court, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields.†

New Broad street, 1. A handsome street inhabited by merchants and other gentlemen; extending from the end of Broad street to Moorfields. 2. Marshal street, Carnaby street.

New Buildings, 1. Coleman street. 2. Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate street without. 3. Feathers alley, in the Maze, Southwark.

New Burlington street, Swallow street.

Newbury’s Almshouse, on the north side of Mile-end green, also called the Skinners Almshouses, was erected by that company in the year 1688, pursuant to the will of Lewis Newbury, for twelve poor widows of the Skinners company, who have an allowance of 5l. 10s. a year, and half a chaldron of coals each.

Newcastle court, 1. Butcher Row, by Temple Bar. 2. Newcastle street, by Chick lane.

Newcastle street, 1. Chick lane, Smithfield. 2. From Seacoal lane to Fleet market. 3. Whitechapel.

New Cock lane, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.* 2. Swan fields, Shoreditch.*

New court, 1. Angel alley. 2. Blackman street, Southwark. 3. Bow lane, Cheapside. 4. Bowling alley, Dean’s yard, Westminster. 5. Brown’s street. 6. Canon row, Westminster. 7. Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 8. St. Catharine’s court, near the Tower. 9. Fore street, Cripplegate. 10. George yard, Whitechapel. 11. Goswell street, Aldersgate street. 12. New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 13. Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff Highway. 14. Great St. Anne’s lane, by Orchard street, Westminster. 15. Hand alley. 16. Harrow alley, Petticoat lane. 17. Hart street, Crutched Friars. 18. High Holborn. 19. Hog lane. 20. Kent street. 21. Knightsbridge. 22. Lamb alley. 23. Little Broad street. 24. Little Newport street. 25. St. Margaret’s hill. 26. Middle Temple. 27. Moor lane. 28. Narrow street, Ratcliff. 29. Newington Butts. 30. New street. 31. Nightingale lane. 32. Peter street, Westminster. 33. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel. 34. Pig street, Threadneedle street. 35. Quaker street, Spitalfields. 36. Rosemary lane, Tower hill. 37. St. Swithin’s lane, Canon street. 38. Throgmorton street. 39. Wentworth street. 40. White Horse yard. 41. White street. 42. York street.

New Crane, Wapping Wall.

New Crane stairs, Wapping.

New Fish street, By Great Eastcheap.

New Fish Street hill, New Fish street.

Newgate, is situated 1037 feet south west from Aldersgate, and is thought by most Antiquarians, to be so denominated from its being first erected in the reign of Henry I. several ages after the four original gates of the city: Howel is however of a contrary opinion, and asserts that it was only repaired in the above reign, and that it was anciently denominated Chamberlain gate; tho’ it is very extraordinary, that this gate is not once mentioned before the conquest. But be this as it will, it appears from ancient records, that it was called Newgate, and was a common jail for felons taken in the city of London, or the county of Middlesex, so early as the year 1218; and that so lately as the year 1457, Newgate, and not the Tower, was a prison for the nobility and great officers of state.

At length Newgate being much damaged by the fire of London in 1666, the present beautiful structure was erected. The west side is adorned with three ranges of Tuscan pilasters, with their entablatures, and in the inter-columniations are four niches, in one of which is a figure representing Liberty; the word Libertas is inscribed on her cap, and at her feet lies a cat, in allusion to Sir Richard Whittington, a benefactor to the prison, who is said to have made the first step to his good fortune by a cat.

The inside of the gate is also adorned with a range of pilasters, with their entablatures, and in three niches are the figures of Justice, Mercy and Truth.

The author of The Review observes,

“That Newgate considered as a prison, is a structure of more cost and beauty than was necessary, because the sumptuousness of the outside but aggravates the misery of the wretches within: but as a gate to such a city as London, it might have received considerable additions both of design and execution, and abundantly answered the cost in the reputation of building. The gate of a city erected rather for ornament than use, ought to be in the style of the ancient triumphal arches; and it must be allowed, that hardly any kind of building, admits of more beauty or perfection.”

If Newgate be considered as a prison, it is indeed a very dismal one. It is the county jail for Middlesex, both for debtors and malefactors, as well as the city prison for criminals. The debtor rendered unfortunate by the vicissitudes of trade, or unforeseen losses, has the reproach of being confined in the same prison with the greatest villains; and too often his being in Newgate is imputed by the ignorant to crimes which he abhors. On the other hand, those confined as criminals, are, even before they are found guilty by the laws of their country, packed so close together, that the air being corrupted by their stench and nastiness, occasions a dismal contagious disease, called the Jail distemper, which has frequently carried off great numbers, and even spread its contagion to the Court of Justice, where they take their trials. But to prevent these dreadful effects the city has introduced a ventilator on the top of Newgate, to expel the foul air, and make way for the admission of such as is fresh; and during the sessions herbs are also strewed in the Justice Hall, and the passages to it, to prevent infection.

In this prison there are however commodious and airy apartments for the use of such as are able to pay for them; and the advantage of a private passage behind the houses to Justice Hall in the Old Bailey, where they are in no danger of being rescued, while going to, or coming back from their trials. It is to be wished that this prison was made still more commodious; that the little cells of the malefactors were enlarged and rendered more airy, and that the proposal so often talked of, of building another prison for the debtors, was carried into execution.

Newgate Market, before the dreadful fire of London, was kept in Newgate street, where there was a market house for meal, and a middle row of sheds, which Maitland says, were afterwards converted into houses, inhabited by butchers, tripesellers, &c. while the country people, who brought provisions to the city, were forced to stand with their stalls in the open street, where their persons and goods were exposed to danger by the passage of coaches, carts, and cattle that passed through the streets. This must be allowed to have been a very inconvenient market, and the houses or sheds in the middle of the street, must almost have choaked up the passage, or at least have rendered it liable to frequent obstructions. At that time Butcher hall lane was filled with slaughter houses for the use of this market, and Blowbladder street was rendered remarkable by blown bladders hanging in the windows of the shops, where bladders were sold.

After the fire of London, which afforded an opportunity of rendering the new streets more commodious than the old ones had been, it was ordered by act of parliament that Newgate market should be removed from the street, and a square was formed on the south side for that purpose, surrounded by decent houses. This square is 194 feet long from east to west, and 148 feet broad from north to south. In the middle is a market house, under which are vaults or cellars, and the upper part of the building is employed as a kind of warehouse for the fruiterers, and the keepers of green stalls by night. In the shops under this building tripe and other things are sold, and in the middle near the market house are sold fruit and greens. At a convenient distance are shops for butchers, the sellers of butter, &c. and the houses beyond these, which extend along the sides of the market, are also taken up by butchers. It may be proper to observe with respect to the butter shops, that some of these contract for the produce of several dairies, and that it is not uncommon for one of these shops to take 30 or 40l. for butter alone, in a morning, even before eight or nine o’clock. The passages to the market from Paternoster row and Newgate street, are taken up with poulterers, bacon shops, fishmongers, and cheesemongers.

Newgate street, is a street of considerable trade, and extends from Blowbladder street, to Newgate.

New George street, 1. Near Bethnal green. 2. St. John’s street, Spitalfields.

New Gravel lane, Shadwell. Thus named from the carts loaded with gravel passing through it to the Thames, where the gravel was employed in ballasting of ships, before ballasting was taken out of the river. It obtained the epithet of New, to distinguish it from the Old Gravel lane, which was used for the same purpose long before.

Newell street, Berwick street, Old Soho.†

New Jail, in Southwark, a prison lately erected near Bridewell alley, in the Borough, for felons in the county of Surry.

Newington Butts, a village in Surry, extending from the end of Blackman street, to Kennington common, is said to receive the name of Butts, from the exercise of shooting at Butts, much practised, both here and in the other towns of England, in the reign of King Henry VIII. &c. to fit men to serve in the regiment of archers. But Mr. Aubrey thinks it received this name from the Butts of Norfolk, who had an estate here. The Drapers and Fishmongers company have almshouses here: and Mr. Whatley observes, that here were planted the first peaches so much esteemed, distinguished by the name of Newington peaches. The church here, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a rectory in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester, and the profits arising to the Incumbent amount to about 140l. per annum. Maitland. See Stoke Newington.

Newington causeway row, Blackman street.

Newington Green, a pleasant village between Islington and Stoke Newington, chiefly consisting of a handsome square of a considerable extent surrounded by houses which are in general well built; before each side is a row of trees, and an extensive grass plat in the middle. It is in the parish of Stoke Newington; on one side of the ground is a meeting house. See Stoke Newington.

New Inn, contiguous to St. Clement’s Inn, in Wych street, is one of the Inns of Chancery, and was founded about the year 1485, for the reception of the students of an Inn of Chancery, at the south east corner of Seacoal lane.

New Inn is an appendage to the Middle Temple, and is governed by a Treasurer and twelve Ancients, who, with the other members, are to be in commons a week every term, or to compound for the same. Maitland.

New Inn court, Wych street.

New Inn passage, Houghton street, Clare market.

New Inn yard, Holiwell street, Shoreditch.

New lane, Shad Thames.

Newman’s court, 1. In Cornhill.† 2. Farmer’s street, Shadwell.†

Newmarket street, Wapping.

New Marten street, Near East Smithfield.†

New Nicol street, Swanfields, Shoreditch.†

New North street, Theobald’s row, Red Lion street, Holborn.

New Packthread alley, Grange road, Bermondsey.

New Packthread yard, Westminster.

New Palace yard, by Union street, Westminster. When King Richard II. rebuilt Westminster Hall in the year 1397, that part was called the New Palace, and being inclosed with a wall, it had four gates, of which that leading to Westminster stairs is the only one now standing. The three others that have been demolished were, one on the north, which led to the Woolstaple; another to the west, a beautiful and stately edifice called High Gate, at the east end of Union street; and another at the north end of St. Margaret’s lane. Maitland.

New Park, in Surry. See Richmond.

New Paradise street, Rotherhith.

New Passage, 1. Bull and Mouth street, St. Martin’s le Grand. 2. Newgate market.

New Peter street, Peter street.

Newport alley, Newport street, near Newport market.

Newport court, Little Newport street, near Long Acre.

Newport Market, Litchfield street, a square with shops round it, with a market house in the middle, in which are shops for butchers, &c.

Newport street, Castle street, near Newport market.

