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HISTORY
OF
CHRISTIAN NAMES

HISTORY

CHRISTIAN NAMES

CHARLOTTE M. YONGE,

AUTHOR OF “THE HEIR OF REDCLYFFE,” “UNKNOWN TO HISTORY,” ETC. ETC.

NEW EDITION, REVISED.

London

MACMILLAN AND CO.

1884

LONDON

R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS,

BREAD STREET HILL.

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

I cannot put forth this attempt without a few words of apology for having undertaken it at all. The excuse is, chiefly, the attraction that the subject has had for me for at least twenty years, from the time when it was first taken up as matter of amusement. The difficulty of gaining information, and the inconsistencies of such as I did acquire, convinced me that the ground was almost untrodden; but the further I advanced on it, the more I perceived that it required a perfect acquaintance with language, philology, ethnology, hagiology, universal history, and provincial antiquities; and to me these were so many dark alleys, up which I only made brief excursions to knock my head against the wall of my own ignorance.

But the interest of the subject carried me on—often far beyond my depth, when the connection between names and words has lured me into the realms of philology, or where I have ventured upon deductions of my own. And I have ventured to lay the result of my collections before the public, in the hope that they may at least show the capabilities of the study of comparative nomenclature, and by classifying the subject, may lead to its being more fully studied, as an illustration of language, national character, religion, and taste.

Surnames and local names have been often discussed, but the Christian name has been usually considered too fortuitous to be worthy of notice. Camden did indeed review the current ones of his own day, and gave many correct explanations, chiefly from the German author Luther Dasipodius. Verstegen followed him up, but was more speculative and less correct; and since that date (as far as I am aware) no English author has given any real trustworthy information to the subject, as a subject. A few lists of names and meanings now and then have appeared in magazines and popular works, but they have generally been copies of Verstegen, with childishly shallow and incorrect additions. One paper which long ago appeared in Chambers’ Journal, was the only really correct information on English names en masse that I have met with.

The Anglo-Saxon names had been, however, treated of by Sharon Turner in his history, and Mr. Kemble put forth a very interesting lecture on Names, Surnames, and Nicknames among the Anglo-Saxons. Thierry, moreover, gives several explanations, both of Saxon and Frank ones, in the notes to his Conquête d’Angleterre and Récits des Rois Mérovingiens. These were groundwork. Neither Turner nor Thierry is always right, for want of having studied the matter comparatively; but they threw light on one another, and opened the way to the dissection of other names, neglected by them, with the aid of an Anglo-Saxon dictionary.

The Scriptural class of names was studied with less difficulty. Every Hebrew one has been fully discussed and examined by the best scholars; and the Greek, both biblical and classical, have received the same attention, and are in fact the most easy of all, as a class. With regard to Latin, much must be doubtful and inexplicable, but the best information at present attained to was easily accessible.

The numerous race of German appellations has received full attention from many ripe German philologists, and I have made much use of their works. The Scandinavian class has been most ably treated by Professor Munch of Christiania, in a series of contributions to the Norsk Maanedskrifts, of which I have been kindly permitted to make free use, and which has aided me more than any other treatise on Teutonic nomenclature.

Our Keltic class of names has presented far greater difficulties.[difficulties.] for the Cymric department, I have gathered from many quarters, the safest being Lady Charlotte Guest’s notes to the Mabinogion and M. de Villemarqué’s elucidations of King Arthur’s romances, Rees’s Welsh Saints, Williams’s Ecclesiastical Antiquities, and Chalmers’s Caledonia; the least safe, Davies’s various speculations on British antiquities and the Cambro-Briton. These verified by Dr. Owen Pugh’s Welsh Dictionary, and an occasional light from Diefenbach and Zeuss, together with a list kindly extracted for me from the Brut, have been my authorities in the Welsh and Breton departments. In the Erse and Gaelic names I was assisted by a very kind letter from the lamented Dr. O'Donovan, whose death deprived me of his promised revision of this extremely difficult class, and left me to make it out to the best of my ability from his contributions to the publications of the Archæological Society, from the notes to those of the Ossianic Society, Chalmers’s Caledonia, and the Highland Society’s Gaelic Dictionary.

From the first, however, I had perceived that the curiosity of the study does not lie merely in the meanings of the sounds by which men in one country are distinguished from one another. The changes through which the word passes is one great interest, and for this I had been collecting for years, from dictionaries, books of travels, histories, and popular tales, whenever people were so good as to give the genuine word, instead of translating it into English. Dr. G. Michaelis' Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Gebrauchlichsten Taufnamen left in me little to desire in this respect, especially with regard to German dialects, and I have used it copiously.

The history of names, however, seemed to have been but little examined, nor why one should be popular and another forgotten—why one should flourish throughout Europe, another in one country alone, another around some petty district. Some of these questions were answered by history, some by genealogy, many more by the tracing of patron saints and their relics and legends. Here my great aid has been a French edition of Alban Butler’s Lives of the Saints, where, in the notes, are many accounts of the locality and translations of relics; also, Mrs. Jamieson’s Sacred and Legendary Art, together with many a chance notice in histories or books of travels. In each case I have tried to find out whence the name came, whether it had a patron, and whether the patron took it from the myths or heroes of his own country, or from the meaning of the words. I have then tried to classify the names, having found that to treat them merely alphabetically utterly destroyed all their interest and connection. It has been a loose classification, first by language, then by meaning or spirit, but always with the endeavour to make them appear in their connection, and to bring out their interest.

In general I have only had recourse to original authorities where their modern interpreters have failed me, secure that their conclusions are more trustworthy than my own could be with my limited knowledge of the subjects, which could never all be sufficiently studied by any one person.

Where I have given a reference it has been at times to the book whence I have verified rather than originally obtained my information, and in matters of universally known history or mythology, I have not always given an authority, thinking it superfluous. Indeed, the scriptural and classical portion is briefer and less detailed than the Teutonic and Keltic, as being already better known.

I have many warm thanks to render for questions answered and books consulted for me by able and distinguished scholars, and other thanks equally warm and sincere to kind friends and strangers who have collected materials that have been of essential service to me.

Lastly, let me again present my apologies for my presumption, when the necessity of tracing out the source and connections of a word has led me to wander beyond my proper ken; let me hope that apparent affectations may be excused by the requirements of the subject, and express my wish for such corrections as may in time render the work far more accurate and complete. Let it be remembered, that it is the popular belief, not the fact, that spreads the use of a name, and that if there is besides matter that seems irrelevant, it has been rather in the spirit of Marmion’s palmers,—

‘To charm a weary hill

With song, romance, or lay.

Some ancient tale, or glee, or jest,

Some lying legend at the least,

They bring to cheer the way.’

March 9th, 1863.

After one-and-twenty years, I have been able to bring out the revised edition for which I have long wished, having noted corrections as they were kindly sent to me, and as I was able to make them. I am sensible that the work is entirely incomplete, and as I have not studied philology much in the interval, I fear the book has not gained by the delay as much as it ought to have done. But at any rate, many errors have been taken out, as well as much that was entirely useless and irrelevant; and as no subsequent publication has taken quite the same ground, I hope that the present form of the History of Christian Names may occupy the niche all the better for the cutting off its excrescences. With thanks to the many who have aided in the correction,

C. M. Yonge.

July 25th, 1884.

CONTENTS.

				PAGE
Glossary of Christian Names				[xvii]

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.

The Spirit of Nomenclature				[1]

PART I.

CHAPTER I.

Hebrew Nomenclature				[7]

CHAPTER II.

Patriarchal Names				[10]
	§	1.	Adam	[10]
		2.	Abi	[11]
		3.	Jacob	[16]
		4.	Simeon	[19]
		5.	Judah	[20]
		6.	Joseph	[22]
		7.	Benjamin	[24]
		8.	Job	[26]

CHAPTER III.

Israelite Names				[27]
	§	1.	Moses and Aaron	[27]
		2.	Elisheba, &c.	[32]
		3.	Joshua, &c.	[36]
		4.	Names from Chaanach	[39]
		5.	David	46
		6.	Salem	47
		7.	Later Israelite Names	[48]
		8.	Angelic Names	[52]


PART II.

Names from the Persian				[56]

	§	1.	The Persian Language	[56]
		2.	Esther	[57]

PART III.

CHAPTER I.

Names from the Greek				[59]

CHAPTER II.

Names from Greek Mythology				[61]
	§	1.		[61]
		2.	Names from Zeus	[61]
		3.	Hera	[63]
		4.	Athene	[64]
		5.	Apollo and Artemis	[64]
		6.	Hele	[66]
		7.	Demeter	[69]
		8.	Dionysos	[70]
		9.	Hermes	[71]
		10.	Heroic Names	[73]

CHAPTER III.

Names from Animals, &c.				[76]
	§	1.	The Lion	[76]
		2.	The Horse	[77]
		3.	The Goat	[79]
		4.	The Bee	[80]
		5.	Names from Flowers	[80]

CHAPTER IV.

Historical Greek Names consisting of Epithets				[82]
	§	1.	Agathos	[82]
		2.	Alexander, &c.	[83]
		3.	Aner, Andros	[85]
		4.	Eu	[86]
		5.	Hieros	[89]
		6.	Pan	[90]
		7.	Polys	[92]
		8.	Phile, &c.	[93]
		9.	Names connected with the Constitution.—Laos, &c.	[95]

CHAPTER V.
Christian Greek Names				[99]
	§	1.		[99]
		2.	Names from Theos	[99]
		3.	Names from Christos	[104]
		4.	Sophia	[106]
		5.	Petros	[107]
		6.	Names of Immortality	[109]
		7.	Royal Names	[111]
		8.	Irene	[112]
		9.	Gregorios	[113]
		10.	Georgos	[114]
		11.	Barbara	[116]
		12.	Agnes	[118]
		13.	Margaret	[119]
		14.	Katharine	[121]
		15.	Harvest Names	[123]
		16.	Names from Jewels	[124]
		17.	Kosmos and Damianos	[125]
		18.	Alethea, &c.	[126]

PART IV.

CHAPTER I.

Latin Nomenclature				[127]

CHAPTER II.

Latin Prænomina				[131]
	§	1.	Aulus, Caius, Cnæus, Cæso	[131]
		2.	Lucius	[132]
		3.	Marcus	[134]
		4.	Posthumus, &c.	[136]
		5.	Numeral Names	[137]

CHAPTER III.

Nomina				[140]
	§	1.	Attius	[140]
		2.	Æmilius	[140]
		3.	Antonius	[141]
		4.	Cæcilius	[143]
		5.	Cœlius	[145]
		6.	Claudius	[145]
		7.	Cornelius, &c.	[146]
		8.	Julius	[148]
		9.	Lælius, &c.	[151]
		10.	Valerius	[152]

CHAPTER IV.
Cognomina				[155]
	§	1.		[155]
		2.	Augustus	[157]
		3.	Blasius	[158]
		4.	Cæsar, &c.	[159]
		5.	Constantius	[161]
		6.	Crispus, &c.	[162]
		7.	Galerius, &c.	[163]
		8.	Paullus and Magnus	[165]
		9.	Rufus, &c.	[167]

CHAPTER V.

Names from Roman Deities				[169]
	§	1.		[169]
		2.	Florentius	[171]
		3.	Laurentius	[172]
		4.	Sancus	[175]
		5.	Old Italian Deities	[176]
		6.	Quirinus	[177]
		7.	Sibylla	[178]
		8.	Saturn, &c.	[179]

CHAPTER VI.

Modern Names from the Latin				[181]
	§	1.	From Amo	[181]
		2.	” Beo	[182]
		3.	” Clarus	[185]
		4.	” Columba	[186]
		5.	” Durans	[187]
		6.	Names of Thankfulness	[188]
		7.	Crescens, &c.	[189]
		8.	Military Names	[189]
		9.	Names of Gladness	[191]
		10.	Jus	[192]
		11.	Names of Holiness	[193]
		12.	Ignatius	[194]
		13.	Pater	[195]
		14.	Grace, &c.	[195]
		15.	Vinco	[197]
		16.	Vita	[197]
		17.	Wolves and Bears	[198]
		18.	Names from Places and Nations	[199]
		19.	Town and Country	[202]
		20.	Flower Names	[203]
		21.	Roman Catholic Names	[207]

CHAPTER VII.

Names from Holy Days				[209]
	§	1.		[209]
		2.	Christmas	[209]
		3.	The Epiphany	[210]
		4.	Easter Names	[215]
		5.	Sunday Names	[216]

PART V.

CHAPTER I.

	§	1.	The Keltic Race	[220]
		2.	The Keltic Languages	[221]
		3.	Keltic Nomenclature	[222]

CHAPTER II

Ancient Keltic Names				[226]
	§	1.	Welsh Mythic Names	[226]
		2.	Lear and his Daughters	[228]
		3.	Bri	[232]
		4.	Fear, Gwr, Vir	[237]

CHAPTER III.

Gaelic Names				[240]
	§	1.	Scottish Colonists	[240]
		2.	The Feen	[242]
		3.	Finn	[243]
		4.	Cu, Cun, Gal	[245]
		5.	Diarmaid and Graine	[249]
		6.	Cormac	[250]
		7.	Cath	[251]
		8.	Fiachra	[252]
		9.	Names of Complexion	[253]
		10.	Feidlim, &c.	[256]
		11.	Names of Majesty	[257]
		12.	Devotional Names	[259]

CHAPTER IV.

Names of Cymric Romance				[264]
	§	1.	The Round Table	[264]
		2.	Arthur	[266]
		3.	Gwenever	[268]
		4.	Gwalchmai, Sir Gawain, and Sir Owen	[272]
		5.	Trystan and Ysolt	[274]
		6.	Hoel and Ryence	[276]
		7.	Percival	[278]
		8.	Llew	[281]

PART VI.

Teutonic Names				[283]

CHAPTER I.

The Teuton Race				[283]
	§	1.	Ground occupied by the Teutons	[283]

CHAPTER II.

Names from Teuton Mythology				[285]
	§	1.	Guth	[285]
		2.	The Aasir	[289]
		3.	Odin, or Grîmr	[292]
		4.	Frey	[294]
		5.	Thor	[300]
		6.	Baldur and Hodur	[303]
		7.	Tyr	[305]
		8.	Heimdall	[308]
		9.	Will	[311]
		10.	Hilda	[317]
		11.	Ve	[320]
		12.	Gerda	[321]
		13.	Œgir	[322]
		14.	Ing—Seaxnot	[324]
		15.	Eormen	[326]
		16.	Erce	[328]
		17.	Amal	[329]
		18.	Forefathers	[331]

CHAPTER III.

Names from Objects connected with Mythology				[334]
	§	1.	Day	[334]
		2.	The Wolf	[335]
		3.	Eber, the Boar	[337]
		4.	The Bear	[338]
		5.	The Horse	[340]
		6.	The Eagle	[342]
		7.	The Raven	[344]
		8.	The Swan	[345]
		9.	The Serpent	[346]
		10.	Kettle	[347]
		11.	Weapon Names	[348]
		12.	Thought	[352]

CHAPTER IV.

Heroic Names of the Nibelung				[355]
	§	1.	The Nibelung	[355]
		2.	Sigurd	[356]
		3.	Brynhild	[359]
		4.	Gunther	[362]
		5.	Hagen	[364]
		6.	Ghiseler	[365]
		7.	Ghernot	[367]
		8.	Folker	[370]
		9.	Dankwart	[371]
		10.	Theodoric	[372]
		11.	Uta, Ortwin	[375]
		12.	Sintram	[379]
		13.	Elberich	[380]

CHAPTER V.

The Karling Romances				[383]
	§	1.	The Paladins	[383]
		2.	Charles	[384]
		3.	Roland, &c.	[387]
		4.	Renaud	[394]
		5.	Richard	[399]
		6.	Astolfo	[400]
		7.	Ogier le Danois	[402]
		8.	Louis	[403]

CHAPTER VI.

Descriptive Names				[408]
	§	1.	Nobility	[408]
		2.	Command	[413]
		3.	Brightness	[414]
		4.	War	[416]
		5.	Protection	[419]
		6.	Power	[421]
		7.	Affection	[426]
		8.	Appearance	[427]
		9.	Locality	[429]
		10.	Life	[433]

PART VII.

Names from the Slavonic				[435]
	§	1.	Slavonic Races	[435]
		2.	Slavonian Mythology	[438]
		3.	Warlike Names	[440]
		4.	Names of Might	[441]
		5.	Names of Virtue	[443]
		6.	Names of Affection	[444]
		7.	Names from the Appearance	[445]

CONCLUSION.

Modern Nomenclature				[446]
	§	1.	Greece	[446]
		2.	Russia	[447]
		3.	Italy	[450]
		4.	Spain	[453]
		5.	France	[455]
		6.	Great Britain	[459]
		7.	Germany	[466]
		8.	Scandinavia	[469]
		9.	Comparative Nomenclature	[470]

GLOSSARY OF CHRISTIAN NAMES.

The names here given are referred, as far as possible, first to the language in which the form occurs, then to their root.

The original names, in their primary form, are in capitals, the shapes they have since assumed are in Roman type, the contractions in italics. A table is here given of the main stems and branches, with the abbreviations used for them in the glossary.

Hebrew (Heb.)	Modern Jew (Jew.) Aramæan (Aram.)
Ancient Persian (Zend)	Persian (Pers.)
Greek (Gr.)	Modern Greek (Mod. Gr.) Russian (Russ.)

Latin (Lat.)	Italian (It.) Venetian (Ven.) Spanish (Span.) Portuguese (Port.) Provençal (Prov.) Wallachian (Wall.) French (Fr.)
Keltic (Kelt.)	Cymric (Cym.)	Ancient British (Brit.) Welsh Breton (Bret.) Cornish (Corn.)
Keltic (Kelt.)	Gadhaelic (Gad.)	Ancient Irish (Erse) Modern Irish Dialect (Ir.) Gaelic (Gael.) Scottish (Scot.) Manx

Teutonic (Teu.)	Northern (Nor.)	Icelandic (Ice.) Norwegian (Nor.) Swedish (Swed.) Danish (Dan.) Norman (Norm.)
	Anglo-Saxon (A.S.)	English (Eng.) Scottish (Scot.) Frisian (Fris.) Dutch Irish American (Am.)
	Old German (O.G.)	German (Ger.) Bavarian (Bav.) Hamburgh (Ham.) Dantzig (Dan.) Swiss
	Frank	French
	Gothic (Goth.)	Spanish (Span.) Portuguese (Port.)
	Lombardic (Lomb.)	Italian (It.)
Slavonic	Russian (Russ.) Slovak (Slov.) Bohemian (Bohm.) Polish Hungarian (Hung.) Lithuanian (Lith.) Lettish (Lett.) Illyrian (Ill.)

Aaron, m. Eng. Heb. mountain, [27]
Aasbjorn, m. Nor. Ten. divine bear, [290]
Aasir, m. Nor. Teu. the gods, [289].
Aasolfr, m. Nor. Teu. divine wolf, [290]
Aasta, f. Nor. Teu. love, [401]
Aasvaldr, m. Nor. Teu. divine power, [291]
Abacuck, m. Scot. Heb. embracing, [51]
Abban, m. Fr. Lat. white, [157]
Abel, m. Eng. Heb. breath, [11]
Abelard, m. Eng. Teu. noble firmness.
Abellona, f. Dan. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Abigail, f. Eng. Heb. father of joy, [12]
Abimelech, m. Eng. Heb. father of the king, [12]
Abishalom, m. Eng. Heb. father of peace, [12]
Abner, m. Eng. Heb. father of light.
Abiud, m. Eng. Dan. Heb. father of praise, [20]
Abra, f. Cambrai, Heb. father of a multitude, [11]
Abram, m. Eng. Heb. father of height, [11]
Absalom, m. Eng. Dan. Heb. father of peace, [12]
Aby, m. Am. Heb. father of multitudes, [12]
Accepted, m. Eng. Accius, m. Lat. 140
Achaius, m. Lat. Kelt, horseman, [276]
Achashverosh, m. Heb. Zend, venerable king, [57]
Achill, m. Ger. Gr. without lips (?), [74]
Achilla, f. Lat. Gr. without lips (?), [74]
Achille, m. Fr. Gr. without lips (?), [74]
Achillea, f. It. Gr. without lips (?), [74]
Achilles, m. Eng. Gr. without lips (?), [74]
Achilleus, Gr.(?) without lips, [74]
Achim, m. Ger. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Achsah, f. Eng. Heb. anklet, [38]
Acim, m. Ill. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Actma, f. Ill. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Ada, f. Eng. Teu. happy.
Adah, f. Eng. Heb. ornament, [7]
Adalard, m. Fr. Teu. nobly firm, [412]
Adalbert, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Adalfieri, m. It. Teu. noble pledge, [409]
Adalgar, m. Lom. Teu. noble spear, [412]
Adalgise, f. Fr. Teu. noble pledge, [409]
Adalgisl, m. Lom. Teu. noble pledge, [409]
Adalhard, m. Ger. Teu. nobly stern, [412]
Adalheid, f. Ger. Teu. noble cheer, [412]
Adalpolt, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bold, [412]
Adalrik, m. Goth. Teu. noble king, [412]
Adalrik, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [412]
Adaltac, m. Ger. Teu. noble day, [413]
Adam, m. Eng. Fr. Dutch, Ger. Dan. Heb. red earth, [10]
Adamina, f. Scot. Heb. red earth, [10]
Adamk, m. Lus. Heb. red earth, [10]
Adamnan, m. Scot. Heb. Lat. dwarf Adam, [10]
Adamnanus, m. Lat. Heb. dwarf Adam, [10]
Adamo, m. Ital. Heb. red earth, [10]
Adams, m. Lett. Heb. red earth, [10]
Addala, f. Lett. Teu. noble cheer, [412]
Addo, m. Fris. Teu. noble cheer, [412]
Addy, f. Eng. Teu. noble threatener, [411]
Ade, m. Flem. Heb. red earth, [10]
Adela, f. Eng. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adelaïda, f. Rom. Russ. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adelaide, f. Fr. Eng. Ger. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adelaïs, f. Old. Fr. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adelajda, f. Slov. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adelar, m. Ger. Teu. noble eagle, [412]
Adelbern, m. Ger. Teu. noble bear, [412]
Adelbert, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [412]
Adelberta, f. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [412]
Adelbold, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bold, [412]
Adelbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [412]
Adelburg, f. Ger. Teu. noble protection, [412]
Adelchis, m. Lat. Teu. noble pledge, [412]
Adèle, f. Fr. Gr. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Adeleve, f. Eng. Teu. noble gift, [412]
Adelfrid, m. Ger. Teu. noble peace, [412]
Adelgar, noble spear, [412]
Adelgard, m. Ger. Teu. noble guard, [412]
Adelgis, noble pledge, [412]
Adelgonda, f. Rom. Teu. noble war, [412]
Adelgonde, f. Fr. Teu. noble war, [412]
Adelgunde, f. Ger. Teu. noble war, [412]
Adelhart, m. Ger. Teu. nobly firm, [412]
Adelhelm, noble helmet, [412]
Adelhelm, f. Ger. Teu. noble helmet, [412]
Adelhild, f. Ger. Teu. noble battle maid, [413]
Adelhold, m. Ger. Teu. nobly firm, [412]
Adelicia, f. Lat. Teu. noble cheer, [412]
Adelina, f. Eng. Teu. noble manner, [413]
Adelinde, f. Ger. Teu. noble snake, [413]
Adeline, f. Eng. Teu. noble snake, [413]
Adelschalk, m. Ger. Teu. noble servant, [413]
Adelswinde, f. Ger. Teu. noble strength, [413]
Adeltrude, f. Ger. Teu. noble maid, [412]
Adelulf, m. Ger. Teu. noble wolf, [412]
Adelwin, m. Ger. Teu. noble friend, [412]
Ademaro, m. Ital. Teu. fierce greatness, [304]
Adeodat, m. Ger. Lat. by God given, [188]
Adeodatus, m. Lat. by God given, [188]
Adhémar, m. Fr. Teu. fierce greatness, [304]
Adilo, m. Ger. Teu. noble, [412]
Ado, m. Fris. Teu. noble, [412]
Adolf, m. Ger. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Adolfine, f. Ger. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Adolfo, m. Ital. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Adolphe, m. Fr. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Adolphus, m. Eng. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Adoncia, f. Span. Lat. sweet, [196]
Adosinda, f. Span. Teu. fierce strength, [305]
Adriaan, m. Dutch, Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adrian, m. Eng. Ger. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adriana, f. Ital. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adriane, f. Ger. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adriano, m. Ital. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adrianus, m. Lat. N.L.D. Lat. from Adria, [157]
Adrien, f. Fr. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Adrienne, f. Fr. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Aed, m. Welsh. Kelt. fire, [226]
Aeddon, m. Welsh. Kelt. 226
Aedh, m. Erse. Kelt. fire, [226]
Ægidius, m. Lat. Gr. with the Ægis, [79]
Ælf, m. A. S. Teu. elf, [380]
Ælfgifu, f. A. S. Teu. elf gift, [380]
Ælfhæg, m. A. S. Teu. high as an elf, [381]
Ælfhelm, m. A. S. Teu. elf helmet, [381]
Ælfred, m. A. S. Teu. elf council, [381]
Ælfric, m. A. S. Teu. elf ruler, [381]
Ælfthryth, f. A. S. Teu. threatening elf, [382]
Ælfwine, m. A. S. Teu. elf darling, [382]
Ælfwold, m. A. S. Teu.[Teu.] elf ruler, [382]
Ælianus, m. Lat. Gr. of the sun, [191]
Ælla, m. A. S. Teu. elf friend, [382]
Ælle, m. A. S. Teu. elf friend, [382]
Æmilia, f. Lat. work (?), [141]
Æmiliana, f. Lat. work (?), [141]
Æmilianus, m. Lat. work (?), [141]
Æmilius, m. Lat. work (?), [141]
Æneas, m. Lat. praise (?), [74]
Aenghas, m. Erse, Kelt. excellent virtue, [242]
Æthelbald, m. A. S. Teu. noble prince, [349]
Æthelbryht, m. A. S. Teu. nobly bright, [412]
Æthelfled, f. A. S. Teu. noble increase, [412]
Æthelgifu, f. A. S. Teu. noble gift, [409]
Æthelhild, f. A. S. Teu. noble battle maid, [412]
Æthelred, m. A. S. Teu. noble council, [410]
Æthelric, m. A. S. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Æthelstan, m. A. S. Teu. noble stone, [412]
Æthelthryth, f. A. S. Teu. noble threatener, [411]
Æthelward, m. A. S. Teu. noble guard, [412]
Æthelwine, m. A. S. Teu. noble friend, [412]
Æthelwolf, m. A. S. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Aëtius, m. Lat.
Afanassij, m. Russ. Gr. undying, [109]
Affonso, m. Port. eagerness for war, [305]
Affrica, f. Manx, Irish, Kelt. pleasant, [230]
Afonso, m. Port. eagerness for war, [305]
Agafia, f. Russ. Gr. good, [82]
Agafon, m. Russ. Gr. good, [82]
Agape, f. Gr. love, [113]
Agapit, m. Russ. Gr. loved, [113]
Agata, f. It. Span. Swed. Slov. Ger. good, [82]
Agatha, f. Eng. Hung. Gr. good, [82]
Agathe, f. Fr. Ger. Gr. good, [82]
Agathias, m. Gr. good, [82]
Agathocles, m. Gr. good fame, [82]
Agathon, m. Ger. Gr. good, [82]
Aggate, f. Lett. Gr. good, [82]
Aggie, f. Eng. Gr. pure, [119]
Agilard, m. Fr. Teu. formidably bright, [328]
Agilbert, m. Frank. Teu. formidably bright, [323]
Agilo, m. Ger. Teu. formidable, [322]
Agiltrude, f. Ger. Teu. formidable maiden, [323]
Agilulf, m. Frank. Teu. formidable wolf, [323]
Agilward, m. Norm. Teu. formidable guardian, [323]
Aginhar, m. Nor. Teu. formidable warrior, [323]
Aglaé, f. Fr. Gr. brightness, [72]
Aglaia, f. Lat. Gr. brightness, [72]
Aglaja, f. Ger. Gr. brightness, [72]
Agmund, m. Nor. awful protection, [323]
Agnar, m. Nor. Teu. formidable warrior, [323]
Agne, m. Nor. Teu. formidable warrior, [323]
Agnello, m. It. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnes, f. Dan. Eng. Ger. Fr. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnesca, f. It. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnese, f. It. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnesija, f. Russ. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnessa, f. Russ. Gr. pure, [119]
Agneta, f. Eng. Swiss, Gr. pure, [119]
Agnete, f. Dan. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnies, f. Fr. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnizka, f. Pol. Gr. pure, [119]
Agnola, f. It. Gr. angel, [53]
Agnolo, m. It. Gr. angel, [53]
Agnyta, f. Lett. Gr. pure, [119]
Agostina, f. It. Lat. venerable, [158]
Agostinha, f. Port. Lat. venerable, [158]
Agostinho, f. Port. Lat. venerable, [158]
Agostino, m. It. Lat. venerable, [158]
Agoston, m. Hung. Lat. venerable, [158]
Agrafina, f. Russ. Lat. born with the feet foremost, [156]
Agricola, m. Lat. Lat. field tiller.
Agrippa, m. Lat. Lat. born with the feet foremost, [156]
Agrippina, f. Lat. Lat. born with the feet foremost, [156]
Agrippine, f. Fr. Lat. born with the feet foremost, [156]
Agueda, f. Port. Gr. pure, [57]
Ahasuerus, m. Eng. Pers. venerable king.
Ahrens, m. Ger. Teu. powerful eagle, [342]
Ahrold, m. powerful eagle, [342]
Aias, m. Gr. Gr. eagle, [342]
Aidan, m. Eng. Kelt. fire, [226]
Aigidios, m. Gr. with the Ægis, [79]
Aileen, f. Ir. Gr. light, [67]
Aileve, f. Eng. Teu. elf gift, [380]
Ailie, f. Scot. Teu. famed war, [406]
Aimable, f. Fr. Lat. lovable.
Aimée, f. Fr. Lat. loved.
Aimerich, m. Ger. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Aimery, m. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Ainè, f. Erse. Kelt. joy, [230]
Aineceallach, m. Gael. Kelt. joyful war, [230]
Aineias, m. Gr. Gr. praise, [174]
Aistulf, m. Ger. Gr. swift wolf, [335]
Akilina, f. Russ. Lat. eagle, [156]
Akim, m. Russ. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Akulnia, f. Russ. Lat. eagle, [156]
Ala, m. Eng. Teu. holy (?), [402]
Alaf, m. Nor. Teu. forefather’s relic, [332]
Alain, m. Fr. It. Lat. cheerful (?), Kelt. harmony, [279]
Alan, m. Scot. Ger. Lat. cheerful (?), Kelt. harmony, [279]
Alane, f. Ger. Lat. cheerful, Kelt. harmony, [279]
Alard, m. Ger. Teu. nobly stern, [409]
Alaric, m. Eng. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Alarich, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Alaster, m. Gael. Ger. helper of men, [85]
Alatea, f. Span. Gr. truth, [126]
Alawn, m. Cym. Kelt. harmony, [279]
Alban, m. Eng. Lat. white, [157]
Albanus, m. Lat. white, [157]
Albany, m. Scot. Kelt. white, [157]
Albar, m. Lat. Span. white, [157]
Alberia, f. Span. Lat. white (?), [157]
Alberic, m. Eng. Teu. elf king, [380]
Alberich, m. Ger. Teu. elf king, [380]
Alberico, m. It. Teu. elf king, [380]
Albert, m. Eng. Fr. Russ. Pol. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Alberta, f. Eng. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Albertine, f. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Albertino, m. It. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Alberto, m. It. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Albin, f. Erse. Kelt. white (?), [157]
Albin, m. Ger. Lat. white, [157]
Albina, f. Ger. Lat. white, [157]
Albinia, f. Eng. Kelt. white (?), [157]
Albino, m. Rom. Lat. white, [157]
Alboin, m. Fr. Teu. elf friend, [380]
Alboino, m. Lomb. Teu. elf friend, [380]
Albrecht, m. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [412]
Albwin, m. Ger. Teu. elf friend, [380]
Alcuin, m. Eng. Teu. hall friend, [382]
Alcuinus, m. Lat. Teu. hall friend, [382]
Alda, f. It. Lat. Eng. Teu. rich, [376]
Aldclatha, f. Gael. Kelt. decaying beauty.
Aldebert, m. Eng. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Aldegonde, f. Flem. Teu. noble war, [410]
Alderich, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [412]
Aldgitha, f. Eng. Teu. noble gift, [412]
Aldhelm, m. Eng. Teu. noble helmet, [412]
Aldobrando, m. Ital. Teu. battle sword, [318]
Aldonça, f. Span. Lat. the sweet, [196]
Aldrovando, m. Ital. Teu. battle sword, [318]
Aléard, m. Prov. Teu. nobly stern, [412]
Aléarda, f. Prov. Teu. nobly stern, [412]
Aleardo, m. Ital. Teu. nobly stern, [412]
Aleixo, m. Port. God helper, [85]
Alejandro, m. Span. Teu. helper of men, [85]
Alejo, m. Span. Gr. helper, [85]
Aleks, m. Lett. Gr. helper, [85]
Aleksa, m. Serv. Gr. helper, [85]
Aleksajeder, m. Slav. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Aleksander, m. Russ. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Aleksije, m. Russ. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Ales, m. Slav.[Slav.] Gr. helper, [85]
Alessandra, f. Ital. Gr. helper of men, [84]
Alessandro, m. Ital. Gr. helper of man, [85]
Alessio, m. Ital. Gr. helper, [85]
Aletea, f. Span. Gr. truth, [126]
Alethea, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. truth, [126]
Alexander, m. Eng. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Alexandr, m. Bohm. Gr. helper of men, [84]
Alexandra, Eng. Gr. 84
Alexandre, m. Fr. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Alexandrina, f. Eng. Gr. helper of men, [84]
Alexandrine, f. Fr. Gr. helper of men, [84]
Alexandros, m. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Alexe, m. Fr. Gr. helper, [85]
Alexia, f. Ger. Gr. helper, [84]
Alexis, m. Eng. Ger. Gr. helper, [85]
Alexios, m. Gr. Gr. helper, [85]
Alexius, m. Lat. Gr. helper, [85]
Alfdis, f. Nor. Teu. household spirit, [380]
Alfgejr, m. Nor. Teu. elf spear, [380]
Alfgerdur, f. Nor. Teu. elf woman, [380]
Alfheidur, f. Nor. Teu. elf cheerfulness, [380]
Alfhild, f. Eng. Teu. elf battle maid, [380]
Alfliotr, f. Nor. Teu. elf terror, [380]
Alfonso, m. Span. Teu. eager for battle, [320]
Alfred, m. Eng. Fr. Teu. elf council, [380]
Alfreda, f. Eng. Teu. elf council, [380]
Alfredo, m. It. Teu. elf council, [380]
Alfried, m. Ger. Teu. elf council, [380]
Alfr, m. Nor. Teu. elf, [380]
Algar, m. Eng. Teu. hall spear, [380]
Algernon, m. Eng. Fr. with whiskers[whiskers], 427
Alice, f. Eng. Teu. noble cheer, [409]
Alicia, f. Ir. Teu. noble cheer, [409]
Alick, m. Scot. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Alienor, f. Prov. Gr. light, [67]
Aline, f. Ger. Teu. noble, [409]
Alison, f. Scot. Teu. famous war, [406]
Alitea, f. It. Gr. truth, [126]
Alix, f. Fr. Teu. noble cheer, [409]
Allan, m. Eng. Lat. cheerful (?), [280]
Allen, m. Eng. Lat. cheerful (?), [280]
Allighiero, m. Ital. Teu. noble spear, [412]
Alma, f. Lat. fair, [224]
Alma, f. Erse, Kelt. all good, [224]
Alma, f. Eng. Russ. (from the river), [224]
Almedha, f. Welsh, Kelt. shapely (?), [273]
Almeric, m. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Almerigo, m. Sp. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Almund, m. Eng. Teu. hall protection, [382]
Aloïs, m. Ger. Teu. famous war, [405]
Aloisia, f. Ger. Teu. famous war, [405]
Aloïsio, m. It. Teu. famous war, [405]
Aloizia, f. Bohm. Teu. famous war, [405]
Alonso, m. Span. Teu. eager for battle, [320]
Aloys, m. Prov. Teu. famous war, [405]
Alphege, m. Eng. Teu. tall as an elf, [381]
Alphonse, m. Fr. Teu. battle eager, [320]
Alphonsine, f. Fr. Teu. battle eager, [320]
Alphonso, m. Eng. Teu. battle eager, [320]
Alpin, m. Scot. Kelt. elf, [380]
Alpinolo, m. Ital. Teu. elf friend, [380]
Alric, m. Eng. Teu. hall ruler, [380]
Alswytha, f. Eng. Teu. hall strength, [380]
Althea, f. Eng. Gr. wholesome, [126]
Alured, m. Eng. Teu. elf peace, [380]
Alvar, m. Span. Port. Lat. white, [157]
Alwine, f. Ger. Teu. elf friend, [380]
Alysander, m. Eng. Gr. helper of man, [85]
Amabel, f. Eng. Lat. lovable, [182]
Amabilis, m. Lat. lovable, [182]
Amable, m. Fr. lovable, [181]
Amadas, m. Eng. Kelt. husbandman, [182]
Amadé, m. Fr. Lat. love God, [182]
Amadeo[Amadeo], m. Ital. Lat. love God, [182]
Amadeus, m. Ger. Lat. love God, [182]
Amadigi, m. Ital. Lat. love God, [182]
Amadis, m. Span. Lat. love God, [182]
Amadore, m. Flor. Lat. lover, [182]
Amaethon, m. Kymric. Kelt. husbandman, [182]
Amala, f. Lomb. work, [330]
Amalasontha, f. Lat. Teu. work strength, [330]
Amalaswind, f. Lomb. Teu. work strength, [330]
Amalberga, f. Ger. Teu. work protection, [330]
Amalbert, m. Ger. Teu. work bright, [330]
Amalberta, f. Ger. Teu. work bright, [330]
Amalfried, m. Ger. Teu. work peace, [330]
Amalfrida, f. Ger. Teu. fair work, [330]
Amalgaid, m. Erse, Kelt. work, or spotless (?), [330]
Amalgund, f. Ger. Teu. work war, [330]
Amalia, f. Ital. Teu. work, [330]
Amalie, f. Ger. Teu. work, [330]
Amalija, f. Russ. Slov. Teu. work, [330]
Amalilda, f. Ger. Teu. work battle maid, [330]
Amalina, f. Goth. Teu. work serpent, [330]
Amalrich, m. Ger. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Amaltrude, f. Ger. Teu. work maiden, [330]
Amand, m. Fr. Lat. worthy to be loved, [181]
Amanda, f. Eng. Lat. worthy to be beloved, [181]
Amandine, f. Fr. Lat. worthy to be beloved, [181]
Amando, m. Ital. Lat. worthy to be beloved, [181]
Amandus, m. Lat. worthy to be loved, [182]
Amata, f. Lat. beloved, [181]
Amatus, m. Lat. Lat. beloved, [182]
Amaury, m. Fr. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Amberkelleth, m. Gael. Kelt. joyful war, [231]
Ambrogio, m. Ital. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambroise, m. Fr. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrose, m. Eng. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrosio, m. Span. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrosios, m. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrosius, m. Lat. Gr. 109
Ambroz, m. Bohm. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrozij, m. Pol. Gr. immortal, [109]
Ambrus, m. Hung. Gr. immortal, [109]
Amé, m. Fr. Lat. loved, [182]
Amedée, m. Fr. Lat. love God, [182]
Amelia, f. Eng. Port. Teu. work, [330]
Amélie, f. Fr. Teu. work, [330]
Amelius, m. Eng. Teu. work, [330]
Amelot, m. Fr. Teu. work, [330]
Amelung, m. Teu. work, [330]
Americo, m. Port. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Amerigo, m. Ital. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Amias, m. Eng. Lat. love God, [182]
Amice, f. Eng. Lat. beloved, [182]
Amicia, f. Eng. Lat. beloved, [182]
Amicie, f. Cambrai. Lat. beloved, [182]
Amlaidh, m. Erse, Teu. forefather’s relic, [332]
Amma, f. Nor. Teu. grandmother, [332]
Amone, m. Ital. Teu. home, [311]
Amos, m. Eng. Heb. burthen, [50]
Amund, m. Nor. Teu. awful protection, [323]
Amvrossij, m. Russ. Gr. immortal, [109]
Amy, f. Eng. Lat. beloved, [182]
Amyas, m. Eng. Lat. love God, [182]
Amyot, m. Eng. Lat. love God, [182]
Ana, f. Span. Bohm. Slov. Heb. grace, [42]
Analo, m. Ger. Teu. ancestral, [332]
Ananias, m. Gr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [42]
Anarawd, f. Welsh, free of shame, [279]
Anastagio, m. Ital. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastase, m. Fr. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastasia, f. Eng. Ital. Russ. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastasij, m. Russ. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastasios, m. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastasius, m. Lat. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastasl, m. Bav. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anastazy, m. Pol. Gr. who shall rise again, [110]
Anatola, m. Fr. Gr. eastern, [200]
Anatolia, f. Gr. Gr. eastern, [200]
Anatolius, m. Gr. Gr. eastern, [200]
Anbiorn, m. Eng. Teu. eagle bear, [342]
Anca, f. Bohm. Heb. grace, [42]
Ancela, f. Pol. Gr. angel, [53]
Ancelin, servant, [262]
Ancelot, m. Fr. Lat. servant, [262]
Ancelote, f. Fr. Lat. servant, [262]
Ancika, f. Bohm. Gr. grace, [42]
Ancilée, f. Fr. Lat. servant, [262]
Anders, m. Dan. Gr. man, [86]
Andragathius, m. Gr. good man, [86]
André, m. Fr. Gr. man, [86]
Andrea, m. Ital. Gr. man, [86]
Andreana, f. Ital. Gr. man, [86]
Andréas, f. Ger. Gr. man, [86]
Andrée, f. Fr. Gr. man, [86]
Andreian, m. Russ. Lat. from Adria, [156]
Andrej, m. Lus. Gr. man, [86]
Andrejek, m. Slav. Gr. man, [86]
Andres, m. Span. Gr. man, [86]
Andrew, m. Eng. Gr. man, [86]
Andrezej[Andrezej], m. Pol. man, [86]
Andrien, m. Fr. Gr. man, [86]
Andries, m. N.L.D. Gr. man, [86]
Andrija, m. Serv. Gr. man, [86]
Andronicus, m. Lat. Gr. man’s victory, [86]
Andy, m. Ir. Gr. man, [86]
Ane, f. Lith. Heb. grace, [42]
Anessil, [242]
Aneta, f. Serv. Heb. grace, [42]
[Aneurin], m. Welsh, Gr. man of excellence.
Anezka, f. Bohm. Gr. pure, [119]
Angantyr, m. Nor. Teu. favourite of Tyr, [306]
Ange, m. Fr. Gr. angel, [53]
Angel, f. Eng. Gr. angel, [53]
Angela, f. Eng. Span. It. Gr. angel, [53]
Angèle, f. Fr. Gr. angel, [53]
Angelica, f. Ital. Ger. Gr. angelic, [53]
Angelico, m. Ital. Gr. angelic, [53]
Angelina, f. Eng. Ital. Gr. angel, [53]
Angeline, f. Fr. Gr. angel, [53]
Angelino, m. Ital. Gr. angel, [53]
Angelique, f. Fr. Gr. angelic, [53]
Angelos, m. Gr. Gr. angel, [53]
Angelot, f. Eng. Gr. angel, [53]
Anges, f. Fr. Gr. angels, [53]
Angharawd, f. Welsh, Kelt. free from shame, [279]
Angilbald, Ing’s prince, [325]
Angilrich, Ing’s king, [325]
Angiltrud, Ing’s maid, [325]
Angiolo, m. It. Gr. angel, [53]
Angus, m. Scot. Kelt. excellent virtue, [242]
Anicet, m. Fr. Gr. unconquered, [90]
Aniceto, m. Rom. Gr. unconquered, [90]
Anicsika, f. Serv. Heb. grace, [42]
Aniello, m. Neap. Gr. angel, [53]
Anikita, m. Russ. Gr. unconquered, [90]
Anikke, f. Lith. Heb. grace, [42]
Anisia, f. Eng. Gr. complete, [94]
Anita, f. Span. Heb. grace, [42]
Anjela, f. Bohm. Gr. angel, [53]
Anjelika, f. Bohm. Gr. angelic, [53]
Anjelina, f. Bohm. Gr. angel, [53]
Anjuska, f. Serv. Heb. grace, [42]
Anjutoka, f. Serv. Heb. grace, [42]
Ankaret, f. Eng. Gr. Kelt. free from shame, [279]
Anlaff, m. Eng. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Anmcha, m. Erse, Kelt. courageous, [224]
Ann, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Anna, f. Gr. It. Swed. Serv. Heb. grace, [42]
Annabel, f. Teu. Heb. eagle heroine (?), [41]
Annabella, f. Teu. Heb. eagle heroine (?), [41], [343]
Annali, f. Swiss, Heb. grace, [42]
Annaple, f. Scot. Heb. eagle heroine (?), [41], [343]
Annas, m. Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [41]
Annchen, f. Ger. Heb. grace, [42]
Annchet, f. Flem. Heb. grace, [42]
Anne, f. Eng. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Annerl, f. Bav. Heb. grace, [42]
Annes, f. Eng. Gr. complete, [94]
Annetta, f. Ital. Heb. grace, [42]
Annette, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Annibal, } m. [41]
Annibale, } f. Ital. Phœn. grace of Baal, [40]
Annibas, } [40]
Annice, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Annika, f. Dan. Heb. grace, [42]
Anninka, f. Russ. Heb. grace, [42]
Annjuscha, f. Russ. Heb. grace, [42]
Annonciada, f. Span. Lat. announced, [30]
Annonciade, f. Fr. Lat. announced, [30]
Annora, f. Eng. Heb. grace (?), [68], eagle of Thor, [343]
Annot, f. Scot. Heb. Light, [42]
Annunciata, f. Lat. announced, [30]
Annunziata, f. Ital. Lat. announced, [30]
Annusche, f. Lett. Heb. grace, [42]
Annuschka, f. Russ. Lat. grace, [42]
Annusia, f. Russ. Gr. complete, [94]
Annys, f. Eng. Gr. complete (?), [94]
Annze, f. Lith. Heb. grace, [42]
Anquetil, m. Fr. Teu. divine kettle, [290]
Ans, m. Lett. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Ansbrando, m. Pol. Teu. divine sword, [290]
Anschar, m. Ger. Teu. divine spear, [290]
Anselm, m. Eng. Teu. divine helmet, [290]
Anselme, m. Fr. Teu. divine helmet, [290]
Anselmo, m. Rom. Teu. divine helmet, [290]
Anselot, m. Fr. Lat. servant, [263]
Ansgar, m. Frank. Teu. divine war, [290]
Ansgard, f. Eng. Teu. divine guard, [290]
Ansgisil, f. Lom. Teu. divine pledge, [290]
Anshelm, m. Lom. Teu. divine helmet, [290]
Ansis, m. Lett. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Ansketil, m. Frank. Teu. divine cauldron, [291]
Ansmunt, divine protection, [291]
Anso, m. Gr. Teu. divine helmet, [291]
Anstace, f. Eng. Gr. resurrection, [110]
Anstice, m. Eng. resurrection, [110]
Anstys, m. Eng. resurrection, [110]
Ansvald, Gr. Teu. m. divine power, [292]
Anta, m. Lapp. Gr. man, [86]
Antal, m. Hung. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antek, m. Pol. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antelmo, m. It. Teu. divine helmet, [290]
Anthiball, m. Corn. Gr. surrounding.
Anthonius, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Anthony, m. Eng. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antoine, m. Fr. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antoinette, f. Fr. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antolin, m. Ger. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Anton, m. Ger. Russ. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonetta, f. Russ. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonetta, f. Swiss, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antoni, m. Pol. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonia, f. Ital. Span. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonie, f. Ger. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antoniea, f. Rom. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonietta, f. Rom. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonina, f. Ital. Span. Eng. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonino, m. Ital. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonio, m. Ital. Span. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antonius, m. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antons, m. Lett. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antony, m. Eng. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antoonje, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Antos, m. Pol. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Ants, m. Esth. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Anty, f. Ir. Gr. resurrection, [110]
Anysia, f. Gr. complete, [94]
Anzioleto, m. Ven. Gr. angel, [53]
Anziolina, f. Ven. Gr. angel, [53]
Anziolo, Ven. Gr. angel, [53]
Aodh, m. Gael. Kelt, fire, [227]
Aodhfin, m. Gael. Kelt, white fire, [227]
Aogostino, m. Pol. Lat. venerable, [158]
Aoibhin, f. Erse, Kelt, pleasant, [227]
Aoibhir Alluin, f. Gad. pleasantly excellent, [227]
Aoibhir Caomha, Gad. pleasantly amiable, [227]
Aoidhne, f. Erse, Kelt, fire, [227]
Aoife, f. Erse, Heb. pleasant, [227]
Aonghas, f. Erse, Kelt, excellent virtue, [242]
Aonio, m. Ital. Gr. inestimable, [142]
Aper, Lat. boar, [152]
Apolline, f. Fr. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Apollodorus, m. Lat. Gr. gift of Apollo, [65]
Apollonia, f. Lat. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Apollos, m. Eng. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Appo, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Aquila, m. Eng. Lat. eagle, [156]
Aquilina, f. Lat. Lat. eagle, [156]
Arabella, f. Eng. Teu. eagle heroine (?), [343]
Arbell, f. Eng. Teu. eagle heroine (?), [343]
Archambault, m. Fr. Teu. holy prince, [328]
Archangel, m. Eng. Gr. archangel, [73]
Archibald, m. Scot. Teu. holy prince, [329]
Archie, m. Scot. Teu. holy prince, [329]
Archimbald, m. Ger. Teu. holy prince, [329]
Arcibaldo, m. Ital. Teu. holy prince, [329]
Ardh, m. Erse, Kelt, high, [266]
Ardisheer, m. Pers. Zend, fire king, [224]
Aregwydd, Cym. Kelt.
Arch, m. Slov. Teu. ever king, [400]
Arend, m. Dutch, Teu. eagle power, [343]
Areta, f. Corn. Gr. virtuous rule, [64]
Arethusa, f. Gr. Gr. virtuous, [83]
Aretino, m. Ital. Gr. virtuous, [83]
Argyro, f. Gr. Gr. silver, [125]
Ari, m. Nor. Teu. eagle, [342]
Arianwen, f. Welsh, Kelt, silver, [125], [282]
Arinbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. hearth bear, [342]
Ariovistus, m. Lat. Teu. host leader, [342]
Arisa, f. Russ. Arab, [449]
Aristagoras, Gr. Eng. best assembly, [83]
Aristarchus, m. Lat. Gr. best governor, [83]
Aristide, m. Fr. Gr. son of the best, [83]
Aristides, m. Eng. Gr. son of the best, [83]
Aristippus, Gr. Eng. best horse, [83]
Aristobulus, m. Lat. Gr. best council, [83]
Aristocles, Gr. Eng. best fame, [83]
Arje, m. Dutch, Lat. from Adria, [156]
Arkles, m. Eng. Gr. noble fame (?), [63]
Armand, m. Fr. Teu. public, [327]
Armando, m. Span. Teu. public, [327]
Armanno, m. It. Teu. public, [327]
Armantine, f. Fr. Teu. public, [327]
Armine, m. Eng. Teu. public, [327]
Arminius, m. Lat. Teu. public, [327]
Armyn, m. Eng. Teu. public, [327]
Arnaldo, m. Span. Prov. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnalldr, m. Nor. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnaud, m. Fr. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnaut, m. Fr. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnbiorg, f. Nor. Teu. eagle defence, [342]
Arnbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. eagle bear, [342]
Arndis, f. Nor. eagle spirit, [342]
Arne, m. Dutch, Lat. from Adria, [156]
Arneidur, f. Nor. Teu. eagle haste, [342]
Arnfinn, m. Nor. Teu. white eagle, [342]
Arnfridur, f. Nor. Teu. fair eagle, [342]
Arngeir, m. Nor. Teu. eagle spear, [342]
Arngrim, m. Nor. Teu. eagle mask, [342]
Arngrimer, m. Nor. Teu. eagle mask, [342]
Arnhold, m. Ger. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnkatla, f. Nor. Teu. eagle cauldron, [342]
Arnkjell, m. Nor. Teu. eagle cauldron, [342]
Arnlaug, f. Ger. Teu. eagle liquor, [342]
Arnleif, m. Nor. Teu. eagle relic, [342]
Arnliotor, m. Nor. Teu. eagle terror, [342]
Arnmodr, Nor. Teu. eagle wrath, [342]
Arnold, m. Ger. Eng. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnoldine, f. Ger. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnolf, m. Ger. Teu. eagle wolf, [342]
Arnost, m. Bohm. Teu. eagle stone (?), [342]
Arnostinrka, f. Bohm. Teu. eagle stone, [342]
Arnoud, m. Fr. Teu. eagle power, [342]
Arnoul, m. Fr. Teu. eagle wolf, [342]
Arnridur, f. Nor. Teu. eagle haste, [343]
Arnstein, m. Nor. Teu. eagle stone, [342]
Arnthona, f. Nor. Teu. eagle maiden, [343]
Arnthor, m. Nor. Teu. eagle of Thor, [343]
Arnthora, f. Nor. Teu. eagle of Thor, [343]
Arnulf, m. Eng. Teu. eagle wolf, [343]
Arnulv, m. Nor. Teu. eagle wolf, [343]
Arnvalldr, m. Nor. Teu. eagle power, [343]
Arnvid, m. Nor. Teu. eagle of the wood, [343]
Arri, f. Lith. Lat. honourable, [191]
Arrian, m. Dutch, Lat. of Adria, [156]
Arrighetta, f. Ital. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Arrighetto, m. Ital. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Arrigo, m. Ital. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Arrigozo, m. Ital. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Arriguccio, m. Ital. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Arsaces, m. Gr. Zend, venerable, [57]
Arsha, m. Pers. Zend, venerable, [57]
Arshk, m. Pers. Zend, venerable, [57]
Arsinoe, f. Fr. Gr. venerable, [57]
Artabanus, Pers. fire worshipper.
Artabanus, fire guardian.
Artamenes, Pers. great minded.
Artakshatra, m. Zend, fire king, [56]
Artaxerxes, m. Gr. Zend, fire king, [56]
Artemidore, m. Fr. Gr. gift of Artemis, [65]
Artemidorus, m. Lat. Gr. gift of Artemis, [65]
Artemise, f. Fr. Gr. of Artemis, [65]
Artemisia, f. It. Gr. of Artemis, [65]
Arth, m. Scot. Kelt, high, [266]
Arthegal, m. Eng. Kelt, high courage, [266]
Arthgal, m. Erse, Kelt, high courage, [266]
Arthmael, m. Erse, Kelt, high chief, [266]
Arthur, m. Eng. Kelt, high, [266]
Arthurine, f. Eng. Kelt, high, [266]
Arthwys, m. Welsh, [266]
Arturo, m. Ital. Kelt, high, [266]
Artus, m. Fr. Kelt, high, [266]
Arve, m. Dan. Teu. eagle of the wood, [342]
Arviragus, m. Lat. Kelt, high king, [267]
Arwystli, m. Welsh, Gr. best council, [83]
Asbera, f. Nor. Teu, divine bear, [291]
Asbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. divine protection, [291]
Arbjorn, m. Nor. Teu. divine bear, [291]
Asbrand, m. Ice. Teu. divine sword, [291]
Ascelin, m. Eng. Lat. servant, [268]
Asgard, f. Ice. Teu. divine guard, [291]
Asgaut, m. Nor. Teu. divine good, [291]
Asgjer, m. Nor. Teu. divine spear, [291]
Asgrim, m. Ice. Teu. divine wrath, [291]
Asher, m. Eng. Heb. blessed, [7]
Askatla, divine cauldron, [290]
Askel, m. Ice. Teu. divine cauldron, [290]
Asketyl, m. Ice. Teu. divine cauldron, [290]
Askjell, m. Nor. Teu. divine cauldron, [290]
Aslak, m. Nor. Teu. divine sport, [290]
Aslavg, f. Nor. Teu. divine liquor, [290]
Asleif, m. Nor. Teu. divine relic, [290]
Asmundr, m. Nor. Teu. divine hand, [290]
Asmus, m. Dutch, Gr. beloved, [113]
Aspamirtas, m. Gr. Pers. horse lover, [78]
Aspasia, f. Gr. Gr. welcome, [60]
Assrenta, f. Ital. Lat. taken up into heaven, [30]
Assur, m. Eng. Teu. the gods, [289]
Asta, f. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Astolfo, m. Ital. Teu. swift wolf, [335], [401]
Astrid, f. Nor. Teu. impulse of love, [401]
Asuerues, m. Fr. Zend, venerable king, [57]
Asvald, m. Nor. Teu. divine power, [290]
Asvard, m. Nor. Teu. divine ward, [290]
Asvor, m. Nor. Teu. divine prudence, [290]
Asvora, f. Nor. Teu. divine prudence, [290]
Ata, m. Lapp. Gr. man, [86]
Atalik, m. Hung. Tatar, father-like, [13]
Atanacko, m. Serv. Gr. undying, [109]
Atanagio, m. Ital. Gr. undying, [109]
Atanasia, m. Ital. Gr. undying, [109]
Atanasio, m. It. Gr. undying, [109]
Athanase, m. Fr. Gr. undying, [109]
Athanasios, m. Gr. undying, [109]
Athanasius, m. Eng. Lat. Ger. Gr. undying, [109]
Athelstan, m. Eng. Teu. noble stone, [349]
Athelwold, m. Eng. Teu. noble power, [349]
Athenagoras, m. Gr. Athene’s assembly, [64]
Athenaios, m. Gr. Gr. of Athene, [64]
Athenais, f. Fr. Gr. of Athene, [64]
Athenodorus, m. Lat. Gr. Athene’s gift, [64]
Atli, m. Nor. Tatar, father-like, [13]
Atte, m. Lett. Teu. rich, [376]
Attila, m. Lat. Tatar, father-like, [13]
Attilius, m. Lat. father-like (?), [13]
Attinsch, m. Lett. Teu. rich, [376]
Attok, m. Lapp. Gr. man, [86]
Atty, m. Ir. Kelt, high, or horseman, [266]
Aubrey, m. Eng. Teu. elf ruler, [380]
Aubri, m. Fr. Teu. elf ruler, [380]
Aud, f. Ice. Teu. rich, [376]
Auda, f. Eng. Teu. rich, [376]
Audafrei, m. Fr. Teu. rich peace, [376]
Audard, m. Fr. Teu. people’s firmness, [375]
Audgrie, m. Nor. Teu. rich helmet, [376]
Audgunnr, f. Nor. Teu. rich war, [376]
Audoacer, m. Goth. Teu. treasure watcher, [376]
Audoenus, m. Lat. Teu. rich friend, [376]
Audofled, f. Frank. Teu. rich increase, [376]
Audoin, m. Lomb. rich friend, [376]
Audovard, m. Nor. Teu. rich guard, [376]
Audr, m. Nor. Teu. rich, [376]
Audrey, f. Eng. Teu. noble threatener, [410]
Audulf, m. Ice. Teu. rich wolf, [335]
Audur, m. Ice. Teu. rich, [376]
Audvakr, m. Goth. Teu. treasure watcher, [376]
Audwine, m. Frank. Teu. rich friend, [376]
Augen, rich war, [376]
Augmund, m. Nor. Teu. awful protection, [323]
August, m. Ger. Lat. venerable, [157]
Augusta, f. Eng. Ger. Lat. venerable, [157]
Auguste, m. Fr. Lat. venerable, [157]
Augusteen, f. Ir. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augustin, m. Eng. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augustina, f. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augustine, f. Fr. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augustino, m. Span. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augustinus, m. Lat. Lat. venerable, [158]
Augusts, m. Lett. Lat. venerable, [157]
Augustus, m. Lat. Eng. Lat. venerable, [157]
Augustyn, m. Pol. Lat. venerable, [158]
Auhy, Ir. Kelt. horseman, [276]
Aujusts, m. Lett. Lat. venerable, [157]
Aulus, m. Lat. Lat. sustaining (?), or cockle (?), or hall, [131]
Aurelia, f. Eng. Lat. golden, [143]
Aurélie, f. Fr. Lat. golden, [143]
Aurelius, m. Lat. golden, [143]
Aurora, f. Eng. Ger. Lat. dawn, [169]
Aurore, f. Fr. Lat. dawn, [169]
Austin, m. Eng. Lat. venerable, [158]
Authaire, m. Teu. rich warrior, [378]
Avald, m. Nor. Teu. [323]
Avarddwy, m. Cym. Kelt. [224]
Avel, m. Russ. Heb. breath, [11]
Aveline, f. Norman, Heb. pleasant, [232]
Averil, f. Eng. Teu. wild boar battle maid, [337]
Averkie, m. Wall. Teu. noble ruler, [412]
Avgust, m. Russ. Lat. venerable, [157]
Avgusta, f. Russ. Lat. venerable, [157]
Avgusta, f. Russ. Slov. Lat. venerable, [157]
Avgustin, m. Russ. Slov. Lat. venerable, [157]
Avice, f. Eng. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Avicia, f. Lat. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Avis, f. Eng. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Avraam, m. Russ. Heb. father of multitudes, [12]
Avramij, m. Russ. Heb. father of multitudes, [12]
Awdry, f. Eng. Teu. noble threatener, [310]
Awel, m. Russ. Heb. breath, [11]
Awlay, m. Scott. Kelt. work, [330]
Awnan, m. Ir. Heb. Lat. Adam, the dwarf, [10]
Awst, m. Welsh, Lat. venerable, [157]
Axel, m. Dan. Teu. divine reward, [13]
Ayelt, m. Fris. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Ayldo, m. Fris. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Aylmer, m. Eng. Teu. formidable fame, [323]
Aylward, m. Eng. Teu. formidable guard, [323]
Aylwin, m. Eng. Teu. formidable friend, [323]
Aylwin, m. Eng. Teu. formidable fame, [323]; elf friend, [266]
Aymar, m. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Aymon, m. Fr. Teu. home, [311]
Ayoub, m. Arab. Heb. persecuted, [26]
Azalaïs, f. Prov. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Azalbert, m. Prov. Teu. nobly bright, [411]
Azelin, m. Norman, Tatar, fatherlike, [13]
Azemar, m. Prov. Teu. fierce fame, [412]
Azo, m. Ital. Lat. from Acca, [140]
Azor, m. Norman, Teu. the gods, [289]
Azzo, m. Ital. Lat. from Acca, [140]
Azzolino, m. Ital. Lat. from Acca, [140]