New Prison, near the east end of Clerkenwell green, is a house of correction for the county of Middlesex, in which rogues and vagabonds are kept to hard labour. It was erected in the year 1615.

New Prison walk, a passage leading to the New Prison, Clerkenwell.

New Pump court, Moor lane, Cripplegate.

New Pye street, by Orchard street, Westminster.

New Queen street, Oxford street.

New Rag Fair, Rosemary lane, Little Tower hill.

New Rents, 1. Compter lane, St. Margaret’s hill. 2. St. Martin’s le Grand.

New River. Various were the projects in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth, and King James I. for supplying the city of London with a sufficient quantity of water, for domestic uses: the former granted an act of parliament, which gave the citizens liberty to cut and convey a river from any part of Middlesex or Hertfordshire to the city of London, within the limited time of ten years; and the latter granted another act, in which they obtained the same power, but without being confined to any limited time: nobody however began this great and important work, till at last Sir Hugh Middleton undertook to bring a river from Amwell in Hertfordshire to the north side of London near Islington.

The work began on the 20th of September 1608, and was attended with innumerable difficulties. The distance from London is twenty miles, and he was obliged, in order to avoid the eminences and vallies in the way, to make it run a course of thirty-eight miles three quarters and sixteen poles, and to carry it over two vallies in long wooden frames or troughs lined with lead; that at Buthill, being six hundred and sixty feet in length, and thirty in height; under which, for the passage of the land waters is an arch capacious enough to admit under it the largest waggon laden with hay, or straw: the other near Highbury is four hundred and sixty-two feet long, and seventeen in height, where it is raised along the top of high artificial banks, and at the bottom of the hollow supported by poles, so that any person may walk under it. In short over and under this river, which sometimes rises thus high, and at others is conveyed under ground, runs several considerable currents of land waters, and both above and below it a great number of brooks, rills, and water courses have their passage.

This river, which is of inestimable benefit to London, was by this truly great man brought to the city within the space of five years, and was admitted into the reservoir near Islington on Michaelmas day 1613; on which day Sir Thomas Middleton, brother to the great Sir Hugh, was elected Lord Mayor for the ensuing year, who accompanying Sir John Swinerton, then Lord Mayor, attended by many of the Aldermen, the Recorder, and other gentlemen, repaired to the bason, now called New River Head, when about sixty labourers, handsomely dressed, and wearing green caps, carrying spades, shovels, and pickaxes, marched, preceded by drums and trumpets, thrice round the bason, when stopping before the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and other gentlemen, who were seated upon an eminence, one of the labourers addressed himself to them in a long copy of verses, which being ended, the sluices were opened, and the stream ran plentifully into the reservoir, under the sound of drums and trumpets, the discharge of several pieces of ordnance, and the loud acclamations of the people.

Sir Hugh Middleton, to enable himself to complete this grand work, had at last, after spending his own fortune, been obliged to apply to King James I. who advancing a sum of money became entitled to a moiety of the profits; he was also obliged to sell many other shares, and in short, was in a manner entirely ruined by a project, that has been attended with unspeakable benefit to this city: since by the water of this river, a speedy stop has been put to a great number of dreadful fires, and the health of the city has been remarkably preserved by the cleanliness it has introduced among us. Yet so little was the great advantages that might then, and are now derived from this river, at that time understood, that for above thirty years there were not divided above 5l. odd money, to each of the shares, which are seventy-two in number.

This river now draws most of its water from the Lee, which being the property of the city of London, that corporation, contrary to the interest of the city in general, opposed a bill brought into parliament for giving farther powers to the New River company, to take the advantage that might be obtained by the river Lee: but the opposition was without effect, and in 1738–9 the bill passed into a law.

The Governors of the New River company then agreed with the proprietors of the lands on the river Lee for a cut of two cubic feet of water from that river, at a certain rate; and after the agreement, told them they would double the price for a four foot cut, which the proprietors agreed to, not considering the great disproportion between the two cuts; and this cut of the river Lee now supplies the largest share of the New River water.

In this river there are forty three sluices, and over it two hundred and fifteen bridges. On its approaching the reservoir, called New River Head, there are several small houses erected at a considerable distance from each other on its banks, into which the water runs and is conveyed by pipes to the nearer and more easterly parts of this metropolis. On its entering the above reservoir, it is there ingulphed by fifty-eight main pipes, each of seven inches bore; and here also an engine worked by horses, throws a great quantity of water up to another reservoir, situated on much higher ground, from which the water runs in pipes to supply the highest ground in the city, and its liberties. Many years ago 30,000 houses were thus supplied by this water, and since that time several main pipes have been laid to carry it into the liberties of Westminster.

This corporation consists of a Governor, Deputy Governor, Treasurer, and twenty-six Directors, these twenty-nine are the proprietors of the first thirty-six shares: for though the Crown’s moiety is in private hands, yet they have no share in the management. The above Governor and Directors keep their office at a coffee-house in Ludgate street where every Thursday they hold a board for appointing of officers, granting of leases, and redressing of grievances.

The officers and servants belonging to the company are, a clerk and his assistant; a surveyor and his deputy; fourteen collectors, who, after deducting 5l. per cent. for collecting the company’s rents, pay their money every Thursday to the treasurer; fourteen walksmen, who have their several walks along the river, to prevent throwing into it filth, or infectious matter; sixteen turncocks; twelve paviours; twenty borers of pipes; besides horse engines for boring of others, together with a great number of inferior servants and labourers.

New Round court, In the Strand.

New square, 1. Lincoln’s Inn. 2. In the Minories. 3. New street, St. Thomas’s, Southwark.

New street, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Cambridge street. 3. Cloth Fair, Smithfield. 4. Dyot street, St. Giles’s. 5. Horselydown. 6. Fore street, Lambeth. 7. Fox’s lane, Shadwell. 8. Lower Shadwell. 9. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. 10. Old street. 11. Queen street, in the Mint. 12. Shoe lane, Fleet street. 13. Shoemaker row, Black Friars. 14. Spring Gardens, Charing Cross. 15. St. Thomas’s Southwark. 16. Threadneedle street. 17. Upper Shadwell.

New Street hill, Shoe lane, Fleet street.

New Street square, near Shoe lane.

New Street Square lane, Shoe lane.

New Swan yard, Rag street.

New Thames street, Bank side, Southwark.

New Thames Street stairs, Bank side.

Newton’s court, Vine street.†

Newton street, High Holborn.†

New Tothill street, Near Westminster Abbey.

New Turnstile alley, Holborn.

New Turville street, Virginia row, Shoreditch.†

New Tyler street, Carnaby street.†

New way, 1. In the Maze, Tooley street. 2. Orchard street.

New well, Shad Thames, Horselydown.

New yard, Fenchurch street.

New York street, Skinners street, Shoreditch.

St. Nicholas Acons, a church which stood on the west side of Nicholas lane, in Langbourn ward, owed its name to its dedication to St. Nicholas, a citizen of Lycia in Asia Minor, who, though only a private housekeeper, was, from the caprice of the electors, chosen Bishop of Myræa; for the Bishops and Priests interested in the election not agreeing about the choice, came to an unanimous resolution that whatever person should first enter the church the next day, should be elected Bishop: when Nicholas repairing early next morning, to perform his devotions, being the first that entered, was chosen Bishop, pursuant to the above resolution; in which office his deportment was such, as to procure him a place among the class of saints.

The church being destroyed with most of the other public buildings by the fire of London, and not rebuilt, the parish was annexed to the church of St. Edmund the King. Newc. Repert. Eccles.

St. Nicholas alley, St. Nicholas lane, Lombard street.

St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, on the south side of Old Fish street, in Queenhithe ward, is thus denominated from its dedication to the above-mentioned saint, but the reason of the additional epithet is not known, some conjecturing that it is a corruption of Golden Abbey, and others that it is derived from Cold Abbey, or Coldbey, from its cold or bleak situation. It is known that there was a church in the same place before the year 1383: but the last structure being consumed in the great conflagration in 1666, the present church was built in its place, and the parish of St. Nicholas Olave united to it.

This edifice consists of a plain body well enlightened by a single range of windows decently ornamented. It is sixty-three feet long, and forty-three broad; thirty-six feet high to the roof, and an hundred thirty-five to the top of the spire. The tower is plain, but strengthened with rustic at the corners; and the spire, which is of the massy kind, has a gallery, and many openings.

The advowson of this church, which was anciently in the Dean and Chapter of St. Martin’s le Grand, is now in the Crown. The Rector, besides his other profits, receives 130l. a year in lieu of tithes. Maitland.

St. Nicholas lane, extends from Lombard street to Canon street.

St. Nicholas Shambles, a church formerly situated at the corner of Butcher hall lane, took its additional epithet from the flesh market, which before the fire of London extended along Newgate street. This church with its ornaments was given by King Henry VIII. to the Mayor and Commonalty of the city, towards the maintenance of the new parish church then to be erected in the Grey Friars. Maitland.

Nicholas’s Almshouse, in Monkwell street, was founded in the year 1575, by Sir Ambrose Nicholas, citizen and salter, for the accommodation of twelve widows of his company, to each of whom he allowed 1s. per week, and twenty-four bushels of coals a year. This charity he committed in trust to the company of Salters; the house was however destroyed in the great conflagration in 1666; but was soon after rebuilt, and each widow allowed two neat rooms and a garret. Maitland.

Nicoll’s alley, Cable street, Rag Fair, Rosemary lane.†

Nicoll’s court, 1. Rosemary lane, Little Tower hill.† 2. Sharp’s alley.†

Nicoll’s street, Shoreditch.†

Nightingale lane, 1. East Smithfield.† 2. Fore street, Limehouse.†

Nightingale turning, at the Hermitage, Wapping.†

Nippard’s court, Baldwin’s Gardens.†

Nixon’s court, Barnaby street, Southwark.†

Nixon’s square, a very mean little square, by Jewin street.†

Noah’s Ark alley, Narrow street, Ratcliff.* Noble street, 1. Foster lane, Cheapside.† 2. Goswell street, by Aldersgate bars.†

Noel street, Burlington Gardens.†

Nonesuch, in Surry, is situated near Sutton and Epsom, and was formerly called Cuddington, till a most magnificent palace was erected there, by Henry VIII. which obtained the name of Nonesuch from its unparallelled beauty. The learned Hentzner, in his Itinerarium, speaking of this palace, says, that it was chosen for his pleasure and retirement, and built by him with an excess of magnificence and elegance even to ostentation: one would imagine every thing that architecture can perform to have been employed in this one work: there are every where so many statues that seem to breathe, so many miracles of consummate art, so many casts that rival even the perfection of Roman antiquity, that it may well claim and justify its name of Nonesuch.

The palace itself is so encompassed with parks full of deer, delightful gardens, groves ornamented with trellis work, cabinets of verdure, and walks so embrowned by trees, that it seems to be a place pitched upon by Pleasure herself, to dwell in along with Health.

In the pleasure and artificial gardens are many columns and pyramids of marble, two fountains that spout water one round the other, like a pyramid, upon which are perched small birds that stream water out of their bills: in the grove of Diana is a very agreeable fountain, with Actæon turned into a stag, as he was sprinkled by the goddess and her nymphs, with inscriptions.

There is besides another pyramid of marble full of concealed pipes, which spirt upon all who come within their reach.

Such was this palace and gardens when Hentzner wrote, but King Charles II. gave it to the Duchess of Cleveland, who pulled it down and sold the materials; wherewith a new house was built by the Earl of Berkley, which was the seat of the late Earl of Guildford, and is now called Durdans; and Nonesuch, though it gives the title of Baron to the Duke of Cleveland, is now only a farm house.

Norfolk street, in the Strand. The bishop of Bath’s palace in the Strand, was afterwards, says Maitland, the Earl of Arundel’s, whence Arundel and Norfolk streets had their names.

Norman’s court, Cable street.†

Norris’s street, 1. In the Haymarket.† 2. Spitalfields.†

Norris’s wharf, Millbank, Westminster Horse ferry.

Norrison’s court, near Stangate.†

North Audley street, Grosvenor square.

North End, a pleasant village near Hammersmith, where are the handsome house and finely disposed gardens of the Earl of Tilney, and of the late Sir John Stanley.

North court, South street.

Northall, a village on the north side of Enfield Chace, three miles north of High Barnet, is said to be corruptly so called from Northaw, or the North Grove, here being a wood that belonged to the monastery of St. Alban’s. A noble house was built here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth by Henry Dudley Earl of Warwick; after whose death it came to several possessors, and being sold to William Leman, descended to Sir William Leman his grandson, who has given the rent of the wells to the poor of the parish. King James I. also gave 40l. a year to the town in lieu of the ground he laid into his park, at Theobald’s out of the common.

North passage, Wellclose square.

North Prescot alley, St. John’s street, Smithfield.

North row, North Audley street.

North street, 1. Lamb street, Spitalfields. 2. Poplar. 3. Smith Square, Westminster.

Northampton street, Wood’s close, St. John street.

Northumberland alley, Fenchurch street.

Northumberland court, 1. Southampton buildings, Chancery lane. 2. In the strand.

Northumberland House & Charing Cross.
S. Wale delin. J. Green sc. Oxon.

Northumberland House, derives its name from the title of the ancient and noble family, in whose possession it has been above 100 years. It is the town residence of the Right Honourable the Earl and Countess of Northumberland, and one of the largest and most magnificent houses in London. It was originally built very early in the reign of James I. by Henry Howard Earl of Northampton; and it is reasonable to infer from some letters discovered in the front when it was lately rebuilt, that one Miles Glover was the architect.

At first it consisted only of three sides of a square; one of which faced the street near Charing Cross, and the other two extended towards the Thames. The entrance was then, as it is now, thro’ a spacious arched gateway for coaches in the middle of the street front; and, what is remarkable, the principal apartments were in the third or highest story. During the life of the aforesaid Lord, it was called Northampton House, after his death it became the property of his near relation the Earl of Suffolk; in whose time it does not appear to have undergone any change except in name; for it was thereupon called Suffolk House.

In the reign of Charles I. Algernon Earl Of Northumberland, the Lord High Admiral of England, married Lord Suffolk’s daughter, and about the year 1642, became the proprietor of this house; from which time it has been well known by the name it now bears. To prevent mistakes, we beg leave to observe, that the Northumberland House, which is often mentioned in history before this period, stood in Aldersgate ward in the city, and was formerly, what this house is at present, the town seat of the Earls of Northumberland. But to return.

When London became more populous, and the buildings about Charing Cross daily increased, ‘twas found inconvenient to live in the apartments, which had been built by Lord Northampton; because they were greatly disturbed by the hurry and noise of passengers and coaches in the street. To avoid therefore that inconvenience, the aforesaid Earl of Northumberland compleated the square by building the fourth side; which being parallel and opposite to that next the street, is placed at a sufficient distance from the aforesaid disturbances, and almost enjoys all the advantages of retirement and a country seat. Inigo Jones appears to have been the architect employed for that purpose, and the front of the new side, which he built facing the garden, is very grand and stately, as the reader may see from the perspective view of it, annexed to this account.

Perhaps it will please some of our readers to be informed, that Lord Northumberland received General Monk, and had a conference with him and several of the leading men in the nation in one of these apartments. At which meeting the King’s restoration was for the first time proposed in direct terms, as a measure absolutely necessary to the peace of the kingdom.

In the year 1682, Charles Duke of Somerset married the Lady Elizabeth Percy, the daughter and heiress of Josceline Earl of Northumberland, and by that means became possessed of this house. Upon his death it descended to his son Algernon, by the aforesaid Lady, who succeeded to the title and a very large estate in 1748. His Grace immediately began to make alterations in some of the apartments, and to rebuild the front next the street; but, dying the year after, he did not live sufficient time to finish either.

The house in that condition, descended to his son-in-law and daughter, the present Earl and Countess of Northumberland; and it is in a great measure owing to the improvements, made by them at a very great expence and in a very fine taste, that Northumberland House is become a building so complete and stately, as to be generally admired for its elegance and grandeur.

The street was immediately made wider, and the front next to it compleated, as it appears in the print prefixed to this description. The four sides of the court were new faced with Portland stone, and finished in the Roman stile of architecture, so as to form as it were four stately fronts. Two new wings were also added, being above 100 feet in length, and extending from the garden front, towards the Thames. By means of these additions Northumberland House is more than twice as large as it was, when first built by Lord Northampton.

The entrance into it is on the side of the court opposite to the great gateway; the vestibule is about 82 feet long, and more than 12 feet broad, being properly ornamented with columns of the Doric order. Each end of it communicates with a stair case, leading to the principal apartments, which face the garden and the Thames. They consist of several spacious rooms, fitted up in the most elegant manner. The ceilings are embellished with copies of antique paintings, or fine ornaments of stucco, richly gilt. The chimney pieces consist of statuary and other curious marble, carved and finished in the most correct taste. The rooms are hung either with beautiful tapestry or the richest damasks, and magnificently furnished with large glasses, chairs, settees, marble tables, &c. with frames of the most exquisite workmanship, and richly gilt. They also contain a great variety of landscapes, history pieces, and portraits, painted by Titian and the most eminent masters. In some of the rooms may be seen large chests, embellished with old genuine japan; which being great rarities, are almost invaluable.

The company passes thro’ many of these apartments to the left wing, which forms a state gallery or ball room, admirable in every respect, whether we consider the dimensions, the taste, and masterly manner in which it is finished, or the elegant magnificence of the furniture.

It is 106 feet long, the breadth being a fourth part of the length, and the height equal to the diagonal of the square of the breadth; which proportions are esteemed to be the most proper for a gallery. The ceiling is coved and ornamented with figures and festoons richly gilt. To avoid repetitions, we beg leave once for all to say the same of the other decorations and frames of the furniture; for there is such a variety of gilding in the different parts of the gallery, that it would be endless to mention it in every particular description. But to proceed, the flat part of the ceiling is divided into five compartments, ornamented with fine imitations of some antique figures, as, a flying Fame blowing a trumpet; a Diana; a triumphal car drawn by two horses; a Flora; and a Victory holding out a laurel wreath. The entablature is Corinthian, and of most exquisite workmanship. The light is admitted thro’ nine windows in the side next the garden, being equidistant from one another, and in the same horizontal direction. Above these is another row of windows, which, tho’ not visible in the room, are so artfully placed as to throw a proper quantity of light over the cornice, so that the highest parts of the room are as much enlightened as the lowest, and the pictures on the opposite side are free from that confused glare, which would arise from a less judicious disposition. In the spaces between the windows, there are tables of antique marble, and stools covered with crimson damask, placed alternately. The piers are also ornamented with large square and oval glasses, arranged in the aforesaid order; the frames of which form a beautiful variety of foliage to adorn the higher parts quite up to the entablature.

Let us now pass over to the opposite side, which is divided into three large spaces by two chimney pieces made of statuary marble, with cornices supported by figures of Phrygian captives, copied from those in the Capitol at Rome, and executed in a very masterly manner. The finishing above the chimney pieces consists of terms, sphinxes, festoons, &c. and within the spaces formed by these ornaments are placed whole length portraits of the Earl and Countess of Northumberland in their robes.

That the three grand divisions of this side might be furnished in an elegant manner, his Lordship employed the most eminent masters to copy five of the most admired paintings in Italy, which are placed as follows: in the middle and largest division is Raphael’s celebrated school of Athens, copied from the original in the Vatican by Raphael Mengs. In the two other divisions on the right and left hand side of the former are placed the feast and council of the Gods, which were also painted by Raphael, and copied by Pompeio Battoni from the originals in the Little Farnese. The two ends of the gallery are ornamented with the triumphal procession of Bacchus and Ariadne (originally painted by Annibal Caracci in the Farnese palace) and Guido’s Aurora. The former was copied by Felice Costansi, and the latter by Masuccio, a scholar of Carlo Maratti, from the original in the Villa Rospigliosi. All these pictures are very large, being exactly of the same dimensions with the originals, and are copied in a very masterly manner. We heartily wish his Lordship’s taste in procuring them may incite those, who can afford it, to follow the example, and purchase copies of such paintings as are universally admired; for by these means not only private curiosity would be gratified, but the public taste also greatly improved.

Under the aforesaid pictures are placed large sophas, covered with crimson damask and richly ornamented. This gallery is lighted up for the reception of company in the evenings, by means of four glass lustres, consisting in all of as many branches as will receive 100 large wax candles, and suspended from the ceiling by long chains, magnificently gilt. We shall close our imperfect account of this stately gallery, by wishing that it was in the power of words to describe the fine effects, which arise from a view of its numberless beauties.