Baaje, m. Nor. Teu. bow, [351]
Bab, f. Eng. Gr. stranger, [117]
Baba, f. Lus. Swiss, Gr. stranger, [117]
Babali, f. Swiss, Gr. stranger, [117]
Babbe, f. Lett. Gr. stranger, [117]
Babeli, f. Swiss, Gr. stranger, [117]
Babet, f. Fr. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Babette, f. Fr. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Babiche, f. Fr. Heb. stranger, [117]
Babichon, f. Fr. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Babie, f. Scot. Gr. stranger, [117]
Babuscha, f. Lus. Gr. stranger, [117]
Baccio, m. Ital. Lat. babbler, [159]
Badezom, m. Bret. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Badilo, m. Ger. Teu. messenger, [413]
Bado, m. Ger. Teu. messenger, [413]
Baez, m. Welsh, Kelt. boar, [152]
Bahee, f. Manx, life, [243]
Bal, m. Lus. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Bal, m. Lus. Lat. healthy, [152]
Balas, m. Hung. Lat. babbler, [159]
Balawn, m. Welsh, Lat. strong, [153]
Balbus, m. Lat. stammerer, [159]
Baldag, m. A.S. Teu. white day, [303]
Baldassare, m. Ital. Pers. war council, [211]
Baldbrecht, m. Ger. princely splendour, [303]
Baldeflede, f. Eng. Teu. princely increase, [303]
Baldegisel, m. Frank. Teu. prince pledge, [303]
Baldemar, m. Ger. Teu. princely fame, [303]
Baldemund, m. Ger. Teu. princely protection, [303]
Balderich, m. Ger. Teu. prince ruler, [303]
Balderik, m. Swiss, Teu. prince ruler, [303]
Balderik, m. Swed. Teu. prince ruler, [303]
Balderyk, m. Pol. Teu. prince ruler, [303]
Baldetrud, f.[f.] Ger. Teu. princely maid, [303]
Baldfried, m. Ger. Teu. prince peace, [303]
Baldie, m. Scot. Teu. sacred prince, [303]
Baldo, m. Ger. Teu. prince, [303]
Baldovino, m. Ital. Teu. prince friend, [303]
Baldramm, m. Eng. Teu. prince raven, [303]
Baldred, m. Eng. Teu. prince council, [303]
Baldric, m. Eng. Teu. prince ruler, [303]
Baldur, m. Nor. Teu. white, [303]
Baldwin, m. Eng. Teu. prince friend, [304]
Baldwine, m. Eng. Teu. prince friend, [304]
Balint, m. Lith. Lat. strong, [153]
Balk, m. Lus. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Balk, m. Lus. Lat. healthy, [153]
Balsys, m. Lith. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Balta, m. Ill. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Baltasar, m. Span. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Baltasard, m. Fr. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Baltassare, m. Ital. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Baltazar, m. Ill. Pers. war council(?), [211]
Balthasar, m. Ger. Eng. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Balto, m. Ill. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Baltramejus, m. Lith. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Baltras, m. Lith. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Baltyn, m. Lus. Pers. war council (?), [211]
Bältzel, m. Swiss, Pers. war council (?), [211]
Balz, m. Swiss, Pers. war council (?), [211]
Banan, Erse, white, [244]
Banej, m. Slov. Lat. of the city, [202]
Bandi, m. Hung. Gr. man, [86]
Banquo, m. Eng. Kelt. white, [244]
Baothgalach, m. Erse, Kelt. youthful courage, [224]
Baptist, m. Russ. Ger. Eng. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Baptista, m. Port. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Baptiste, m. Fr. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Baptysta, m. Pol. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Barak, m. Eng. Heb. lightning.
Barba, f. Ill. Span. Eng. Slav. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbara, f. Ger. It. Russ. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbary, f. Eng. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbe, f. Fr. Lett. Ger. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbeli, f. Gr. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbica, f. Slov. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbora, f. Lus. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbota, f. Bohm. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbraa, f. Dutch, Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbule, f. Lett. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barbutte, f. Lith. Gr. stranger, [117]
Barca, m. Lat. Phœn. lightning,
Bardo, m. Dan. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bardolf, m. Eng. Teu. bright wolf, [335]
Bardr, m. Nor. Ice. beard, [427]
Barend, m. Dutch, Teu. firm bear, [339]
Barna, m. Ital. Heb. son of consolation, [24]
Barnaba, m. Ital. Ger. Heb. son of consolation, [24]
Barnabas, m. Eng. Heb. son of consolation, [24]
Barnabé, m. Fr. Heb. son of consolation, [24]
Barnaby, m. Eng. Heb. son of consolation, [24]
Barnard, m. Ir. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Barney, m. Ir. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Barry, m. Ir. Kelt. looking straight at the mark, [224]
Bart, m. Dutch, Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartek, m. Pol. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartel, m. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barteo, m. Ill. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barthel, m. Ger. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barthelemi, m. Fr. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartholomœus, Lat. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartholomao, m. Port. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartholomew, m. Eng. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartholomieu, m. Fr. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barthram, m. Scot. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Bartl, m. Bav. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartleme, m. Swiss, Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartley, m. Ir. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartli, m. Swiss, Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartlme, m. Bav. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartlomiej, m. Pol. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barto, m. Lus. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartold, m. Ger. Teu. bright power, [415]
Bartolik, m. Ill. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartolo, m. Span. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartolomée, m. Fr. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartolome, m. Span. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartolomeo, m. Ital. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bartram, m. Litt. Teu. bright raven, [345], [415]
Bartramusch, m. Litt. Teu. bright raven, [345]
Bartulf, m. Ger. Teu. bright wolf, [345]
Bartuo, m. Ill. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Barzillai, m. Eng. Heb. son of iron, [25]
Bascho, m. Swiss, Gr. awful, [111]
Basil, m. Ger. Eng. Gr. kingly, [112]
Basile, m. Fr. Gr. kingly, [112]
Basilia, f. Eng. Gr. kingly, [112]
Basilio, m. Ital. Gr. kingly, [112]
Basine, f. Prov. Gr. kingly, [112]
Baste, m. Nor. Ger. awful, [111]
Basti, m. Bav. Gr. awful, [111]
Bastia, m. Swiss, Gr. awful, [111]
Bastiali, m. Swiss, Gr. awful, [111]
Bastian, m. Ger. Gr. awful, [111]
Bastiano, m. Ital. Gr. awful, [111]
Bastiao, m. Port. Gr. awful, [111]
Bastien, m. Fr. Gr. awful, [111]
Bat, m. Eng. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bathanat, m. Kelt, son of the boar, [224]
Bathilda, f. Eng. Teu. commanding battle maid, [338], [413]
Bathilde, f. Fr. Teu. commanding battle maid, [413]
Bathsheba, f. Eng. Heb. daughter of the oath.
Bathshua, f. Eng. Heb. daughter of the oath.
Bâtiste, m. Fr. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Batiste, m. Fr. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Batram, m. Lus. Teu. bright raven 345, [415]
Batramusch, m. Lus. Teu. bright raven, [345], [415]
Battista, f. Fr. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Baud, m. Fr. Teu. prince, [303]
Baudouin, m. Fr. Teu. princely friend, [303]
Baudoin, f. Fr. Teu. princely friend, [303]
Baudri, m. Fr. Teu. bold ruler, [303]
Baudhildur, f. Nor. Teu. commanding battle maid, [413]
Baudrand, m. Fr. Teuton, prince raven, [303]
Baudouin, m. Fr. Teu. prince friend, [303]
Bauge, m. Ice. Teu. bow, [351]
Baugisel, m. Ice. Teu. bow pledge, [351]
Bauista, m. Span. Gr. baptizer, [44]
Bazyli, m. Pol. Gr. kingly, [112]
Beadweig, m. A.S. Teu. battle war.
Brearck, Lat. Ill. babbler, [158]
Beat, m. Fr. Lat. blessed, [183]
Beata, f. Eng. Lat. blessed, [183]
Beate, f. Fr. Lat. blessed, [183]
Beatrica, f. Slov. Lat. blesser, [183]
Beatrice, f. Ital. Eng. Ger. Lat. blesser, [183]
Beatriks, f. Russ. Lat. blesser, [183]
Beatrix, f. French, Port. Lat. blesser, [183]
Beatus, m. Lat. blessed, [183]
Bebba, f. Swiss, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bebbeli, f. Swiss, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bebinn, f. Gael. Kelt. melodious, [224]
Becky, f. Eng. Heb. noosed cord, [14]
Bedaws, m. Cym. Kelt. life, [254]
Bede, m. Eng. Kelt. life, Teu. prayer, [254]
Bedrich, m. Bohm. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Bedriska, f. Bohm. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Bedwulf, m. Eng. Teu. commanding wolf, [335], [413]
Bees, f. Eng. Teu. praying—Kelt. life, [253]
Beffana, f. It. Gr. manifestation, [212]
Bega, f. Eng. Kelt. life—Teu. prayer, [253]
Begga, f. Nor. Kelt. life—Teu. prayer, [253]
Beìeli, m. Swiss, Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Bejmia, m. Lus. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Bela, f. Span. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bela, m. Hung. Teu. nobly bright, [410]
Belinda, f. Eng. Ital. (?) serpent, [464]
Belisarius, m. Lat. Slav. white prince, [211]
Belitzar, m. Slav. white prince, [211]
Belle, f. Eng. Phœn. oath of Baal, [35]
Bellona, f. Eng. Lat. warlike, [169]
Bellovisus, m. Lat. beautiful to behold, [352]
Belphœbe, f. Eng. Gr. far light, [65]
Beltran, m. Span. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Bema, f. Lus. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Ben, m. Eng. Heb. son of the right hand, [7]
Bendik, m. Nor. Lat. blessed, [184]
Bendikkas, m. Lett. Lat. blessed, [184]
Bendzus, m. Lett. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedek, m. Hung. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedetta, f. Ital. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedetto, m. Ital. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedict, m. Eng. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedicta, f. Port. Eng. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedictine, f. Ger. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedicto, m. Port. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedictus, m. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedikt, m. Ger. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedickta, f. Ger. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedit, m. Ill. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedix, m. Ger. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benedykt, m. Pol. Lat. blessed, [184]
Bengt, Swed. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benigna, f. Ger. Lat. kind, [183]
Benigne, m. Fr. Lat. kind, [183]
Benignus, m. Lat. kind, [183]
Beniesch, Lus. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benin, m. Fr. Lat. kind, [183]
Benita, f. Span. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benito, m. Span. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benjamin, m. Eng. Heb. son of the right hand, [7]
Benjamino, m. It. Heb. son of the right hand, [7]
Benjie, m. Scot. Heb. son of the right hand, [7]
Bennéad, m. Bret. Lat. blessed, [184]
Bennéged, m. Bret. Lat. blessed, [184]
Bennet, m. Eng. Lat. blessed, [183]
Benno, m. Ger. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Benoit, m. Fr. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benoite, f. Fr. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benoni, m. Eng. Heb. son of sorrow, [7]
Bent, m. Dan. Lat. blessed, [184]
Benvenuto, m. It. welcome, [185]
Benyna, f. Lith. Lat. kind, [183]
Benzel, m. Swiss, Lat. blessed, [184]
Benzli, m. Swiss, Lat. blessed, [184]
Beorn, m. A.S. Teu. bear, [339]
Beornulf, m. A.S. Teu. bear wolf, [339]
Beornwald, m. A.S. Teu. bear power, [339]
Beorhtric, m. A.S. Teu. bright ruler, [415]
Beowulf, m. A.S. Teu. harvest wolf, [335]
Beppo, m. It. Heb. addition, [23]
Bera, f. Nor. Teu. bear, [339]
Berach, m. Erse, Kelt. looking straight at the mark, [224]
Béranger, m. Fr. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Bérengère[Bérengère], f. Fr. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Berault, m. Fr. Teu. bear power, [340]
Berchta, f. Ger. Teu. bright, [415]
Berchthilda, f. Frank. Teu. bright battle maid, [415]
Berchtiramm, m. Frank. Teu. bright raven, [345], [415]
Berchtvold, m. A.S. Teu. bright power, [339], [415]
Berdrand, m. Ger. Teu. bright raven, [345], [415]
Berend, m. Ger. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Berengar, m. Ger. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Berengaria, f. Eng. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Berenger, m. Eng. Span. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Berenguela, f. Span. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Berenice, f. Macedonian, Gr. bringing victory, [90]
Berents, Lett. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Berghild, f. Nor. Teu. protecting battle maid, [419]
Bergliot, f. Swed. Teu. mountain terror, [419]
Berge, f. Lett. Kelt. [236]
Bergswain, m. Nor. Teu. protecting youth, [419]
Bergthor, m. Nor. Teu. protecting Thor, [419]
Bergthora, f. Nor. Teu. protecting Thor, [419]
Bernal, m. Span. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernaldo, m. Fr. It. Teu. bear’s power, [339]
Bernard, m. Eng. Teu. firm bear, [340]
Bernardek, m. Slov. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardin, m. Fr. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardina, f. Ital. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardine, f. Fr. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardino, m. Ital. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardo, m. Ital. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernardu, m. Wallach. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernat, m. Hung. Teu. firm bear, [339]
Bernclo, m. Bav. Teu. bear’s claw, [339]
Bernd, m. Fris. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Berner, m. Ger. Teu. bear warrior, [339]
Berngard, m. Russ. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Bernhard, m. Ger. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Berngard, f. Dan. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Bernhardine, f. Ger. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Bernice, Eng. Gr. bringing victory, [90]
Bernold, m. Ger. Teu. bear power, [339]
Berns, m. Lett. Teu. bear firm, [339]
Bersi, m. Nor. Teu. bear, [339]
Berta, f. Ital. Pol. Teu. bright (Epiphany night), [212], [415]
Bertalda, f. Ger. Teu. bright battle maid, [415]
Bertaldo, m. It. Teu. bright firm, [415]
Bertar, m. Ger. Teu. bright warrior, [415]
Bertel, m. Ger. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bertel, Dan. Teu. noble brightness, [415]
Bertelmes, m. Dutch, Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Bertha, f. Eng. Ger. Teu. bright (Epiphany night), [212], [415]
Berthe, f. Fr. Teu. bright (Epiphany night), [212], [415]
Berthilda, f. Ger. Teu. bright battle maid, [414]
Berthold, m. Ger. Teu. bright firm, [415]
Bertille, f. Fr. Teu. bright battle maid, [414]
Bertin, m. Fr. Teu. bright friend, [415]
Berto, m. Ger. Teu. bright.
Bertok, m. Hung. Teu. bright raven, [414]
Bertold, m. Ger. Teu. bright power, [414]
Bertoldo, m. Ital. Teu. bright firm, [414]
Bertolf, m. Ger. Teu. bright wolf, [335]
Bertoud, m. Fr. Teu. bright firm, [415]
Bertrade, f. Fr. Teu. bright speech, [415]
Bertram, m. Ger. Eng. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Bertran, m. Prov. Span. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Bertrand, m. Fr. Ger. Teu. bright raven, or shield, [415]
Bertrăo, m. Span. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Bertrich, m. Ger. Teu. bright rule, [415]
Bertrud, f. Ger. Teu. bright maid, [415]
Bertuccio, m. Ital. Teu. bright friend, [415]
Bertulf, m. Ger. Teu. bright wolf, [335], [415]
Bertwine, m. Ger. Teu. bright friend, [415]
Berzske, f. Lett. Kelt. strength, [236]
Bess, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Besse, m. Nor. Teu. bear, [339]
Bessie, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bessy, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bet, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Beta, f. Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Beth, f. Gael. Kelt. life, [253]
Betha, f. Swiss, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bethia, f. Eng. Kelt. life, [253]
Bethlem, m. Hung. Heb. house of bread, [39]
Bethoc, f. Gael. Kelt. life, [253]
Betsey, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Betta, f. It. Lat. blessed, [183]
Bette, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bettina, f. It. Lat. blessed, [183]
Bettine, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bettino, m. Ital. Lat. blessed, [183]
Betto, m. Ital. Lat. blessed, [183]
Bettrys, f. Welsh, Lat. blesser, [183]
Betty, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Bevis, m. Eng. Teu. bow, [351]
Biagio, m. Ital. Lat. babbler, [159]
Bianca, f. Ital. Teu. white, [428]
Biasio, m. Ital. Lat. babbler, [159]
Bibiana, f. Lat. living, [197]
Bibianus, m. Lat. living, [197]
Biddulph, f. Eng. Teu. commanding wolf, [413]
Biddy, f. Ir. Kelt. strength, [235]
Bice, f. It. Lat. blesser, [183]
Bildaberta, f. Ger. [212]
Bilichilde, f. Fr. Teu. resolute battle maid, [314]
Bilippos, m. Macedonian, Gr. loving horses, [79]
Bill, m. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [314]
Bille, f. Lith. Lat. wise old woman, [313]
Bindus, m. Lett. Lat. blessed, [183]
Bine, f. Serv. Lat. kind, [184]
Binkentios, m. Gr. Lat. conquering, [197]
Biorgulv, m. Nor. protecting wolf, [419]
Birge, [419]
Birger, m. Dan. Teu. protecting warrior, [419]
Birre, f. Esth. Kelt. strength, [236]
Bisch, Swiss, Gr. baptism, [44]
Bischeli, Swiss, Gr. baptism, [44]
Bjorgulv, m. Ice. Teu. mountain wolf, [419]
Bjorn, m. Nor. Teu. bear, [339]
Bjornar, m. Nor. Teu. bear warrior, [339]
Bjorngjar, m. Nor. Teu. bear spear, [339]
Bjorngjerd, m. Nor. Teu. bear spear.
Bjornhard, m. Nor. Teu. stern bear, [339]
Bjornhedinn, m. Nor. Teu. bear fury, [339]
Bjornstern, m. Nor. Teu. bear star, [339]
Bjornulv, m. Nor. Teu. bear wolf, [339]
Blaas, m. Dutch, Teu. babbler, [159]
Blagodvoj, m. Ill. Slav. good war, [444]
Blagogost, m. Slav. good guest, [444]
Blagoje, Ill. Slav. good war, [444]
Blagorod, m. Ill. Slav. good birth, [444]
Blagoslav, m. Ill. Slav. good glory, [444]
Blaise, m. Fr. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blaisot, m. Fr. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blanca, f. Ger. Span. Teu. white, [429]
Blanch, f. Eng. Teu. white, [428]
Blanche, f. Fr. Teu. white, [429]
Blanchefleur, f. Fr. Teu. white flower, [172], [428]
Blanco, m. Span. Teu. white, [429]
Blas, m. Span. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blase, m. Eng. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasek, m. Ill. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasi, m. Ger. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasia, f. Ger. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasio, m. It. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasius, m. Ger. Lat. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasko, m. Ill. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blasok, m. Bav. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blaszej, m. Pol. Bohm. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blathnaid, f. Erse, Kelt, white flower, [428]
Blaz, m. Ill. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blaze, m. Eng. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blazek, m. Ill. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blazena, f. Slav. Slav, happy, [444]
Blazko, m. Ill. Lat. babbler, [159]
Blenda, f. Swed. Teu. dazzling, [429]
Boadicea, f. Lat. Kelt, victory, [227]
Boaventura, m. Port. Ital. well met, [185]
Bob, m. Eng. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Bobbo, m. Ger. Teu. father, [333]
Bobo, m. Ger. Teu. father, [333]
Bodil, f. Nor. Teu. commanding battle maid, [413]
Bodild, f. Nor. Teu. commanding battle maid, [413]
Bodmod, m. Dan. Teu. battle fury, [414]
Bodnar, m. Dan. Teu. battle leader, [414]
Bodo, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [413]
Bodulf, m. Dan. Teu. commanding wolf, [413]
Bodvulf, m. A.S. Teu. commanding wolf, [413]
Bodvulf, m. Dan. Teu. battle wolf, [414]
Boel, f. Nor. Teu. commanding battle maid, [413]
Boemondo, m. It. Slav. God’s love (?).
Boethius, m. Lat. Kelt. youthful courage.
Bogasav, m. Ill. Slav. God’s glory, [438]
Bogdan, m. Slav. Slav. God’s gift, [438]
Bogdana, f. Slav. Slav. God’s gift, [438]
Boge, m. Nor. Teu. bow, [352]
Bogislaus, m. Eng. Slav. God’s glory, [438]
Bogo, m. Ger. Teu. bow, [352]
Bogoboj, m. Slav. Slav. God’s battle, [438]
Bogohval, m. Slav. Slav. God’s praise, [438]
Bogomil, m. Ill. Slav. God’s love, [438]
Bogoslav, m. Slav. Slave, God’s glory, [438]
Bogue, m. Eng. Teu. bow, [352]
Bohdan, m. Bohm. Slav. God’s gift, [438]
Bohdana, m. Bohm. Slav. God’s gift, [438]
Bohemond, m. Eng. Slav. God’s love (?), [438]
Bohumil, m. Bohm. Slav. God’s love, [438]
Bohumir, m. Bohm. Slav. God’s peace, [438]
Boidh, m. Gadhaelic, Erse, yellow, [252]
Boldisar, m. Hung. Pers. war council, [211]
Boleslao, m. Span. Slav. stronger glory, [441]
Boleslas, m. Fr. Slav. strong glory, [441]
Boleslau, m. Port. Slav, strong-glory, [441]
Boleslav, m. Slav. Slav. strong glory, [441]
Bolta, m. Ill. Pers. [211]
Boltazar, m. Slov. Pers. [211]
Bona, f. It. Ger. Lat. good, [185]
Bonaventura, m. It. well met, [185]
Bonaventure, m. Fr. It. well met, [185]
Bondr, m. Nor. farmer, [332]
Bonifac, m. Bohm. Lat. well doer, [185]
Boniface, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifacij, m. Russ. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifacio, m. It. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifacius, m. Ger. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifacy, m. Pol. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifaz, m. Ger. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonifazio, m. It. Lat. well doer, [185]
Bonne, f. Fr. Lat. good, [185]
Bopp, m. Swiss, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Boppi, f. Swiss, Heb. addition, [23]
Boris, m. Russ. fight, [441]
Borka, m. Russ. Slav. fight, [441]
Borinka, m. Russ. Slav. fight, [441]
Borivor, m. Bohm. Slav. fight, [441]
Borgny, protecting freshness, [419]
Borny, protecting freshness, [419]
Borbola, Hung. stranger, [117]
Boris, Hung. stranger, [117]
Bors, m. Eng. Kelt. boar, [152]
Bortolo, m. It. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Boso, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [413]
Bostej, m. Sl. Gr. awful, [111]
Bostjan, m. Sl. Gr. awful, [111]
Botheric, m. Goth. Teu. commanding king, [413]
Bothild, f. Dan. Teu. commanding heroine, [413]
Botho, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [413]
Botolph, m. Eng. Teu. commanding wolf, [413]
Botzhild, f. Ger. Teu. commanding heroine, [413]
Botzo, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [413]
Botzulf, m. Ger. Teu. commanding wolf, [413]
Boyd, m. Scot. Kelt. yellow, [252]
Bozena, m. Slov. Slav. Christmas child, [438]
Bozicko, m. Slov. Slav. Christmas child, [438]
Bozidar, m. Slov. Slav. God’s gift, [438]
Bozidara, m. Slov. Slave, God’s gift, [438]
Bozo, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [413]
Bozo, m. Slov. Slav. Christmas child, [438]
Bragican, m. Ill. Slav. brother, [444]
Brajan, m. Ill. Slav. brother, [444]
Bram, m. Dutch, Heb. father of nations, [12]
Bran, m. Gael. Kelt. raven, [235]
Bran, m. Cym. Kelt. raven, [235]
Branca, Port. Teu. white, [429]
Brancaleone, m. Ital. arm of a lion, [77]
Brand, m. Ger. Teu. sword, [351]
Brandolf, m. Nor. Teu. sword wolf, [351]
Bratoljub, m. Ill. Slav. brother’s love, [444]
Bravac, m. Ill. Slav. wild boar, [441]
Braz, m. Port. Lat. babbler, [159]
Brazil, m. Manx, Kelt. strong, [235]
Breasal, m. Erse, Kelt. [235]
Brenda, f. Scot. Teu. sword (?), [351]
Brengwain, f. Eng. Kelt. white bosom, [230]
Brenhilda, f. Span. Teu. breast-plate battle maid, [360]
Brennus, m. Lat. Kelt. strong, [232]
Brenzis, f. Esth. Lat. laurel, [174]
Brian, m. Ir. Kelt. strong, [235]
Brichteva, f. Nor. Teu. bright gift, [415]
Brichtfled, f. A.S. Teu. bright increase, [415]
Brichtfrid, m. A.S. Teu. bright peace, [415]
Brichtmar, A.S. Teu. bright fame, [415]
Brichtric, m. A.S. Teu. bright king, [415]
Brichtseg, m. A.S. Teu. bright warrior, [415]
Brichtstan, m. A.S. Teu. bright stone, [415]
Bride, f. Scot. Kelt. strength, [236]
Bridget, f. Eng. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brien, m. Fr. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brietta, f. Ir. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brieuc, m. Bret. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brighid, f. Erse, Kelt. strength, (goddess of smiths,) [236]
Brigida, f. It. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brigide, f. Fr. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brigitta, f. Swed. Ger. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brigitte, f. Fr. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brischia, f. Lus. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brita, f. Swed. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brites, f. Port. strength, [236]
Brithomar, m. Kelt. great Briton, [224]
Brithric, m. Eng. Teu. bright ruler, [415]
Britomartis, f. Crete, Gr. sweet maid, [236]
Britle, f. Lett. Kelt. strength, [236]
Brockwell, m. Eng. Kelt. strong champion (?), [236]
Brocmael, m. Welsh, Kelt. strong champion (?), [236]
Bronislav, m. Slav. Slav. weapon glory, [441]
Bronislava, f. Slav. Slav. weapon glory, [441]
Bronwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. white bosom, [229]
Bros, m. Lus. Gr. immortal, [109]
Brosk, m. Lus. Gr. immortal, [109]
Brunehault, f. Fr. Teu. breast-plate battle maid, [360]
Brunilla, f. Nor. Teu. breast-plate battle maid, [360]
Bruno, m. Ger. Teu. brown, [428]
Brush, m. Eng. Gr. immortal, [109]
Bryan, m. Ir. Kelt. strong, [235]
Bryney, m. Ir. Kelt. strong, [235]
Brynhild, m. Ger. Teu. breast-plate battle maid, [360]
Brynjar, m. Nor. Teu. breast-plate warrior, [360]
Brunulf, m. Nor. Teu. breast-plate wolf, [360]
Buadhach, m. Erse, Kelt. victorious, [227]
Budhic, m. Bret. Kelt. victorious, [227]
Buddud, f. Welsh, Kelt. victory, [227]
Buddug, f. Welsh, Kelt. victory, [227]
Bugge, m. Dan. Teu. bow, [352]
Buovo, It. Nor. Teu. bow, [352]
Burac, m. Serv. Slav. storm, [439]
Burgenhild, A.S. Teu. protecting battle maid, [419]
Burja, m. Serv. Slav. storm, [439]
Burrhed, m. A.S. Teu. pledge of council, [419]
Byrger, m. Dan. Teu. protecting warrior, [419]

Cacciaguido, m. It. conquering war, [451]
Cadell, m. Welsh, Kelt. war defence, [251]
Cadfer, m. stout in battle, [251]
Cadffrawd, m. Welsh, Kelt. brother’s war, [252]
Cado, m. Welsh, Kelt. [251]
Cadoc, m. Eng. Kelt. [251]
Cadogan, m. Eng. Kelt. [251]
Cados, m. Fr. Kelt. war, [251]
Caduad, m. Brit. Kelt. war, [251]
Caduan, m. Bret. Kelt. war horn, [251]
Cadvan, m. Welsh, Kelt. war horn, [252]
Cadwaladyr, m. Welsh, Kelt. battle arranger, [252]
Cadwallader, m. Eng. Kelt. battle arranger, [251]
Cadwallon, m. Welsh, Kelt. war lord (?), [251]
Cadwgan, m. Welsh, Kelt. war, [252]
Cæcilia, f. Lat. blind, [144]
Cäcilie, f. Ger. Lat. blind, [144]
Cæcilius, m. Lat. blind, [144]
Caemhan, m. Erse, Kelt. handsome, [256]
Cæsar, m. Lat. hairy (?), [159]
Cäsar, m. Ger. Lat. hairy (?), [159]
Caetano, m. Span. Lat. of Caieta, [132]
Caharija, f. Slov. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Cahir, m. Ir. Kelt. battle slaughter, [252]
Caia, f. Lat. rejoiced in, [131]
Caieta, f. Lat. rejoiced in, [131]
Cailein, m. dove, [261]
Cailleach, f. Erse, Kelt. handmaid, [261]
Cailleach Aonghas, f. Erse, Kelt. handmaid of Angus, [261]
Cailleach Coeimghin, f. Erse, Kelt. handmaid of Kevin, [261]
Cailleach De, f. Erse, Kelt. handmaid of God, [261]
Cain, m. Eng. Heb. possession, [7]
Cainan, m. Eng. Heb. gaining, [7]
Cainneach, m. Gael. Kelt. comely, [256]
Caintigern, f. Erse, Kelt. fair lady, [258]
Caio, m. Ital. Lat. rejoiced in, [131]
Cairbre, m. Erse, Kelt. strong man, [250]
Caislav, m. Pol. Slav. honour glory, [442]
Caius, m. Lat. rejoiced in, [131]
Cajetano, m. Span. Lat. of Gaeta, [131]
Caleb, m. Eng. Heb. dog, [38]
Caligula, m. Lat. of the sandal, [131]
Calixtus, m. Lat. of the chalice.
Callum, m. Gael. dove, [261]
Calvandre, m. Fr. [57]
Camilla, f. Lat. Eng. It. Lat. attendant at a sacrifice, [160]
Camille, m. f. Fr. Lat. attendant at a sacrifice, [160]
Camillo, m. Ital. Lat. attendant at a sacrifice, [160]
Camillus, m. Lat. attendant at a sacrifice, [160]
Camilo, m. Span. Lat. attendant at a sacrifice, [160]
Candide, f. Fr. Lat. white, [270]
Cane, m. It. Lat. dog, [247]
Canute, m. Eng. Teu. hill, [433]
Canutus, Lat. Teu. hill, [433]
Caoimghin, m. Kelt. comely, [256]
Caoimhghin, m. Erse, Kelt. handsome, [256]
Caoin, Erse, Kelt. comely, [256]
Caoineach, Gael. comely, Kelt. [256]
Caoinnach, Erse, Kelt. comely, [256]
Caomh, Erse, Kelt. comely, [256]
Cara, f. Gr. Kelt. friend, [234]
Caractacus, m. Lat. Kelt. beloved, [233]
Caradoc, m. Eng. Kelt. beloved, [234]
Caradwg, m. Welsh, Kelt. beloved, [234]
Carel, m. Dutch, Teu. man, [386]
Carl, m. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Carlina, f. Ital. Teu. man, [386]
Carlo, m. Ital. Teu. man, [386]
Carloman, m. Fr. Teu. strong man, [386]
Carlos, m. Span. Teu. man, [386]
Carlota, f. Span. Teu. man, [386]
Carlotta, f. Ital. Teu. man, [386]
Carmela, f. Ital. Heb. vineyard, [36]
Carmichael, m. Scot. Kelt. friend of Michael, [260]
Carmine, f. Ital. Heb. vineyard, [36]
Carnation, Gyp. Lat. incarnation, [31]
Carolina, f. Ital. Teu. man, [386]
Caroline, f. Eng. Fr. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Carolus, m. Lat. Teu. man, [386]
Carry, f. Eng. Teu. man, [386]
Carvilius, m. Lat. Kelt. friend of power, [224]
Casimir, m. Fr. Slav. show forth peace, [443]
Casimiro, m. Ital. Slav. show forth peace, [443]
Caslav, m. Slav. honour glory, [443]
Casparo, m. Ital. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Cassandra, f. Eng. Gr. [75]
Cassivellaunus, m. Lat. Kelt. lord of great hate, [224]
Castibog, m. Slav. fear God, [444]
Castimir, m. Slav. honour peace, [442]
Castislav, m. Slav. honour glory, [444]
Caswallon, m. Eng. Kelt. lord of great hate (?), [224]
Catalina, f. Span. Gr. purer, [123]
Cataut, f. Fr. Gr. pure, [123]
Categern, m. Eng. Kelt. head chief, [258]
Caterina, f. It. Gr. pure, [123]
Caterino, m. It. Gr. pure, [123]
Cathal, Irish, eye of battle, [252]
Cathaoir, m. Erse, Kelt. battle slaughter, [252]
Catharina, f. Eng. Gr. pure, [123]
Catharine, f. Eng. Gr. pure, [123]
Cathbar, m. Erse, Kelt. battle chief, [252]
Cathbat, m. Gael. Kelt. battle (?), [252]
Catherine, f. Fr. Gr. pure, [123]
Cathir, m. battle slaughter, [252]
Cathmor, m. Gael. great in battle, [252]
Cathuil, m. Gael. Kelt. eye of battle, [252]
Cathwg, f. Welsh, Gr. pure, [123]
Catin, f. Fr. Gr. pure, [123]
Cato, m. Lat. cautious, [164]
Caton, m. Fr. Lat. cautious, [164]
Caton, m. Fr. Gr. pure, [123]
Cattwg, m. Welsh, Kelt. war, [252]
Ceadda, m. Lat. Kelt. war, [252]
Ceadwalla, m. A.S. Kelt. war lord, [252]
Ceara, f. Erse, Kelt. ruddy, [256]
Cearan, m. Erse, Kelt. black, [256]
Cecca, f. Ital. Teu. free, [299]
Ceccarella, f. It. Teu. free, [299]
Ceccina, f. It. Teu. free, [299]
Cecco, m. Ital. Teu. free, [299]
Cecil, m. f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecile, f. Fr. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecilia, f. It. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecilie, f. Ger. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecilija, f. Ill. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecilio, m. Ital. Lat. blind, [144]
Cecily, f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Cedd, m. A.S. Kelt, war, [252]
Cedoljub, m. Sl. child love, [444]
Cedomil, m. Sl. child love, [444]
Ceile Petair, m. Erse, Kelt. vassal of Peter, [261]
Cein, f. Welsh, Kelt. jewel, [260]
Ceinwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. jewel, the virgin, [260]
Ceirin, m. Erse, Kelt. black, [255]
Celamire, f. Fr. [57]
Celeste, f. Fr. Lat. heavenly, [193]
Celestin, m. Fr. Lat. heavenly, [193]
Celestine, f. Fr. Lat. heavenly, [193]
Celestino, m. Ital. Lat. heavenly, [193]
Celia, f. Eng. Lat. [145]
Celie, f. Fr. Lat. [145]
Celine, f. Fr. Lat. [145]
Cenbyrht, m. A.S. Teu. bold brightness, [424]
Cenfus, m. A.S. Teu. bold eagerness, [424]
Cenfuth, m. A.S. Teu. bold peace, [424]
Cenhelm, m. A.S. Teu. bold helmet, [424]
Cenred, m. A.S. Teu. bold council, [423]
Cenvulf, m. A.S. Teu. bold wolf, [423]
Ceol, m. A.S. Teu. ship, [429]
Ceolnoth, m. A.S. Teu. ship compulsion, [429]
Ceolred, m. A.S. Teu. ship council, [429]
Ceolwald, m. A.S. Teu. ship power, [429]
Ceolwulf, m. A.S. Teu. ship wolf, [429]
Ceorl, m. A.S. Teu. man, [386]
Cephas, m. Eng. Aram. stone, [107]
Cesar, m. Fr. Lat. hairy (?), [159]
Cesare, m. It. Lat. hairy (?), [159]
Cesarina, f. It. Lat. hairy (?), [159]
Ceslav, m. Ill. Slav. honour glory, [443]
Cestislav, m. Ill. Slav. honour glory, [443]
Chad, m. Eng. Kelt. war, [252]
Charalmpios, m. Gr. joy lamp, [216]
Charibert, m. Frank. Teu. bright warrior, [417]
Charilaus, m. Eng. Gr. grace of the people, [73]
Charimund, m. Teu. [417]
Charinus, m. Eng. Gr. grace, [73]
Chariovalda, Pat. Teu. warrior power, [417]
Charissa, f. Eng. Gr. love, [73]
Chariton, f. Gr. Gr. love, [73]
Charity, f. Eng. Gr. love, [73]
Chariwulf, warrior wolf, [417]
Charlemagne, m. Fr. Teu. Lat. Charles the Great, [386]
Charles, m. Eng. Fr. Teu. man, [386]
Charlet, f. Eng. Teu. man, [386]
Charley, m. Eng. Teu. man, [386]
Charlie, m. Scot. Teu. man, [386]
Charlot, m. Fr. Teu. man, [386]
Charlotte, f. Eng. Fr. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Chatty, f. Eng. Teu. man, [386]
Chérie, f. Fr. Lat. fair, [196]
Cherry, f. Eng. Gr. love, [73]
Cherubino, m. Ital. Heb. little cherub, [53]
Chiara, f. Ital. Lat. famous, [185]
Childebert, m. Frank. Teu. battle bright, [318]
Childeberte, f. Frank. Teu. battle bright, [318]
Childebrand, m. Frank. Teu. battle brand, [318]
Childerich, m. Frank. Teu. battle ruler, [318]
Chilperic, m. Frank. Teu. helping ruler, [318]
Chim, m. Ger. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Chlaus, m. Swiss, Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Chlodhilda, f. Lat. Frank. Teu. famous battle maid, [404]
Chlodoald, m. Frank. Teu. famous power, [404]
Chlodobert, m. Frank. Teu. famously bright, [404]
Chlodobeu, m. Prov. Teu. holy fame, [404]
Chlodio, m. Frank. fame, [404]
Chlodomir, Frank. Teu. loud fame, [404]
Chlodosind, f. Frank. Teu. famous strength, [404]
Chlodoswintha, f. Goth. Teu. famous strength, [404]
Chlodoweh, m. Frank. Teu. holy fame, [404]
Chloe, f. Eng. Gr. blooming, [70]
Chloter, m. Frank. Teu. famous warrior, [407]
Chochilaicus, m. Lat. Teu. sport of thought, [354]
Chosroes, m. Gr. Zend. sun (?), [56]
Chramne, m. Frank. Teu. raven, [345]
Chresta, m. Swiss, Gr. Christian, [105]
Chresteli, m. Swiss, Gr. Christian, [105]
Chrestien, m. Fr. Gr. Christian, [105]
Chrestienne, f. Fr. Gr. Christian, [105]
Chrestoffel, m. Swiss, Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Chrétien, Fr. Gr. Christian, [105]
Chriemhild, f. Ger. Teu. helmeted battle maid, [360]
Chrissanth, m. Russ. Fr. gold flower, [125]
Chris, Eng. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Chrissie, f. Scot. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christabel, f. Eng. fair Christian, [104]
Christackr, m. M. Gr. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christal, m. Scot. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christian, f. Scot. Dan. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christiana, f. Eng. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christiane, f. Nor. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christiern, m. Dan. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christina, m. Eng. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christine, m. Fr. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christinha, f. Port. Gr. Christian, [105]
Christmas, m. Eng. [209]
Christof, m. Russ. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christofer, m. Russ. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christoph, m. Ger. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christophe, m. Fr. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christopher, m. Eng. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christophera, f. Eng. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christophoros, m. Gr. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christophilon, Ger. Gr. Christ loved, [106]
Christophine, f. Ger. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Christovao, m. Port. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Chrodehilde, f. Fr. Teu. famous heroine, [404]
Chrodo, m. Fr. Teu. fame, [404]
Chrodogang, m. Frank. Teu. famed progress, [406]
Chrodoswintha, f. Fr. Teu. famous strength, [407]
Chrysanth, m. Bav. Gr. gold flower, [125]
Chrysanthos, m. Gr. Gr. gold flower, [125]
Chryseis, f. Gr. golden, [125]
Chrysostom, m. Eng. Gr. gold mouth, [43]
Chrysostome, m. Fr. Gr. gold mouth, [43]
Chrysostomos, m. Gr. Gr. gold mouth, [43]
Chrysoucha, f. M. Gr. Gr. golden, [43]
Chuedi, m. Swiss, Teu. bold council, [423]
Chuedli, m. Swiss, Teu. bold council, [423]
Chuered, m. Swiss, Teu. bold council, [423]
Chuonmund, m. Old Ger. Teu. bold protection, [423]
Chuonrath, m. Old Ger. Teu. bold council, [423]
Cian, m. Erse, vast, [258]
Cicero, m. Lat. vetch, [129]
Cicily, f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Cila, f. Ill. Lat. blind, [144]
Cile, f. Hamb. Lat. blind, [144]
Cilika, f. Ill. Lat. blind, [144]
Ciprian, m. Eng. Lat. of Cyprus, [199]
Cipriano, m. It. Lat. of Cyprus, [199]
Ciriaco, m. Ital. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Ciril, m. Ill. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cirilo, m. Span. Ital. Ill. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cirjar, m. Ill. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Cirko, m. Ill. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Ciro, m. Slov. Ill. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cis, f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Cislav, m. Slav. pure glory, [444]
Cistislav, m. Slav. pure glory, [444]
Clair, m. Fr. Lat. famous, [185]
Claire, f. Fr. Lat. famous, [185]
Clara, f. Eng. Span. Lat. famous, [185]
Clare, f. Eng. Lat. famous, [185]
Clarina, m. Eng. Lat. famous, [185]
Claribel, f. Eng. Lat. brightly fair, [185]
Clarice, f. Ital. Lat. rendering famous, [185]
Clarimond, Eng. [185]
Clarinda, f. Eng. Lat. brightly fair, [185]
Clarissa, f. Eng. Lat. rendering famous, [185]
Clarisse, f. Fr. Lat. rendering famous, [185]
Clarus, m. Lat. famous, [185]
Clas, m. Dutch, Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Claud, m. Eng. Lat. lame, [146]
Claude, f. m. Fr. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudia, f. Ger. It. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudie, f. Prov. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudina, f. It. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudine, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudio, m. It. Lat. lame, [146]
Claudius, m. Lat. lame, [146]
Claus, m. Dutch, Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Cleanthe, Fr. Gr. famous bloom, [95]
Clem, m. Eng. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clémence, f. Fr. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clemency, f. Eng. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clemens, m. Ger. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clement, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clemente, m. It. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clementia, f. Ger. It. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clementina, f. Eng. It. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clementine, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. merciful, [160]
Clemenza, f. It. Lat. merciful, [160]
Cleomachus, m. Gr. famous war, [407]
Cleopatra, f. Eng. Gr. fame of her father, [95]
Clobes, m. Ger. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Clodoveo, m. Span. Teu. holy fame, [404]
Clodius, m. Lat. lame, [146]
Clotilda, f. Lat. Teu. famous battle maid, [404]
Clotilde, f. Fr. Teu. famous battle maid, [404]
Cloud, m. Fr. Teu. famous power, [404]
Clovis, m. Lat. Teu. holy fame, [404]
Cnæus, m. Lat. with a birth mark, [131]
Cnogher, m. Ir. Kelt. strong aid, [247]
Cnud, m. Eng. Teu. hill, [433]
Cœlia, f. Lat. [145]
Cœlina, f. Lat. [145]
Coenrad, m. Dutch, Teu. bold speech, [423]
Cohat, Prov. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Cort, Dan. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Col, Welsh, Kelt.
Cola, m. It. Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Colan, m. Corn. Lat. dove, [261]
Colas, m. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Colbert, m. Fr. Eng. Teu. cool brightness, [429]
Colbrand, m. Eng. Teu. cool sword, [429]
Colborn, m. Eng. Teu. black bear, [429]
Colin, m. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [92]
Colin, m. Scot. Lat. dove, [261]
Colin, m. Fr. Gr. victor, [90], [388]
Colinette, f. Eng. Lat. dove, [261]
Colman, m. Ger. Lat. dove, [187]
Colombina, f. Ital. Lat. dove, [187]
Columb, m. Eng. Lat. dove, [187], [261]
Columba, m. Lat. dove, [187], [261]
Columbanus, m. Lat. Lat. dove, [187], [261]
Columbine, f. Eng. Lat. dove, [261]
Columbkill, m. Ir. Lat. dove of the cell, [261]
Côme, m. Fr. Gr. order, [125]
Como, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Con, m. Erse, Kelt. wisdom, [247]
Conachar, m. Scot. Kelt. strong help.
Conan, m. Bret. Kelt. wisdom, [247]
Concepcion, f. Span. Lat. in honour of the immaculate conception, [30]
Concetta, f. It. Lat. in honour of the immaculate conception, [30]
Conchita, f. Span. Lat. in honour of the immaculate conception, [30]
Conchobhar, m. Erse, Kelt. strong help, [248]
Concordia, f. Ger. Lat. concord.
Congal, m. Erse, Kelt. chief courage, [247]
Coniah, m. Eng. Heb. appointed, [38]
Conmor, m. Ir. Kelt. strength great, [247]
Conn, m. Erse, Kelt. wisdom, [247]
Connaire, m. Gael. Kelt. hound of slaughter, [250]
Connal, m. Ir. Kelt. chief’s courage, [247]
Connel, m. Ir. Kelt. chief’s courage, [247]
Connor, m. Ir. Kelt. hound of slaughter, [250]
Connull, m. Scot. Kelt. wise strength, [247]
Conquhare, m. Scot. Kelt. strong help, [248]
Conrad, m. Eng. Teu. able speech, [423]
Conrade, m. Fr. Teu. able speech, [423]
Conradin, m. Fr. Teu. able speech, [423]
Conrado, m. Ital. Teu. able speech, [423]
Consalvo, m. Ital. Teu. war wolf, [363]
Constança, f. Span. Lat. firm, [161]
Constance, f. Eng. Fr. Lat. firm, [161]
Constancia, f. Eng. Port. Lat. firm, [161]
Constancio, m. Port. Lat. firm, [161]
Constans, m. Ger. Lat. firm, [161]
Constant, m. Ir. Eng. Lat. 161
Constantine, m. Eng. Lat. firm, [161]
Constantino, m. Ital. Lat. firm, [161]
Constantinus, m. Lat. firm, [161]
Constantius, m. Lat. firm, [161]
Constanz, m. Ger. Lat. firm, [161]
Constanze, f. Ger. Lat. firm, [161]
Conwal, m. Scot. Kelt. strength and valour, [247]
Cooey, m. Irish, Kelt. hound of the meadow, [250]
Coppo, m. Ital. Heb. supplanter, [17]
[Coralie], f. Fr. coral,
Cora, f. Gr. maiden, [60]
Corcran, m. Erse, Kelt. rosy.
Cordelia, f. Eng. Kelt. jewel of the sea, [230]
Cordelie, f. Fr. Kelt. jewel of the sea, [230]
Cordula, f. Ger. Kelt. jewel of the sea, [220]
Corinna, f. Gr. maiden, [60]
Corinne, f. Fr. a maiden, [60]
Cormac, m. Erse, Kelt. son of a chariot, [249]
Cormick, Irish, Kelt. son of a chariot, [249]
Corneille, m. Fr. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Cornelia, f. Eng. Ital. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Cornelie, f. Fr. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Cornelio, m. Ital. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Cornelius, m. Eng. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Corney, m. Ir. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Corradino, m. It. Teu. bold council, [423]
Cosimo, m. Ital. Gr. order, [125]
Cosmo, m. Ital. Gr. order, [125]
Cospatrick, m. Scot. Gael. Lat. boy of Patrick, [260]
Costanza, f. Span. Lat. firm, [161]
Costanza, f. Ital. Lat. firm, [161]
Cotahelm, m. Ger. Teu. divine helmet, [287]
Cotahram, m. Ger. Teu. good raven, [287]
Cotalint, m. Ger. Teu. divine serpent, [287]
Court, m. Neth. Teu. bold council, [423]
Cradock, m. Eng. Kelt. beloved, [233]
Creirdyddlydd, f. Welsh, Kelt. jewel of the sea, [230]
Creirwy, f. Welsh, Kelt. token, [229]
Crepet, m. Fr. Lat. curly, [162]
Crepin, m. Fr. Lat. curly, [162]
Crescence, f. Fr. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescencia, f. Ital. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescencio, f. Ital. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescens, m. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescent, m. Fr. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescentia, f. Ger. Lat. growing, [198]
Crescenz, f. Bav. Lat. growing, [198]
Crisostomo, m. Span. Gr. golden mouth, [125]
Crispian, m. Eng. Lat. curly, [162]
Crispianus, m. Lat. curly, [162]
Crispin, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. curly, [162]
Crispino, m. It. Lat. curly, [162]
Crispinus, m. Lat. curly, [162]
Cristiano, m. Rom. Gr. Christian, [105]
Cristina, f. It. Span. Gr. Christian, [105]
Cristinha, f. Port. Gr. Christian, [105]
Cristofano, m. Ital. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Cristoforo, m. Ital. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Cristoval, m. Span. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Crogher, m. Irish, Kelt. strong help, [248]
Crohoore, m. Irish, Kelt. strong help, [248]
Cuchaisil, m. Erse, Kelt. hound of Cashel, [248]
Cuchullin, m. Scot. Kelt. hound of Ulster, [248]
Cuddie, m. Scot. Teu. noted brightness, [423]
Cugan-mathair, m. Erse, Kelt. hound without a mother, [248]
Cuillean, m. Gael. Kelt. whelp, [248]
Cumhaighe, m. Erse, Kelt. hound of the plain, [246]
Cunibert, m. Ger. Teu. bold brightness, [423]
Cunegonda, f. Ital. Teu. bold war, [423]
Cunegundis, Port. Teu. bold war, [423]
Cunegonde, f. Fr. Teu. bold war, [423]
Cunobelinus, m. Lat. Kelt. lord of the sun (?), war (?), [232]
Cunzo, m. Ger. Teu. bold council, [423]
Currado, m. It. Teu. bold council, [423]
Cu-Sionna, m. Erse, Kelt. hound of the Shannon, [248]
Cusliebne, m. Erse, Kelt. hound of the mountain, [248]
Custance, f. Eng. Lat. firm, [162]
Cutha, m. A.S. Teu. skilled, [422]
Cuthbert, m. Eng. Teu. well known splendour, [422]
Cuthburh, f. A.S. Teu. skilled pledge, [422]
Cuthbryht, m. A.S. Teu. noted splendour, [422]
Cuthwald, m. A.S. skilled power, [422]
Cuthwine, m. A.S. Teu. skilled friend, [422]
Cu-Uladh, m. Gadhael. Kelt. hound of Ulster, [248]
Cwenburh, f. A.S. Teu. queen pledge.
Cwrig, m. Welsh, Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Cyaxares, m. Eng. Zend. beautiful eyed, [56]
Cymbeline, m. Eng. Kelt. lord of the sun, war (?), [232]
Cyndeyrn, m. Welsh, Kelt. head chief, [258]
Cynebald, m. A.S. Teu. prince lineage, [424]
Cynebright, m. A.S. lineage of splendour, [424]
Cyneburh, m. A.S. Teu. pledge of kindred, [424]
Cynefryth, m. A.S. Teu. able kindred of peace, [424]
Cynegundis, f. Port. Teu. bold war (?), [423]
Cynric, m. A.S. Teu. royal kin, [424]
Cynethryth, f. A.S. Teu. threatening kindred, [424]
Cynewald, m. A.S. Teu. kin of power, [424]
Cynthia, f. Eng. Gr. of Cynthus, [65]
Cynvelin, m. Welsh, Kelt. lord of war (?), [258]
Cyprian, m. Eng. Ger. Gr. Lat. of Cyprus, [199]
Cyprianus, m. Lat. of Cyprus, [199]
Cyprien, m. Fr. Gr. Lat. of Cyprus, [199]
Cyr, m. Fr. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Cyran, m. Fr. Lat. spear man, [177]
Cyrenius, m. Gal. Eng. Lat. spear man, [177]
Cyriac, m. Fr. Gr. the Sunday child, [217]
Cyriacus, m. Lat. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Cyriak, m. Ger. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Cyril, m. Eng. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cyrill, m. Ger. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cyrilla, f. Ger. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cyrille, m. Fr. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cyrillo, m. Port. Gr. lordly, [217]
Cyrin, m. Gr. Lat. spear man, [177]
Cyrus, m. Eng. Pers. the sun (?), [56]
Cystenian, m. Welsh, Lat. firm, [161]
Czenzi, f. Hung. Lat. increasing, [198]