Besides the apartments already mentioned, there are above 140 rooms more in this house; which, being so numerous, and chiefly appropriated to the private uses of the family, cannot be particularly described in a work of this nature; however, we must add, that Lord and Lady Northumberland’s apartments are very commodious and elegantly furnished; her Ladyship’s closet is even a repository of curiosities, and, amongst other valuable things, contains so fine a collection of pictures, as to afford a most pleasing and almost endless entertainment to a connoisseur. The two libraries also consist of a great variety of books on the most useful and curious subjects, collected with judgement.

South View of Northumberland House.
S. Wale delin. C. Grignion sculp.

We have hitherto endeavoured to give some idea of the gradual improvements, by which Northumberland House acquired its present grandeur and magnificence; but we cannot take our leave of it without conducting, as it were, the reader into the garden, where he may enjoy the quiet and tranquility of the country amidst the noise and distraction of the town, and contrast the simple beauties of nature, with the stately productions of art.

It lies between the house and the Thames, and forms a pleasing piece of scenery before the principal apartments; for it consists of a fine lawn surrounded with a neat gravel walk, and bounded next the walls by a border of curious flowers, shrubs and ever-greens. At the end of the garden beyond the wall, were a few buildings which his Lordship ordered to be taken down, to open a larger prospect across the Thames to Southwark, and into the country behind it. And, as the horizon is finely diversified with hills, which when every thing is compleated, will appear as it were in the back scene, the view will command a very beautiful landscape.

Northumberland place, Fenchurch street.

Northumberland street, a handsome street now building in the Strand, by Northumberland House, down to the Thames, the houses in Hartshorn alley being pulled down for that purpose.

Norton Falgate, a street which extends from the end of Bishopsgate without to Shoreditch.

Norwich court, East Smithfield.

Nottingham court, Castle street, Long Acre.

Nottingham street, Plumtree street.

Nun’s court, 1. Coleman street. 2. New Gravel lane.

Nutkin’s corner, Rotherhith wall.†

Nutmaker’s rents, New Gravel lane, Shadwell.†

O.

Oakey street, Thames street.†

Oakey’s court, Hare street, Brick lane, Spitalfields.†

Oakley’s yard, Town ditch, by Christ’s hospital.†

Oar street, Gravel lane, near Falcon stairs.

Oat lane, Noble street, Foster lane, Cheapside.

View from the Terrace at Oatland.
S. Wale delin. F. Vivares sculp.

Oatlands, adjoining to Weybridge in Surry, is the seat of the Earl of Lincoln. The park is about four miles round. The house is situated about the middle of the terrace, whose majestic grandeur, and the beautiful landscape which it commands, words cannot describe, nor the pencil delineate so as to give an adequate idea of this fine scene.

The serpentine river which you look down upon from the terrace, though artificial, appears as beautiful as it could do were it natural; and a stranger who did not know the place would conclude it to be the Thames, in which opinion he would be confirmed by the view of Walton bridge over that river, which by a happy contrivance is made to look like a bridge over it, and closes the prospect that way finely.

Oatmeal yard, Barnaby street, Southwark.

Ocean street, Stepney.

Of alley, York buildings. See the article York buildings.

Ogden’s court, Wych street, Drury lane.†

Ogle street, Margaret’s street, Cavendish square.†

Ogilby’s court, Long ditch.†

Old Artillery ground, Steward street.

St. Olave’s Hart street, situated at the south side of Hart street in Tower street ward, is thus denominated from its dedication to St. Olave, or Olaus, King of Norway, who from his strong attachment to the Christian religion, took part in the disputes with the English and Danes; for this, together with his supporting Christianity in his own dominions, and his sufferings on that account, he stands sainted in the Roman calendar.

A church stood in the same place, dedicated to the same royal patron, before the year 1319. The present structure is of considerable antiquity, for it escaped the flames in 1666, and since that time has had several repairs and additions, among which last is the portico; this is no small ornament, though it is not well adapted to the edifice. This portico was added in the year 1674.

This is a mixed building, with respect to its materials, as well as its form, part being of square stone, part of irregular stone, and part of brick. The body, which is square, is fifty-four feet in length, and the same in breadth; the height of the roof is thirty feet, and that of the steeple sixty. The windows are large and gothic, and every thing plain except the portico, which is formed of Corinthian pilasters, with an arched pediment. The tower, which consists of a single stage above the roof, is also extremely plain, and the turret wherewith it is crowned is well proportioned.

The patronage of this rectory has all along been in private hands. The Incumbent, besides several annual donations, and other profits, receives 120l. a year in tithes.

Mr. Weaver in his funeral monuments, mentions the following very whimsical one in this church, for Dame Anne, the wife of Sir John Ratcliff, Knt. which is to be read both downwards and upwards,

Mr. Munday, in his edition of Stow’s survey, mentions another here, which though of a different kind, appears equally extraordinary.

As I was, so be ye; as I am, you shall be.

What I gave, that I have; what I spent, that I had.

Thus I count all my cost; what I left that I lost.

John Organ, obiit An. Dom. 1591.

St. Olave’s Jewry, situated on the west side of the Old Jewry, in Coleman street ward, was anciently denominated St. Olave’s Upwell, from its dedication to the saint of that name, and probably from a well under the east end, wherein a pump is now placed; but that gave way to the name of Jewry, owing to this neighbourhood’s becoming the principal residence of the Jews in this city.

Here was a parish church so early as the year 1181; the last sacred edifice was destroyed by the fire of London, and the present finished in 1673. It consists of a well enlightened body, seventy-eight feet in length, and twenty-four in breadth; the height to the roof is thirty-six feet, and that of the tower and pinacles eighty-eight. The door is well proportioned, and of the Doric order, covered with an arched pediment. On the upper part of the tower, which is very plain, rises a cornice supported by scrolls; and upon this plain attic course, on the pillars at the corners, are placed the pinacles, standing on balls, and each terminated on the top by a ball.

This church, tho’ anciently a rectory, is now a vicarage in the gift of the Crown; and the parish of St. Martin, Ironmonger lane, is now united to it, by which the Incumbent’s profits are considerably increased; he receives besides other profits, 120l. a year in lieu of tithes.

St. Olave’s Silver street, stood at the south west corner of Silver street, in Aldersgate ward; but being consumed by the fire of London, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to the neighbouring church of St. Alban’s Wood street.

St. Olave’s Southwark, is situated in Tooley street, near the south end of London bridge. Tho’ the time when a church was first erected in this place cannot be discovered, yet it appears to be of considerable antiquity, since it is mentioned so early as the year 1281. However, part of the old church falling down in 1736, and the rest being in a ruinous condition, the parishioners applied to parliament for a power to rebuild it, which being granted, they were thereby enabled to raise the sum of 5000l. by a rate of 6d. in the pound, to be levied out of the rents of all lands and tenements within the parish; accordingly the church was taken down in the summer of the year 1737, and the present structure finished in 1739.

It consists of a plain body strengthened with rustic quoins at the corners; the door is well proportioned without ornament, and the windows are placed in three series; the lowest is upright, but considerably broad; those above them circular, and others on the roof are large and semicircular. The tower consists of three stages; the uppermost of which is considerably diminished; in this is the clock, and in the stages below are large windows. The top of the tower is surrounded by a plain substantial balustrade, and the whole has an air of plainness and simplicity.

It is a rectory in the gift of the Crown, and the Incumbent’s profits are said to amount to about 400l. per annum.

St. Olave’s School. See the article Queen Elizabeth’s School.

Old Artillery Ground, Artillery lane, Spitalfields. See the article Artillery Ground.

Old Bailey, a street which extends from Ludgate hill to the top of Snow hill, by Newgate. On the upper part near Fleet lane, the street is divided into two by a middle row of buildings, whence that towards the west is called Little Old Bailey, and the other to the eastward, is called Great Old Bailey. This street from Ludgate hill to Fleet lane, is in the liberties of the Fleet. In the upper part is Justice Hall commonly called the Sessions house, and in the lower part Surgeons Hall. Maitland observes, that the Old Bailey took its name from the Bale or Bailiff’s house, formerly standing there.

Old Barge House stairs, Glasshouse yard, near Angel street, Southwark.

Old Barge House stairs lane, near Angel street, and almost opposite the Temple.

Old Bear Garden, Maid lane, Southwark; thus named from a bear garden formerly there.

Old Bedlam, or Old Bethlem, Bishopsgate street. See the article Bethlem Hospital.

Old Bedlam court, Old Bedlam.

Old Bedlam lane, Bishopsgate street, near Moorfields, where Bethlem hospital formerly stood.

Old Belton street, Brownlow street.†

Old Bond street, Piccadilly.

Old Bosville court, Clement’s lane, Temple bar.†

Old Brewhouse yard, Chick lane, Smithfield.

Old Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn.

Old Burlington mews, Old Bond street.

Old Castle street, Wentworth street.

Old Change, extends from Cheapside to Old Fish street. Here was formerly kept the King’s exchange for the receipt of bullion to be coined. Maitland.

Old Comber’s court, Blackman street, Southwark.†

Old Fish street, Knightrider’s street; so called from a fish market being formerly kept there. Maitland.

Old Fish Street hill, Thames street, obtained its name also from a market.

Old Ford, in Stepney parish, near Stratford le Bow.

Old George street, Wentworth street.

Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff highway; so called from its being anciently a way through which carts laden with gravel from the neighbouring fields, used to pass to the river Thames, where it was employed in ballasting of ships, before ballast was taken out of the river.

Old Gravel walk, Bunhill fields.

Old Hog yard, Peter lane, St. John’s street, Smithfield.

Old Horselydown lane, Horselydown, Tooley street.

Old Horseshoe wharf, Thames street.

Old Jewry in the Poultry. This street was originally called the Jewry, from its being the residence of the Jews in this city; but the Jews being banished by Edward I. they upon their readmission into England, settled in this city near Aldgate, in a place from them called Poor Jewry lane, on which occasion this, their ancient place of abode, was called the Old Jewry. Maitland.

Old Market lane. Brook’s street, Ratcliff.†

Old Montague street, Spitalfields.†

Old Nicoll’s street, Spitalfields.†

Old North street, Red Lion square.

Old Packthread ground, Grange lane.

Old Palace yard, by St. Margaret’s lane, Westminster, was built by Edward the Confessor, or, as others say, by William Rufus, and received the name of Old on the building of New Palace yard. See New Palace yard.

Old Paradise street, Rotherhith.

Old Park yard, Queen street, Southwark.

Old Pav’d alley, Pallmall.

Old Pipe yard, Puddle dock.

Old Pye street, by New Pye street, Westminster.

Old Round court, in the Strand.

Old Shoe alley, Hoxton.

Old Soho street, near Leicester fields.

Old Square, Lincoln’s Inn.

Old Starch yard, Old Gravel lane.

Old street, a street of great length, beginning at Goswell street, and extending east towards Shoreditch. It received its ancient name of Eald street, or Old street, from the Saxons, as being situated along the Roman Military Way, at a considerable distance north of London, though it is now joined to this metropolis. Maitland.

Old Street square, Old street.

Old Swan lane, Thames street.*

Old Swan stairs, Ebbgate lane, Thames street.*

Old Swan yard, Rag street.*

Old Tailor street, King street, Golden square.

Oliphant’s lane, Rotherhith.†

Olive court, 1. Gravel lane. 2. St.Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield.

Oliver’s alley, in the Strand.†

Oliver’s court, Bowling alley, Westminster.†

Oliver’s mount, David street, Grosvenor square.

One Gun alley, Wapping.*

One Swan yard, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Rag street, Hockley in the Hole.*

One Tun alley, Hungerford Market.*

One Tun yard, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Onslow street, Vine street, Hatton wall.†

Oram’s court, Water lane, Tower street.†

Orange court, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields, 2. King’s street, Soho, 3. Wapping.

Orange street, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields, 2. Lowman’s street, Gravel lane. 3. Red Lion square, Holborn. 4. Swallow street. 5. Sun Tavern fields.

The Orchard, 1. Bread street, Ratcliff. 2. Butcher row. 3. Limehouse causeway. 4. New street, Shadwell. 5. In Wapping. 6. Near Wapping.

Orchard street, 1. Near the Stable yard, Westminster, from the royal orchard formerly there. 2. Windmill street.

Office of Ordnance, in the Tower. This office is a modern building, a little to the north east of the white tower; and to the officers belonging to it, all other offices for supplying artillery, arms, ammunition, or other warlike stores to any part of the British dominions, are accountable; and from this office all orders for the disposition of warlike materials are issued. It is therefore of very great importance, as it has under its care the ammunition necessary for the defence of the kingdom, and the protection of our allies.

In ancient times before the invention of guns, this office was supplied by officers under the following names; the Bowyer, the Cross Bowyer, the Galeator, or Purveyor of helmets, the Armourer, and the Keeper of the tents; and in this state it continued till King Henry VIII. placed it under the management of a Master, a Lieutenant, a Surveyor, &c. as it still continues with some improvements.

The office of ordnance is now divided into two branches, the civil and the military; the latter being subordinate and under the authority of the former.

The principal officer in the civil branch of the office of ordnance is the Master General, who has a salary of 1500l. per annum, and is invested with a peculiar jurisdiction over all his Majesty’s engineers employed in the several fortifications of this kingdom, to whom they are all accountable, and from whom they receive their particular orders and instructions, according to the directions and commands given by his Majesty and council.

The Lieutenant General, who receives all orders and warrants signed by the Master General, and from the other principal officers, and sees them duly executed; issues orders, as the occasions of the state may require; and gives directions for discharging the great guns, when required at coronations, on birth days, festivals, signal victories, and other solemn occasions. It is also his peculiar office to see the train of artillery, and all its equipage fitted for motion, when ordered to be drawn into the field. He has a salary of 1100l. per annum; and under him is a clerk in ordinary, who has 150l. a year; an inferior clerk, and a clerk extraordinary, who have each 40l. a year.

The Surveyor inspects the stores and provisions of war in the custody of the Storekeeper, and sees that they are ranged and placed in such order as is most proper for their preservation. He allows all bills of debt, and keeps a check upon all artificers and labourers work; sees that the stores received be good and serviceable, duly proved, and marked, if they ought to be so, with the King’s mark, taking to his assistance the rest of the officers and Proof Masters. His salary is 700l. per annum.

As his post necessarily makes some assistance necessary, he has under him the Proof Master of England, who has 150l. a year. Two clerks of the fortifications, who have 60l. a year each, and another of 40l. Besides, in this time of war he has under him six extra clerks, who have each 40l. a year; and another who has 4s. 6d. a day.

The Clerk of the ordnance records all orders and instructions given for the government of the office; all patents and grants; the names of all officers, clerks, artificers, attendants, gunners, labourers, &c. who enjoy those grants, or any other fee for the same; draws all estimates for provisions and supplies to be made, and all letters, instructions, commissions, deputations, and contracts for his Majesty’s service; makes all bills of imprest, and debentures, for the payment and satisfaction for work done, and provisions received in the said office; all quarter books for the salaries and allowances of all officers, clerks, &c. belonging to the office; and keeps journals and ledgers of the receipts and returns of his Majesty’s stores, to serve as a check between the two accomptants of the office, the one for money, and the other for stores. His salary is 500l. per annum, and 100l. a year for being a check on the Storekeeper.

The great business of this officer is managed, under him, by six clerks in ordinary, one of whom has 180l. a year, another 150l. two 60l. a year, one 50l. and one 4s. a day: and he has at present thirteen clerks extraordinary, who have 40l. a year each. There are besides under him a ledger keeper to the out ports, and a home ledger keeper, who have 60l. a year.

The Storekeeper takes into his custody all his Majesty’s ordnance, munitions and stores belonging thereto, and indents and puts them in legal security, after they have been surveyed of by the Surveyor: any part of which he must not deliver, without a warrant signed by the proper officers; nor must he receive back any stores formerly issued, till they have been reviewed by the Surveyor, and registered by the Clerk of the ordnance in the book of remains: and he must take care that whatever is under his custody be kept safe, and in such readiness as to be fit for service upon the most peremptory command. His salary is 400l. per annum.

The Storekeeper has under his command three clerks in ordinary, one of whom has 150l. and another 60l. per annum, and also three extra clerks, each at 40l. a year.

The Clerk of the deliveries draws all orders for delivery of any stores, and sees them duly executed: he also charges by indenture the particular receiver of the stores delivered; and, in order to discharge the Storekeeper, he registers the copies of all warrants for the deliveries, as well as the proportions delivered. His salary is 400l. a year.

The above officer has under him two clerks in ordinary, one who has 150l. and another who has 70l. per annum, and also four clerks extraordinary who have each 40l. a year.

The Treasurer and Paymaster receives and pays all monies, both salaries and debentures in and belonging to this office. His salary is 500l. a year.

The above officer is assisted in his double employment of receiving and paying by three clerks in ordinary, one of whom has 150l. another 60l. and another 50l. per annum, and by three clerks extraordinary, each of whom has 40l. a year.

In this office there are likewise two Proof Masters, who have 20l. a year each; a Clerk of the works, who has 120l. a year; a Purveyor for the land, who has 100l. a year; a Purveyor for the sea, who has 40l. a year; an Architect, who has 120l. a year; an Astronomical Observator, who has 100l. a year, and some other officers.

In the other part of this office termed the Military Branch of the Ordnance, is a Chief Engineer, who has 501l. 17s. 4d. a year; a Director, who has 365l. per annum; eight engineers in ordinary, who have 10s. a day; eight engineers extraordinary at 6s. a day; eleven sub-engineers, at 73l. a year each; and sixteen pract. engineers, at 3s. a day.——See an account of the arms belonging to this office under the article Tower.

Ormond’s mews, 1. Duke street, Piccadilly. 2. Great Ormond street, Red Lion street, Holborn.

Ormond street, Red Lion street, Holborn.

A catalogue of the pictures of Charles Jennens, Esq; in Ormond street.

The nativity, after Pietro di Cortona.

The Magi offering, Carlo Maratti.

A holy family, after Raphael.

A holy family, by Fr. Mazzuoli Parmegiano.

A piece of fruit, &c. by De Heem.

A landscape, by Cl. Lorraine, allowed capital.

A landscape, with St. Jerom and the lion, by Nic. Poussin.

Cattle and fowls, by Bened. Castiglione.

The finding of Moses, by Lucatelli.

A land storm, by Gasp. Poussin.

A bagpiper, by Spagnolet.

A landscape, by Nic. Poussin.

A view of the Rhine, by Sachtleven.

Ruins, by Harvey, with Christ and the woman of Canaan, by J. Vanderbank, sky and trees by Wotton.

A man with a straw hat eating porridge, by Annibal Caracci.

A view of the castle of St. Angelo, by Marco Ricci.

A miracle, by Seb. Concha.

A boy’s or girl’s head, by Guido.

The crucifixion, by Vandyke.

St. John the Baptist baptizing Christ, by Rottenhammer.

Three boys, viz. Christ, John the Baptist, and an angel, of the school of Rubens or Vandyke.

A holy family.

St. Paul and King Agrippa, after Le Sueur.

A philosopher mending a pen, A. le Pape.

St. Cecilia in a circle of flowers, by Philippo Laura, in the manner of Domenichino, the flowers by Mario di Fiori.

A landscape, by Both.

Butler the poet, by Zoust.

A holy family (small) by Seb. Bourdon.

A storm, by Vandervelde.

A oval of flowers, with the wise men offering, by father Seegers.

A piece of architecture, with the landing of Æsculapius at Rome, by P. Panini.

A madona, &c. by Carlo Maratti.

A landscape, by Moucheron, with figures by Berchem.

The two Maries at the sepulchre, by Pietro di Cortona.

Bishop Ken, by Riley.

David and Saul, by Jordans of Antwerp, or Van Harp.

A sun-set, by Vanderneer.

Abraham and Melchisedech, by Castiglione.

A nativity, after Giuseppe Chiari.

A landscape, by Vandiest.

A carpet, &c. by Malteese.

A landscape, by Claude, first manner.

A landscape, by Rowland Savory, with Cain and Abel.

Two pieces of fish and fowl, by Rysbrack.

Nativity, by Albani.

An old man’s head, by Rembrandt.

A landscape, by Retork, in the manner of Elsheimer.

Christ going to be crucified, a sketch, by Annibal Caracci.

Tobias and the angel, by Mich. Angelo de Caravaggio.