Daan, m. Dutch, Heb. the judging God, [49]
Daarte, f. Dan. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dabit, m. Lus. Heb. beloved, [46]
Dabko, m. Lus. Heb. beloved, [46]
Dafod, Welsh, [46]
Dag, m. Goth. Teu. day, [334]
Dagfinn, m. Nor. Teu. white as day, [46], [334]
Dageid, cheerful as day, [334]
Dagheid, cheerful as day, [334]
Dagmar, f. Dan. Teu. Dane’s joy, [335]
Dagny, f. Nor. Teu. fresh as day, [334]
Dago, m. Span. Teu. day, [334]
Dagobert, m. Fr. Teu. day bright, [334]
Dagobrecht, m. Frank. Teu. day bright, [334]
Dagolf, m. Ger. Teu. day wolf, [334]
Dagr, m. Ice. Teu. day, [334]
Dagrad, m. Ger. Teu. day council.
Dalphin, m. Fr. Gr. of Delphi, [66]
Damalis, f. Gr. Gr. taming, [126]
Damaris, f. Eng. Gr. taming, [126]
Damaspia, f. Pers. Pers. horse tamer, [78]
Damian, m. Ger. Eng. Russ. Gr. taming, [126]
Damiano, m. Ital. Gr. taming, [126]
Damianos, m. Gr. taming, [126]
Damianus, m. Lat. Gr. taming, [126]
Damiao, m. Port. Gr. taming, [126]
Damien, m. Fr. Gr. taming, [126]
Damhnait, f. Erse, Kelt. [271]
Dan, m. Eng. Heb. judge, [7], [49]
Dandie, m. Scot. Gr. man, [86]
Daneel, m. Dutch, Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danica, f. Slav. Slav. morning star, [441]
Daniel, m. Eng. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danielle, m. It. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danihel, m. N.L.D. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danil, m. Russ. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danila, m. Slov. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Danjels, m. Lett. Heb. the judging God, [49]
Dankheri, m. Ger. Teu. thankful warrior, [372]
Dankrad, m. Ger. Teu. thankful speech, [372]
Dankmar, m. Ger. Teu. thankful fame, [372]
Dankwart, m. Ger. Teu. thankful ward, [372]
Dannel, m. Swiss, Teu. the judging God, [49]
Dante, m. It. Lat. lasting, [186]
Daphne, f. Gr. Gr. bay tree.
Darby, m. Ir. Kelt. freeman, [249]
Darcy, m. Eng. Erse, dark, [225]
Darija, f. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
[Darius], m. Eng. Pers. king, [57] ?
Darte, m. Lett. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dascha, f. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Daschenka, f. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dathi, m. Erse, Kelt. far darting, [46]
Datsch, m. Danzig, Heb. beloved, [46]
Daulf, m. Ger. Teu. day wolf, [334]
Daveed, m. Russ. Heb. beloved, [46]
David, m. Fr. Eng. Ger. Heb. beloved, [46]
Davidas, m. Lett. Heb. beloved, [46]
Davidde, m. Ital. Heb. beloved, [46]
Davidu, m. Wallach. Heb. beloved, [46]
Davie, m. Scot. Heb. beloved, [46]
Davorin, m. Slav. Slav. of the war god, [445]
Davroslav, m. Slav. Slav. Davor’s glory, [445]
Davroslava, f. Slav. Slav. Davor’s glory, [445]
Davy, m. Eng. Heb. beloved, [46]
Dawfydd, m. Welsh, Heb. beloved, [46]
Dé, m. Fr. Kelt. fire, [227]
Dearbhforgail, f. Erse, Kelt. purely fair daughter, [255]
Dearg, m. Erse, Kelt. red, [253]
Deb, f. Eng. Heb. bee, [14]
Deborah, f. Eng. Heb. bee, [2], [14]
Decima, f. Eng. Lat. tenth, [139]
Decimus, m. Lat. tenth, [139]
Decius, m. Lat. tenth, [139]
Dedo, m. Ger. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Degen, Ger. Teu. warrior, [351]
Degenhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm warrior, [351]
Deicola, m. Lat. God’s worshipper, [188]
Deinhard, Ger. Teu. firm warrior, [351]
Deiniol, m. Welsh, Heb. the judging God, [49]
Delia, f. Eng. Gr. of Delos, [65]
Delicia, f. Eng. Lat. delightful, [196]
Delizia, f. Ital. Lat. delightful, [196]
Delphine, f. Fr. Gr. of Delphi, [66]
Delphinia, f. Gr. Gr. of Delphos, [66]
Delphinus, m. Lat. Gr. of Delphi, [66]
Demeter, m. Slov. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Demetre, m. Fr. Ger. of Demeter, [69]
Demetria, m. It. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Demetrios, m. Gr. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Demetrius, m. Lat. Eng. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Demjan, m. Russ. Gr. taming, [126]
Demodokos, m. Gr. people’s teacher, [95]
Demoleon, m. Gr. people’s lion, [95]
Denis, m. Fr. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Denise, f. Fr. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dennet, f. Eng. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dennis, m. Eng. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Denys, m. O. Fr. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Deodati, m. Ital. Lat. God given, [188]
Deodatus, m. Eng. Lat. God given, [188]
Deogratias, m. Lat. thanks to God, [188]
Derdre, f. Erse, Kelt. fear, [224]
Derede, f. Bav. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dergo, m. Scot. Kelt. red, [253]
Dermot, m. Ir. Kelt. freeman, [249]
Derrick, m. Eng. Teu. people’s wealth, [373]
Desideratus, m. Lat. beloved, [188]
Desiderio, m. It. Lat. beloved, [188]
Desiderius, m. Lat. beloved, [188]
Desirata, f. It. Lat. beloved, [188]
Desirée, f. Fr. Lat. beloved, [188]
Desse, f. Ill. Gr. God given, [102]
Detrich, Bohm. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Deusdedit, m. Lat. God gave, [188]
Deusvult, m. Lat. God wills, [188]
Devnet, f. Ir. Kelt. [271]
Devorgil, f. Scot. Kelt. purely fair daughter, [255]
Devoslav, m. Slav. maiden glory, [445]
Devoslava, f. Slav. maiden glory, [445]
Dhuboda, Gael. black, [255]
Dhugal, m. Gael. Kelt. black stranger, [255]
Di, f. Eng. Lat. goddess, [170]
Diago, m. Port. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Diamanto, f. M. Gr. Gr. diamond, [125]
Diana, f. Eng. Lat. goddess, [170]
Diane, f. Fr. Lat. goddess, [170]
Diarmaid, m. Gael. Kelt. freeman, [46], [225], [249]
Dibble, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Diccon, m. Eng. Teu. firm ruler, [399]
Dick, m. Eng. Teu. firm ruler, [399]
Didders, m. Lett. Lat. beloved, [46]
Didhrikr, m. Nor. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Didier, m. Fr. Lat. beloved, [49]
Didière, beloved, [188]
Diederike, f. Ger. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Didrik, m. Nor. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Didschis, m. Lett. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Didymus, m. Eng. Ger. twin, [22]
Diego, m. Span. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Diel, m. Fr. Lat. God’s worshipper, [188]
Dielle, f. Franche-comté, Lat. God’s worshipper, [188]
Dienes, m. Hung. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Diephold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Dierk, m. Dutch, Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Dietberga, m. f. Frank. Teu. people’s protection, [375]
Dietbèrt, m. Frank. Teu. people’s brightness, [375]
Dietbold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Dietbrand, m. Ger. Teu. people’s sword, [375]
Dietfrid, m. Ger. Teu. people’s peace, [375]
Dietger, m. Ger. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Diethard, m. Ger. Teu. people’s firmness, [375]
Diethelm, m. Ger. Teu. people’s helmet, [375]
Dietl, m. Ger. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Dietleib, m. Ger. Teu. people’s relic, [374]
Dietlind, m. Ger. Teu. people’s snake, [375]
Dietman, m. Ger. Teu. people’s man, [375]
Dietmar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s fame, [375]
Dieto, m. Ger. Teu. the people, [374]
Dietolf, m. Ger. Teu. people’s wolf, [374]
Dietram, m. Ger. Teu. people’s raven, [374]
Dieterico, m. It. Teu. people’s rule, [374]
Dieterich, m. Ger. Teu. people’s rule, [374]
Dietrl, m. Bav. Teu. people’s rule, [374]
Dieudonné, m. Fr. Lat. God given, [188]
Diez, Ger. Teu. supplanted, [17]
Diggory, m. Eng. French, the almost lost, [462]
Dimitar, m. Slov. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dimitrij, m. Russ. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dimitrija, m. Ill. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dimitrije, m. Ill. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dinah, f. Eng. Heb. judgment, [26]
Dinis, m. Port. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Ditlev, m. Ger. Teu. people’s relic, [375]
Dinko, m. Slav. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Diodor, m. Ger. Gr. God’s gift, [102]
Dionetta, f. Eng. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionigi, m. It. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionigio, m. It. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionis, m. Span. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionisia, f. Rom. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionisij, m. Russ. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionisio, m. Rom. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionys, m. Ger. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionysia, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionysio, m. Port. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionysios, m. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionysius, m. Eng. Lat. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dionysos, m. Gr. god of Nysos (?), [70]
Dioro, m. Ger. Teu. dear, [426]
Diotisalvi, m. It. Lat. God save thee, [188]
Diotrich, m. Ger. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Dippold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Diriks, m. Lett. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Dirk, m. Dutch, Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Disa, f. Nor. Teu. active spirit, [307]
Dith, m. Swiss, Heb. praise, [21]
Ditrik, m. Hung. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Diura, m. Ger. Teu. dear, [426]
Diuthilt, f. Ger. Teu. people’s heroine, [375]
Diutrat, people’s council, [375]
Diwis, m. Bohm. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dix, m. Ger. Lat. blessed, [184]
Djoulija, m. Serv. Gr. well born, [87]
Djuradj, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Djurdj, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Djurica, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Dmitar, m. Serv. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dmitra, f. Slav. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dmitri, m. Russ. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dmitrij, m. Russ. Gr. of Demeter, [70]
Dobrana, f. Slav. Slav. good, [443]
Dobrija, f. Slav. Slav. good, [443]
Dobrogost, m. Pol. Slav. good guest, [443]
Dobroljub, m. Slav. Slav. good lover, [443]
Dobroslav, m. Slav. Slav. good glory, [443]
Dobrovoj, m. Ill. Slav. good warrior, [443]
Dobrovuk, m. Ill. Slav. good wolf, [443]
Dobrotin, m. Slav. Slav. good doer, [443]
Dobrotina, f. Slav. Slav. good doer, [443]
Dodd, m. Eng. Teu. of the people, [374]
Dolfine, f. Ger. Teu. noble wolf, [66]
Dolfino, m. Ven. Gr. of Delphi, [66]
Dolly, f. Eng. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dolores, f. Span. Lat. sorrows, [2], [30]
Dolph, m. Eng. Teu. noble wolf, [400]
Dolphin, m. Fr. Gr. of Delphi, [66]
Domas, Lus. Aram. twin, [22]
Domask, Lus. Aram. twin, [22]
Domhnall, m. Erse, Kelt. great chief, [253]
Domingo, m. Span. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Domingos, m. Port. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominic, m. Ger. Eng. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominica, f. It. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominichino, m. It. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominico, m. It. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominicus, m. Ger. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominik, m. Slav. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dominique, m. Fr. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Domnech, m. Ir. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Domogoj, m. Slav. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Domokos, m. Hung. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Don, m. Ir. Kelt. brown, [253]
Donacha, m. Gael. Kelt. brown warrior, [50], [253]
Donald, m. Scot. Kelt. proud chief, [253]
Donath, m. Ir. Lat. given, [188]
Donato, m. It. Lat. given, [188]
Donatus, m. Lat. given, [188]
Donnan, m. Erse, Kelt. brown, [50]
Donnet, f. Eng. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Donnet, f. Eng. Lat. gift of God, [188]
Donoghue, m. Ir. Kelt. brown chief, [50], [153]
Donough, m. Ir. Kelt. brown warrior, [50], [153]
Donumdei, m. Lat. gift of God, [188]
Dora, f. Eng. Ger. Ill. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Doralice, f. Fr. Gr. gift, [102]
Dorcas, f. Eng. Gr. gazelle, [50]
Dorchaide, m. Erse, dark, [225]
Dore, m. Florentine, Lat. lover, [182]
Dore, f. Ger. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorenn, f. Erse, Kelt. sullen, [2]
Dorette, f. Fr. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorfei, f. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorinda, f. Eng. Gr. gift, [102]
Dorka, f. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorlisa, f. Lus. Gr. Heb. Dorothea Elizabeth, [102]
Dornadilla, f. Lat. Kelt. purely fair daughter, [255]
Dorofei, m. Russ. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Doroltya, Hung. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorosia, f. Pol. Bohm. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorota, f. Pol. Bohm. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorotea, f. It. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Doroteja, f. Ill. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorothea, f. Span. Eng. Gr. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorothée, f. Fr. Ger. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorotheus, m. Lat. Ger. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorothy, f. Eng. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dorothya, f. Hung. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dort, f. Dutch, Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dortchen, f. Dutch, Gr. gift of God, [102]
Douce, f. Fr. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dougal, m. Scot. Kelt. black stranger, [253]
Douglas, m. Scot. Kelt. dark grey, [259]
Dowsabel, f. Eng. Lat. sweet fair, [196]
Dowsie, f. Eng. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dragan, m. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Dragana, f. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Draganka, f. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Dragija, m. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Dragilika, m. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Dragojila, f. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Dragoslav, m. Slav. Slav. dear glory, [444]
Dragotinka, m. Slav. Slav. dear, [444]
Drenka, f. Ill. Lat. horn, [146]
Drew, m. Eng. Teu. skilful (?), [451]
Dries, m. Dutch, Gr. manly, [86]
Drogo, m. Ital. Teu. skilful, [451]
Drogon, m. Fr. Teu. skilful, [451]
Drot, m. Nor. Teu. maiden, [318]
Dru, m. Fr. Teu. skilful, [451]
Drust, m. Pict. Kelt. proclaimer, [464]
Drusilla, f. Lat. strong, [162]
Drusus, m. Lat. strong, [162]
Drutje, f. Neth. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Duarte, m. Port. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Dubdaintuath, m. Erse, Kelt. black man of two lordships, [254]
Dubdainber, m. Erse, Kelt. black man of two rivers, [253]
Dubdalethe, m. Erse, Kelt. black, [253]
Dubhan, m. Erse, Kelt. black, [254]
Dubhcohblaith, f. Erse, Kelt. black victory, [254]
Duchomar, m. Gael. Kelt. black well-shaped man, [253]
Dhubdothra, m. Erse, Kelt. black man of the Dodder, [253]
Dubadeasa, f. Erse, Kelt. black beauty, [254]
Dubhessa, f. Erse, Kelt. black nurse, [254]
Dubislav, m. Slav. Slav. oak glory, [438]
Ducia, f. Eng. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dudde, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Dudon, m. Fr. Lat. God-given, [188]
Dudone, m. It. Lat. God-given, [188]
Duessa, f. Eng. Kelt. black nurse, [254]
Dugald, m. Scot. Kelt. black stranger, [253]
Duff, m. Scot. Kelt. black, [253]
Dulce, f. Eng. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dulcia, f. Span. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dulcibella, f. Eng. Lat. sweet fair, [196]
Dulcinea, f. Span. Lat. sweet, [196]
Dummas, m. Lith. Aram. twin, [22]
Duncan, m. Scot. Kelt. brown chief, [255]
Dunstan, m. A. G. S. Teu. hill stone, [350]
Dunulf, m. A. G. S. Teu. hill wolf, [350]
Dunko, m. Slav. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Dunwalton, Cym. Kelt. [254]
Durand, m. Fr. Lat. lasting, [187]
Durante, m. It. Lat. lasting, [187]
Durandarte, m. Span. Lat. lasting, [187]
Durans, m. Lat. lasting, [187]
Duredel, f. Bav. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Durl, f. Bav. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Dusa, f. Ill. Slav. happy, [444]
Duscha, f. Russ. Slav. happy, [444]
Duschinka, f. Russ. Slav. happy, [444]
Dusica, f. Russ. Slav. happy, [444]
Dwynwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. white wave, [270]
Dye, f. Eng. Lat. goddess, [170]
Dyfan, m. Welsh, Greek, taming, [125]
Dymphna, f. Irish, Kelt. [271]
Dynawd, m. Welsh, Lat. given, [188]
Dynval, m. Cym. Kelt. of the weaned couch (?), [252]
Dyonizy, m. Pol. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Dyre, m. Dan. Teu. dear, [426]
Dyterych, m. Pol. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]

Each, m. Kelt. Norse, [276]
Eachaid, m. Gael. Kelt. horseman, [276]
Eachan, m. Gael. Kelt. horseman, [276]
Eachmarchach, Erse, Kelt. horse rider, [276]
Eachmilidh, m. Erse, Kelt. horse warrior, [276]
Ead, f. Eng. Teu. rich, [378]
Eadbald, f. m. A.S. Teu. rich prince, [378]
Eadbryht, f. m. A.S. Teu. rich splendour, [378]
Eadburg, f. A.S. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Eadburh, f. A.S. Teu. rich pledge, [378]
Eadfled, f. A.S. Teu. rich increase, [378]
Eadfrith, m. A.S. Teu. rich peace, [378]
Eadgar, m. A.S. Teu. rich spear, [378]
Eadgifu, f. A.S. Teu. rich gift, [378]
Eadgyth, f. A.S. Teu. rich gift, [378].
Eadhild, f. A.S. Teu. rich battle maid, [378]
Eadmund, m. A.S. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Eadred, m. A.S. Teu. rich council, [378]
Eadric, m. A.S. Teu. rich ruler, [378]
Eadswith, f. A.S. Teu. rich strength, [378]
Eadulf, m. A.S. Teu. rich wolf, [336]
Eadwald, m. A.S. Teu. rich power, [378]
Eadward, m. A.S. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Eadwig, m. A.S. Teu. rich war, [378]
Eadwine, m. A.S. Teu. rich friend, [378]
Eal, f. Bret. Kelt. angel.
Ealhfled, f. A.S. Teu. hall increase, [382]
Ealhfrith, m. A.S. Teu. hall peace, [382]
Ealhred, m. A.S. Teu. hall speech, [382]
Ealhswith, m. A.S. Teu. hall strength, [382]
Ealhwine, f. m. A.S. Teu. hall friend, [382]
Easter, f. Eng. Teu. Easter child, [215]
Ebba, f. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ebbe, Fris. Fris. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ebbert, m. Fries. Teu. formidably bright, [323]
Ebbo, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Eberhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Eberhardine, f. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Eberhild, f. Ger. Teu. wild boar battle maid, [337]
Ebernund, m. Frank. Teu. wild boar protection, [337]
Eberik, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar king, [337]
Ebert, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Eberulf, m. Frank. Teu. wild boar wolf, [337]
Eberwine, m. Goth. Teu. wild boar friend, [337]
Ebilo, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ebles, m. Prov. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ebo, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Eborico, m. Span. Teu. wild boar king, [337]
Ebrimuth, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar protection, [337]
Ebroin, m. Frank. Teu. wild boar friend, [337]
Ebur, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Eburbero, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar bear, [337]
Eccelino, m. It. Tartar, father-like, [13]
Ecgberht, m. A.S. Teu. formidable bright, [323]
Ecgfrith, m. A.S. Teu. formidable peace, [323]
Eckart, m. Ger. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Eckhardt, m. Ger. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Edan, m. Scot. Kelt. fire, [226]
Edanus, m. Lat. Kelt. fire, [226]
Edburg, f. Ger. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Edde, f. Fris. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Eddeve, f. Eng. Teu. rich gift, [378]
Ede, f. Fris. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Ede, Neth. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Eddo, f. Esth. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Edelberge, f. Ger. Teu. noble protection, [411]
Edeline, f. Ger. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Edelmar, m. Eng. Teu. noble greatness, [413]
Edeltrud, f. Ger. Teu. noble maid, [411]
Edeva, f. Eng. Teu. rich gift, [378]
Edgar, m. Eng. Teu. rich spear, [378]
Edgard, m. Fr. Teu. rich spear, [378]
Edgardo, m. It. Teu. wealth spear, [378]
Edie, m. Scot. Heb. red earth, [10]
Ediltrude, f. Eng. Teu. noble maid, [411]
Edith, f. Eng. Teu. rich gift, [379]
Edmond, m. Fr. Teu. rich protection. 377
Edmund, m. Eng. Teu. rich protection, [377]
Edmondo, m. Ital. Teu. rich protection, [377]
Edom, m. Eng. Heb. red, [10]
Edouard, m. Fr. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Eduard, m. Ger. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Eduardo, m. Ital. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Eduart, m. Dutch, Teu. rich guard, [377]
Eduige, m. f. Ital. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Eduino, m. Ital. Teu. rich friend, [377]
Edvald, m. Ger. Teu. rich power, [378]
Edwald, m. Eng. Teu. rich power, [378]
Edward, m. Eng. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Edwin, m. Eng. Teu. rich friend, [377]
Edwy, m. Eng. Teu. rich war, [377]
Eed, f. Eng. Teu. wealth, [377]
Eegnatie, m. Russ. Lat. fiery, [194]
Eelia, m. Russ. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Eereenia, f. Russ. Gr. peace, [113]
Eernest, m. Lett. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Eernst, Lett. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Eesaia, Russ. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Eers, m. Esth. Teu. eternal rule, [400]
Eesidor, m. Russ. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Effie, f. Scot. Gr. fair speech, [231]
Ega, m. Frank. Teu. formidable, [323]
Egbert, m. Eng. Teu. formidably bright, [323]
Egbertine, f. Ger. Teu. formidably bright, [323]
Eggerich, m. Fries. Teu. formidable king, [323]
Eggert, m. Ger. Teu. formidable king, [323]
Eggo, m. Fries. Teu. formidable king, [323]
Egica, m. Span. Teu. formidable, [323]
Egide, m. Fr. Gr. with an ægis, [79]
Egidia, f. Scot. Gr. with the ægis, [79]
Egidio, m. Ital. Gr. with the ægis, [79]
Egidius, m. Dutch, Gr. with the ægis, [79]
Egiheri, m. Ger. Teu. formidable warrior, [323]
Egilbert, m. Fr. Teu. formidable brightness, [323]
Egilhart, m. Ger. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Egilolf, m. Fr. Teu. formidable wolf, [323]
Egilmar, Ger. Teu. formidable fame, [323]
Egilona, f. Span. Teu. formidable, [323]
Egils, Nor. Teu. formidable, [323]
Eginhard, m. Fr. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Egmond, m. Ger. Teu. terrible protection, [323]
Egor, m. Russ. Gr. husbandman, [116], [325]
Egorka, m. Russ. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Ehregott, m. Ger. Teu. honour God, [468]
Ehrenbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. honour bright, [468]
Ehrenpries, reward of honour, [468]
Ehrenfried, m. Ger. Teu. honour peace.
Eigils, m. Nor. Teu. awful, [323]
Eilart, m. Ger. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Eilbert, m. Ger. Teu. formidable brightness, [323]
Eileen, f. Ir. Gr. light, [68]
Eilif, m. Nor. Teu. ever living, [400]
Eiliv, m. Nor. Teu. ever living, [400]
Eimund, m. Nor. Teu. ever guarding, [400]
Eilo, m. Ger. Teu. formidable firmness, [323]
Einar, f. Nor. Teu. chief warrior, [323]
Eindride, f. Nor. Teu. chief rider, [323]
Einiawn, m. Welsh, Kelt. just, [282]
Eino, m. Fries. Teu. awful firmness, [323]
Eirenaios, m. Gr. peaceful, [113]
Eirenè, f. Gr. peace, [113]
Eirik, m. Nor. Teu. ever king, [400]
Eisaak, m. Russ. Heb. laughter, [14]
Eisenbart, m. Ger. Teu. iron bright, [348]
Eisenbolt, m. Ger. Teu. iron prince, [348]
Eisenhardt, m. Ger. Teu. iron firm, [348]
Eivind, m. Nor. Teu. island Wend, [431]
Ekard, m. Ger. Teu. formidably firm, [323]
Ekatrina, f. Russ. Gr. pure, [123]
Ekiel, m. Eng. Heb. strength of God, [48]
Ela, f. Eng. Nor. holy (?), [403]
Elaine, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Elayne, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Elberich, m. Ger. Teu. elf king, [380]
Eldred, m. Eng. Teu. battle counsel, [382]
Eldrid, m. Nor. Teu. battle counsel, [382]
Eleanor, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Eleazar, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s help, [33]
Elek, m. Hung. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Elena, f. Ital. Gr. light, [68]
Elene, f. m. Gr. Gr. light, [68]
Eleonora, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Eléonore, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. light, [68]
Eleonorka, f. Slav. Gr. light, [68]
Elfleda, f. Eng. Teu. hall increase, [382]
Elfrida, f. Eng. Teu. elf threatener, [380]
Elgiva, f. Eng. Teu. elf gift, [380]
Elia, m. Ital. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Eliakim, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Elian, m. W. Lat. cheerful, [280]
Elias, m. Eng. Dutch, Heb. God the Lord, [35]
Elie, m. Fr. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Elidure, m. Eng. Gr. sun’s gift.
Elidi, m. W. Gr. sun’s gift.
Elidan, f. Welsh, Lat. downy, [151]
Eliezer, m. Heb. God will help, [33]
Elihu, m. Eng. Heb. God the Lord, [35]
Elija, m. Slov. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Elijah, m. Eng. Heb. God the Lord, [35]
Elined, f. Welsh, Kelt. shapely, [273]
Elinor, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Elisa, f. Ital. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elisabet, f. Gr. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elisabetta, f. Ital. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elisabeth, Ger. Fr. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elisavetta, f. Russ. Eng. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elischeba, f. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Elise, f. Fr. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Eliseo, m. It. Heb. God my salvation, [36]
Eliseus, m. Lat. Heb. God my salvation, [36]
Elisha, m. Eng. Heb. God my salvation, [36]
Elisif, f. Russ. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Eliza, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elizabeth, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Ella, f. m. Eng. Teu. elf friend, [382]
Ellanheri, m. Ger. Teu. battle warrior, [382]
Ellanperaht, m. Ger. Teu. battle splendour, [382]
Elle, m. Fris. Teu. battle, [382]
Ellen, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Ellend, m. Nor. Teu. stranger, [432]
Ellin, f. Welsh, Gr. light, [68]
Elling, m. Nor. Teu. 333
Ellinor, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Ellis, m. Eng. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Ello, m. Fris. Teu. battle, [382]
Ello, f. Esth. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elmark, m. Fris. Teu. helmed king, [351]
Elmo, m. It. Gr. amiable, [113]
Eloi, m. Fr. Lat. worthy of choice.
Eloïsa, f. Ital. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Eloïse, f. Fr. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Eloy, m. Fr. Lat. worthy of choice.
Elsabet, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elsbet, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elsbeth, f. Swiss, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Else, f. Ger. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Elsebin, f. Dan. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elshender, m. Scot. helper of men, [85]
Elshic, m. Scot. helper of men, [85]
Elsie, f. Eng. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Elspeth, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elspie, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elts, f. Esth. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elvira, f. Span. Lat. white, [382]
Elzbieta, f. Pol. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elzbietka, f. Pol. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Elzea, m. Fr. Heb. God will help, [33]
Ema, f. Span. Teu. grandmother, [331]
Emanuel, m. Ger. Heb. God with us, [36]
Emerence, f. Fr. Lat. deserving, [190]
Emerentia, f. Ger. Lat. deserving, [190]
Emerentiana, f. Dan. Lat. deserving, [190]
Emerentius, m. Lat. deserving, [190]
Emeranz, f. Ger. Lat. deserving, [190]
Emerick, m. Slov. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Emery, m. Eng. Teu. work rule, [141]
Emelin, f. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [141]
Emile, m. Fr. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emilia, f. Ital. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emilie, f. Fr. Lat. work, [141]
Emilija, m. Slav. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emilio, m. Ital. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emilius, m. Eng. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emily, f. Eng. Lat. work (?), [141]
Emlyn, f. Eng. Teu. work serpent, [333]
Emm, f. Eng. Teu. grandmother, [333]
Emma, f. Eng. Teu. grandmother, [333]
Emme, f. Fr. Teu. grandmother, [333]
Emmeline, f. Eng. Teu. work serpent, [330]
Emmerich, m. Ger. Teu. work rule, [333]
Emmery, m. Eng. Teu. work rule, [331]
Emmon, Erse, Teu. rich protection, [378]
Emmott, f. Eng. Teu. grandmother (?), [333]
Emrys, m. Welsh, Gr. immortal, [109]
Emund, m. Nor. Dan. island protection, [431]
Encarnacion, f. Span. Lat. being made flesh, [30]
Endrede, f. Nor. Teu. superior rider, [323]
Endres, m. Ger. Gr. manly, [86]
Endrikis, m. Lett. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Endruttis, m. Lett. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enea, m. It. Gr. praise, [74]
Eneca, f. Span. Lat. fiery, [194]
Eneco, m. Span. Lat. fiery, [194]
Enée, m. Fr. Gr. praise, [74]
Engel, m. Ger. Gr. angel, [325]
Engelberga, f. Ger. Teu. angel of protection, [325]
Engelbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright angel, [325]
Engelchen, m. Ger. Gr. angel, [325]
Englefrid, m. Ger. Gr. Teu. angel peace, [325]
Engelhard, m. Ger. Teu. Ing’s firmness, [325]
Engelke, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s battle maid, [325]
Engelschalk, m. Ger. Gr. Teu. angel’s disciple, [325]
Engeltje, f. Dutch, Gr. angelic, [325]
Engelram, m. Ger. Gr. Teu. Ing’s raven, [325]
Engerrand, m. Fr. Gr. Teu. Ing’s raven, [325]
Enghus, m. Scot. Kelt. excellent virtue, [241]
Engracia, f. Span. Lat. grace, [194]
Ennica, m. Sp. Lat. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ennicus, m. Sp. Lat. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ennan, m. Fr. Heb. Lat. Adam the dwarf, [10]
Enoch, m. Eng. Heb. dedicated, [11]
Enos, m. Eng. Heb. mortal man, [11], [241]
Enrichetta, f. It. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enrico, m. It. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enrik, m. Slov. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enrika, f. Slov. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enrique, m. Span. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Enriqueta, f. Span. Teu. home rule, [310]
Enselis, m. Lett. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Ensilo, m. Ger. Teu. divine, [291]
Enskys, m. Lett. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Enz, m. Swiss, Lat. laurel, [174]
Enzeli, m. Swiss, Lat. laurel, [174]
Enzio, m. Ital. Teu. home rule, [309]
Enzius, m. Lat. Teu. home rule, [309]
Eochaid, m. Erse, Kelt. horseman, [276]
Eoghan, m. Gael. Kelt. young warrior, [273]
Eoghania, f. Erse, Kelt. young warrior, [273]
Eoin, m. Erse, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Eorconberht, m. A.S. Teu. sacred brightness, [328]
Eorcongot, m. A.S. Teu. sacred goodness, [329]
Eorconwald, m. A.S. Teu. sacred power, [329]
Eorconwine, m. A.S. Teu. sacred friend, [328]
Eormenburg, f. A.S. Teu. public protection, [327]
Eormenburh, f. A.S. Teu. public pledge, [327]
Eormengild, f. A.S. Teu. public pledge, [327]
Eormengyth, f. A.S. Teu. public gift, [327]
Eormenric, m. A.S. Teu. public rule, [327]
Eostafie, m. Slav. Gr. healthy, [88]
Ephraim, m. Eng. Heb. two-fold increase.
Ephrem, m. Russ. Heb. two-fold increase.
Epifania, f. Ital. Gr. manifestation, [212]
Epifanio, m. Rom. Gr. of the manifestation, [212]
Epilo, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Epimetheus, m. Gr. after-thought.
Epiphanie, f. Fr. Gr. manifestation, [212]
Epiphanios, m. Gr. of the manifestation, [212]
Epiphanius, m. Lat. Gr. manifestation, [212]
Eppie, f. Scot. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Eppo, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Epurhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Epurhelm, m. Ger. wild boar helm, [337]
Equitius, m. Lat. Kelt. horseman, [276]
Eraric, m. Ger. Teu. warrior king, [400]
Erasme, m. Fr. Ger. amiable, [113]
Erasmo, m. It. Gr. amiable, [113]
Erasmus, m. Dutch, Lat. Eng. Ger. Gr. amiable, [113]
Erchenold, m. Ger. Teu. sacred prince, [329]
Erchimperto, m. It. Teu. sacred brightness, [328]
Ercole, m. It. Gr. noble fame, [63]
Erdmuth, Ger. earth courage, [328], [468]
Erembert, m. Fr. Teu. public splendour, [327]
Eremburga, f. Eng. Teu. public protection, [328]
Eric, m. Ir. Eng. Teu. ever king, [400]
Erich, m. Russ. Ger. Teu. ever king, [400]
Erik, m. Slov. Teu. ever king, [400]
Erik, m. Swed. Esth. Teu. ever king, [400]
Erika, f. Swed. Teu. ever king, [400]
Eriks, m. Lett. Lett. ever king, [400]
Erivigio, m. Span. Teu. warrior battle, [400]
Erkenoald, m. Frank. Teu. sacred power, [328]
Erl, m. Nor. Teu. earl, [333]
Erlebald, Ger. Teu. earl prince, [333]
Erlebryht, Ger. Teu. bright earl, [333]
Erlher, Nor. Teu. earl warrior, [333]
Erlhild, Nor. Teu. earl maiden, [333]
Erling, earl’s son, [333]
Erlend, f. m. Nor. Teu. stranger, [432]
Erling, m. Nor. Teu. stranger, [432]
Ermas, m. Lith. Teu. public, [327]
Erme, m. Fr. Teu. public, [327]
Ermelinda, f. Ital. Teu. world serpent, [327]
Ermengard, f. Ger. Teu. public guard, [327]
Ermengarde, f. Eng. Teu. public guard, [327]
Ermenigild, m. Russ. Teu. public pledge, [327]
Ermentrud, f. Eng. Teu. maiden of the nation, [327]
Ermesinda, f. Span. Teu. public strength, [327]
Ermin, f. Burg. Teu. public, [327]
Ermin, f. Welsh, Lat. lordly, [147]
Erminia, f. Ital. Lat. lordly, [147]
Ermo, m. Ital. Gr. amiable, [113]
Ermo, m. Ital. Teu. public, [327]
Ermolaj, m. Russ. Gr. people of Hermes, [71]
Ernest, m. Eng. Pol. Teu. eagle stone, [344]
Erneste, m. Fr. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Ernestine, f. Ger. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Ernesto, m. Ital. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Erneszt, m. Hung. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Ernijo, m. Hung. Gr. peaceful, [113]
Ernst, m. Ger. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Ernstine, f. Ger. Teu. eagle stone (?), [344]
Erszok, f. Hung. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Erulf, m. Ger. Teu. boar wolf, [337]
Ervigo, m. Span. Teu. army war, [417]
Eryk, m. Pol. Teu. ever king, [400]
Erzebet, f. Hung. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Erzok, f. Hung. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Esa, f. A.S. Teu. the gods, [289]
Esaia, m. It. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Esaias, m. Eng. Ger. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Esaie, m. Fr. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Esau, m. Eng. Heb. hairy.
Esay, m. Eng. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Esbern, m. Dan. Teu. divine bear, [290]
Esc, f. m. A.S. Teu. ash tree, [324]
Esclairmonde, f. Fr. Lat. Teu. famous protection, [186]
Escwine, m. A.S. Teu. ash friend, [324]
Esdras, m. Eng. Heb. rising of light, [51]
Esmeralda, f. Span. Gr. emerald, [125]
Esperança, f. Span. Lat. hope, [196]
Esperance, f. Fr. Lat. hope, [196]
Esperanza, f. Span. Lat. hope, [196]
Essa, f. Ir. Kelt. nurse, [254]
Essie, f. Eng. Pers. star, [57]
Estanislau, m. Port. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Esteban, m. Span. Gr. crown, [96]
Estella, f. Span. Lat. star, [57]
Estelle, f. Fr. Lat. star, [57]
Ester, f. It. Hung. Pers. star, [57]
Esterre, f. It. Pers. star, [57]
Estephania, f. Port. Gr. crown, [96]
Estevan, m. Span. Gr. crown, [96]
Estevao, m. Port. Gr. crown, [96]
Estevennes, m. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Esther, f. Eng. Pers. star, [57]
Estienne, m. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Estolfo, m. Span. Teu. swift wolf, [401]
Estrith, f. Dan. Teu. impulse of love, [401]
Esylt, f. Cym. Kelt. fair, [269], [275]
Eth, m. Scot. Kelt. fire, [227]
Ethel, f. Eng. Teu. noble, [410]
Ethelburga, f. Eng. Teu. noble protection, [410]
Etheldred, f. Eng. Teu. noble threatener, [410]
Ethelind, f. Eng. Teu. noble snake, [410]
Ethelmar, m. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [331]
Ethelred, m. Eng. Teu. noble council, [410]
Ethered, m. Eng. Teu. noble council, [410]
Ethert, m. Eng. Teu. noble council, [410]
Ethfinn, m. Scot. Teu. white fire, [227]
Etienne, m. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Etiennette, f. Fr. Gr. crown, [97]
Etta, f. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Etto, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ettore, m. It. Gr. defender, [74]
Etzel, m. Ger. Tartar, father like, [13]
Eubul, m. Ger. Gr. happy council, [88]
Eucaria, f. m. Ital. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Euchaire, m. Fr. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Euchar, m. Ger. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Euchario, m. Port. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Eucharis, f. Gr. happy grace, [88]
Euchary, m. Pol. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Eucheir, m. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Eucherius, m. Lat. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Eudbaird, m. Erse, Teu. rich guard, [376]
Eudes, m. Fr. Teu. rich, [376]
Eudocia, f. Lat. Gr. approval, [87]
Eudocie, f. Fr. Gr. approval, [87]
Eudokhia, f. Russ. Gr. approval, [87]
Eudon, m. Fr. Teu. rich, [376]
Eudora, f. Lat. Gr. happy gift, [87]
Eudore, f. Fr. Gr. happy gift, [87]
Eudossia, f. It. Gr. approval, [87]
Eudoxia, f. Russ. Gr. happy glory, [87]
Eudoxie, f. Fr. Gr. happy glory, [87]
Eufemia, f. It. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Eufrosina, f. Rom. Gr. mirth, [72]
Eugen, m. Ger. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugene, m. Fr. Eng. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugenes, m. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugenia, f. It. Span. Eng. Gr. well born, [87], [273]
Eugenie, f. Fr. Ger. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugenio, m. Rom. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugenius, m. Lat. Gr. well born, [87]
Eugeniusz, m. Pol. Gr. well born, [88]
Euginia, f. Erse, Kelt. warrior, [273]
Eulalia, f. It. Span. Eng. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Eulalie, f. Fr. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Eunice, f. Eng. Gr. happy victory, [88]
Euphame, f. Scot. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Euphemia, f. Eng. Scot. Dutch, Gr. fair fame, [88]
Euphemie, f. Fr. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Euphrasia, f. Eng. Gr. mirth, [72]
Euphrasie, f. Fr. Gr. mirth, [72]
Euphrosine, f. Fr. Gr. mirth, [72]
Euphrosyne, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. mirth, [72]
Eustace, m. Eng. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustache, m. Fr. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustachia, f. Eng. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustachie, f. Fr. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustachys, m. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustachius, m. Lat. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustathios, m. Gr. healthy, [88]
Eustazia, f. It. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustazio, m. It. Gr. happy in harvest, [88]
Eustathius, m. Russ. Gr. Gr. healthy, [88]
Eustochium, f. Lat. Gr. good thought, [88]
Eva, f. Ger. Dan. Lat. Heb. life, [11]
Evald, f. Fr. Teu. wild boar power, [337]
Evan, m. Scot. Welsh, Kelt. young warrior, [273]
Evangeline, f. Am. Gr. happy messenger, [87]
Evangelista, m. It. Gr. happy messenger, [87]
Eve, f. Eng. Heb. life, [11]
Eveleen, f. Ir. Kelt. pleasant, [231]
Evelina, f. Eng. Kelt. pleasant, [231]
Eveline, f. Eng. Kelt. pleasant, [232]
Evelyn, m. Eng. Lat. hazel nut, [232]
Even, m. Nor. Teu. island Wend, [431]
Everard, m. Fr. Eng. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Everardo, m. It. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Everhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Everhilda, f. Eng. Teu. wild boar battle maid, [337]
Everilda, f. Eng. Teu. wild boar battle maid, [337]
Evers, m. L. Ger. Teu. wild boar firm, [337]
Evert, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar firm, [337]
Evgen, m. Slov. Gr. well born, [87]
Evgenij, f. Slov. Gr. well born, [87]
Evir, f. Scot. pleasant, [231]
Evirallin, f. Scot. Kelt. pleasantly excellent, [231]
Evircoma, f. Scot. Kelt. pleasantly amiable, [231]
Evlalija, f. Slov. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Evrand, m. Fr. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Evre, m. Fr. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Evremond, m. Fr. Teu. wild boar protection, [337]
Evrols, m. Fr. Teu. wild boar wolf, [337]
Evroud, m. Fr. Teu. wild boar power, [337]
Evva, f. Russ. Heb. life, [11]
Ewa, f. Ger. Heb. life, [11]
Ewan, m. Scot. Kelt. warrior, [273]
Ewart, m. Eng. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ewarts, m. Lett. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ewe, f. Lus. Heb. life, [11]
Eweline, f. Ger. Kelt. pleasant, [231]
Ewert, m. Esth. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ewerts, m. Lett. Teu. firm wild boar, [337]
Ewusche, f. Lett. Heb. life, [11]
Eyar, m. Nor. Teu. island warrior, [431]
Eydis, f. Nor. Ten. island sprite, [431]
Eyfrey, f. m. Nor. Teu. island peace, [431]
Eygerd, f. Nor. Teu. island maid, [431]
Eymund, m. Nor. Teu. island protection, [431]
Eystein, m. Nor. Teu. island stone, [431]
Eythiof, m. Nor. Teu. island thief, [431]
Eyny, f. Nor. Teu. island freshness, [431]
Eyulf, m. Nor. Teu. island wolf, [335]
Eyvar, m. Nor. Teu. island prudence, [431]
Eyvind, m. Nor. Teu. island Wend, [431]
Ezechiel, m. Ger. Heb. strength of God, [48]
Ezekias, m. Gr. Heb. strength of the Lord, [48]
Ezekiel, m. Eng. Heb. strength of God, [48]
Ezra, m. Eng. Heb. rising of light, [51]

Fabia, It. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabian, m. Eng. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabiano, m. It. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabien, f. Fr. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabio, m. It. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabiola, f. It. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabius, m. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabijan, m. Slov. Lat. bean grower, [146]
Fabrice, m. Fr. Lat. mechanic, [147]
Fabricius, m. Lat. mechanic, [147]
Fabron, m. Ger. Lat. mechanic, [147]
Fabronio, m. It. Lat. mechanic, [147]
Fachtna, m. Erse, [224]
Facio, m. It. Lat. good worker, [185]
Fadrique, m. Span. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Faik, f. Bret. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Faith, f. Eng.
Fanchette, f. Fr. Teu. free, [300]
Fanchon, f. Fr. Teu. free, [300]
Fanny, f. Eng. Teu. free, [300]
Fantik, f. Bret. Teu. free, [330]
Farabert, m. Frank. Teu. travelled splendour, [432]
Faramond, m. Frank. Teu. travelled protector, [432]
Fardorougha, m. Irish, Kelt. blind man, [238]
Farghy, m. Irish, Kelt. excellent valour, [238]
Fargrim, Nor. Teu. travelled Grim, [432]
Farold, m. Ger. travelled power, [432]
Farquhar, m. Scot. Kelt. manly, [238]
Farthegn, m. Nor. Teu. travelled servant, [432]
Farulf, m. Nor. Teu. travelled wolf, [432]
Fastburg, f. Frank. Teu. firm protection, [421]
Fastmann, m. Frank. Teu. firm man, [421]
Fastmund, m. Frank. Teu. firm guard, [421]
Fastolf, m. Ger. Teu. firm wolf, [421]
Fastrade, f. Fr. Teu. firm council, [421]
Fausta, f. It. Lat. lucky, [163]
Faustine, f. m. Ger. Lat. lucky, [163]
Faustina, f. It. Lat. lucky, [163]
Faustine, f. Fr. Lat. lucky, [163]
Fausto, m. It. Lat. lucky, [163]
Faustus, m. Lat. lucky, [163]
Favour, m. Eng. [177]
Faxabrandr, m. Ice. white hair, [427]
Faxi, m. Ice. hair, [427]
Fazio, m. It. Lat. good worker, [185]
Fearachur, m. Gael. manly, [237]
Fearghal, m. Erse, Kelt. man of valour, [237]
Fearghus, m. Erse, Kelt. man of strength, [237]
Feargus, m. Ir. Kelt. man of strength, [237]
Febe, f. It. Gr. light, [65]
Febo, m. Span. Gr. light, [65]
Febronia, f. It. Lat. [176]
Federico, m. It. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Federiga, f. It. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Federigo, m. It. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fedlemi, f. Erse, Kelt. ever good, [256]
Fedlim, m. Irish, Kelt. good, [256]
Fedor, f. m. Russ. Gr. God’s gift, [101]
Feeleep, m. Russ. Gr. lover of horses, [78]
Feidlim, m. Erse, Kelt. ever good, [256]
Feidrik, Bret. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Feithfailge, f. Erse, Kelt. honeysuckle ringlets, [224]
Felice, m. It. Lat. happy, [163]
Felicia, f. Eng. happy, [163]
Felicidad, f. Span. Lat. happiness, [163]
Felicidade, f. Port. Lat. happiness, [163]
Felicie, f. Fr. Lat. happy, [163]
Felicità, f. It. Lat. happiness, [163]
Felicité, f. Fr. Lat. happiness, [163]
Feliks, m. Russ. Lat. happy, [163]
Felim, m. Irish, Kelt. ever good, [163], [257]
Felimy, m. Irish, Kelt. ever good, [163], [257]
Felipa, f. Port. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Felipe, f. m. Span. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Felipinho, m. Port. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Felipo, m. Span. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Felippe, m. Span. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Felise, f. Fr. Lat. happy, [163]
Felix, m. Fr. Eng. Span. Slov. Lat. happy, [163], [257]
Feliz, m. Port. Lat. happy, [163]
Fenella, f. Scot. Kelt. white shouldered, [245]
Feo, m. It. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Feodor, m. Russ. Gr. God’s gift, [101]
Feodora, f. Russ. Gr. God’s gift, [101]
Feodosia, m. Russ. Gr. God given, [103]
Feoris, m. Erse, Gr. stone, [108]
Ferabras, m. Fr. Kelt. strong arm, [234]
Ferahbald, m. Ger. Teu. prince of life, [433]
Ferahmund, m. Ger. Teu. protection of life, [433]
Ferdinand, m. Ger. Fr. Eng. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferdinanda, f. Ger. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferdinandine, f. Fr. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferdinando, m. It. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferdynand, m. Pol. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferencz, m. Hung. Teu. free, [300]
Ferghal, m. Erse, Kelt. man of strength, [237]
Ferhonanths, m. Goth. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Fergus, m. Scot. Kelt. man’s strength, [237]
Fergusiana, f. Scot. Kelt. man’s strength, [237]
Feriga, f. It. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Ferko, m. Hung. Teu. free, [300]
Fernanda, f. Span. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Fernando, m. It. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferrand, m. Prov. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferrante, m. It. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Ferry, m. Fr. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Festus, m. Lat. [224]
Ffraid, f. Welsh, Kelt. fiery dart, [236]
Fiachra, m. Erse, Kelt. eagle, [252]
Fiacre, m. Fr. Kelt. eagle, [252]
Fiamma, f. It. Lat. [451]
Fieko, m. Fris. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Fiddy, f. Ir. Teu. peace strength, [296]
Fidrik, m. Lus. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Fiechen, f. Ger. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Fieke, f. Ger. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Fifine, f. Fr. Heb. addition, [23]
Filep, m. Hung. Gr. horse lover, [79]
Filibert, m. Fr. Teu. bright will, [316]
Filiberto, m. It. Teu. bright will, [316]
Filikitata, f. Russ. Lat. happiness, [163]
Filip, m. Swed. Slav. Wall. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Filippa, f. It. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Filippino, m. It. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Filippo, m. It. Gr. lover of horses, [79]
Filomena, f. It. daughter of light, [207]
Finabhor, f. Erse, Kelt. fair eyelids, [172]
Finbil, f. Erse, Kelt. white blossom, [172]
Finan, m. Irish, Kelt. fair offspring, [244]
Finbo, f. Nor. Kelt. white bow, [244]
Findath, f. Erse, Kelt. fair colour, [245]
Findelvh, f. Erse, Kelt. fair face, [245]
Fineen, m. Irish, Kelt. fair offspring, [245]
Finella, f. Irish, Kelt. fair shoulders, [245]
Finette, f. Fr. Heb. addition, [23]
Fingal, m. Scot. Kelt. white stranger, [244]
Finghin, m. Erse, Kelt. fair offspring, [244]
Finian, m. Irish, Erse, Kelt. fair offspring, [244]
Finn, m. Nor. Kelt. white, [244]
Finna, f. Nor. Kelt. white, [244]
Finnbogi, m. Nor. Kelt. white bow, [244]
Finngard, m. Nor. Kelt. Nor. white defence, [244]
Finngeir, Nor. Kelt. Nor. white spear, [244]
Finni, m. Ice. Kelt. white, [245]
Finnkatla, f. Nor. Teu. white kettle, [245]
Finnketil, m. Nor. Teu. white kettle, [245]
Finnkjell, m. Nor. Kelt. Nor. white kettle, [245]
Finnleik, m. Nor. Teu. Finn’s sport, [245]
Finnvardr, m. Nor. Kelt. Nor. Finn’s guard, [245]
Finnvidr, m. Nor. Teu. Finn’s wood, [245]
Finscoth, f. Erse, Kelt. white blossom, [245]
Fintan, Irish, Kelt. white, [240]
Finvola, f. Irish, Kelt. white shoulders, [245]
Fionn, m. Gael. Kelt. white, [244]
Fionnagal, m. Erse, Kelt. white, [245]
Fionnghal, m. Gael. Kelt. white stranger, [245]
Fionnghala, f. Erse, Kelt. white shouldered, [245]
Fiore, f. Ital. Lat. flower, [171]
Fiorentino, m. It. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Fithil, m. Erse, Kelt. [171]
Fjorleif, m. Nor. Teu. relic of life, [434]
Flavia, f. It. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flavian, m. Eng. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flavianus, m. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flavilla, f. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flavio, m. It. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flavius, m. Lat. yellow, [147]
Flidrik, m. Breton, Teu. peace rule, [296]
Flipote, f. Fr. Gr. horse lover, [79]
Flobert, m. Fr. Teu. wise splendour, [425]
Floberte, f. Ir. Teu. wise splendour, [425]
Flora, f. Eng. Lat. flowers, [171]
Flore, f. Fr. Lat. flowers, [171]
Florence, f. Eng. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florence, m. Ir. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florentin, m. Fr. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florentine, f. Fr. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florentius, m. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florentz, m. Ger. Lat. flourishing, [171]
Florette, f. Fr. Lat. flowers, [171]
Florian, m. Ger. Lat. flowery, [171]
Florie, f. Gael. Lat. flowery, [171]
Flory, f. Scot. Lat. flowers, [171]
Foka, m. Russ. Gr. a Phocian, [200]
Fokke, m. Nor. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Folkart, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Folker, m. Ger. Prov. people’s guard, [371]
Folkwar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s greatness, [371]
Folko, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Folkperaht, m. Ger. Teu. people’s brightness, [371]
Folkwart, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Folkwine, m. Ger. Teu. people’s friend, [371]
Folrad, m. Ger. Teu. people’s council, [371]
Folkrich, m. Ger. Teu. people’s ruler, [371]
Foma, m. Russ. Aram, twin, [22]
Fomida, f. Russ. Aram, twin, [22]
Fortunatus, m. Lat. fortune, [176]
Fortune, f. Eng. [176]
Fortunio, m. Span. Lat. fortunate, [176]
Foulques, m. Fr. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Fouques, m. Fr. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Franc, m. Slov. Teu. free, [299]
Frances, f. Eng. Teu. free, [299]
Francesca, f. Ital. Teu. free, [299]
Francesco, m. Ital. Teu. free, [299]
Francie, m. Scot. Teu. free, [299]
Francilo, m. Span. Teu. free, [299]
Francina, f. Dutch, Teu. free, [299]
Francis, m. Eng. Teu. free, [299]
Francisca, f. Port. Span. Teu. free, [300]
Francisco, m. Port. Span. Teu. free, [299]
Franciscus, m. Lat. Teu. free, [299]
Francisek, m. Slov. Teu. free, [299]
Francisk, m. Wall. Teu. free, [299]
Franciska, f. Dan. Teu. free, [300]
Franciske, f. Slov. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Franciskus, m. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Francisque, f. Fr. Teu. free, [300]
Francisquinho, m. Port. Teu. free, [300]
Franciszek, m. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franck, m. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franciszka, f. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franco, m. It. Teu. free, [300]
François, m. Fr. Teu. free, [300]
Françoise, f. Fr. Teu. free, [299]
Francyntje[Francyntje], f. Dutch, Teu. free, [300]
Franek, m. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franica, f. Slov. Teu. free, [300]
Franja, f. Slov. Teu. free, [300]
Franjo, m. Slov. Teu. free, [300]
Frank, f. Eng. Teu. free, [300]
Frankel, m. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Franko, m. O. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Frans, m. Swed. Teu. free, [300]
Franse, m. Bret. Teu. free, [300]
Franseza, f. Bret. Teu. free, [300]
Fransje[Fransje], f. Dutch, Teu. free, [300]
Franta, m. Span. Teu. free lord, [300]
Frantisek, f. Bohm. Teu. free, [300]
Frantiska, f. Bohm. Teu. free, [300]
Franulka, f. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franusia, f. Pol. Teu. free, [300]
Franz, m. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Franzisk, m. Russ. Teu. free, [300]
Franziska, f. Russ. Teu. free, [300]
Franziske, f. Ger. Teu. free, [300]
Freavine, m. Nor. Teu. free friend, [295]
Fred, m. Eng. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Freddy, m. Eng. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fredegonde, f. Fr. Teu. peace war, [295]
Fredegunt, f. Frank. Teu. peace war, [295]
Frederic, m. Fr. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederica, f. Eng. Span. Port. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederick, m. Eng. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederico, m. Port. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederigo, m. Span. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederik, m. Dan. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frederigue, f. m. Fr. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fredewolt, m. Fris. Teu. peace power, [295]
Fredi, m. Fris. Teu. peace power, [297]
Frediswid, f. Eng. Teu. peace strength, [295]
Fredli, m. Swiss, Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fredreg, m. Norm. Ger. peace ruler, [296]
Fredrik, m. Swed. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Fredrika, f. Swed. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Freerik, m. Dutch, Ger. peace ruler, [296]
Freidank, m. Ger. Ger. free thought, [295]
Freimund, m. Ger. Teu. free protection, [295]
Freimuth, m. Ger. Ger. free courage, [295]
Frek, m. Fris. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fremont, m. Fr. Teu. peace protection, [295]
Frenz, m. Dutch, Teu. free, [296]
Freodhoric, m. A.S. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frerk, m. Fris. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Frethesantha, f. Eng. Teu. strength of peace, [295]
Frewen, m. Eng. Teu. free friend, [295]
Frewissa, f. Eng. Teu. strength of peace, [295]
Freygerdur, Ice. Teu. free home, [295]
Fridbald, m. Ger. Teu. peace prince, [295]
Fridbert, m. Ger. Teu. peace bright, [295]
Fridburg, f. Ger. Teu. peace protection, [295]
Frideger, f. m. Ger. Teu. spear of peace.
Frider, m. Ger. Teu. peace warrior, [297]
Friderik, m. Slov. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fridgerda, f. Ger. Teu. peace guard, [297]
Fridgund, f. Frank. Teu. peace war, [297]
Fridhelm, m. Ger. Teu. peace helmet, [297]
Fridheri, m. Ger. Teu. peace warrior, [297]
Fridhrekr, m. O. Nor. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fridiswid, f. Eng. Teu. peace strength, [295]
Fridleifr, m. Nor. Teu. peace relic, [295]
Fridli, m. Swiss, Teu. peace rule, [295]
Fridlib, m. Ger. Teu. peace relic, [295]
Fridlina, f. Ger. Teu. peace snake, [295]
Fridman, m. Ger. Teu. peace man, [295]
Fridmar, m. Ger. Teu. peace fame, [295]
Fridmund, m. Ger. Teu. peace protection, [295]
Frido, m. Ger. Teu. peace, [295]
Fridold, m. Ger. Teu. peace power, [295]
Fridolf, m. Ger. Teu. peace wolf, [295]
Fridolin, m. Ger. Teu. peace, [295]
Fridrad, m. Ger. Teu. peace council, [295]
Fridrada, f. Ger. Teu. peace councillor, [295]
Fridrich, m. Russ. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [295]
Fridrik, m. Hung. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fridrike, f. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fridrikr, m. Nor. Teu. peace ruler, [295]
Fridrun, f. peace wisdom, [295]
Friduheri, m. O. Ger. Teu. peace warrior, [295]
Fridulf, m. Nor. Teu. peace wolf, [295]
Friedel, m. Ger. Teu. peace wolf, [295]
Friedrich, m. Ger. Teu. peace rule, [295]
Friko, m. Fris. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frithiof, m. Nor. Teu. free thief, [295]
Frithlaf, m. A.S. Teu. peace relic, [295]
Frithogar, m. A.S. Teu. peace spear, [295]
Frithswith, f. A.S. Teu. peace strength, [295]
Frithwald, m. A.S. Teu. peace power, [295]
Frithwolf, m. A.S. Teu. peace wolf.
Fritz, m. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fritze, f. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fritzinn, f. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Froda, m. Nor. Teu. wise, [425]
Frodbert, m. Ger. Teu. wise bright, [425]
Frodberta, f. Ger. Teu. wise bright, [425]
Frodine, f. Ger. Teu. wise friend, [425]
Frodhr, m. Nor. Teu. wise, [425]
Frodwin, m. Nor. Teu. wise friend, [425]
Froila, m. Span. Teu. Lord, [295]
Fromsais, m. Erse, Teu. free, [296]
Frowin, m. Ger. Teu. free friend, [295]
Fruela, m. Span. Teu. Lord, [295]
Fryc, m. Pol. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fryderyk, m. Pol. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Frydryka, f. Pol. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Fulbert, m. Eng. Teu. bright resolution, [316]
Fulcher, m. Fr. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Fulberto, m. Rom. Teu. bright resolution, [316]
Fülip, m. Hung. Gr. horse lover, [79]
Fulk, m. Eng. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Fulko, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Fulrad, m. Ger. Teu. people’s councillor, [371]
Fulvia, f. It. Lat. yellow, [147]
Fulvio, m. It. Lat. yellow, [147]
Fulvius, m. Lat. yellow, [147]
Fynballa, f. Scot. Kelt. fair shouldered, [245]
Fynvola, f. Scot. Kelt. fair shouldered, [245]
Fynwald, f. Scot. Kelt. fair shouldered, [245]