Celebration of Twelfth-night, by David Rykart.

Moon-light, by Vandiest.

Figures and cattle, by Van Bloom.

A landscape and a sea view, by Vandiest.

A sleeping boy, by Simon Vouet.

The wise men offering, by Aug. Caracci.

A nativity, by Le Sueur.

A landscape with the flight into Egypt, by Antonio (called Gobbo) Caracci, figures by Domenichino.

A conversation, by Teniers.

A sea piece, by Vandervelde.

The inside of a church, by De Neef.

A landscape with Balaam and the angel.

A landscape and ruins, by Gasp. Poussin.

Shakespear, in crayons, by Vandergucht, from the only original picture, which is in the possession of Lady Carnarvon.

Christ praying in the garden, by Ludovico Caracci, a capital piece.

Abraham and Melchisedech, after Raphael, by Nic. Poussin.

Dead game, by De Koning, with a man, by Luca Jordano; but some are of opinion the whole piece is by L. Jordano.

Two door pieces, by Tempesta and Crescentio.

A landscape with cattle and figures, by Berchem.

The raising of Lazarus, by Paulo Lozza.

A Magdalen, by Giuseppe Cari.

A small picture of P. Charles and his brother.

King James II. when Duke of York, after Sir Peter Lely.

Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex.

The head of a female saint.

A head, after Titian.

Christ preaching on the mount, by Van Rhyschoot.

David playing on the harp to cure Saul, by Hayman.

A landscape with a view of Hampstead and Highgate, by Lambert.

The resurrection of Christ, by Hayman.

A landscape, by Gainsborough.

Sir John Falstaff, &c. by Hayman.

An angel sleeping, after Guido.

A small head, by Frank Hals.

Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde.

A flower piece, by O. Baptist.

Moses striking the rock, by Le Brun.

King Charles I. after Vandyke.

King Charles II. and his Queen, by Sir P. Lely.

Duke of Ormond, by Dahl.

A statuary, by Spagnolet.

An old man reading, by Guercino.

A landscape and figures, by Paul Brill.

Ruins and figures, by Viviano and J. Miel.

A landscape and figures, by Fr. Bolognese.

Titian and Aretine, after Titian.

A view of Pliny’s villa, by Lucatelli.

Pr. Rupert, half length, by Greenhill.

A sea piece, by Vandiest.

A flower piece, by O. Baptist.

Gustavus Adolphus, by Mirevelt.

A conversation, by Bamboccio.

Temptation of St. Anthony, by Brower, the landscape, Paul Brill.

A landscape, Gasp. Poussin, the figures by Philippo Laura.

A dead Christ, &c. of the school of Caracci.

A landscape and figures, Fr. Miel.

Gen. Monk, when young, 3 qrs.

A man singing, by Brower.

A landscape, by Claude Lorraine.

A landscape with high rocks, by Salvator Rosa.

A view of St. Mark’s Place at Venice in carnival time, Canaletti.

A view of the great canal at Venice, by Canaletti.

A landscape, by Rembrandt.

A lutanist, by Fr. Hals.

A moon-light, by Vanderneer.

The Chevalier de St. George in miniature.

A musician’s head, by Rembrandt.

A circle of flowers, by Baptist; with Christ and the woman of Samaria, by Cheron.

A madona, of the school of Carlo Maratti.

A half length of General Monk, copied from Sir Peter Lely.

A landscape, by Tillemans.

A sea piece, a squall, by Vandervelde.

A night storm, by De Vlieger.

The virgin, with the child asleep.

A view of a water mill.

A cobler.

An ascension, by Gius. Chiari.

Two landscapes, by Houseman.

Two pictures of the Chevalier and the Princess Louisa his sister.

King James the 2d’s Queen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

The burning of Troy, by Van Hiel.

A view in Holland, by Van Goen.

A landscape, in Van Goen’s manner.

A landscape and figure, by Van Goen.

The Marquis of Hamilton, after Vandyke.

A small round landscape.

A large landscape, by Lucas Van Uden.

Salvator Mundi, by Vandyke.

A sea piece and landscape, by Vander Cabel.

Lord Clarendon, by Dobson.

A small round landscape, in the manner of Bourgognone.

A sea piece, by De Man.

King James I. half length, by Mytons.

Two landscapes, by Ruysdale.

The conversion of St. Paul, by P. Snayer.

A small head on silver, supposed the Marq. of Montrose, by Ferd. Laithe.

J. Miel, the painter, by himself.

Two small pictures, by Horizonti.

Two ditto, by Lucatelli.

Prince Henry, by P. Oliver.

Ruins of the Temple of Minerva, by Viviano, or Salvius.

A landscape, by Rubens.

A landscape, by Fauquier.

A frost piece, by Ostade.

A landscape, by Gasp. de Wit, figures by Ferg.

Ruins and figures, by Marco and Seb. Ricci.

A sea view, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, in the manner of Van Uden.

Philippo Laura, by himself.

Two small views, by Cocoranti.

A sea calm, by Woodcock.

David and Abigail, by Brughel.

A sea view, by Bonaventure Peters.

A landscape, by Martin Rykaert.

Two small landscapes, by Artois.

The finding of Moses, by Romanelli.

Dead birds, by Ferguson.

Two landscapes, by Ruysdale.

St. John led by his disciples, by Blanchet.

A landscape, by Rembrandt.

A landscape, by Ruysdale, the figures by Wovermans.

A lady’s head, by Cornelius Johnson.

Lord Carnarvon, by Sir P. Lely.

A Dutch watchmaker, by Fr. Hals.

A landscape, by Van Huysum.

A landscape, by J. Asselyn.

A landscape, by Swanevelt.

A landscape, by Francisco Mille.

The marriage of St. Catharine, after Giorgione.

A landscape, by Swanevelt.

A landscape, with Argus and Hermes.

The last supper, by Vandyke or Dieperbeck.

The flight into Egypt, by Polembergh.

L. D’Honat’s Eden.

A calm, by Vandervelde, best manner.

The good Samaritan.

A landscape, by Tempesta.

St. Peter walking on the sea, by Paul Brill.

Fowls, by Cradock.

A storm (small) by Vandervelde.

Ruins, by Viviano.

The transfiguration, after Raphael.

A landscape and figures, by Bourgognone.

A winter piece, by Molinaer.

St. Jerom, by Teniers.

A landscape, by Rousseau.

Ruins, by Panini.

A sun-rising, by Courtois.

A landscape, by Old Patell.

A church, by De Neef, the priest carrying the host; the figures by Teniers.

St. Sebastian, after Domenichino.

St. Peter delivered out of prison, by De Neef, the figures by O. Teniers.

A head (supposed of an apostle) by Vandyke.

The flight into Egypt, a sketch, by Gius. Passeri.

Part of Titian’s Comari, copied by Dahl.

A head of Christ crowned with thorns, by Guido.

Christ crowned with thorns, with the reed in his hand, of the school of Caracci.

Lot going out of Sodom, and Abraham with three Angels, two drawings, by Cheron.

St. Jerom in a cave, by Teniers.

The murder of the innocents, a drawing after Raphael.

A drawing after Nic. Poussin, by Cheron, of the passage thro’ the red sea.

A Roman sacrifice, a drawing from the antique, by Cheron.

A land storm, by Peters, or Teniers.

Christ driving the buyers and sellers out of the temple, by Jac. Bassano.

Two conversations in water colours, by Fergue.

A boy and girl, heads.

A landscape and sea piece in water colours, by Tillemans.

Two landscapes in the manner of Brughel, by Old Grissier.

A landscape, by Fergue.

A view of Scheveling, by De Vleiger.

A sea piece, by Vandervelde.

A front piece, by Bonaventure Peters.

Two landscapes, by Polembergh.

A landscape, by Sachtleven.

A landscape, by Van Maas.

A gale and view, by Backhuysen.

Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Hobbima.

A head of Seb. Bourdon, by Netschar.

Eliezer and Rebecca, by Vander Cabel.

Christ sleeping, of the school of Carlo Maratti.

A view in Rome, by Gaspar D’Ochiale.

A landscape and cattle, by Cuyp.

A brisk gale, by Vandervelde.

A boy’s head, by Dubois.

Christ and the two Disciples at Emmaus, by Teniers.

A head of Richard Penderith.

A landscape, by Molyn.

A sea piece, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Vanderheyden.

A landscape, by Van Balen, with a holy family.

A sea piece, by Backhuysen.

A sea piece, by De Vlieger.

Two landscapes, by Both.

Chickens, a study, by Hondicooter.

A sea piece, by Vangoen.

A sea piece, by Ruysdale.

A frost piece, by Adr. Vandevelde.

A landscape, by Wovermans.

An inn yard, copy from Wovermans.

A moon-light, by Vanderneer.

A frost piece, by Molenaer.

A landscape, by Housemans.

Two Dutch views, Flemish.

Judith with Holofernes’s head, by Bronzino.

Jerome Cardan.

A hermit contemplating eternity, by Salvator Rosa.

St. Jerome, by Guido.

A landscape, with the flight into Egypt, by Domenichino.

A landscape, by Courtois.

Two landscapes, by Godfrey.

Tobias curing his father’s eyes, by Rembrandt.

Morning and Evening, by Berghem.

A landscape, by Old Patelle.

The wise men offering, by Rotenhamer.

A landscape, by Wovermans.

Ruins, by Viviano.

View of the Colisæum, by Paulo Panini.

Dead game, by Baltazar Caro.

Architecture, by Ghisolfi.

A landscape, by Swanevelt.

A landscape with rocks, by Teniers, or P. Snayer.

A landscape, by Van Zwierin.

A landscape with others, by Teniers.

Two landscapes, by Vincaboon.

A landscape, by Fr. Miel.

A view of Willybos, by T. Molinaer.

A landscape, by Both and Bodwyn.

Iphigenia, after Bourdon.

A landscape, by P. Brill, or Vincaboon.

A white fox or racoon, by Hondicooter.

A small gale, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Both.

A landscape, by De Vries.

The fable of the Satyr and clown, by Sorgue.

A landscape, by Ruysdale.

Ditto, by Both.

A philosopher’s head, by Pietro da Pietri.

A battle, by Tillemans.

Ruins, by Ghisolfi.

A landscape, by Fauquier.

Ditto, perhaps Artois.

A sketch of a sea fight, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, with Elijah and the ravens, by R. Savory.

Two pictures of lions and tygers, by J. Vanderbank.

Christ and the Samaritan woman, and Mary Magdalen in the garden, by Columbell.

Head of Annibal Caracci, by himself.

A view of the Rhine, by Vosterman.

The nativity, a sketch, by Rubens.

A sea piece, by Monamy.

Two landscapes, by Vandiest.

An emblematical picture of Justice, by Solimeni.

Virgin and child, and St. Francis with angels, by Seb. Concha.

St. Francis asleep, an angel fiddling, after Philippo Laura.

A storm, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Kierings.

A landscape, by De la Hire.

A copy, from Claude.

A view, with ruins and figures, by Marco and Sebastian Ricci.

A fresh gale, by Vandervelde.

Hagar and Ishmael, by Val. Castelli.

St. Jerome, by Guido.

Riposo, by L. Caracci, or Carlo Cignani.

Two landscapes, by Vorsterman.

Peter in prison, by Stenwick.

Destruction of Sodom, by ditto.

The deluge, by Polemburgh.

Corps de Guard and its companion, by Bamboccio.

A landscape, by Mat. Brill.

A landscape, in imitation of Ruysdale.

A landscape, with a Magdalen, by Teniers.

A landscape, by Ruysdale.

The head of Isaiah, on paper, by Raphael.

A conversation, by Ostade.

A battle, by Bourgognone.

Soldier and boors fighting, Molinaer.

A landscape, Swanevelt.

Belshazzar’s feast, after Rembrandt, by Tillemans.

Still life, Edema.

A hen and chickens, Cradock.

A battle, by Vander Mulen.

The mocking of Christ, by Cheron.

Incendio del Borgo, after Raphael.

Christ and St. Thomas, Cavedone.

Two portraits of P. Cha. and his mother.

A fruit piece, by Mich. Angelo Campidoglio, o da Pace.

David and Solomon, Rubens.

Two landscapes, Annib. Caracci.

A conversation, Seb. Bourdon.

A conversation, with dancing, Annib. Caracci.

A masquerade, Gobbo Caracci.

Benjamin accused of stealing the cup, by J. De Wit.

Two landscapes, by Mola.

The battle of Amazons, after Jul. Romano.

Two landscapes, Vincaboon.

Mr. Handel’s picture, by Hudson.

Fowls, &c. Y. Wenix.

The passage of the red sea, by De Wit.

A concert of music, by Pasqualini.

Hero and Leander, by Elsheimer.

Two heads of Lodov. and Aug. Caracci.

A sea port, by Storck.

A pieta, Trevisani.

Christ, Simon the Pharisee, and M. Magdalen, by Lappi.

A view of Scheveling, a storm coming on, by Ruysdale.

A battle, by Mich. Angelo delle Battaglie.

St. Sebastian, by Guercino.

Bened. Castiglione, by himself.

A landscape, with cattle, by Cuyp.

The inside of the Jesuits church at Antwerp, by De Neef.

A landscape with cattle, by Rosa of Tivoli.

Æolus and the four winds, by Carlo Maratti.

Two heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, by Guercino.

Christ asleep, with two angels looking on, by Murillo.

A wounded stag swimming across a brook.

St. Jerome and the Angel with a trumpet, by Guercino.

A view of Sulftara, by Berchem and Both.

A battle of the bridge, by Bourgognone.

A landscape, with a Magdalen in it, by Albani, or Bartolom. Breenberg in imitation of him.

A sketch of martyrdom, by Vandyke.

A horse watering, by Wovermans.

A landscape, by Adr. Vandervelde.

A copy of Raphael’s Heliodorus.

A sketch, by Rubens, of binding of Samson.

A sea port, by J. Miel.

A landscape, by Paul Brill.

A landscape, by Tillemans, or Houseman.

A sea piece, by Dubbels.

A chalk kiln, by Ruysdale.

A landscape, by Hobbima.

A moon-light, by Vanderneer.

A landscape, by Wynantz.

Hector and Achilles, by Nic. Poussin, or Pietro Testa.

Two landscapes, by Claude Lorraine.

St. Peter dictating the gospel to St. Mark, by Pietro di Cortona.

A landscape, by Verboom, the figures, &c. by Adr. Vandervelde.

Decollation of St. John the Baptist, by Mich. Angelo da Carravagio, or Valentini.

A man’s head, by Ant. Moore.

A view of the Doge’s palace, after Canaletti.

A landscape, by F. Miel.

A calm, by Vandiest.

A battle, by Tillemans.

A Court de Guard, by Le Duc.

The holy child Jesus in the arms of Joseph, by Giuseppe del Solo, a disciple of Carlo Cignani.

A landscape, by Solomon Ruysdale.

An ascension, the finished sketch for the King’s chapel at Versailles, by Jouvenet.

A holy family, by Erasm. Quiline.

A landscape, by Croose.

A bag piper, by Albert Durer.

Two sketches, after Tintoret, one the trial of Christ, the other leading him away.

A sea piece, by Van Cappel.

A landscape, by Sol. Ruysdale.

Dead game, with a dog and cat, by Fyte.

Two landscapes, by Mola.

A landscape, by Pynas.

A landscape and architecture, by Le Maire, with figures, by Phil. Laura.

A landscape, by Fauquier.

A village carnival, by P. Wovermans.

A holy family, by Carlo Maratti.

Two landscapes, by Bellin.

Christ healing the sick, a sketch, by Tintoret.

Fowls, by Cradock.

A landscape, by Nic. Poussin.

Riposo, F. Vanni.

A cartoon head, by Raphael.

Christ disputing with the doctors, a sketch, by Titian.

A holy family, by Schidoni.

A battle, by Salvator Rosa.

Two views of the Clitumnus and Avernus, by Wilson.

A storm, by Annib. Caracci.

A landscape, with the baptism of Christ, by Nic. Poussin.

Samson slaying the Philistines with the jaw bone of an ass, Val. Castelli.

Fred. Zuccaro’s picture, by himself.

Hercules and Antæus, by Rubens.

Hagar and Ishmael, by Le Sueur.

A woman making lace, by Scalken.

The fall of Simon Magus, a sketch, by Pompeio.

A shepherd and shepherdess with cattle, by C. du Jardin.

A landscape, by Dekker.

A girl sewing, by Ostade.

An ox, by Potter, the landscape by Vanderhyde.

The flight into Egypt, by Dominic. Antolini.

Hercules and Cerberus, a sketch, by Rubens.

A landscape and cattle, by Carree.

A landscape, by Brughel, the figures Rotenhamer.

Moses on the mount, by Jac. Bassan.

A landscape, by Dekker.

A copy of Guido’s Aurora, by Carlo Maratti, or Gius. Cari.

A landscape, by Mr. Wotton.

Lot and his daughters, by Elsheimer.

Christ in the garden, by P. Veronese.

A moon-light, by O. Giffier.

A landscape, by Berkheyde.

A landscape, by De Heusch.

A landscape, by Wynantz, the figures by Wovermans.

Christ’s agony in the garden, by Ant. Balestra.

John Baptist pointing him out to two disciples, ditto.

A landscape, by Vanderneer.

A landscape, by Fauquier, with figures, by Teniers.

A witch and devils, by Hellish Brughel.

A battle, by Wotton.

An old man’s head, by Rembrandt.

A landscape, by Borsam.

Venus coming to Vulcan to beg armour for Æneas, by Goltzius.

A landscape, by Gaspar Poussin.

A landscape, by Nicola Poussin.

Two heads, of an old man and an old woman, by Denier.

King Ahasuerus and Q. Esther, by Gabiani.

The sick man healed at the pool of Bethesda, by Erasmus Quillinius.

The last supper, by Jouvenet.

Head of a madona, with a book, by Elisabetti Sirani.

A landscape, by Studio.

Bustos, Statues, Bas Reliefs, &c.

A girl’s head, marble, after the antique, by Scheemaker.

A model of St. John Baptist in the wilderness, by Bernini, in terra cotta.

The judgment of Midas, an ivory Bas Rel.

Orpheus playing to the beasts, Bas Rel. Bronze.

Erato, Bronze, antique.

The statue of Fides Christiana, by Roubiliac, marble.

A model of St. Andrew, by Fiamingo, terra cotta.

A madona and child, in imitation of Rubens’s manner of painting, terra cotta.

Ceres, after that in the Capitol, by Scheemaker, terra cotta.

St. Jerome, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.

A Bacchanalian boy, after Camillo Ruscoin, by Hayward.

A bust of Aratus, after the antique, by ditto, marble.

A model of Mr. Roubiliac’s statue of Fides Christiana, in terra cotta.

A model of Moses, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.

A model of Flora, by Roubiliac. ter. cotta.

A vestal, after the antique, by Hayward, marble.

A small antique bust of Æsclepiades, the Greek physician, marble.

Ormond yard, Great Ormond street.

Court of Orphans. This court is occasionally held at Guildhall, by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, who are guardians to the children of freemen under the age of twenty-one years at the decease of their fathers, and take upon them not only the management of their goods and chattels, but likewise that of their persons, by placing them under the care of tutors, to prevent disposing of themselves during their minority, without their approbation.

By this court the common serjeant is authorised to take exact accounts and inventories of all the deceased freemen’s estates; and the youngest attorney of the Lord Mayor’s court being clerk to that of the orphans, is appointed to take securities for their several portions, in the name of the Chamberlain of London, who is a corporation of himself, for the service of the said orphans; and to whom a recognizance or bond, made upon the account of an orphan, shall by the custom of London, descend to his successor.

It may not be improper to add, that when a freeman dies and leaves children in their minority, the clerks of the several parishes are according to a law of the city, to give in their names to the common crier, who is immediately to summon the widow, or executor, to appear before the court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, to bring an inventory of, and security for the testator’s estate; for which two months time is commonly allowed: and, in case of non-appearance, or refusal of security, the Lord Mayor may commit the contumacious executor to Newgate. Lex Lond.

Overman’s court, Pepper alley.†

Owen’s Almshouse, near the south end of Islington, was erected by the company of Brewers, in the year 1610, for ten poor widows of the parish of St. Mary’s Islington, pursuant to the will of the Lady Alice Owen, who allowed each widow 3l. 16s. per annum, three yards of cloth for a gown every other year, and 6l. to be laid out annually in coals for the use of the whole.