Gab, m. Eng. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabe, m. Bav. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabela, m. Swiss, Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gaberjels, m. Lett. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gaberl, m. Bav. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabilo, m. Ger. Teu. giver, [379]
Gabor, m. Hung. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabriel, m. Span. Eng. Fr. Ger. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabriele, f. Ger. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabriella, f. Span. It. Eng. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabrielle, f. Fr. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabriello, m. It. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gabris, Lett. hero of God, [55]
Gabryell, Pol. hero of God, [55]
Gad, m. Eng. Heb. troop, [7]
Gaddo, m. It. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaetan, m. Fr. Lat. of Gaeta, [132]
Gaetano, m. It. Lat. of Gaeta, [132]
Gaius, m. Eng. Lat. rejoiced, [131]
Gajo, m. Slov. Lat. of Gaeta, [131]
Gal, m. Erse, Kelt. valour, [246]
Galahad, Eng. milky way (?), [263]
Galath, Welsh, milky way (?), [263]
Galdfridus, m. Lat. Teu. good peace, [287]
Galeas, m. Eng. Teu. helmeted, [163]
Galeaz, m. Ger. Lat. helmeted, [163]
Galeazzo, m. It. Lat. helmeted, [163]
Galeran, m. Fr. Teu. or Lat. healthy or slaughter rule, [317]
Galerano, m. It. Teu. slaughter rule, [317]
Galileo, m. It. Kelt. a cock (?) or Galilean, [163]
Gall, m. Gadhael. Kelt. stranger, [246]
Gallo, m. It. Lat. cock, [163]
Gallus, m. Lat. cock, [163]
[Gandolf], m. Ger. Teu. progress of a wolf, [434]
Gandolf, m. Ger. Teu. progress of a wolf, [434]
Gandolfo, m. It. Teu. progress of a wolf, [434]
Ganivre, f. Eng. Kelt. white wave, [269]
Ganore, f. Eng. Kelt. white wave (?), [269]
Gappe, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Garalt, m. Fr. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Garcia, m. Span. Teu. spear, [369]
Garcilasso, m. Span. Teu. spear, [369]
Gard, m. Nor. Teu. dwelling place, [322]
Gardhar, m. Nor. Teu. warrior of his country, [322]
Gardbrand, m. Nor. Teu. sword of his country, [322]
Gardmund, m. Nor. Teu. protection of his country, [322]
Garibaldo, m. It. Teu. war prince, [369]
Garnier, m. Fr. Teu. protecting warrior, [369]
Garratt, m. Eng. Teu. spear firm, [368]
Garret, m. Teu. firm spear, [368]
Garsendis, f. Span. Teu. spear strength, [368]
Garsias, m. Span. Teu. spear, [368]
Gaso, m. Ill. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspar, m. Span. It. Pol. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspard, m. Fr. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gasparde, f. Fr. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspardo, m. It. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspare, m. It. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gasparro, m. It. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspe, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaspero, m. It. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Gaston, m. Span. Fr. [453]
Gastone, m. Span. [453]
Gaton, f. Fr. Gr. pure, [123]
Gattirsch, m. Lett. Teu. God’s firmness, [288]
Gatty, f. Eng. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gaubert, m. Fr. Teu. slaughter bright, [316]
Gaucher, m. Fr. Teu. slaughter spear, [316]
Gaud, m. Fr. Teu. power, [425]
Gaudentius, m. Lat. rejoicing, [191]
Gaudenzio, m. It. Lat. rejoicing, [191]
Gaugl, m. Swiss, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Gauta, m. Swed. Teu. Goth. [288]
Gautrek, m. Swed. Teu. Goth’s king, [288]
Gautulf, m. Swed. Teu. Goth wolf, [288]
Gavin, m. Scot. Kelt. hawk of battle, [272]
Gavra, f. Slav. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gavre, m. Ill. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gavriil, m. Russ. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gavril, m. Ill. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gavrila, f. Slav. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gavrilo, m. Ill. Heb. hero of God, [55]
Gawain, m. Eng. Kelt. hawk of battle, [232]
Gayorgee, m. Russ. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Gebert, m. O. Ger. Teu. strong giver, [378]
Gebhard, m. Ger. Teu. strong giver, [378]
Gebhardine, f. Ger. Teu. strong giver, [378]
Gedde, f. Lett. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gedderts, m. Lett. Teu. God’s firmness, [286]
Gédéon, m. Fr. Heb. destroyer, [38]
Geert, m. Dan. Lus. Teu. firm spear, [370]
Geir, m. Nor. Teu. spear, [332], [370]
Geirmund, f. Nor. Teu. spear protection, [370]
Geirny, f. Nor. Teu. spear freshness, [370]
Geirrandur, f. Nor. Teu. spear house, [370]
Geirridur, f. Nor. Teu. spear impulse, [370]
Geirthiof, m. Nor. Teu. spear thief, [370]
Geirbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. spear protection, [370]
Geirfuss, m. Nor. Teu. spear eagerness, [370]
Geirhilda, f. Nor. Teu. spear heroine, [370]
Geirlaug, f. Nor. Teu. spear drink, [370]
Geirthrud, f. Nor. Teu. spear maid, [370]
Geirulf, m. Nor. Teu. spear wolf, [370]
Geitult, goat heroine, [341]
Geitwald, goat prince, [341]
Gelasius, m. Lat. Gr. laugher, [113]
Gelges, f. Gr. swan white, [246]
Gellies, m. Dutch, Teu. warring, [418]
Gelimir, m. Vandal, Teu. pledge of fame, [366]
Geltfrid, m. Ger. Teu. pledge of peace, [366]
Geltruda, f. It. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gemlorg, f. Er. gem like, [125]
Gemma, f. It. gem, [125]
Genevieve, f. Fr. Kelt. (?) white wave, [270]
Genevion, f. Fr. Kelt. (?) white wave, [270]
Gennaro, m. It. Lat. of Janus, [170]
Genovefa, f. Ger. Kelt. (?) white wave, [270]
Genoveffa, f. It. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Genovefica, f. Ill. Kelt. white wave (?), [270]
Genoveva, f. Port. Kelt. white wave (?), [270]
Genserich, m. Ger. Teu. spear ruler, [369]
Geoffrey, m. Eng. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Geoffroi, m. Fr. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Geordie, m. Scot. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georg, m. Ger. Dan. Gr. husbandman, [115]
George, m. Eng. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georges, m. Fr. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georget, m. Fr. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgeta, f. Port. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgette, f. Fr. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgey, m. Eng. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgiana, f. Eng. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgie, m. Wall. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgij, m. Russ. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgina, f. Eng. Ital. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgine, f. Fr. Ger. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgio, m. Ital. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgios, m. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgius, m. N.L.D. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Georgy, m. Eng. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Gerald, m. Eng. Teu. spear power, [369]
Geraldine, f. Eng. Teu. spear power, [369]
Gerard, m. Eng. Fr. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerardo, m. Rom. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerart, m. O. Fr. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerasimus, m. Lat. Gr. venerable, [113]
Gerand, m. Fr. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerberge, f. Fr. Teu. spear protection, [369]
Gerbert, m. Fr. Teu. spear bright, [369]
Gerbold, m. Ger. Teu. war prince, [369]
Gerda, f. Nor. Teu. enclosure, [322]
Gerde, f. Lett. Teu. spear maid, [322], [368]
Gerdrud, f. Ger. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gerdur, f. Nor. Teu. enclosure, [322]
Gerel, m. Fris. Teu. spear power, [368]
Gerelt, m. Fris. Teu. spear power, [369]
Geremia, m. Ital. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Gerga, m. Ill. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gergeli, m. Hung. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gergen, m. Slov. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gerhard, m. Ger. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerhardine, f. Ger. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Gerhold, m. A.S. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Gerkis, m. Lett. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Gerlach, m. Ger. Teu. spear sport, [370]
Gerlib, m. Ger. Teu. spear relic, [370]
Germain, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. German, [202]
Germaine, f. Fr. Lat. German, [202]
Germana, f. Span. Lat. German, [203]
Germann, m. Ger. Lat. German, [203]
Germano, m. Ital. Lat. German, [203]
Germanus, m. Lat. German, [203]
Germar, m. Ger. Teu. spear fame, [369]
Gernot, m. Ger. Teu. spear compulsion, [370]
Gero, m. Hung. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gero, f. Nor. Teu. divine wisdom, [286]
Gerold, m. Ger. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Gerolf, m. Ger. Teu. spear wolf, [370]
Geronimo, m. It. Gr. holy name, [89]
Gerontius, m. Lat. Gr. old man.
Gerramn, m. Ger. Teu. spear raven, [369]
Gerritt, m. Dutch Gr., Teu. firm spear, [370]
Gerte, f. Lett. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gerts, m. Lett. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Gertraud, f. Ger. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gertrud, f. Hung. Ger. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gertruda, f. It. Russ. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gertrude, f. Eng. Fr. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gertrudes, f. Port. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gervais, m. Fr. Teu. war eagerness, [370]
Gerwald, m. Ger. Teu. spear power, [370]
Gervas,[^[1]] m. Eng. Teu. war eagerness, [370]
Gervasio, m. It. Teu. war eagerness, [370]
Gervazij, m. Slav. Teu. war eagerness, [370]
Gerwart, m. Ger. Teu. spear ward, [370]
Gerwas, m. Ger. Teu. war eagerness, [370]
Gerwin, m. Ger. Teu. spear friend, [370]
Geta, m. Lat. Teu. Goth. [289]
Gevald, m. Ger. Teu. power giver, [379]
Gherardo, m. It. Teu. spear firm, [370]
Ghita, f. It. Teu. pearl, [121]
Giacinta, f. It. Gr. purple, [81]
Giacinto, m. It. Gr. purple, [81]
Giacobba, f. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Giacobbe, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Giacomma, f. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Giacomo, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Giacopo, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Gian, m. It. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Gianbattista, m. It. Heb. John the Baptist, [108]
Giankos, m. M. Gr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Giannakes, m. M. Gr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Giannes, m. M. Gr. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Gianina, f. It. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Giannino, m. It. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Gianozzo, m. It. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Gib, m. Eng. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gibichs, m. Ger. Teu. giver, [344]
Gibbon, m. Eng. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gideon, m. Eng. Heb. destroyer, [38]
Giertruda, f. Pol. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Gil, m. Span. Lat. downy (?), [149]
Gilavij, m. Russ. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Gilbert, m. Eng. Fr. Ger. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gilberto, m. It. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gilbrid, m. Scot. Kelt. servant of Bridget, [260]
Gilchrist, m. Scot. Kelt. servant of Christ, [260]
Gilcolum, m. Scot. Kelt. servant of Columba, [260]
Gildas, m. Lat. Kelt. servant of God, [260]
Gileber, m. Fr. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Giles, m. Eng. Gr. with the ægis, [79]
Gilescop, m. Gael. Kelt, servant of the bishop, [261]
Gilfred, m. Ger. Teu. pledge of peace, [366]
Gill, f. Eng. Lat. downy, [150]
Gilleneaomh, m. Gael. Kelt, servant of the saints, [260]
Gilles, m. Fr. Gr. with the ægis, [79]
Gillespie, f. Scot. Kelt, bishop’s servant, [260]
Gillet, f. Eng. Lat. downy, [150]
Gilli, Flem. Teu. bright pledge, [336]
Gillian, f. Eng. Lat. downy, [149]
Gillies, m. Scot. servant of Jesus, [261]
Gilmichel, m. Scot. Kelt, servant of Michael, [261]
Gilmory, f. Scot. Kelt, servant of Mary, [261]
Gilmoir, f. Gael. Kelt, servant of Mary, [261]
Gils, m. Nor. Teu. pledge, [224]
Gilpatrick, m. Scot. Kelt, servant of Patrick, [195], [261]
Giodoco, m. It. Lat. joyful, [191]
Giofred, m. It. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Ginevra, f. Ital. Kelt, white wave (?), [270]
Giobbe, m. It. Heb. persecuted, [26]
Gioachimo, m. It. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Gioachino, m. It. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Giolla Brighde, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Bridget, [261]
Giolla Christ, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Christ, [261]
Giolla Cheallaich, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Ceallach, [261]
Giolla Choluin, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Columba, [261]
Giolla Chomhghaill, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Congall, [261]
Giolla De, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of God, [261]
Giolla Dubdh, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of the black, [261]
Giolla Earch, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Earc, [261]
Giolla Josa, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Jesus, [261]
Giolla-na-naomh, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of the saints, [261]
Giolla Phadrig, m. Erse, Kelt, servant of Patrick, [195], [261]
Giolla Rhiobach, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of the swarthy, [260]
Giordano, m. It. Heb. the Jordan, [39]
Giorgio, Gr. It. husbandman, [115]
Gioseffo, m. Ital. Heb. addition, [23]
Giotto, m. Ital. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Giovachino, m. Ital. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Giovanna, f. Ital. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Giovanni, m. Ital. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Giovannina, f. Ital. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Giovanino, m. Ital. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Giovanetto, m. Ital. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Giovio, m. Ital. Lat. of Jupiter, [169]
Girairs, m. Fr. Teu. firm spear, [370]
Giralda, f. Ital. Teu. spear power, [369]
Giraldo, m. Ital. Teu. spear power, [369]
Giraldus, m. Lat. Teu. spear power, [369]
Girart, m. Prov. Teu. firm spear, [369]
Girault, m. Fr. Teu. spear power, [369]
Girioel, m. Welsh, Gr. lordly, [217]
Girroald, m. Fr. Teu. spear power, [369]
Girolamo, m. It. Lat. holy name, [89]
Girzie, f. Scot. Gr. Teu. golden battle maid, [291]
Gisbert, f. m. Ger. Teu. pledge bright, [366]
Gisborn, m. Eng. Teu. pledge bear, [366]
Gisala, f. Ger. Teu. pledge, [366]
Gisbert, m. Dutch, Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gisebryht, m. Dutch, Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Gisel, f. Frank. Teu. pledge, [366]
Giselbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright pledge, [366]
Giselberge, pledged protection, [366]
Gisèle, f. Fr. Teu. pledge, [366]
Giselfrid, m. Ger. Teu. pledge of peace, [366]
Giselhart, m. Ger. Teu. pledge of firmness, [366]
Giselher, m. Ger. Teu. pledge warrior, [366]
Giselhilda, f. Ger. Teu. pledged heroine, [366]
Giselof, pledged relic, [366]
Giselrico, m. Goth. Teu. pledged ruler, [366]
Gisla, f. Nor. Teu. pledge, [366]
Gislaug, f. Nor. Teu. pledge drink, [366]
Gismonda, f. Ger. Teu. conquering protection, [366]
Gismondo, m. Ger. Teu. conquering protection, [366]
Gissur, m. Ice. Teu. pledged warrior, [366]
Gith, f. Eng. Teu. happy gift, [379]
Giubileo, m. It. Lat. of the jubilee, [191]
Giuda, m. It. Heb. praise, [21]
Giuditta, f. It. Heb. praise, [21]
Giuka, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Giuko, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Giulia, f. It. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Giuliana, f. It. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Giuliano, m. It. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Giulietta, f. It. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Giulio, m. It. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Giuro, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [259]
Giuseppe, m. It. Heb. addition, [23]
Giuseppina, f. It. Heb. addition, [23]
Giusta, f. It. Lat. just, [192]
Giustina, f. It. Lat. just, [192]
Giustino, m. It. Lat. just, [192]
Giusto, m. It. Lat. just, [192]
Gjaflaug, f. Nor. Teu. liquor giver, [343]
Gjavvald, m. Nor. Teu. liquor giver, [343]
Gjerd, m. Nor. Teu. bond, [240]
Gjerhild, f. Nor. Teu. spear battle maid, [370]
Gjerleiv, m. Nor. Teu. spear relic, [370]
Gjermund, m. Nor. Teu. spear protection, [370]
Gjerulv, m. Nor. Teu. spear wolf, [370]
Gjorghie, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Gjosta, m. Swed. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gjuko, m. Nor. Teu. giver, [116], [379]
Gjuraj, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Gjurgjija, f. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Gjurginka, f. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [116]
Gjuro, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [259]
Gjutha, f. Nor. Teu. giver, [379]
Gladus, m. Welsh, Lat. lame, [146]
Gladuse, f. Eng. Lat. lame, [146]
Gladys, f. Welsh, Lat. lame, [146]
Glasan, m. Erse, Kelt. blue, [106]
Glaud, m. Scot. Lat. lame, [146]
Gleb, m. Russ. Slav. [460]
Gloukera, f. Russ. Gr. sweet, [80]
Glycère, f. Fr. Gr. sweet, [80]
Glykera, f. Gr. Gr. sweet, [80]
Goçalak, m. Ill. Teu. God’s servant, [286]
Godafrei, m. Prov. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Godard, m. Fr. Teu. divine firmness, [287]
Goddard, m. Eng. Teu. divine firmness, [287]
Godebert, m. Ger. Teu. divine brightness, [288]
Godeberta, f. Frank. Teu. divine brightness, [288]
Godegisel, m. Ger. Teu. divine pledge, [288]
Godefroi, m. Fr. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Godefried, m. Ger. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Gödel, m. Ger. Teu. divine peace, [287]
Godeleva, f. m. Lat. Teu. divine gift, [286]
Godelind, f. Ger. Teu. good serpent, [288]
Godemar, m. Ger. Teu. good fame, [288]
Goderic, m. Fr. Teu. divine king, [286]
Godescalco, m. It. Teu. God’s servant, [286]
Godeskalk, m. Frank. Teu. God’s servant, [286]
Godfrey, m. Eng. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Godfried, m. Holl. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Godgifu, f. A.S. Teu. God’s gift, [286]
Godine, f. m. Cambrai, Teu. divine friend, [286]
Godinette, f. Cambrai, Teu. divine friend, [286]
Godiva, f. Eng. Teu. divine gift, [286]
Godon, m. Fr. Lat. lame, [146]
Godric, m. Eng. Teu. divine king, [286]
Godwin, m. Eng. Teu. divine friend, [286]
Godwine, m. A. G. S. Teu. divine friend, [286]
Godwulf, m. A. G. S. Teu. divine wolf, [286]
Goelen, f. Flemish, Teu. war, [363]
Goetz, m. Ger. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Goffredo, m. It. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Gogo, m. Fr. Gr. pearl, [121]
Gollaa, f. Nor. Teu. divine sea, [286]
Golubica, f. Ill. Slav. dove, [187]
Gombert, m. Fr. Teu. war prince, [363]
Gonçalo, m. Port. Teu. [363]
Gondaberge, f. Ger. Teu. war protection, [363]
Gondebaldo, m. Span. Teu. war prince, [363]
Gondebault, m. Fr. Teu. war bold, [363]
Gondebert, m. Fr. Teu. war bright, [363]
Gondemir, m. Span. Teu. war fame, [364]
Gonderic, m. Frank. Teu. war chief, [364]
Gonderico, m. Span. Teu. war chief, [364]
Gondesind, f. Span. Teu. war strength, [364]
Göndol, f. m. Nor. Teu. good, [364]
Gondoline, f. Ger. Teu. war serpent, [364]
Gondomar, m. Span. Teu. war fame, [364]
Gondomire, m. Span. war fame, [364]
Gonorij, m. Russ. Lat. honoured, [394]
Gonsalve, m. Fr. Teu. war wolf, [363]
Gonsalvo, m. It. Teu. war wolf, [363]
Gonstan, m. Bret. Teu. hill stone, [295]
Gonthery, m. Fr. Teu. war rule, [363]
Gonthier, m. Fr. Teu. war army, [363]
Gonthere, m. It. Teu. war army, [363]
Gontrada, f. Span. Teu. war council, [364]
Gontram, m. Fr. Teu. war raven, [364]
Gönz, m. Ger. Teu. war, [363]
Gonzalo, m. Span. Teu. war wolf, [361]
Gonzalve, m. Fr. Teu. war wolf, [363]
Goratij, m. Russ. Lat. watchman, [114], [148]
Gorm, m. Nor. Teu. war serpent, [363]
Gormfhlait, f. Erse, Teu. blue lady, [253]
Gospatrick, m. Scot. Gael. Lat. boy of Patrick, [195]
Gospava, f. Ill. Slav. lady.
Gosta, m. Swed. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gostanza, f. Span. Lat. firm, [162]
Gostomil, m. Ill. Slave, hospitality, [439]
Gotardo, m. It. Lat. good firm, [287]
Gotfryd, m. Pol. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Goton, f. Fr. Gr. pearl, [121]
Gottfried, m. Ger. Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Gottgabe, m. Ger. Teu. God’s gift, [288]
Gottgetreu, m. Ger. Teu. faithful to God, [288]
Gotthard, m. Ger. Teu. divine firmness, [286]
Gotthelf, m. Ger. Teu. God’s help, [288]
Gotthold, m. Ger. Teu. God’s power, [288]
Gottleip, m. Ger. Teu. remains of divinity, [288]
Gottlieb, m. Ger. Teu. God’s love, [288]
Gottlob, m. Ger. Teu. God’s praise, [288]
Gottschalk, m. Ger. Teu. Gods servant, [286]
Gottseimitdir, m. Ger. Teu. God be with thee, [288], [468]
Gottwald, m. Ger. Teu. God’s power, [288]
Goule, f. Brabant, Teu. war, [363]
Govert, m. Dutch, Teu. God’s peace, [288]
Gozstav, m. Swed. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Grace, f. Eng. Lat. grace, [195]
Gracie, f. Scot. Lat. grace, [195]
Gradlon, m. Bret. Kelt. love, [250]
Graidhne, f. Erse, Kelt. love, [250]
Graine, f. m. Irish, Kelt. love, [195], [249]
Gratianus, m. Lat. thanks, [195]
Graziella, f. It. Lat. thanks, [195]
Grazian, m. It. Lat. thanks.
Greagair, m. Erse, Kelt. watchman, [114]
Gredel, f. Bav. Gr. pearl, [121]
Greg, m. Scot. Kelt. fierce, [114]
Grega, m. Slov. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregoire, m. Fr. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregor, m. Ger. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregori, m. It. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregorios, m. Gr. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregorius, m. Lat. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregory, m. Eng. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregos, m. Dan. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregur, m. Slov. Gr. watchman, [114]
Gregus, m. Dan. Ger. Gr. watchman, [256]
Greis, m. Swed. Gr. watchman, [114]
Greis, m. Nor. Teu. stone, [349]
Grel, f. Bav. Gr. pearl, [121]
Greszkus, m. Lith. Gr. watchman, [114]
Greta, f. Lith. Gr. pearl, [121]
Gretchen, f. Ger. Eng. pearl, [121]
Grete, f. Ger. Gr. pearl, [121]
Gretel, f. Bav. Gr. pearl, [121]
Grethe, f. Ger. Gr. pearl, [121]
Gretje, f. Dutch, Gr. pearl, [121]
Gretli, f. Swiss, Gr. pearl, [121]
Gries, watchman, [114]
Griffith, m. Welsh, Lat. ruddy, [167]
Grifone, m. It. Lat. ruddy, [167]
Grigge, m. Lett. Gr. watchman, [114]
Grigorie, m. Wall. Gr. watchman, [114]
Grigorij, m. Russ. Gr. watchman, [114]
Grigory, m. Ill. Gr. watchman, [114]
Grim, m. Nor. Teu. helmeted, [293]
Grimaldo, m. It. Teu. fierce power, [293]
Grimaltos, m. Span. Teu. fierce power, [293]
Grimaud, m. Fr. Teu. fierce power, [293]
Grimar, m. Nor. Teu. helmeted warrior, [293]
Grimbald, m. Eng. Teu. fierce power, [293]
Grimbert, m. Ger. Teu. helmeted warrior, [293]
Grimheri, m. Ger. Teu. helmeted warrior, [293]
Grimhild, f. m. Nor. Teu. helmeted battle maid, [293]
Grimketyl, m. Nor. Teu. hidden cauldron, [293]
Grimkjell, m. Nor. Teu. hidden cauldron, [293]
Grimwald, m. Ger. Teu. helmeted power, [293]
Grimulf, m. Eng. Teu. helmeted wolf, [293]
Grischa, f. Russ. Gr. watchman, [114]
Griotgard, f. Nor. Teu. stone maid, [349]
Grischha, f. Russ. Gr. watchman, [115]
Griselda, f. It. Eng. Gr. Teu. stone heroine, [349]
Grisostomo, m. It. Gr. golden mouth, [43]
Grissel, f. Eng. Gr. Teu. stone heroine, [349]
Gristovalo, m. It. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Gritty, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Grizel, f. Scot. Gr. Teu. stone heroine, [349]
Grozdana, f. Serv. Slav. rich in grapes, [438]
Gruach, f. Gael. Kelt. hairy.
Gruffin, m. Welsh, Lat. ruddy, [167]
Gruffydd, m. Welsh, Lat. ruddy, [167]
Grunja, f. Russ. Lat. born with feet foremost, [156]
Gruscha, f. Russ. Lat. born with feet foremost, [156]
Grygallis, m. Lett. Gr. watchman, [113]
Gryta, f. Lith. Gr. pearl, [121]
Grzegorz, m. Pol. Gr. watchman, [114]
Guadalupe, f. m. Span. [371]
Gualberto, m. It. Teu. slaughter bright, [317]
Gualter, m. Port. Teu. powerful army, [425]
Gualthier, m. Fr. Teu. powerful army, [425]
Gualtiero, m. It. Teu. powerful army, [425]
Guarin, m. Fr. Teu. spear friend, [369]
Guarino, m. It. Teu. spear friend, [369]
Guarniero, m. It. Teu. protecting warrior, [369]
Guérin, m. Fr. Teu. protecting warrior, [369]
Guccio, m. It. Teu. home rule, [310]
Guda, f. Nor. Teu. divine, [285]
Gudbiorg, f. Nor. Teu. divine protection, [286]
Gudbrand, m. Nor. Teu. divine sword, [286]
Gudfinn, divine whiteness, [286]
Gudfinna, divine whiteness, [286]
Gudhr, f. Nor. Teu. divine, [286]
Gudiskako, servant of God, [286]
Gudleif, m. Nor. Teu. divine relic, [286]
Gudleifr, m. Nor. Teu. divine relic, [286]
Gudleik, m. Nor. Teu. divine praise, [286]
Gudmund, m. Nor. Teu. divine protection, [286]
Gudny, m. Nor. Teu. divine freshness, [286]
Gudolv, m. Nor. Teu. divine wolf, [286]
Gudrid, f. Nor. Teu. divine impulse, [286]
Gudridur, f. Nor. Teu. divine impulse, [286]
Gudruna, f. Nor. Teu. divine wisdom, [286]
Gudule, f. Ger. Teu. war, [364]
Gudvar, m. Nor. Teu. divine prudence, [286]
Gudveig, f. Nor. Teu. divine liquor, [286]
Guelfo, m. It. Teu. wolf, [335]
Guendolen, f. Eng. Kelt, white browed, [268]
Guennean, f. Bret. Kelt, angel, [270]
Guennever, f. Eng. Kelt, white lady, [268]
Guennolé, f. Bret. Kelt, white, [268]
Guennolà, f. Bret. Kelt, white, [268]
Guerin, m. Fr. Teu. war friend, [369]
Guglielma, f. It. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guglielmo, m. It. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Gui, m. Fr. Kelt, sense, [228]
Guides, m. Fr. Kelt, sense,[228]
Guido, m. It. Eng. Kelt, sense, [228]
Guidon, m. Fr. Kelt. sense (?), [228]
Guidone, m. It. Kelt. sense (?), [228]
Guiette, f. Fr. Kelt. sense (?), [228]
Guilbaldo, m. Port. Teu. bold prince, [314]
Guilhermo, m. Port. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillarn, m. Bret. Teu. will helmet, [315]
Guillerm, m. Bret. Teu. will helmet, [315]
Guillym, m. Welsh, Teu. will helmet, [315]
Guillaume, m. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillaumette, f. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillaumine, f. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillene, m. Prov. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillena, f. Prov. Teu. will helmet, [315]
Guillermo, m. Span. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillette, f. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guillibaud, m. Fr. Teu. resolute prince, [315]
Guillot, m. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Guirauld, m. Fr. Teu. spear power, [369]
Guiscard, m. Fr. Teu. wise war, [321]
Guiscardo, m. It. Teu. wise war, [321]
Gulla, f. Nor. Teu. divine sea, [286]
Gullaug, f. Nor. Teu. divine liquor, [286]
Gullbrand, m. Nor. Teu. war sword, [286]
Gulleik, m. Nor. Teu. war sport, [286]
Gulleiv, m. Nor. Teu. divine relic, [286]
Gulmar, m. Nor. Teu. war greatness, [364]
Gulmund, m. Nor. Teu. divine protection, [286]
Gumpert, m. Ger. Teu. war splendour, [364]
Gunbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. war protection, [364]
Gunbjorn, f. Nor. Teu. war bear, [364]
Gunborg, f. Nor. Teu. war protection, [364]
Gundahari, m. O. Ger. Teu. warrior, [364]
Gundekar, m. Ger. Teu. war spear, [364]
Gundlin, f. Ger. Teu. war serpent, [364]
Gundolf, m. Ger. Teu. war wolf, [364]
Gundrada, f. Ger. Teu. war council, [364]
Gundred, f. Eng. Teu. war council (?), [364]
Gundridur, f. Nor. Teu. war impulse, [364]
Gundula, f. Ger. Teu. war, [364]
Gundulf, m. Norm. Teu. war wolf, [364]
Gundvar, f. Nor. Teu. war prudence, [364]
Gunhild, f. Nor. Teu. war heroine, [364]
Guni, f. Nor. Teu. divine freshness, [286]
Gunlaug, f. Nor. Teu. war liquor, [364]
Gunleif, m. Nor. Teu. war love, [364]
Gunleik, m. Nor. Teu. war sport, [364]
Gunnar, f. Nor. Teu. war, [364]
Gunnderich, m. Nor. Teu. war ruler, [364]
Gunnhildur, f. Nor. Teu. war maid, [364]
Gunnilda, f. Eng. Teu. war battle maid, [364]
Gunnolfr, m. Ice. Teu. war wolf, [364]
Gunnora, f. Eng. Teu. war protection, [364]
Gunnrod, f. Nor. Teu. war council, [364]
Gunnstein, m. Nor. Teu. war stone, [364]
Gunnr, f. Nor. Teu. war, [364]
Gunnulv, m. Nor. Teu. war wolf, [364]
Gunnwald, m. Nor. Teu. war power, [364]
Gunthar, m. Frank. Teu. warrior, [362]
Gunthe, f. Ger. Teu. war, [362]
Gunthram, m. Fr. Teu. war raven, [363]
Guntrud, f. Nor. Teu. war maid, [364]
Gunula, f. Ger. Teu. war, [364]
Guossalvo, m. Prov. Teu. war wolf, [264]
Gurn, f. Nor. Teu. divine wisdom, [286]
Gurth, m. Eng. Teu. bond, [322]
Guru, f. Nor. Teu. divine wisdom, [286]
Gushtasp, m. Pers. Zend. possessing horses, [137]
Gussie, f. Eng. Lat. venerable, [158]
Gust, m. Dutch, Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gusta, f. Lus. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Guste, f. Lus. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Gustel, f. Ger. Lat. venerable, [158]
Gustaf, m. Swed. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gustav, m. Ger. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gustave, m. Fr. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gustavo, m. Rom. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gustavus, m. Eng. Teu. Goth staff, [289]
Gusts, m. Lett. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Gustylka, f. Lus. Lat. venerable, [157]
Gutha, f. Ger. Teu. war, [286]
Guthlac, m. A.S. Teu. war sport, [286]
Guthorm, m. Dan. Teu. war serpent, [286]
Guthrum, m. Eng. Teu. war serpent, [286]
Gutmar, m. Ger. Teu. war strength, [286]
Guttiere, m. Span. Teu. powerful warrior, [286]
Guttorm, m. Eng. Teu. war serpent, [286]
Guy, m. Eng. Kelt. sense (?), [228]
Guyon, m. Fr. Kelt. sense, [228]
Guzman, m. Span. Teu. good man, [288]
Gwalchmai, m. Welsh, Kelt. hawk of battle, [272]
Gwallawg, m. Welsh, Kelt. stammerer, or hawk, [272]
Gwirydd, m. Welsh, Kelt. [281]
Gwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. white, [268]
Gwendolen, f. Welsh, Kelt. white browed, [265]
Gwendolen, m. Welsh, Kelt. white browed, [268]
Gweneal, f. Bret. Kelt. white angel, [269]
Gwenhwyfar, f. Welsh, Kelt. white wave, [269]
Gwenfrewi, f. Welsh, Kelt. white stream, [269]
Gwenwynwyn, m. Welsh, Kelt. thrice fair (?), [269]
Gwethalyn, m. Welsh, Lat. of life, [197]
Gwiawn, m. Welsh, Kelt. sense, [228]
Gwiawn, m. Cym. Kelt. sense (?), [228]
Gwric, m. Welsh, Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Gwril, m. Welsh, Gr. lordly, [217]
Gwrtheyrn, m. Welsh, excelling king, [238]
Gwydyr, m. Welsh, Kelt. wrathful, [363]
Gwynaeth, f. Eng. Kelt. bliss, [271]
Gyda, f. Nor. gift, [379]
Gyllys, m. Fris. Teu. warring, [363]
Gyneth, f. Eng. Kelt. blessed, [271]
Gyrthr, m. Dan. Teu. bond, [322]
Gytha, f. Eng. Teu. gift, [379]
Gysbert, m. Dutch, Teu. bright pledge, [366]

[1]. Sts. Gervasius and Protasius were martyrs disinterred by St. Ambrose, at Milan. The name is therefore probably from a classical source, unless it was originally that of a Teutonic slave.

Haagan, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Haakatha, m. Nor. Teu. [365]
Haake, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Haaken, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Haamund, m. Nor. Teu. high protection, [365]
Haavard, m. Nor. Teu. high protection, [365]
Habbakuk, m. Eng. Heb. embracing, [5]
Habor, m. Nor. Teu. dexterous brightness, [365]
Hacco, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Häcke, m. Swiss, Teu. axe (?)
Hackel, m. Swiss, Teu. axe (?)
Haco, m. Lat. Teu. high kin, [365]
Hacon, m. Scot. Teu. high kin, [365]
Hada, f. Lus. Teu. war refuge, [304]
Hadamk, m. Lus. Heb. red earth, [10]
Hadassah, Eng. Pers. Heb. myrtle, [57]
Hadrianus, m. Lat. from Adrian, [157]
Hadufrid, m. Ger. Teu. war peace, [305]
Hadufuns, m. Ger. Teu. war eagerness, [305]
Hadulint, f. Ger. Teu. war spear, [305]
Haduman, m. Ger. Teu. Hodur’s man, [304]
Hadumar, m. Ger. Teu. fierce fame, [304]
Hadupald, m. Ger. Teu. fierce prince, [305]
Hadupracht, m. Ger. Teu. war’s brightness, [305]
Haduparc, f. Ger. Teu. war protection, [305]
Haduswinth, f. Goth. Teu. war strength, [305]
Haduwald, m. Ger. Teu. war prince, [305]
Haduwig, f. Ger. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Hafgrim, m. Nor. Teu. sea obscured, [432]
Haflide, m. Nor. Teu. sea wanderer, [432]
Haflok, m. Nor. Teu. sea relic, [432]
Hafthor, m. Nor. Teu. sea Thor, [432]
Hagbart, Nor. Teu. dexterous brightness, [365]
Hagbrand, Nor. Teu. dexterous sword, [365]
Haggai, m. Eng. Heb. festival of the Lord, [51]
Hagan, m. Dan. Teu. hook, [365]
Haggy, f. Eng. Gr. good, [82]
Hagthor, m. Nor. Teu. dexterous Thor, [365]
Hairuwulf, m. Goth. sword wolf, [351]
Hake, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Hakona, m. Nor. Teu. high kin, [365]
Hal, m. Eng. Teu. home rule, [310]
Halbe, m. Ger. Teu. half, [431]
Halbert, m. Scot. Teu. bright stone, [349]
Halbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. stone protection, [349]
Halbdan, m. Nor. Teu. half Dane, [431]
Halbturing, m. Ger. Teu. half Thuringian, [431]
Halbwalah, m. Ger. Teu. stranger, half Wallachian, [431]
Haldanus, m. Lat. Teu. half Dane, [431]
Haldis, f. Nor. Teu. stone spirit, [349]
Halex, m. Lus. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Half, m. Ice. Teu. half, [431]
Halfdan, m. Nor. Teu. half Dane, [431]
Halfrid, f. Nor. Teu. hall fair, [349]
Hali, m. Kaffir, Teu. home rule, [310]
Halldora, f. Nor. Teu. stone of Thor, [349]
Halgerd, f. Nor. Teu. stone fence, [319]
Halgjer, m. Nor. Teu. stone spear, [319]
Hallgrim, f. m. Nor. Teu. stone helmet, [349]
Hallgrima, f. Nor. Teu. stone helmet, [349]
Halkatla, f. Nor. Teu. stone kettle, [349]
Hallkjell, m. Nor. Teu. stone kettle, [349]
Hallrid, f. Nor. Teu. stone vehemence, [349]
Hallthora, f. Nor. Teu. stone of Thor, [349]
Hallward, m. Nor. Teu. stone guardian, [349]
Halvar, m. Nor. Teu. stone prudence, [349]
Hameline, f. Fr. Teu. home, [309]
Hamish, m. Gael. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Hamlyn, m. Eng. Teu. home, [309]
Hamo, m. Nor. Teu. home, [309]
Han, m. Esth. Swiss, Heb. grace of God, [45]
Hananeel, m. Eng. Heb. grace of God, [46]
Hanani, m. Eng. Heb. grace of God, [46]
Hananiah, m. Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [40]
Hançhen, f. Ger. Heb. grace of the Lord, [42]
Hancicka, f. Lus. Heb. grace, [42]
Handrej, m. Lus. Gr. man, [86]
Hanka, f. Lus. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Hanke, m. Netherlands, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hanna, f. Lus. Heb. grace, [42]
Hannah, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Hanne, f. Ger. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Hanneken, m. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hannes, m. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hannibal, m. Eng. Phœn. grace of Baal, [40]
Hanno, m. Lat. Corn. Phœn. grace, [40]
Hannyball, m. Swiss, Ger. Phœn. grace of Baal, [40]
Hans, m. Ger. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hanschen, m. Ger. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hansel, m. Bav. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hansli, m. Swiss, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hanto, m. Lus. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Hanusia, f. Pol. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Hanza, f. Lus. Gr. pure, [119]
Hanzyzka, f. Lus. Heb. grace, [42]
Happen-to-be, m. Eng.
Harald, m. Nor. Teu. warrior power, [417]
Harding, m. Nor. Teu. firm, [421]
Hardiknut, m. Dan. Teu. bold and able, [421]
Hardouin, m. Fr. Teu. firm friend, [421]
Hardrada, m. Nor. Teu. hardy, [421]
Hardwig, m. Eng. Teu. hard war, [421]
Hardwin, m. Ger. Teu. firm friend, [421]
Harenc, m. Fr. Teu. army, [416]
Haribert, bright warrior, [417]
Haring, m. Dan. Teu. army, [416]
Harivald, m. warrior power, [410]
Harm, m. Netherlands[Netherlands], Gr. holy name, [89]
Harold, m. Eng. Teu. warrior power, [417]
Haroun, m. Arab. Heb. mountain, [27]
Harriet, f. Eng. Teu. home rule, [310]
Harry, m. Eng. Teu. home rule, [310]
Harthagrepa, f. Nor. Teu. hard grip, [420]
Harthaknut, m. Dan. Teu. firm hill, [420]
Hartrich, m. Ger. Teu. firm ruler, [421]
Hartmod, m. Ger. Teu. firm spirit, [421]
Hartmund, m. Ger. Teu. firm protection, [421]
Hartwig, m. Ger. Teu. firm war, [421]
Harvey, m. Eng. Kelt. bitter, [281]
Hasli, m. Swiss, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Hasting, m. Dan. Teu. swift, [402]
Hati, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Hatili, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Hatto, m. Ger. Teu. Hessian, [432]
Hatty, f. Eng. Teu. home rule, [310]
Hauk, m. Ice. Teu. hawk, [344]
Hauleik, m. Nor. Teu. sport of thought, [354]
Havisia, f. Lat. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Havoys, f. Eng. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Hawoise, f. Eng. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Haymo, m. Eng. Teu. home, [311]
Haymon, m. Eng. Teu. home, [311]
Hazzo, m. Ger. Teu. Hessian, [422]
Hazzy, m. Eng. Zend. venerable king, [57]
Hector, m. Eng. Gr. defender, [74]
Heddo, m. Fris. Teu. war, [305]
Hedinn, m. Nor. Teu. fury, [305]
Hedviga, f. Hung. war refuge, [305]
Hedviga, f. Fr. war refuge, [305]
Hedwig, f. Ger. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Heerdegen, m. Ger. Teu. warrior blade, [351], [417]
Heimbert, m. Ger. Teu. home bright, [311]
Heimirich, m. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [309]
Heimrad, m. Ger. Teu. home council, [309]
Heimrich, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Hein, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Heine, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Heinel, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Heinrich, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Heintje, m. Dutch, Teu. home rule, [310]
Heintz, m. Ger. Teu. home rule, [310]
Hejba, f. Lus. Heb. life, [11]
Hektor, m. Ger. Gr. defender, [74]
Helbing, m. Ger. Teu. half, [431]
Helaine, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Helen, f. Scot. Gr. light, [68]
Helena, f. Port. Eng. Span. Gr. light, [68]
Hélène[Hélène], f. Fr. Gr. light, [68]
Helenka, f. Russ. Gr. light, [68]
Helewise, f. Eng. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Helfrich, m. Ger. helping ruler, [420]
Helga, f. Nor. Teu. holy, [403]
Helie, m. Fr. Heb. God the Lord, [36]
Helier, m. Fr. Lat. cheerful, [280]
Helgi, m. Nor. Teu. holy, [403]
Heliodorus, m. Lat. Gr. sun’s gift, [67]
Heliogabalus, m. Lat. Gr. sun’s gift, [67]
Helier, m. Jersey, Lat. cheerful, [191], [280]
Helmar, m. Ger. Teu. helmeted warrior, [351]
Helmbold, m. Ger. Teu. helmed prince, [351]
Helmerich, m. Ger. Teu. helmet king, [351]
Helmich, m. Ger. Teu. helmet, [351]
Helmhart, m. Ger. Teu. firm helmet, [351]
Helmtac, m. Ger. Teu. helmet day, [351]
Helmut, m. Ger. Teu. helmet rage, [351]
Helmine, f. Ger. Teu. will helmet, [351]
Helmold, m. Ger. Teu. helmet power, [351]
Heloise, f. Fr. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Helsa, f. Dan. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Hendrik, m. Dan. Dutch, Teu. home rule, [310]
Hendrika, f. Dutch, Teu. home rule, [310]
Hendrijshka, m. Lus. Gr. man, [86]
Henghist, m. A.S. Teu. horse, [340]
Hennike, m. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [309]
Henning, m. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [309]
Henny, f. Eng. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henri, m. Fr. Teu. home rule, [310]
Henrietta, f. Eng. Teu. home rule, [310]
Henriette, f. Fr. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henrika, f. Swed. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henriot, m. Fr. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henrique, m. Port. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henriqueta, f. Port. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henry, m. Eng. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henryketa, f. Pol. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Henryk, m. Pol. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Heoruward, m. A.S. sword guardian, [351]
Hephzibah, f. Eng. Heb. my delight is in her, [49]
Hepsy, f. Am. Heb. my delight is in her, [49]
Heraclius, m. Lat. Gr. noble fame, [63]
Heraclidas, m. Lat. Gr. noble fame, [63]
Heracleonas, m. Lat. Gr. noble fame, [63]
Herakles, m. Ger. Gr. lordly fame, [63]
Heraric, m. Ger. Teu. warrior king, [417]
Herberge, f. Fr. Teu. warrior protection, [417]
Herbert, m. Eng. Teu. bright warrior, [417]
Herbjorn, m. Nor. Teu. warrior bear, [417]
Herbrand, m. Nor. Teu. warrior sword, [417]
Herchenhold, m. Ger. Teu. sacredly firm, [329]
Hercule, m. Eng. Gr. lordly fame, [63]
Hercules, m. Eng. Gr. lordly fame, [63]
Herdegen, m. Ger. Teu. warrior blade, [351], [417]
Hertag, m. Ger. Teu. army day, [351], [417]
Heremon, m. Erse, Kelt. [241]
Hereward, m. Eng. Teu. sword guardian, [351]
Heruwulf, m. Ger. Teu. sword wolf, [351]
Hergils, m. Ger. Teu. warrior pledge, [417]
Heribert, m. Fr. Teu. warrior bright, [417]
Heribold, m. Ger. Teu. warrior prince, [417]
Herimar, m. Ger. Teu. warrior fame, [417]
Heriold, m. Ger. Teu. warrior power, [417]
Herjolf, m. Nor. Teu. warrior wolf, [417]
Herlaug, f. Nor. Teu. warrior drink, [417]
Herleif, m. Nor. Teu. warrior love relic, [417]
Herleik, m. Nor. Teu. warrior sport, [417]
Herluin, m. Fr. Teu. warrior friend (?), [417]
Hermagoras, m. Gr. assembly of Hermes, [71]
Herma, Swiss, Teu. public, [327]
Herman, m. Ger. Teu. public army man, [327]
Hermangild, m. Goth. Teu. public pledge, [327]
Hermanfried, m. Ger. Teu. public peace, [327]
Hermanfroy, m. Fr. Teu. public peace, [327]
Hermanrich, m. Ger. Teu. public rule, [327]
Hermesind, f. Goth. Teu. public strength, [328]
Hermes, f. Lat. Gr. of the earth, [71]
Hermia, f. Eng. Gr. of Hermes, [71]
Hermine, f. It. Lat. lordly, [147], [327]
Herminius, m. Lat. lordly, [147], [327]
Hermione, f. Lat. Gr. of Hermes, [71]
Hermolaus, m. Lat. Gr. Hermes' people, [71]
Hermocrates, m. Lat. Gr. Hermes' judge, [71]
Hermogenes, m. Lat. Gr. Hermes' descendant, [351]
Hermund, m. Nor. Teu. army protection, [351]
Hernan, m. Span. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Hernanda, f. Span. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Hernando, m. Span. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Hero, f. Eng. Gr. lady, [63]
Herod, m. Eng. Gr. of a hero, [63]
Herodias, m. Eng. Gr. of a hero, [63]
Herodotus, m. Eng. Gr. noble gift, [63]
Herulf, m. Nor. Teu. army wolf, [351]
Hervé, m. Fr. Kelt. bitter, [281]
Herwin, m. Ger. Teu. army friend, [416]
Hery, m. Bret. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Hesekiel, m. Ger. Heb. strength of God, [48]
Hesje, f. Dutch, Pers. star, [57]
Hester, f. Eng. Pers. star, [57]
Hesthera, f. Lat. Pers. star, [57]
Hezekiah, m. Ger. Heb. strength of the Lord, [48]
Hetty, f. Eng. Pers. star, [57]
Heva, f. Lat. Heb. life, [11]
Hew, m. Eng. Kelt. mind, [353]
Hezekiah, m. Eng. Heb. strength of the Lord, [48]
Hialfrek, m. Nor. Teu. helping ruler, [420]
Hialperik, m. Frank. Teu. helping ruler, [420]
Hierom, m. Eng. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronim, m. Pol. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronimo, m. It. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronimus, m. Lat. Ger. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronôme, m. Fr. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronomette, f. Fr. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hieronymus, Lat. Gr. holy name, [89]
Hies, m. Bav. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Hiesel, m. Bav. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Hilaire, m. Fr. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilaria, f. Eng. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilariao, m. Port. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilario, m. Sp. Port. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilarion, m. Fr. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilarius, m. Lat. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilary, m. f. Eng. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Hilda, f. Eng. Teu. battle maid, [317]
Hildebert, m. Frank. Teu. battle bright, [318]
Hildaberta, f. Ger. Teu. battle bright,[318]
Hildebjorg, f. Nor. Teu. battle maid protection, [318]
Hildebold, m. Ger. Teu. battle prince, [318]
Hildebrand, m. Eng. Teu. battle sword, [318]
Hildegar, m. Ger. Teu. battle spear,[318]
Hildegarde, f. Ger. Teu. battle maid protection, [318]
Hildegund, f. Nor. Teu. battle maid’s war, [318]
Hildegunna, f. Ice. Teu. battle maid’s war, [318]
Hildelildis, f. Lat. Teu. battle maid, [318]
Hildemand, m. Ger. Teu. battle man, [318]
Hildemunda, m. Ger. Teu. battle maid’s protection, [318]
Hilderich, m. Ger. Teu. battle rule, [318]
Hilderik, m. Frank. Teu. battle rule, [318]
Hildert, f. Fries. Teu. battle council, [318]
Hildeward, m. Frank. Teu. battle ward, [318]
Hildewig, f. Frank. Teu. battle maid war, [318]
Hildiridur, f. Ice. Teu. battle hastener, [318]
Hildrad, m. Ger. Teu. battle council, [318]
Hilduara, f. Nor. Teu. battle prudence, [318]
Hildur, f. Nor. Teu. battle maid, [318]
Hillert, m. Fr. Teu. battle bright, [318]
Hilperik, m. Frank. Teu. battle rule, [318]
Hilram, m. Ger. Teu. battle raven, [318]
Hilza, f. Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Hilzbeta, Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Hilzizka, Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Hiltrude, f. Ger. Teu. battle maiden, [319]
Hime, m. Fris. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Himmeltrud, f. Ger. Teu. heavenly maid.
Hinmarc, m. Fr. Teu. Ing’s fame, [325]
Hinko, m. Ger. Teu. Ing, [325]
Hinrik, m. Fris. Swed. Teu. home rule, [310]
Hiob, m. Ger. Heb. persecuted, [20]
Hiordis, f. sword spirit, [351]
Hiorgeir, m. sword war, [351]
Hiorleif, m. sword relic, [351]
Hiorulf, m. sword wolf, [351]
Hippodamus, m. Gr. horse tamer, [78]
Hippodameia, f. Gr. horse tamer, [78]
Hippolyt, m. Ger. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Hippolyta, f. Eng. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Hippolyte, m. Fr. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Hippolytos, m. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Hippolytus, m. Eng. Lat. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Hirsch, m. Ger. Teu. stag.
Hirus, m. Pol. Gr. with a holy name, [89]
Hjalmar, m. Nor. helmed warrior, [351]
Hjarrande, Nor. Teu. sword horse, [351]
Hlod, m. Frank. Teu. famous, [405]
Hlodio, m. Frank. Teu. famous, [405]
Hlodheri, m. Frank. Teu. famous army, [405]
Hlodhild, f. Frank. Teu. famous battle maid, [405]
Hlodmar, m. Frank. Teu. loud fame, [405]
Hlodwig, m. Frank. Teu. famous war, [405]
Hob, m. Eng. Teu. bright fame, [405]
Hobbie, m. Scot. Teu. bright stone, [417]
Hocke, m. Dutch, Teu. mind, [353]
Hodaiah, m. Eng. Heb. praise, [21]
Hodge, m. Eng. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Hoel, m. Welsh, Kelt. lordly, [276]
Hogni, m. Dan. Teu. deft (?), [364]
Holda, f. Ger. Teu. gentle, [214]
Holex, m. Lus. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Holger, m. Dan. Teu. holy, [403]
Holla, f. Ger. Teu. faithful, [214]
Homfroi, m. Fr. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Honor, f. Eng. Lat. honour, [190]
Honora, f. Ir. Lat. honour, [190]
Honoratus, m. Lat. honoured, [190]
Honoré, m. Fr. Lat. honoured, [190]
Honoria, f. Eng. Lat. honourable, [190]
Honorine, f. Fr. Lat. honour, [190]
Honorius, m. Lat. honourable, [190]
Horace, m. Fr. Eng. Lat. [148]
Horacio, m. Span. Lat. [148]
Horatia, f. Eng. Lat. [148]
Horatio, m. Eng. Lat. [148]
Horatius, m. Lat. [148]
Horatz, m. Ger. Lat. [148]
Hordaknut, m. Dan. Teu. firm hill, [420]
Horsa, m. A. S. Teu. horse, [340]
Horta, f. Lus. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Hortense, f. Fr. Lat. gardener, [147]
Hortensia, f. Ger. Eng. Lat. gardener, [147]
Hortensius, m. Lat. gardener, [147]
Hortija, f. Lus. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Hosch, m. Walloon, thought, [353]
Hoscha, m. Lus. Lat. bear, [411]
Hoshea, m. Eng. Heb. salvation, [36]
Houerv, m. Bret. Kelt. bitter, [282]
Hovleik, m. Nor. Teu. sport of thought, [354]
Hrafen, m. Ice. Teu. raven, [344]
Hrafenhildur, f. Ice. Teu. raven battle maid, [344]
Hrafenkjell, m. Ice. Teu. raven kettle, [344]
Hrista, m. Ill. Gr. Christian, [105]
Hrodbern, m. Nor. Teu. famous bear, [341]
Hrodhild, f. Ger. Nor. Teu. famous heroine, [393]
Hrodfrid, f. Ger. Nor. Teu. famous peace, [393]
Hroi, m. Teu. Nor. famous, [393]
Hrodny, f. Teu. Nor. famous freshness, [393]
Hrollaug, famous liquor, [393]
Hrollaf, m. Teu. Nor. relic of fame, [393]
Hrodsind, f. Nor. Teu. famous strength, [393]
Hrodstein, m. Nor. Teu. famous stone, [393]
Hrudo, Nor. Teu. fame, [393]
Hroar, m. Nor. Teu. famous spear, [393]
Hrolf, m. Nor. Teu. wolf of fame, [393]
Hrosbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright horse, [341]
Hroshelm, m. Ger. Teu. horse helmet, [341]
Hrosmund, f. m. Teu. famed protection, [341]
Hroswith, f. Lomb. Teu. horse strength, [341]
Hrosswald, m. Nor. Teu. horse power, [341]
Hrothulf, m. Nor. famous wolf, [393]
Hrothgar, A.S., spear of fame, [393]
Hrothmund, m. Nor. Teu. famous protection, [393]
Hrothrekr, m. Nor. Teu. famous king, [393]
Hrorekr, m. Nor. Teu. famous king,[393]
Hrothulf, m. Nor. Teu. famous wolf, [393]
Hruodgar, m. Ger. Teu. famed spear, [393]
Hruodgjer, m. Nor. Teu. famed spear, [393]
Hruodland, m. Frank. Teu. fame of land, [393]
Hruodmar, m. Nor. Teu. famed renown, [393]
Hruodperacht, m. Nor. Teu. bright fame, [393]
Hruoderich, m. Nor. Teu. famed rule, [393]
Hrudrolf, m. Nor. Teu. wolf of fame, [393]
Hu, m. Cym. Kelt. mind, [226], [353]
Huard, m. Ger. Teu. firm in mind, [353]
Hubbard, m. Eng. Teu. mind bright, [354]
Hubert, m. Eng. Fr. Teu. mind bright, [354]
Huberto, m. It. Teu. mind bright, [354]
Hucpraht, m. Ger. Teu. [354]
Hues, m. Fr. Teu. mind, [226], [353]
Huet, m. Fr. Teu. Kelt. (?) mind, [226], [353]
Huette, f. Fr. Teu. Kelt. mind, [226], [353]
Hugh, m. Eng. Teu. mind, [226], [353]
Hugi, m. Nor. Teu. mind, [226], [353]
Hugibald, m. Fr. Teu. mind prince, [353]
Hugibert, m. Ger. Teu. mind bright, [353]
Hugihardt, m. Ger. Teu. firm mind, [353]
Hugleik, m. Nor. Teu. sport of the mind, [353]
Hugo, m. Span. Lat. Port. Teu. mind, [226], [353]
Hugoleik, m. Frank. Teu. sport of the mind, [353]
Hugolin, m. Fr. Teu. mind, [352]
Hugr, m. Nor. Teu. mind, [353]
Hugues, m. Fr. Teu. mind, [353]
Huguenin, m. Fr. Teu. mind, [353]
Hugur, m. Nor. Teu. mind, [353]
Huig, m. Dutch, Teu. thought, [353]
Huldr, f. Swed. Teu. muffled, [214]
Hulla, f. Swed. Teu. muffled, [214]
Humbert, m. Fr. Teu. support of brightness, [350]
Humfrey, m. Eng. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Humfreid, m. Ger. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Humphrey, m. Eng. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Humps, m. Eng. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Hunaud, m. Fr. Teu. support of power, [350]
Hund, m. Dan. Teu. dog, [336]
Hundolf, dog wolf, [336]
Hungerdur, f. Nor. Teu. supporting maiden, [351]
Hungus, m. Scot. Kelt. excellent virtue, [242]
Hunibert, m. Nor. Teu. support of brightness, [350]
Hunnerich, m. Ger. Teu. support ruler, [350]
Hunold, m. Fr. Teu. support of power, [350]
Huon, m. Fr. Teu. mind, [226], [352]
Huprecht, m. Lus. Teu. bright fame, [354]
Hutcheon, m. Scot. Teu. mind, [226], [353]
Hyacinth, m. Ir. Gr. purple, [81]
Hyacinthe, f. Fr. Gr. purple, [81]
Hyacinthie, f. Ger. Gr. purple, [81]
Hygelac, m. A.G.S. Teu. sport of thought, [353]
Hynek, m. Bohm. Lat. fiery, [194]
Hystaspes, m. Gr. Zend. possessing horses.
Hywel, m. Welsh, Kelt. lordly, [276]
Hywgi, m. Welsh, Teu. mind, [226]