Oxendon street, Coventry street.

Oxford Arms Inn lane, Warwick lane, near Newgate market.*

Oxford Arms passage, Warwick lane.*

Oxford Arms yard, in the Haymarket.*

Oxford court, 1. Camomile street. 2. Salter’s Hall court, Swithin’s lane. Here was anciently the house of the Prior of Torrington in Suffolk, which afterwards fell to the Earls of Oxford; but that edifice being at length demolished, and this court built in its room, it retained the name of the former possessor. 3. Oxford street.

Oxford market, Oxford street, so called from its being on the estate of the late Earl of Oxford.

Oxford street, St. Giles’s pound. This street, the market, and court of the same name, are all on the estate of the late Earl of Oxford.

P.

Packer’s court, Coleman street.

Packington’s Almshouse, in White Friars, Fleet street, commonly called Clothworkers almshouses, was founded by the Lady Anne Packington, relict of Sir John Packington, Chirographer of the court of Common Pleas, about the year 1560, for the accommodation of eight poor women, each of whom receives annually of the Clothworkers company, who have the trust of this charity, the sum of 4l. nine bushels of coals, and new apparel every third year. Maitland.

Packson’s rents, Jamaica street.

Packthread ground, 1. Bandy Leg walk. 2. End of Barnaby street. 3. Coleman street. 4. Gravel lane. 5. Near Maiden lane.

Paddington, a village in Middlesex, situated on the north side of Hyde Park.

Page (Sir Gregory) for an account of his house and pictures. See Blackheath.

Pageant’s stairs, Rotherhith.

Page’s walk, King’s Road.†

Page’s yard, Brewhouse lane, Wapping.†

Pain’s alley, Wapping Wall.†

Pain’s yard, Swan alley, East Smithfield.†

A Scene in the Gardens of Pain’s Hill.
S. Wale delin. F. Vivares sculp.

Pain’s hill, near Cobham, in Surry, is the seat of the Honourable Charles Hamilton, who has made great improvements, by inclosing a large tract of barren land, which though so poor as to produce nothing but heath and broom, he has so well cultivated and adorned, that few places are equal to it. The whole place is about five miles round; it is laid out in the modern taste, and planted with a beautiful variety of trees, plants, and flowers. The fine inequalities of the ground give a perpetual variety to the prospects, especially on that side next the river Mole, which river, though it lies lower than the level of the gardens by twenty feet, is brought into them by means of a wheel curiously contrived, which is turned by the river. Every time it turns round it takes up the water and conveys it through a spiral pipe from the circumference of the wheel to the center of it, from whence it is discharged into a trough, and from thence through pipes into the gardens, where by the joint assistance of nature and art, it is formed into a fine winding lake or piece of water, with an island in it, planted and laid out in walks, with bridges over to it of the most simple contrivance, and the whole surrounded with rising grounds, clumps of trees, and hanging woods, in as romantic and picturesque a manner as imagination can conceive. These gardens are but lately laid out, and consequently some of the plantations will appear to more advantage as they advance in growth. But the place upon the whole is very beautiful, and extremely well worth seeing.

Painter’s court, Berry street.

Painter’s rents, Ratcliff highway.

Painter Stainers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1582; by the name of The Master, Wardens and Commonalty of the freemen of the art and mystery of painting, called Painter Stainers, within the city of London.

This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and nine Assistants, to which belongs a livery of 124 members, who upon their admission pay a fine of 14l.

Painter Stainers Hall, in Little Trinity lane, is adorned with a handsome screen, arches, and pilasters of the Corinthian order, painted in imitation of porphyry, with gilt capitals. The pannels are of wainscot, and on the ceiling is finely painted by Fuller, Pallas triumphant, while Art and Fame, attended by Mercury, suppress their enemies, Sloth, Envy, Pride, &c. the other paintings are Endymion and Luna, by Palmatier; Orpheus slaying Pan, by Brull; Art and Envy, by Hungis; the portraits of King Charles II. and his Queen Catharine, by Houseman; a portrait of Camden; the fire of London; a piece of architecture of the Corinthian order, by Trevit; another of the Ionic order, given by Mr. Thompson, the city painter; Heraclitus and Democritus, by Penn; a landscape, by Aggas; fish and fowl, by Robinson; a piece of birds, by Barlow; a piece of fruit and flowers, by Everbrook; a ruin, by Griffier; and a fine piece of shipping, by Peter Monumea. There are several other pieces in the parlour.

In the court room are some fine pictures, most of which are portraits of the members of the company; and in the front of the room is a fine bust of Mr. Thomas Evans, who left five houses in Basinghall street to the company.

Mr. Camden, the famous antiquarian, whose father was a painter in the Old Bailey, gave the Painter Stainers company a silver cup and cover, which they use every St. Luke’s day at their election; the old Master drinking to the one then elected, out of it. Upon this cup is the following inscription:

Gul. Camdenus Clarenceux filius Sampsonis pictoris Londinensis dono dedit. Maitland.

Pallmall, a very handsome street, inhabited by several persons of the first quality, extending from the end of the Haymarket to St. James’s palace.

Pallmall court, Pallmall.

Palmer’s Almshouse, at Tothill-side, Westminster, was founded by James Palmer, B. D. in the year 1654, for the reception of twelve poor men and women, to each of whom he gave a perpetual annuity of 6l. and a chaldron of coals.

To this building also belongs a school, in which twenty boys are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic; for which the master has an annual salary of 12l. and a chaldron of coals, with a convenient house, and a gown every other year.

Here also is a chapel for the use of the pensioners and scholars, in which the founder himself for some time preached and prayed twice a day to them. Maitland.

Palsgrave’s Head court, in the Strand.*

Palyn’s Almshouse, in Pesthouse row, near Old street, was founded by George Palyn, citizen and girdler, for six poor members of his company; he also endowed it with an estate of 40l. a year, and committed it to the trust of that company. Maitland.

Pancras, a small hamlet in Middlesex, on the north west side of London, in the road to Kentish town. It has a church dedicated to St. Pancras, and called St. Pancras in the Fields, an old plain Gothic structure, with a square tower without a spire. It is a vulgar tradition that this church is of greater antiquity than that of St. Paul’s cathedral, of which it is only a prebend; but this arises from a mistake; for the church of St. Pancras, termed the mother of St. Paul’s, was situated in the city of Canterbury, and was changed from a Pagan temple to a Christian church by St. Austin the monk, in the year 598, when he dedicated it to St. Pancras.

The church yard, is a general burying place for persons of the Romish religion. At a public house on the south side of the church is a medicinal spring.

St. Pancras, a church which stood on the north side of St. Pancras lane, near Queen street, in Cheap ward, owed its name, as did the church mentioned in the above article, to St. Pancras a young Phrygian nobleman, who suffered martyrdom under the Emperor Dioclesian, for his strict adherence to the Christian religion. This church, which was a rectory, and one of the peculiars in this city belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury, was destroyed by the fire of London, and not being rebuilt, the parish was, by act of parliament, annexed to the church of St. Mary le Bow in Cheapside.

Pancras lane, Queen street, Bucklersbury.

Pankethman’s buildings, Golden lane.

Pannier alley, near Cheapside, leads from Blowbladder street into Pater noster row, and is said to be the highest ground within the city walls. About the middle of the alley, a stone is fixed in the wall in the form of a pedestal, on the side of which is cut in relief a boy riding astride upon a pannier, and this inscription.

When you have sought the city round,

Yet still this is the highest ground.

Panton square, 1. Coventry street. 2. Oxendon street.

Panton street, Haymarket.

Panton’s rents, Chiswell street.†

Paper buildings, a range of buildings in the Temple, originally built in the year 1607; but being consumed by fire, were rebuilt; in a very handsome manner in 1685. At the north end are painted the figures of the four cardinal virtues.

Paper office, Whitehall. An ancient office under the Secretaries of state, the keeper of which has under his charge all the public papers, writings, matters of state and council; all letters, intelligences, negotiations of the King’s public ministers abroad, and in general all the papers and dispatches that pass through the offices of the two Secretaries of state, which are, or ought to be, from time to time transmitted to this office, and remain here, disposed by way of library. Chamberlain’s Present State.

Papey, an hospital which stood at the north end of St. Mary Ax, and was founded by three priests in the year 1430, for a Master, two Wardens, and several Chaplains, Chauntry Priests, &c. It belonged to the brotherhood of St. John the Evangelist and St. Charity. Such priests as were become lame, or in great poverty, were here relieved, and had chambers with a certain allowance of bread, drink, and coals; and one old man, with his wife, was to see them constantly served, and to keep the house clean. This hospital was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI.

Paradise court, 1. Lady Clark’s yard, Gravel lane. 2. Peter street.

Paradise row, 1. Brook’s street, Bond street. 2. Near St. George’s fields. 3. Lambeth. 4. Tottenham Court Road.

Pardon church, a chapel formerly situated to the east of the Bishop of London’s palace, in St. Paul’s church yard, in a place at that time known by the name of Pardon Church Haugh. This chapel was erected by Gilbert Becket, sheriff of London, in the reign of King Stephen, and rebuilt in the reign of Henry V. by Thomas More, Dean of St. Paul’s, who also encompassed it with a cloister. On the east side was a handsome library founded by Walter Shiryngton, Chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. In this chapel were interred several persons, whose monuments, according to Mr. Stow, excelled in curious workmanship those in the neighbouring cathedral, and on the walls were painted the Dance of Death, in imitation of a painting in the cloister of St. Innocent’s church at Paris, with English verses translated out of French by John Lydgate, a famous old poet, by way of explanation.

Parish Clerks. See Clerks.

Parish Garden lane, Upper Ground, Southwark.

Parish Garden stairs, Upper Ground.

Parish street, Horselydown.

Park, in Southwark; several streets built upon the spot where the Bishop of Winchester had formerly a park, which joined to his palace.

Park Gate, Redcross street, Southwark.

Park Place, St. James’s street, St. James’s.

Park Prospect, Knightsbridge.

Park Prospect court, Manchester street.

Park street, 1. Little Grosvenor street. 2. Tothill street, Westminster.☐

Parker’s alley. 1. Near Cherry Garden stairs.† 2. Turnmill street.†

Parker’s court, Coleman street.†

Parker’s gardens, Heydon yard, in the Minories.†

Parker’s lane, Drury lane.†