Iachimo, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Iago, m. Span. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Ian, m. Scot. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Iarngard, m. Nor. iron defence, [348]
Ib, f. Eng. Phœn. oath of Baal, [35]
Ibald, m. Ger. Teu. bow prince, [326]
Ibbot, f. Scot. Teu. oath of Baal, [35]
Ibert, m. Ger. Teu. bright bow, [326]
Ibraheem, m. Arab. Heb. father of nations, [12]
Ichabod, m. Eng. Heb. the glory is departed, [2]
Ida, f. m. Ger. Eng. Teu. happy, [411]
Ida, f. Erse, Kelt. thirsty, [224]
Ide, m. Ger. Teu. rich, [376]
Idette, f. Flem. Teu. rich, [376]
Idonea, f. Eng. Teu. she who ever works, [307]
Iduberge, f. Fr. Teu. happy protection, [378]
Idune, f. Ger. Nor. Teu. she who works, [307]
Iggerich, m. Fris. Teu. awful king, [323]
Ignace, m. Russ. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignacij, m. Slov. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignacio, m. Rom. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignacy, m. Pol. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignascha, m. Russ. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignatie, m. Wallach. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignatij, m. Russ. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignatius, m. Eng. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignaz, m. Ger. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignazia, m. Bav. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignazio, m. It. Lat. fiery, [194]
Ignes, f. Span. Gr. pure, [119]
Igor, m. Russ. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Ike, m. Fris. Teu. awful firmness, [323]
Ikey, m. Eng. Heb. laughter, [41]
Ilar, m. Welsh, Gr. cheerful, [191]
Ilaria, m. Russ. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Ilareeij, Russ. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Ilario, m. It. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Ilarion, m. Russ. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Ildefonso, m. Span. Teu. eager for battle, [320]
Ildefonsus, m. Span. Teu. eager for battle, [320]
Ilderico, m. It. Teu. battle rule, [320]
Iliska, f. Slov. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Ilja, m. Russ. Heb. God, the Lord, [36]
Ilona, Hung. Gr. light, [68]
Ilse, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Ilse, f. Ger. Teu. noble cheer, [411]
Imagina, f. Ger.
Immanuel, m. Eng. Heb. God with us, [36]
Imogen, f. Eng. [233]
Incarnaçion, f. Span. Lat. incarnation, [30]
Indes, Lett. home ruler, [310]
Indrikis, Lett. home ruler, [310]
Indus, Lett. home ruler, [310]
Indride, m. Nor. chief rider, [323]
Iñes, f. Span. Gr. pure, [119]
Inesila, f. Span. Gr. pure, [119]
Iñaz, Port. Gr. pure, [119]
Ing, m. Nor. Teu. Ing, [324]
Ingebera, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s bear, [325]
Ingeberge, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s protection, [325]
Ingebjerg, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s protection, [325]
Ingebrand, m. A. S. Teu. Ing’s sword, [325]
Ingegjerd, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s guard, [325]
Ingeltram, m. Eng. Teu. Ing’s raven, [325]
Ingelief, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s relic, [325]
Ingemund, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s protection, [325]
Ingeridur, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s eagerness, [325]
Inghild, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s battle maid, [325]
Ingjard, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s spear, [325]
Ingoberga, f. Lat. Teu. Ing’s protection, [325]
Ingrimr, m. Nor. Teu. helmeted Ing, [325]
Ingram, m. Eng. Teu. Ing’s raven, [325]
Ingulf, m. Eng. Teu. Ing’s wolf, [325]
Ingulphus, m. Lat. Teu. Ing’s wolf, [325]
Ingunna, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s maiden, [325]
Ingve, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s consecration, [325]
Ingvaldr, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s power, [325]
Ingvar, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s warrior, [325]
Ingvechild, f. Nor. Teu. Ing’s battle maid, [325]
Iñiga, f. m. Span. Gr. fiery, [194]
Iñigo[Iñigo], m. Span. Gr. fiery, [194]
Innocent, m. Eng. Lat. harmless, [193]
Innocentius, m. Lat. harmless, [193]
Innocenz, m. Ger. Lat. harmless, [193]
Innocenzie, f. Ger. Lat. harmless, [193]
Innocenzio, m. It. Lat. harmless, [193]
Innokentij, m. Russ. Lat. harmless, [193]
Iola, m. Bret. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Iolo, m. Welsh, Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Ippolita, f. It. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Ippolito, m. It. Gr. horse destruction, [78]
Irene, f. Eng. It. Fr. Gr. peace, [113]
Irenæus, m. Lat. Gr. peaceful, [113]
Iring, m. Thuringian, Teu. [327]
Irmanfrit, m. Ger. Teu. public peace, [327]
Irnvrit, m. Thu. Teu. public peace, [327]
Irung, m. bright, [416]
Isa, f. Ger. Teu. iron, [348]
Isaac, m. Fr. Eng. Heb. laughter, [14]
Isaak, m. Russ. Ger. Heb. laughter, [14]
Isabeau, f. Fr. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Isabel, f. Span. Eng. Port. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Isabelinha, f. Port. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Isabella, f. It. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Isabelle, f. Fr. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Isaiah, m. Eng. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Isambart, m. Fr. Teu. iron bright, [348]
Isambaus, m. Fr. Teu. iron prince, [348]
Isbel, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Isbrand, m. Nor. Teu. iron sword, [348]
Isebald, m. Ger. Teu. iron prince, [348]
Isenbrand, m. Ger. Teu. iron sword, [348]
Isengard, m. Ger. Teu. iron defence, [348]
Isengrim, m. Ger. Teu. iron mask, [348]
Isenhard, m. Ger. Teu. iron firm, [348]
Iseulte, f. Fr. Kelt. fair, [275]
Isfundear, m. Pers. Zend.
Isgar, m. Ger. Teu. iron spear, [348]
Isgier, m. Nor. Teu. iron spear, [348]
Ishmael, m. Eng. Heb. heard of God, [2]
Isidor, m. Span. Ger. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Isadora, f. Span. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Isidore, f. m. Fr. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Isidoro, m. It. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Isidorus, m. Lat. Gr. strong gift, [103]
Ising, m. Nor. Teu. son of iron, [348]
Iskender, m. Turk. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Isobel, f. Scot. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Isolda, f. It. Kelt. fair, [275]
Isolde, f. Eng. Kelt. fair, [275]
Isolt, f. Eng. Kelt. fair, [275]
Isrid, f. Nor. Teu. iron vehemence, [348]
Issachar, m. Eng. Heb. hire, [7]
Issaak, m. Russ. Heb. laughter, [14]
Istvan, m. Hung. Gr. crown, [96]
Isulf, m. Nor. Teu. iron wolf, [348]
Ita, f. Erse, Kelt. thirsty, [224]
Itzig, m. Pol. Heb. laughter, [14]
Ivan, m. Russ. Heb. grace of God, [45]
Ivancica, f. Russ. Gr. Teu. grace of the Lord, [46]
Ivanjuscha, m. Russ. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Ivanku, f. Bulg. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Ivanna, f. Russ. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Ivar, m. Dan. Teu. archer, [325]
Ivbald, m. Ger. Teu. bow prince, [325]
Ivbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright bow, [325]
Iver, m. Dan. Teu. archer, [325]
Ives, m. Eng. Teu. archer, [325]
Ivka, f. Ill. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Ivo, m. Eng. Teu. archer, [325]
Ivon, m. Bret. Teu. bow bearer, [325]
Ivor, m. Scot. Teu. bow bearer, [325]
Ivory, m. Irish, [325]
Izaak, m. Eng. Heb. laughter, [15]
Izabela, f. Pol. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Izabella, f. Hung. Heb. oath of Baal, [35]
Izod, f. Eng. Kelt. fair, [275]
Izoldo, f. Eng. Kelt. fair, [275]
Izydor, m. Pol. Gr. strong gift, [103]

Jaak, m. Esth. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaap, m. Dutch, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaapje, f. Dutch, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jabez, m. Eng. Heb. sorrow, [2]
Jachym, m. Pol. Heb. the Lord’s judgment, [37]
Jacim, Slov. Ill. the Lord’s judgment, [37]
Jacinta, f. Span. purple, [81]
Jacintha, f. Eng. Gr. purple, [81]
Jacinthe, m. Fr. Gr. purple, [81]
Jack, m. Eng. Heb. grace of God, [45]
Jackel, m. Bav. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacob, m. Eng. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [1], [17]
Jacobéa, f. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacobello, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacobina, f. Scot. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacobine f. Ger. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacobo, m. It. Span. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacobus, m. Lat. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacopo, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacot, m. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacov, m. Russ. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacovina, f. Russ. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacques, m. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacqueline, f. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacqueminot, m. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacquetta, f. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jacquette, f. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaddæus, m. Lat. Heb. known of God, [8]
Jaddua, m. Eng. Heb. known of God, [8]
Jadwiga, f. Pol. Teu. war refuge, [305]
Jaga, m. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaggeli, m. Bav. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jagoda, m. Slav. Slav. strawberry, [438]
Jahus, m. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jaime, m. Aram. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaka, m. Slov. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakab, m. Hung. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jako, m. Ill. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakob, m. Esth. Dutch, Ger. Pol. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakoba, f. Dutch, Ger. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakobos, m. Gr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakobine, f. Ger. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakov, m. Russ. Ill. Wall. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakova, f. Hung. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jakobika, f. m. Ill. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaffrez, m. Bret. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
James, m. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jamesina, f. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jamie, m. Scot. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jan, m. Nor. Dutch, Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jannik, m. Bret. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janas, m. Lett. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janak, Pol. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janckzi, m. Hung. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jane, f. Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Janek, m. Scot. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janesika, f. Slov. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Janet, f. Scot. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Janez, m. Slov. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janja, f. Serv. Gr. pure, [119]
Janke, m. Lus. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janne, m. Dan. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jannedik, f. Bret. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janos, m. Hung. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Janotje, f. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jantina, f. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jantje, f. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Januarius, m. Lat. January born, [171]
Janus, m. Dutch, Lat. from Adria, [156]
Jaques, m. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaquette, f. Fr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jarlar, m. Swed. Heb. earl warrior, [333]
Jaromir, m. Bohm. Slav. firm peace, [333]
Jaropolk, m. Russ. Slav. firm peace, [333]
Jaroslav, f. Russ. Slav. firm peace.
Jarratt, m. Eng. Teu. spear firm, [369]
Jartrud, m. Nor. Teu. spear truth, [368]
Jascha, m. Russ. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaschenka, m. Russ. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jaschis, m. Lett. Heb. addition, [23]
Jaseps, m. Lett. Heb. addition, [23]
Jasper, m. Eng. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Jatmund, m. Dan. Teu. rich protection, [377]
Jaubert, m. Fr. Teu. good bright, [288]
Jauffré, m. Prov. Teu. God’s peace, [287]
Jantje, m. Dutch, Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Javotte, f. Fr. Kelt. white stream, [270]
Jaward, m. Nor. Teu. rich guardian, [378]
Jayme, m. Sp. Port. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jeames, m. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jean, m. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jean, f. Scot. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jeanne, f. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jeannette, f. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jeannetton, f. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jeannot, m. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jebbe, f. Fris. Teu. wild boar battle maid, [337]
Jeconiah, m. Eng. Lat. appointed of the Lord, [38]
Jedert, f. Slov. Teu. war maid, [368]
Jedrzej, m. Pol. Gr. manly, [86]
Jeffrey, m. Eng. Teu. good peace, [287]
Jefronissa, f. Russ. Gr. mirth, [72]
Jehan, m. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jehanne, f. Fr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jehoash, given by the Lord, [37]
Jehoram, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is exalted, [37]
Jehoiachin, m. Eng. Heb. appointed of the Lord, [37]
Jehoiada, m. Eng. Heb. known of God, [37]
Jehoiakim, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Jehu, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is He, [38]
Jeka, m. Lett. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jekups, m. Lett. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jela, f. Serv. Gr. light, [68]
Jelena, f. Slov. Gr. light, [68]
Jelica, f. Russ. Slov. Gr. light, [68]
Jelisavka, f. Serv. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Jelissaveta, f. Russ. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Jellon, m. Scot. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Jemmy, m. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jemima, f. Eng. Heb. dove, [26]
Jendriska, f. Bohm. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Jenkin, m. Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jennifer, f. Corn. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Jenny, f. Eng. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jenovefa, m. Bret. Kelt. white stream, [270]
Jens, m. Dan. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Jeoffroi, m. Fr. Teu. divine peace, [288]
Jeps, m. Lett. Heb. addition, [23]
Jerassim, m. Russ. Gr. beloved, [113]
Jerast, m. Russ. Gr. amiable, [113]
Jera, f. Slov. Teu. war maid, [368]
Jeremej, m. Russ. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremiah, m. Ger. Slov. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremiah, m. Fr. Eng. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremias, m. Fr. Eng. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremie, m. Fr. Wall. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremija, m. Russ. Serv. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jeremy, m. Eng. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jerica, f. Slov. Teu. war maid, [368]
Jerko, m. Serv. Gr. with a holy name, [89]
Jermyn, m. Eng. Lat. German, [416]
Jernej, m. Ill. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Jerolim, m. Serv. Gr. with holy name, [89]
Jerom, m. Ger. Gr. holy name, [89]
Jeromette, f. Fr. Gr. holy name, [89]
Jerome, m. Eng. Fr. Gr. holy name, [89]
Jeronimo, m. Port. Gr. with a holy name, [89]
Jerram, m. Eng. Teu. war raven, [370]
Jerry, m. Eng. Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Jervis, m. Eng. Teu. spear war, [369]
Jervoise, m. Eng. Teu. spear war, [369]
Jerzy, m. Pol. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jesaia, m. Ger. Heb. help of God, [49]
Jesekijel, m. Russ. Heb. strength of God, [49]
Jespers, m. Lett. Pers. treasure master, [211]
Jeshua, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord my salvation, [37]
Jessica, f. Eng. [46]
Jesse, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is, [46]
Jessie, f. Scot. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Jettchen, f. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Jette, f. Ger. Teu. home ruler, [310]
Jettje, f. Dutch, Teu. home ruler, [310]
Jeva, f. Serv. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Jeva, f. Lett. Serv. Heb. life, [11]
Jevan, Welsh, young warrior, [273]
Jevva, f. Russ. Heb. life, [11]
Jevchariz, m. Russ. Gr. happy hand, [87]
Jevdoksia, f. Russ. Gr. happy glory, [88]
Jevginnia, f. Russ. Gr. well born, [88]
Jevginij, m. Russ. Gr. well born, [88]
Jevfimija, f. Russ. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Jevlalija, f. Russ. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Jevstachij, m. Russ. Gr. fair harvest, [88]
Jewa, f. Lith. Heb. life, [11]
Jewele, f. Lett. Heb. life, [11]
Jezis, m. Lett. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jill, f. Eng. Lat. downy beard, [150]
Jillet, f. Eng. Lat. downy beard, [150]
Jillian, f. Eng. Lat. downy beard, [150]
Jitka, f. Pol. Heb. praise, [20]
Jim, m. Eng. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jiri, m. Bohm. Gr. husbandman, [115]
[Jjewa], f. Lus. Heb. life, [11]
Joa, m. Span. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joachim, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joachim, m. Russ. Eng. Fr. Heb. God will judge, [38]
Joachime, f. Fr. Heb. God will judge, [37]
Joahim, m. Slov. Heb. God will judge, [38]
Joakim, m. Russ. Heb. God will judge, [38]
Joan, f. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Joanna, f. Eng. Pol. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Joannes, m. Gr. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Joanico, m. Port. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Joaniniha, f. Port. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Joao, m. Port. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Joaozinho, m. Port. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Joaquim, m. Span. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joaquin, m. Span. Port. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joaquima[Joaquima], f. Port. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joash, m. Eng. Heb. given by the Lord, [38]
Job, m. Eng. Heb. persecuted, [26]
Jobs, m. Ger. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jobst, m. Bav. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jocelin, m. Fr. Eng. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jochebed, f. Eng. Heb. person of merit, [27]
Jocheli, m. Swiss, the Lord will judge, [37]
Johann, m. Bav. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Jock, m. Scot. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jock, m. Swiss, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jockel, m. Ger. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Jockey, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jocosa, f. Eng. Lat. merry, [191]
Jocosus, m. Lat. merry, [191]
Jodel, m. Bav. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jodetel, m. Fr. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jodoca, f. Eng. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jodocus, m. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jodoke, f. Ger. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jodokus, m. Ger. Lat. sportive, [191]
Joar, horse warrior, [341]
Jodis, horse sprite, [441]
Jofan, the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jofred, horse peace, [341]
Jofrid, fair horse, [341]
Jogeir, horse spear, [341]
Jogrim, horse mask, [341]
Jokell, horse kettle, [341]
Joketyl, horse kettle, [341]
Joreid, horse eagerness, [341]
Jostein, horse stone, [341]
Jorunna, horse lady, [341]
Jornandes, Jordan, [39]
Jøren, Nor. Teu. glittering man, [416]
Jørund, Nor. Teu. glittering man, [416]
Joel, m. Eng. Heb. strong willed, [50]
Joe, m. Eng. Heb. addition, [23]
Joeran, m. Dan. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jofa, m. Lapp. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jofan, m. Lapp. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jogg, m. Swiss, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Joggeli, m. Swiss, Heb. supplanter, [17]
Johan, m. Swiss, Esth. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Johanan, Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Johanna, f. Ger. Esth. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Johanna, f. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Johanne, f. Ger. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Johannes, m. Ger. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
John, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Johnnie, Scot. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Johnny, Eng. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Johum, Dan. Heb. the Lord will judge, [37]
Joletta, f. Eng. Lat. violet, [206]
Joliette, f. Fr. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Jompert, m. Fr. Teu. war splendour, [363]
Jonah, m. Eng. Heb. dove, [26]
Jonas, m. Lat. Heb. dove, [26]
Jonaszus, m. Lith. Heb. dove, [26]
Jonathan, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord’s gift, [25]
Jonelis, m. Lith. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jonka, m. Lapp. Heb. dove, [26]
Jonkus, m. Lith. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jonkuttelis, m. Lith. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jonuttis, m. Lith. Heb. the Lord’s grace.
Joram, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is exalted, [37]
Jordan, m. Eng. Heb. descender, [39]
Jorens, m. Norse, Lat. laurel, [174]
Jorge, Port. husbandman, [115]
Joris, Dutch, Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jortz, Gr. Prov. husbandman, [115]
Jorwarth, m. Welsh, Teu. rich guard, [378]
Jos, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is salvation, [37]
Joscelin, m. Eng. Lat. just, [192]
Joscelind, f. Eng. Lat. just, [192]
Jose, m. Span. Port. Heb. addition, [23]
Josef, m. Span. Swed. Heb. addition, [23]
Josefa, f. Span. Heb. addition, [23]
Josefina, f. Swed. Heb. addition, [23]
Josep, m. Prov. Fr. Heb. addition, [23]
Joseph, m. Fr. Eng. Ger. Heb. addition, [17]
Josepha, f. Port. Heb. addition, [23]
Josephe, f. Ger. Fr. Heb. addition, [23]
Josephina, f. Port. Heb. addition, [23]
Josephine, f. Fr. Eng. Heb. addition, [23]
Joses, m. Gr. Heb. addition, [23]
Joshua, m. Eng. Heb. the Lord is salvation, [37]
Josiah, m. Eng. Heb. yielded to the Lord, [37]
Jossif, m. Wall. Heb. addition, [23]
Josipe, f. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josip, m. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josipa, f. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josipac, m. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josipica, f. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Joska, f. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josko, m. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Josh, m. Bav. Heb. addition, [23]
Josse, m. Fr. Lat. sportive, [191]
Josselin, m. Fr. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jossif, m. Russ. Heb. addition, [23]
Jossué, m. Fr. Heb. the Lord is salvation, [37]
Jost, m. L. Ger. Lat. just, [192]
Jost, m. Swiss, Lat. sportive, [23]
Jost, m. Ger. Lat. sportive, [191]
Jostli, m. Swiss, Lat. sportive, [191]
Josts, m. Lett. Lat. just, [192]
Jourdain, m. Fr. Heb. descender, [39]
Jov, m. Russ. Heb. persecuted, [26]
Jovan, m. Ill. Swiss, Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jovana, f. Ill. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Jovanna, f. Port. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Jovica, f. Ill. Heb. the Lords grace, [46]
Joy, f. Eng. [191]
Joyce, f. Eng. Lat. sportive, [191]
Joycelin, m. Eng. Lat. just, [192]
Joza, m. Slov. Heb. addition, [23]
Joze, m. Port. Heb. addition, [23]
Jozef, m. Pol. Slav. Heb. addition, [23]
Jozefa, f. Pol. Heb. addition, [23]
Jozo, m. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Jozefa, f. Hung. Heb. addition, [23]
Jra, f. Slov. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Juan, m. Span. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Juana, f. Span. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [46]
Juanito, m. Span. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Juczi, f. Hung. Heb. praise, [21]
Judah, m. Eng. Heb. praise, [20]
Judas, m. Scot. Heb. praise, [20]
Jude, m. Eng. Heb. praise, [20]
Judical, m. Bret. Lat. sportive, [191]
Judit, f. Hung. Heb. praise, [21]
Judith, f. Ger. Eng. Heb. praise, [21]
Juditha, f. Ger. Heb. praise, [21]
Judithe, f. Fr. Heb. praise, [21]
Judy, f. Eng. Heb. praise, [21]
Jugge, f. Eng. Heb. praise, [21]
Jukums, m. Lith. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Jukkinum, m. Esth. Heb. the Lord will judge, [38]
Jules, m. Lith. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Jules, m. Fr. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Juli, f. Hung. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julia, f. Eng. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Juliaantje, f. Dutch, Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julian, m. f. Eng. Span. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Juliana, f. Eng. Span. Port. Wall. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Juliane, f. Ger. Lat downy bearded, [150]
Juliano, m. Span. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julianus, m. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Juanito, f. Span. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Juliao, m. Port. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julie, f. Ill. Fr. Wall. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julien, m. Fr. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julienne, f. Fr. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Juliet, f. Eng. Lat. downy bearded, [151]
Julietta, f. Span. Lat. downy bearded, [151]
Juliette, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. downy bearded, [151]
Julij, m. Slav. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julija, f. Russ. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julijan, m. Slov. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Julijana, f. Slov. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julio, m. Span. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julis, f. Hung. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Juliska, f. Hung. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julius, m. Lat. Eng. Ger. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julka, f. Pol. Lat. downy bearded, [149]
Julyan, f. Eng. Lat. downy bearded, [150]
Junius, m. Lat. of Juno, [151]
Jurck, m. Slav. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurgan, m. Fris. Neth. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurgis, m. Lett. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurguttis, m. Lett. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurica, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurisa, m. Ill. Slav. storm.
Jurn, m. Fris. Esth. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Juro, m. Ill. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurriaan, m. Dutch, Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurric, m. Dutch, Gr. husbandman, [115]
Jurrusch, m. Lett. Gr. husbandman, [115]
Just, m. Ger. Lat. just, [193]
Justa, f. Lat. just, [193]
Juste, m. Fr. Lat. just, [193]
Juste, f. Ger. Lat. just, [193]
Justin, m. Eng. Ger. Lat. just, [193]
Justina, f. Eng. Span. Lat. just, [193]
Justine, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. just, [193]
Justinian, m. Ger. Eng. Lat. just, [193]
Justinien, m. Fr. Lat. just, [193]
Justino, m. Span. Lat. just, [193]
Justinus, m. Lat. just, [193]
Justs, m. Lett. Lat. just, [193]
Justyn, m. Pol. Lat. just, [193]
Juthe, f. Hung. Ger. Heb. praise, [21]
Jutka, f. Hung. Heb. praise, [21]
Jutta, f. Ger. Heb. praise, [21]
Juzeth, f. Bret. Heb. praise, [21]
Juzzis, m. Lett. Heb. God will judge, [38]
Jvan, m. Bulg. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jvic, m. Ill. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Jvica, m. Ill. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]

Kaat, f. Dutch, Gr. pure, [123]
Kaari, m. Nor. Teu. god of the winds, [322]
Kaatje, f. Dutch, Gr. pure, [123]
Kaddo, f. Esth. Gr. pure, [123]
Kadl, f. Bav. Gr. pure, [123]
Kajetan, m. Slov. Lat. of Gaeta, [132]
Kajsa, f. Swed. Gr. pure, [123]
Kalle, m. Swed. Teu. man, [386]
Kaaurentina, f. Bret.
Kapo, m. Lus. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kapp, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Karel, m. Esth. Dutch, Bohm. Dan. Teu. strong man, [386]
Karen, f. Dan. Gr. pure, [123]
Kalle, m. Swed. Teu. man, [386]
Kantemir, m. Russ. Turk. happy iron.
Karadek, m. Bret. Kelt. beloved, [233]
Karl, m. Swiss, Teu. god of the winds, [386]
Karin, f. Dan. Teu. pure, [123]
Karl, m. Swed. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Karla, f. Slov. Teu. man, [386]
Karlic, m. Ill. [386]
Karlica, m. Ill. [386]
Karlo, m. Russ. Ill. Teu. man, [386]
Karlmann, m. Ger. Teu. strong man, [386]
Karlko, m. Lus. Teu. man, [386]
Karls, m. Lett. Teu. man, [386]
Karol, m. Pol. Slov. Teu. man, [386]
Karolek, m. Pol. Teu. man, [386]
Karolina, f. Slav. Teu. man, [386]
Karolinka, f. Slov. Teu. man, [386]
Karoly, m. Hung. Teu. man, [386]
Karsten, m. Slav. L. Ger. Teu. Christian, [105]
Karstin, f. Dan. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kasche, f. Dantzig, Gr. pure, [123]
Kasch, m. Dantzig, Teu. man, [386]
Kaschis, m. Lett. Slav. showing peace, [443]
Kasen, f. Dan. Gr. pure, [123]
Kashuk, m. Lett. Slav. show forth peace, [442]
Kasia, f. Pol. Gr. pure, [123]
Kasimir, m. Ger. Slav. show forth peace, [443]
Kasimira, f. Ger. Slav. show forth peace, [443]
Kasimirs, m. Lett. Slav. show forth peace, [443]
Kaspar, m. Ger. Russ. Bohm. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kaspe, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kasper, m. Swed. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kasperl, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kaspers, m. Lett. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kaspor, m. Lus. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kass, m. Bav. Pers. treasure master (?), [211]
Kata, f. Ill. Gr. pure, [123]
Katalin, f. Hung. Gr. pure, [123]
Katarina, f. Swed. Ill. Russ. Gr. pure, [123]
Katarzina, f. Pol. Gr. pure, [123]
Kate, f. Eng. Ill. Gr. pure, [123]
Katel, f. Bret. Gr. pure, [123]
Katelik, f. Bret. Gr. pure, [123]
Katerina, f. Bohm. Gr. pure, [123]
Katharine, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. pure, [123]
Kätchen, f. Ger. Gr. pure, [123]
Kathe, f. Ger. Gr. pure, [123]
Katherine, f. Eng. Gr. pure, [123]
Kathleen, f. Ir. Gr. pure, [123]
Kathri, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Kathrili, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Kathrina, f. Dan. Gr. pure, [123]
Kati, f. Hung. Gr. pure, [123]
Katica, f. Ill. Gr. pure, [123]
Katicza, f. Hung. Gr. pure, [123]
Katie, f. Scot. Gr. pure, [123]
Katinka, f. Russ. Gr. pure, [123]
Katya, f. Russ. Gr. pure, [123]
Katla, f. Nor. Teu. cauldron, [346]
Katra, f. Slov. Gr. pure, [123]
Katreij, f. Slov. Gr. pure, [123]
Katrin, f. Bav. Gr. pure, [123]
Katrina, f. Slov. Gr. pure, [123]
Katrine, f. Eng. Bav. Lett. Gr. pure, [123]
Kats, f. Esth. Gr. pure, [123]
Katsche, f. Lett. Gr. pure, [123]
Kattel, f. Bav. Gr. pure, [123]
Katty, f. Ir. Gr. pure, [123]
Kavzma, m. Russ. Gr. order, [125]
Kay, m. Eng. Lat. rejoicing, [131]
Kazimir, m. Ill. Pol. Slov. Bohm. Slav. show forth peace, [211]
Kazimierz, m. Pol. Slav. show forth peace, [211]
Kean, m. Irish, vast, [258]
Kee, f. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Kees, m. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Keetje, f. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Keeldar, m. Scot. Teu. battle army.
Keereel, m. Russ. Gr. lordly, [217]
Keira, Lapp. Teu. ever king, [56]
Kenneth, m. Scot. Kelt. comely, [256]
Kenny, m. Ir. Kelt. vast, [256]
Kentigern, m. Welsh, Kelt. head chief, [258]
Kentigerna, f. Welsh, Kelt. head chief, [258]
Kephas, m. Gr. Aram. stone, [107]
Kerenhappuch, f. Heb. box of paint, [26]
Kerestel, m. Hung. Christian, [105]
Keresteli, m. Hung. Christian, [105]
Keriadek, m. Bret. Kelt. beloved, [233]
Kerstan, m. Lus. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kerste, f. Lett. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kersti, m. Est. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kerstiteli, m. Ill. Gr. baptizer, [106]
Kersto, m. Ill. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kester, m. Eng. Teu. Christ bearer, [106]
Kert, Esth. Teu. spear maid, [268]
Ketelbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. cauldron bear, [347]
Ketelridir, f. Nor. Teu. cauldron fury, [347]
Ketterle, f. Bav. Gr. pure, [123]
Ketyl, m. Nor. Teu. cauldron, [347]
Kevin, m. Irish, Kelt. comely, [256]
Keyne, f. Eng. Kelt. jewel, [271]
Kezia, f. Eng. Bret. cassia, [26]
Khaoos, m. Pers. Zend. beautiful eyed.
Kharalamm, m. Russ. Gr. joy of Easter, [216]
Kharalample, m. Russ. Gr. joy of Easter, [216]
Kharitoun, m. Russ. Gr. love, [73]
Khevronia, m. Russ. Lat. purifying, [176]
Khoosroo, m. Pers. Zend. sun (?), [56]
Khur, m. Pers. Zend. sun (?), [56]
Khshayarsha, Zend. venerable king, [56]
Kissey, f. Eng. Heb. cassia, [26]
Kieren, m. Irish, Kelt. black, [256]
Kilian, m. Ger. Lat. blind, [144]
Kina, f. Swiss, Gr. Christian, [105]
Kirin, m. Ill. Lat. spearman, [177]
Kit, m. Eng. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kiogeir, m. Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Kitto, m. Lus. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kitty, f. Eng. Gr. pure, [123]
Kiodvala, Nor. people’s power, [375]
Kjogjer, Nor. people’s spear, [375]
Kjol, Nor. people’s wolf, [375]
Kjold, Nor. people’s wolf, [375]
Kjoille, Nor. people’s heroine, [375]
Kjoval, Nor. people’s power, [375]
Kjostol, m. Nor. harsh wolf, [419]
Kjartan, m. Nor. Kelt. sea warrior, [146]
Kjelbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. kettle protection, [346]
Kjell, m. Nor. Teu. kettle, [346]
Klaatje, m. Dutch, Lat. famous, [186]
Klaas, m. Dutch, Lat. victory of the people, [90]
Klaasji, m. Dutch, Lat. victory of the people, [90]
Klaada, m. Bret. Lat. lame, [146]
Klara, f. Sl. Lat. famous, [185]
Klas, m. Bav. Dan. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Klasel, m. Bav. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Klassis, m. Lat. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Klaudij, m. Ill. Lat. lame, [146]
Klaus, m. Ger. Esth. Lat. victory of the people, [90]
Klavde, m. Slov. Lat. lame, [146]
Klavdij, m. Russ. Lat. lame, [146]
Klavinsh, m. Lett. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Klavs, m. Lett. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Kleanthes, m. Gr. famous bloom, [95]
Klemen, m. Slov. Hung. Lat. merciful, [160]
Klemente, m. Ill. Lat. merciful, [160]
Klemet, m. Esth. Lat. merciful, [160]
Klemin, m. Ger. Lat. merciful, [160]
Klunans, m. Russ. Lat. merciful, [160]
Kleopatra, f. Gr. fame of her father, [95]
Klothilde, f. Ger. Teu. famous battle maid, [404]
Knelis, m. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Knel, m. Dantzig, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Knud, m. Dan. Teu. hill, [433]
Knut, m. Dan. Teu. hill, [433]
Koadou, m. Bret. Kelt. wood liver.
Kodders, m. Lett. Gr. divine gift, [101], [282]
Koenraed, m. Netherlands, Teu. bold council, [423]
Kol, m. Ice. Teu. cool, [429]
Kolbein, m. Ice. Teu. cold iron bone, [429]
Kolbjorn, m. Ice. Teu. black bear, [429]
Kolina, f. Swed. Gr. pure, [123]
Kolbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. black bear, [429]
Kolfinn, m. Nor. Teu. cool white, [429]
Kolfinna, f. Nor. Teu. cool white, [429]
Kolgrim, m. Nor. Teu. cool mask, [429]
Kolgrima, f. Nor. Teu. cool mask, [427]
Kolinka, m. Russ. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Kolja, m. Russ. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Koloman, m. Hung. slave council man, [443]
Kolskegg, m. Ice. Teu. black beard, [427]
Kondratij, m. Russ. Teu. bold council, [423]
Konrad, m. Hung. Swed. Ger. Russ. Teu. bold council, [423]
Konradin, m. Ger. Teu. bold council, [423]
Konradine, f. Ger. Teu. bold council, [423]
Konstantia, f. Ill. Slav. Lat. firm, [161]
Konstanij, m. Slav. Lat. firm, [161]
Konstanczia, f. Hung. Lat. firm, [161]
Konstantin, m. Teu. Slav. Russ. Lat. firm, [161]
Konstanz, m. Ger. Lat. firm, [161]
Kore, f. Gr. Gr. maiden, [60]
Kored, bold council, [423]
Koredli, bold council, [423]
Kordel, f. Bav. Kelt. jewel of the sea, [230]
Kordule, f. Gr. Kelt. jewel of the sea, [230]
Kormak, m. Ice. Kelt. son of a chariot, [249]
Koreish, m. Heb. Zend. sun (?), [56]
Kornel, m. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Kornelie, f. Wall. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Kornelij, m. Slav. Lat. horn (?), [146]
Korstiaan, m. Dutch, Gr. Christian, [105]
Kosmos, m. Gr. order, [125]
Kostadin, m. Slov. Lat. firm, [161]
Kostancia, f. Slav. Lat. firm, [161]
Koste, m. Slav. Lat. firm, [161]
Kostja, m. Russ. Lat. firm, [161]
Kostusin, m. Pol. Lat. firm, [161]
Kotka, Ill. Slov. Lat. firm, [161]
Koulma, m. Bret. Lat. dove, [186]
Koulum, m. Bret. Lat. dove, [186]
Kowzma, m. Russ. Gr. order, [125]
Krasislav, m. Slav. Slav. fair glory, [443]
Krasimir, m. Slav. fair peace, [443],445
Krasomil, m. Slav. fair love, [443]
Kret, f. Esth. Gr. pearl, [121]
Krikshte, m. Ill. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kriemhild, f. Ger. Teu. helmet battle maid, [361]
Krispin, m. Dutch, Lat. curly, [162]
Krista, f. Swiss, Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristal, m. Ger. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristagis, m. Lett. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristoppis, m. Lett. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kriste, f. Lett. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristel, f. Ger. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristi, f. Esth. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristian, m. Swed. Ill. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristiane, f. Slav. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristijan, f. Slav. Gr. Christian 105
Kristina, f. Slav. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristinsch, m. Lett. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristof, m. Ill. Slav. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristofer, m. Swed. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristoffel, m. Swiss, Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristofor, m. Slov. Ill. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kristscho, m. Lus. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kristuppas, m. Lith. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Kroet, f. Esth. Gr. pearl, [121]
Kruschan, m. Gr. Christian, [105]
Krustinn, f. Bulg. Gr. Christian, [105]
Krustjo, m. Bulg. Gr. Christian, [105]
Kryspyn, m. Pol. Lat. curly, [162]
Kryslof, m. Pol. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Krystyan, m. Pol. Gr. Christian, [105]
Ksersas, m. Ill. Zend. venerable king, [56]
Kub, m. Lus. Pol. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Kuba, m. Pol. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Kubischu, m. Lett. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Kunel, m. Bav. Teu. bold speech, [424]
Kuhnhardt, m. Ger. Teu. bold and firm, [424]
Kuhnrat, m. Ger. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kunat, m. Lus. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kundel, f. Ger. Teu. bold war, [424]
Kunds, m. Ger. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kunigunde, f. Ger. Teu. bold war, [423]
Kunimund, m. Ger. Teu. bold protection, [423]
Kuno, m. Ger. Teu. bold, [424]
Kunrad, m. Bohm. Teu. bold speech 423
Kunrat, m. Russ. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kunsch, m. Slav. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kunz, m. Ger. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kupina, f. Ill. Slav. gooseberry, [438]
Kupjena, f. Ill. Slav. gooseberry, [438]
Kurt, m. Ger. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Kustas, m. Esth. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Kustav, m. Esth. Teu. Goth’s staff, [289]
Kwedders, m. Lett. Gr. divine gift, [182]
Kureish, m. Zend. sun (?), [56]
Kusteninn, m. Bret. Lat. firm, [161]
Kymbelin, m. Eng. Kelt. lord of the lion, [232]
Kygeir, m. Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [374]
Kythe.
Kyer, m. Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [374]
Kynan, m. Welsh, Kelt. chief, [247]
Kyriakos, m. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Kyrillos, m. Gr. lordly, [217]

Labrenzis, m. Lett. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lachlan, m. Scot. Kelt. warlike, [255]
Lachtna, m. Erse. Kelt. green, [256]
Lacko, m. Ill. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Laco, m. Ill. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Laczko, m. Hung. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Ladislao, m. Span. It. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Ladislas, m. Fr. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Ladislao, m. Port. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Ladislaus, m. Lat. Slav. ruling with fame, [442]
Laidrad, m. Ger. Teu. fierce speech, [418]
Laidwald, m. Ger. Teu. fierce power, [418]
Laidwig, m. Ger. Teu. fierce war, [418]
Lælia, f. Lat. [151]
Lælius, m. Lat. [151]
Lætitia, f. Eng. Lat. gladness, [192]
Lajos, m. Hung. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lala, f. Serv. Slav. tulip, [438]
Lalage, f. Lat. Gr. prattler, [463]
Lambert, m. Fr. Eng. Dutch, Ger. Teu. country’s brightness, [431]
Lambertine, f. Ger. Teu. country’s brightness, [431]
Lamberto, m. It. Teu. country’s brightness, [431]
Lambrecht, m. Ger. Teu. country’s brightness, [431]
Lamech, m. Eng. Heb. smitten.
Lammert, m. Dutch, Teu. country’s brightness, [431]
Lance, m. Eng. Lat. servant, [263]
Lancelot, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. servant, [263]
Lancilotto, m. It. Lat. servant, [263]
Landerich, m. Frank. Teu. land ruler, [431]
Landerico, m. Ital. Teu. land ruler, [431]
Landfranc, m. Eng. Teu. land free, [431]
Landfrang, m. Ger. Teu. land free, [431]
Landfried, m. Ger. Teu. land peace, [431]
Landinn, f. Ger. Fr. Teu. country, [431]
Lando, m. Ger. Teu. country, [431]
Landolf, m. Ger. Teu. country wolf, [431]
Landrad, m. Ger. Teu. country’s council, [431]
Landwin, m. Gr. Teu. country friend, [431]
Landfranco, m. It. Teu. country free, [431]
Lann, f. Erse, Kelt. sword.
Lantperaht, m. O. Ger. Teu. country’s brightness, [430]
Lanty, m. Ir. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laodamas, Gr. people’s tamer, [95]
Laodamia, f. It. Gr. people’s tamer, [95]
Laodike, f. Gr. people’s justice, [95]
Lapo, m. It. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Lara, f. Finn. Lat. famous, [185]
Laris, m. Fris. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Larkin, m. Eng. Lat. laurel, [174]
Larry, m. Ir. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lars, m. Dan. [174]
Larse, m. Swed. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lasar, m. Russ. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lasche, f. Lett. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lassair, f. Erse, Kelt. flame, [224]
Lassarfhina, f. Erse, Kelt. flame of wine, [224]
Lassla, m. Hung. ruling with fame, [442]
Latte, f. Lett. Teu. man, [386]
Launart, m. Fr. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Laur, m. Lapp. Esth. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laura, f. Eng. Ital. Ger. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laure, f. Fr. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurenza, f. Eng. Port. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurence, m. Eng. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurencho, m. Port. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurençya, f. Port. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurens, m. Nor. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurent, m. Fr. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurentia, f. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurentius, m. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laures, m. Lap. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lauretta, f. Eng. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurette, f. Fr. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurie, m. Scot. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lauris, m. Lett. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lauritz, m. Dan. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laurus, m. Esth. Lat. laurel, [174]
Laus, m. Esth. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Lav, m. Slov. Gr. lion, [77]
Lavinia, f. Eng. of Latium, [176]
Lavoslav, m. Slav. Slav. lion glory, [77]
Lavrentic, m. Wall. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lavrentij, m. Russ. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lavrentija, f. Russ. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lavrenzis, m. Lett. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lawise, f. Lett. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lawrence, m. Eng. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lazar, m. Ill. Hung. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazare, m. Fr. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazarillo, m. Span. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazaro, m. Span. It. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazarus, m. Lat. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazarro, m. It. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazarz, m. Pol. Heb. God will help, [33]
Laze, m. Ill. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazo, m. Ill. Heb. God will help, [33]
Lazzaro, m. It. Heb. God will help, [33]
Leah, f. Eng. Heb. weary, [7], [15]
Leander, m. Eng. Gr. lion man, [77]
Leandre, m. Fr. Gr. lion man, [77]
Leandro, m. It. Span. Gr. lion man, [77]
Leandros, m. Gr. Gr. lion man, [77]
Leăo, m. Port. Gr. lion, [77]
Lear, m. Eng. Kelt. sea, [229]
Lebbœus, m. Eng. Aram. praise, [20]
Lebrecht, m. Ger. live right, [468]
Lebwin, m. Ger. Teu. beloved friend, [426]
Lech, m. Pol. Slav, a woodland spirit.
Lechsinska, f. Pol. Slav. a woodland spirit.
Leger, m. Teu. people’s spear, [430]
Leen, m. Dutch, Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leendert, m. Dutch, Teu. lion strong, [77]
Left shoulder forward, m. Eng. [10], [463]
Leentje, f. Dutch, Heb. of Magdala, [31]
Leifr, m. Nor. relic, [332]
Leila, f. Moorish.
Leikny, f. Nor. Teu. fresh sport, [354]
Leiul, m. Nor. Teu. fierce wolf, [418]
Leisje, f. Dutch, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Leks, m. Slav. helper of men, [85]
Leli, f. Swiss, Heb. of Magdala, [30]
Lelia, f. It. Lat. [151]
Lelie, f. It. Lat. [151]
Lelio, m. It. Lat. [151]
Lelika, f. Slov. Gr. fair speech, [308]
Lena, f. Alb. Lett. Gr. light, [68]
Lemet, m. Esth. Lat. merciful, [161]
Lenardo, m. It. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lenort, m. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lenchen, f. Ger. Heb. of Magdala, [31], [68]
Lencica, f. Slov. Gr. light, [68]
Lendrts, m. Lett. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lene, f. Ger. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Lenhart, m. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lenia, f. Alb. Gr. light, [68]
Lenka, f. Slov. Gr. light, [68]
Lenny, m. Eng. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lenore, f. Ger. Gr. light, [68]
Leno, f. Esth. Gr. light, [68]
Lenz, m. Swiss, Lat. laurel, [174]
Leo, m. Ger. Span. Gr. lion, [76]
Leobgytha, f. A.S. Teu. love gift, [426]
Leobhard, m. Frank. Teu. love strength, [426]
Leocadia, f. Span. Gr. [77]
Leocadie, f. Span. Gr. [77]
Leodegarius, m. Lat. Teu. people’s spear, [430]
Leodowald, m. A.S. Teu. people’s power, [430]
Leofric, m. Eng. Teu. beloved rule, [426]
Leofistan, m. A.S. Teu. beloved stone, [426]
Leofwine, m. A.S. Teu. beloved friend, [426]
Leoline, m. Eng. Kelt. Lat. 280, [426]
Leon, m. It. Russ. Gr. lion, [76]
Leonard, m. Eng. It. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonarda, f. Span. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonarde, f. It. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonardine, f. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonardo, m. Rom. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Léonce, m. Fr. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leoncie, f. Fr. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leoncio, m. It. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leone, m. It. Gr. lion, [76]
Leongard, m. Russ. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonhard, m. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonhardine[Leonhardine], m. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leonidas, m. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leonie, f. Fr. Gr. lion, [77]
Leonor, f. Span. Gr. light, [68]
Leonora, f. It. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Leonore, f. Fr. Gr. light, [68]
Leontia, f. Lat. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leontij, m. Russ. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leontin, m. Ger. Fr. Gr. lion like, [77]
Leontine, f. Ger. Fr. lion like, [77]
Leontius, m. Lat. lion like, [77]
Leonz, m. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leopo, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [430]
Leopold, m. Ger. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [430]
Leopoldine, f. Ger. people’s prince, [430]
Leopoldo, m. Slav. It. Teu. people’s prince, [430]
Leovigildo, m. Span. Teu. love pledge, [426]
Leszek, m. Pol. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Letitia, f. Eng. Lat. gladness, [192]
Lettice, f. Eng. Lat. gladness, [192]
Lethard, m. Ger. Teu. fierce firmness, [418]
Lethild, f. Ger. Teu. fierce battle maid, [418]
Letizia, f. It. Lat. gladness, [192]
Leto, [64]
Let’y, f. Ir. Gr. truth, [126]
Letty, f. Eng. Lat. gladness, [192]
Leudomir, m. Frank. Teu. people’s fame, [430]
Leufroi, m. Gr. Teu. people’s peace, [430]
Leunairs, m. Fr. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Leupold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [430]
Leutgar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s spear, [429]
Leutgarde, f. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [430]
Leutpold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [429]
Lev, m. Pol. Slov. Gr. lion, [77]
Levi, m. Eng. Heb. joining, [7], [15]
Lew, m. Slav. Gr. lion, [77]
Levor, m. Nor. Teu. gate ward, [421]
Lewis, m. Eng. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lia, f. It. Heb. dependence, [15]
Libby, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Libusa, f. Bohm. Slav. darling, [443]
Lida, f. Bohm. Slav. people’s love, [432], [443]
Lidvard, m. Nor. Teu. gate ward, [421]
Lidwina, f. Bohm. Slav. people of Vina, [443]
Liebe, f. Flem. Ger. love, [426]
Liebhard, m. Ger. Teu. love strength, [426]
Liebtrud, f. Ger. Teu. love maiden, [426]
Liedulf, m. Nor. Teu. fierce wolf, [418]
Lienhardt, m. Bav. lion strength, [77]
Lienl, m. Ger. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lienzel, m. Russ. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Liert, m. Swiss, Teu. lion strength, [77]
Lieschen, f. Ger. Teu. famous, [405]
Lievina, f. Flem. Teu. love, [426]
Ligach, f. Gael. Kelt. pearly, [224]
Ligaire, m. Fr. Teu. people’s spear, [430]
Likelas, m. Bav. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Lilian, f. Eng. Lat. lily, [145]
Lilias, f. Scot. Lat. lily, [145]
Liliola, f. It. Lat. blind, [144]
Lilla, f. Eng. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Lilly, f. Eng. lily, [145]
Lina, f. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Line, f. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Linet, f. Eng. Kelt. shapely (?), [145]
Linnea, f. Nor. Teu. lime tree, [470]
Lintrude, f. Ger. Teu. serpent maid, [347]
Linuscha, f. Dant. Teu. man, [386]
Lionardo, m. It. Teu. lion strong, [77]
Lionel, m. Eng. Lat. lion, [77]
Lionello, m. It. Lat. little lion, [77]
Liovigotona, f. Span. Teu. love Goth, [426]
Lipo, m. Lus. Teu. remains of divinity, [288]
Lipp, m. Bav. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Lipp, m. Dant. Teu. relic of divinity, [288]
Lippa, m. Bav. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Lippo, m. It. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Lipsts, m. Lett. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Lisa, f. Dan. Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lisbet, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lisbeta, f. Lett. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lise, f. Ger. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Liserli, f. Swiss, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lisette, f. Fr. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lisilka, f. Russ. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lisi, f. Bav. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Liska, f. Lus. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Liso, f. Esth. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lisrl, f. Bav. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Liuba, f. Flem. Teu. love, [426]
Liutberga, f. Ger. Teu. people’s protection, [430]
Liutbert, m. Ger. Teu. people’s brightness, [430]
Liutfred, m. Ger. Teu. people’s peace, [430]
Liuthold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s firmness, [430]
Liutmar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s fame, [430]
Liutpold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s valour, [430]
Liutprand, m. Frank. Teu. people’s sword, [430]
Liuva, m. Span. Teu. love, [426]
Liza, f. Russ. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lizbeta, f. Slov. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lizbetha, f. Russ. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lizika, f. Slov. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lizzie, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Ljena, f. Albanian, Gr. light, [68]
Ljodold, m. Nor. Teu. people’s firmness, [430]
Ljot, m. Nor. Teu. people, [430]
Ljubica, f. Serv. Slav. love, [443]
Ljubima, f. Serv. Slav. love, [443]
Ljubka, f. Russ. Slav. love, [443]
Ljubmila, f. Slav. Slave, loving, [443]
Ljubomir, m. Slav. Slav. love peace, [443]
Ljuboslav, m. Slov. Slav. love glory, [443]
Ljubov, f. Russ. Slav. love, [443]
Ljudevit, m. Slov. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ljudomila, f. Slav. Slav. people’s love, [430]
Ljudomir, m. Slav. Slav. people’s peace, [430]
Lles, m. Welsh, Lat. light, [132]
Lleulu, f. Welsh, light, [132]
Lleurwg, m. Welsh, Kelt. light, [281]
Llew, m. Welsh, Kelt. lion.
Llew, m. Welsh, Kelt. light, [281]
Llewellyn, m. Eng. Kelt. lightning, [281]
Llewfer, m. Welsh, Lat. light, [281]
Llewrwg, f. Welsh, Lat. light, [76]
Llyr, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea, [230]
Lloyd, m. Eng. Kelt. grey, [230]
Llwyd, m. Welsh, Kelt. grey, [230]
Llywelwyn, m. Welsh, Kelt. lightning, [281]
Lobo, m. Port. Lat. wolf, [198]
Lodewick, m. Dutch, Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodoiska, f. Pol. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodovico, m. It. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodowick, m. Scot. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodowig, m. Ger. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodve, m. Nor. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lodward, m. Nor. Teu. famous guard, [405]
Loïs, m. Br. Teu. famous war, [405]
[Loiseach], m. Erse, Kelt. [133]
Loïz, m. Bret. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lola, f. Span. Teu. man, [386]
Lolotte, f. Fr. Teu. man, [386]
Lood, m. Dutch, Teu. famous war, [405]
Looys, m. Fr. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lope, m. Span. Lat. wolf, [198]
Lopko, m. Lus. Teu. God’s praise, [288]
Lopo, m. Lus. Teu. God’s praise, [288]
Lora, f. Eng. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lorenço, m. It. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lorenz, m. Ger. Dan. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lorenzo, m. It. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lori, m. Swiss, Lat. laurel, [174]
Lorinez, m. Hung. Lat. laurel, [174]
Loritz, m. Esth. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lorl, f. Ger. Gr. light, [174]
Lorus, m. Lith. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lot, m. Eng. Heb.
Lot, m. Eng. Kelt. lion, [281]
Lotario, m. Span. It. Teu. famous warrior, [407]
Lothaire, m. Fr. Teu. famous warrior, [407]
Lothar, m. Ger. Teu. famous warrior, [407]
Lothario, m. Eng. Teu. famous warrior, [407]
Lotta, f. Swed. Teu. man, [386]
Lotte, f. Ger. Teu. man, [386]
Lotty, f. Eng. Teu. man, [386]
Lotze, m. Ger. Teu. famous war, [407]
Louarn, m. Kelt. fox, [224], [242]
Louis, m. Fr. Teu. famous war, [405]
Louisa, f. Eng. Teu. famous war, [405]
Louise, f. Ger. Fr. Teu. famous war, [405]
Louison, f. Fr. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lova, f. Swed. Teu. famous war, [405]
Love, f. Eng. Teu. love, [464]
Loveday, f. Corn. Teu. love (?), [464]
Lovisa, f. Swed. Teu. famous war, [405]
Lovisje, f. Dutch, Teu. famous war, [405]
Lovra, f. m. Serv. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lovre, m. Slov. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lovrenika, f. Ill. Lat. laurel, [174]
Lowenhard, m. Frank. Teu. stern lion, [281]
Lowenclo, m. Bav. Teu. lion claw, [281]
Loys, m. Fr. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Lozoik, m. Prov. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Lubin, m. Ir. Eng. Teu. love friend, [426]
Lubomirski, m. Pol. Slav. loving peace, [443]
Luca, m. Fr. Lat. light, [133]
Luca, m. It. Lat. light, [133]
Lucanus, m. Gr. Lat. light, [133]
Lucas, m. Span. Lat. light, [133]
Luce, m. Fr. Lat. light, [133]
Lucia, f. It. Lat. light, [132]
Lucian, m. Eng. Lat. light, [133]
Luciana, f. It. Lat. light, [132]
Luciano, m. It. Lat. light, [133]
Lucianus, m. Lat. light, [133]
Lucie, f. Fr. Lat. light, [132]
Lucien, m. Fr. Lat. light, [133]
Lucienne, f. Fr. Lat. light, [132]
Lucifer, m. Eng. Lat. light bringer, [133]
Luciferus, m. Lat. Lat. light bringer, [133]
Lucile, f. Fr. Lat. light, [132]
Lucilla, f. Eng. Lat. light, [132]
Lucinda, f. Eng. Lat. light, [132]
Lucio, m. It. Lat. light, [133]
Lucius, m. Eng. Lat. light, [133]
Lucrece, f. Fr. Lat. gain (?), [134]
Lucretia, f. Eng. Lat. gain (?), [134]
Lucretius, m. Lat. gain (?), [134]
Lucrezia, f. It. Lat. gain (?), [134]
Lucy, f. Eng. Lat. light, [132]
Lucya, f. Pol. Lat. light, [132]
Lucza, f. Hung. Lat. light, [132]
Ludevic, m. Wall. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Ludgar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s spear, [430]
Ludi, m. Swiss, Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Ludmila, f. Ger. Slav. people’s love, [430], [442]
Ludolf, m. Ger. Teu. people’s wolf, [430]
Ludomilla, f. Ger. Slav. people’s love, [430]
Ludomir, m. Ger. Slav. people’s peace, [430]
Ludomir, m. Ger. Teu. famous greatness, [405]
Ludovic, m. Wall. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Ludovica, f. Swed. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Ludovick, m. Scot. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Ludovico, m. It. Teu. famous holiness, [406]
Ludovicus, m. Lat. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludovike, f. Ger. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludvig, m. Swed. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludvik, m. Pol. Bohm. Slov. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludvika, f. Pol. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludvis, m. Pol. Teu. famous war, [405]
Ludvisia, f. Pol. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luanmaisi, f. Erse, Kelt. fair as the moon, [224]
Lughaid, m. Erse, Kelt. light (?), [133]
Luigi, m. It. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luis, m. Port. Span. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luisa, f. Span. Port. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luise, f. Ger. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luitbert, m. Ger. Teu. people’s brightness, [430]
Luitberga, f. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [430]
Luitbrand, m. Ger. Teu. people’s sword, [430]
Luitger, m. Ger. Teu. people’s spear, [430]
Luitgarde, f. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [430]
Luithard, m. Ger. Teu. people’s firmness, [430]
Luitmar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s fame, [430]
Luitpold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s valour, [430]
Luiza, f. Port. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luizinha, f. Port. Teu. famous war, [405]
Luka, m. Russ. Wall. Lat. light, [133]
Lukacz, m. Hung. Lat. light, [134]
Lukas, m. Ger. Bohm. Lat. light, [133]
Lukasch, m. Lus. Lat. light, [134]
Lukaschk, m. Lus. Lat. light, [134]
Lukasz, m. Slav. Pol. Lat. light, [134]
Luke, m. Eng. Lat. light, [133]
Lukez, m. Slov. Lat. light, [134]
Luned, f. Welsh, Kelt. shapely (?), [273]
Lunette, f. Fr. Kelt. shapely (?), [273]
Lupo, m. Ital. Lat. wolf, [198]
Lupus, m. Lat. wolf, [198]
Lusche, f. m. Lett. Teu. famous holiness, [405]
Luther, m. Ger. Teu. famous warrior, [405]
Lutters, m. Lett. Teu. famous warrior, [405]
Luzia, f. Rom. Lat. light, [132]
Luzian, m. Russ. Lat. light, [133]
Luziano, m. It. Lat. light, [133]
Luzija, f. Russ. Lat. light, [133]
Luzio, m. It. Lat. light, [133]
Lycos, m. Gr. wolf.
Lycurgus, m. Lat. Gr. wolf driver.
Lydia, f. Eng. Gr. of Lydia, [200]
Lyntje, f. Dutch, Gr. light, [132]
Lys, f. Dutch, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lysje, f. Dutch, Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Lyulf, m. Scot. Teu. fierce wolf, [418]

Maatfred, m. Ger. Teu. mighty peace, [422]
Maatulf, m. Ger. Teu. mighty wolf, [422]
Mab, f. Ir. Kelt. mirth (?), [258]
Mabel, f. Eng. Lat. beloved, [258]
Mabelle, f. Fr. Lat. beloved, [258]
Macaire, m. Ir. Gr. happy, [447]
Macario, m. It. Gr. happy, [447]
Macbeath, m. Gael. Kelt. son of life, [253]
Macbeth, m. Scot. Kelt. son of life, [253]
Mace, m. Fr. Aram. gift of the Lord, [15]
Machtild, f. Ger. Teu. mighty heroine, [422]
Makarios, blessed, Gr. [447]
Macias, m. Span. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Maciej, m. Pol. Aram. gift of the Lord, [15]
Macsen, m. Welsh, Lat. greatest, [167]
Madawc, m. Welsh, Kelt. beneficent, [227]
Maddalena, f. Ital. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Maddalene, f. Lett. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madde, f. Pol. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madeleine, f. Fr. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madelena, f. Span. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madeline, f. Eng. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madelina, f. Russ. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madelon, f. Fr. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Maddis, m. Esth. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Madge, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Madlen, f. Bav. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madlena, f. Slov. Lus. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madlenka, f. Lus. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madli, f. Esth. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madlyna, f. Lith. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Madoc, m. Eng. Kelt. beneficent, [227]
Madoc, f. m. Welsh, Kelt. beneficent, [227]
Mads, m. Dan. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Madsche, f. Lett. Ger. pearl, [121]
Madwg, m. Welsh, Kelt. beneficent, [227]
Mael, m. Ir. Kelt. disciple, [259]
Maelbridh, m. Erse, Kelt. disciple of St. Bridget, [259]
Maelclulth, m. Erse, Kelt. youth of the game, [261]
Maelcoluin, m. Gael. Kelt. disciple of Columba, [261]
Maeldearg, m. Erse, Kelt. red chief, [261]
Maeldog, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of the star, [261]
Maeldubh, m. Erse, Kelt. black chief, [261]
Maelduine, m. Gael. Kelt. brown chief, [261]
Maeleoin, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of John, [261]
Maelfhionn, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Finn, [261]
Maelgwas, m. Cym. Kelt. chief, [261]
Maelgwn, m. Cym. Kelt. chief, [261]
Maeliosa, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Jesus, [261]
Maelmordna, m. Erse, Kelt. majestic chief, [261]
Maelpatraic, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Patrick, [261]
Maelruadh, m. Erse, Kelt. [261]
Maelseachlain, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of Secundus, [261]
Maffea, f. Ital. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Maffeo, m. Ital. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mag, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maga, f. Swiss, Heb. bitter, [29]
Magan, m. Nor. Teu. power, [422]
Magdalen, f. Eng. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdalena, f. Russ. Span. Port. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdalene, f. Ger. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdeleine, f. Fr. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdelina, f. Russ. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdolna, f. Hung. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magdosia, f. Pol. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Magge, f. Lett. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maggie, f. Scot. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maginbert, m. Ger. Teu. mighty brightness, [422]
Maginfried, m. Ger. Teu. mighty peace, [422]
Maginhild, f. Nor. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Magmild, f. Nor. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Magnus, m. Nor. Lat. great, [166]
Magsheesh, m. Erse, Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mahault, f. Fr. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Mahe, m. Bav. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mahon, m. Erse, Kelt. bear, [257]
Mahthild, f. Ger. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Mai, f. Esth. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maida, [464]
Maidoc, m. Ir. Kelt. beneficent, [227]
Maie, f. Esth. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Maie, f. Esth. Gr. bitter, [29]
Maieli, f. Swiss, Heb. bitter, [29]
Maije, f. Lett. Gr. pearl, [122]
Maika, f. Russ. bitter, [29]
Maillard, f. Cambrai. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mainfroi, m. Fr. mighty peace, [321]
Mainfroy, m. Eng. mighty peace, [321]
Maion, f. Fr. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mair, f. Welsh, Heb. [29]
Mairgreg, Erse, Gr. pearl, [121]
Maisie, f. Scot. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maja, f. Swiss, Heb. bitter, [29]
Majken, f. Swed. Heb. bitter, [29]
Maksa, f. m. Ill. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maksica, f. Ill. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maksimilian, m. Russ. Lat. greatest Æmilian, [166]
Maksymilian, m. Pol. Lat. greatest Æmilian, [166]
Mal, f. Dutch, Teu. work, [330]
Mal, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mal, f. Esth. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Malachi, m. Eng. Heb. angel of the Lord, [52]
Malaleel, m. Eng. Heb. shining of God.
Malberg, f. Nor. work protection, [331]
Malchen, f. Ger. Teu. work, [330]
Malcolm, m. Scot. Kelt. servant of Columba, [261]
Male, f. Ger. Teu. work, [330]
Malfrid, f. Nor. Teu. fair work, [330]
Malgherita, f. It. Gr. pearl, [121]
Malgorzata, f. Pol. Gr. pearl, [121]
Malgosia, f. Pol. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mali, f. Kaffir, Heb. bitter, [29]
Malise, m. Scot. Kelt. disciple of Jesus, [260]
Malk, m. Esth. Pers. king, [211]
Malkin, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Maltrud, f. Nor. Teu. workmaid, [330]
Malvina, f. Gael. Kelt. handmaid (?), [250]
Malvine, f. Fr. Kelt. handmaid (?), [250]
Manasseh, m. Eng. Heb. forgetting, [24]
Manasses, m. Lat. Heb. forgetting, [24]
Manda, f. Lat. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Mandelina, f. Serv. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Mandurrath, m. Cym. Kelt. man of black treason, [224]
Manfred, m. Eng. Teu. mighty peace, [421]
Manfredi, m. It. Teu. mighty peace, [421]
Manna, f. Bav. Heb. bitter grace, [29]
Manna, m. Lapp. Lat. great, [327]
Mannas, m. Lapp. Lat. great, [327]
Manoel, m. Port. Heb. God with us, [36]
Manon, m. Fr. Heb. bitter, [29]
Manovello, m. It. Heb. God with us, [36]
Manuel, m. Fr. Eng. Span. Heb. God with us, [36]
Manuelita, f. Span. Heb. God with us, [36]
Manuelito, m. Span. Heb. God with us, [36]
Manus, m. Dutch, Teu. public, [327]
Manus, m. Irish, Lat. great, [327]
Mael Eoin, m. Er. Heb. disciple of John, [260]
Mara, f. Lus. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marc, m. Fr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marca, f. Ger. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcel, m. Fr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcella, f. Ir. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcelli, f. Fr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcellianus, m. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcellin, m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcellino, m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcello, m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcellus, Lat. of Mars, [135]
March, m. Erse, Kelt. horse, [275]
Marchell, Welsh, Lat. horse, [275]
Marcia, f. Ir. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcian, m. Ger. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marciano, m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcianus, m. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcie, f. Fr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcin, m. Pol. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcius, m. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marco, m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcos, m. Span. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marcus, m. Eng. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Mare, Lith. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mareiel, Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mareili, Swiss, Heb. bitter, [29]
Marek, Pol. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Maret, f. Dan. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marete, f. Lett. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marenze, f. Lett. Lat. deserving, [190]
Marczi, m. Hung. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marfa, f. Russ. Heb. becoming bitter, [32]
Margaret, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margareta, f. Hung. Ger. Pol. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarete, f. Swiss, Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarethe, f. Ger. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarida, f. Port. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarita, f. Span. Russ. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarite, f. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margarith, f. Dutch, Gr. pearl, [121]
Margery, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marget, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margherita, f. It. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marghet, Ger. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margit, f. Hung. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margot, f. Fr. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margoton, f. Fr. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margrete, f. Lett. Gr. pearl, [121]
Margryta, f. Lith. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marguerite, f. Fr. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mari, f. Hung. Irish, Heb. bitter, [29]
Maria, f. (Universal) Heb. bitter, [29]
Marialit, f. Jew. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mariam, f. Gr. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariamna, f. Russ. Heb. bitter grace, [29]
Mariamne, f. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariana, f. Port. Span. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariane, f. Ger. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marica, f. Ill. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marie, f. Ger. Fr. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariedel, f. Slav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marieke, f. Dutch, Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariel, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marietta, f. It. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariette, f. It. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marija, f. Russ. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marike, f. L. Ger. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marina, f. It. Lat. marine, [203]
Marinha, f. Span. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marino, f. It. Lat. marine, [203]
Mario, f. m. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marion, f. Fr. Scot. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariquinhas, f. Port. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mariquita, f. Port. Heb. bitter, [29]
Maritornes, f. Span. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marius, m. Lat. of Mars, [135]
[Marl], f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marja, f. Lapp. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marjarita, Slav. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marjeta, Slav. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marjeta, f. Slov. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marjorie, f. Scot. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mark, m. Eng. Russ. Esth. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marka, f. Hung. Heb. bitter, [121]
Markell, m. Russ. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Markellin, m. Russ. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marko, m. Wall. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Markos, m. Gr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Markota, f. Bohm. Gr. pearl, [131]
Markulf, m. Ger. Teu. border wolf, [426]
Markus, m. Hung. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Markusch, m. Lus. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Markward, m. Ger. Teu. border ward, [426]
Markwin, m. Ger. Teu. border friend, [426]
Marl, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marlena, f. Lus. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Marmaduke, m. Eng. Kelt. sea leader (?), [281]
Marquard, m. Fr. Teu. border ward, [425]
Marret, f. Esth. Gr. pearl, [121]
Marri, f. Esth. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marrije, f. Lett. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marsali, f. Gael. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mart, m. Esth. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marta, f. It. Boh. Heb. becoming bitter, [31]
Marten, m. Swed. Dutch, Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martha, f. Hung. Eng. Port. Heb, becoming bitter, [31]
Marthe, f. Fr. Heb. becoming bitter, [31]
Marthon, f. Fr. Heb. becoming bitter, [31]
Martia, m. Swiss, Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martijn, m. Dutch, Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martili, m. Swiss, Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martin, m. Fr. Russ. Eng. Port. Slov. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martina, f. Eng. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martine, f. Fr. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martinho, m. Port. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martino, m. Span. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martinus, m. Ger. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martius, m. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martoni, m. Hung. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martschis, m. Lett. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Martyn, m. Eng. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Maruscha, f. Lus. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marusche, f. Lett. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marute, f. Lett. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mary, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marya, f. Pol. Heb. bitter, [29]
Maryke, f. Lith. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marynia, f. Pol. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marysia, f. Pol. Heb. bitter, [29]
Marzellin, m. Russ. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marzia, f. It. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Marzocco, m. Ven. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Masaccio, m. Ital. Aram. twin, [22]
Masaniello, m. Ital. Aram. Ger. twin, [22]
Mascha, f. Russ. Heb. bitter, [29]
Masche, f. Lett. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maschinka, f. Russ. Heb. bitter, [29]
Maso, m. It. Aram. twin, [22]
Massimiliano, m. It. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Massimo, m. It. Lat. greatest, [166]
Massuccio, m. It. Aram. twin, [22]
Mat, m. Eng. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mateo, Span. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mate, Hung. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mataus, m. Bohm. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mateusz, m. Pol. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matfei, m. Russ. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matevz, m. Slov. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mathe, m. Bav. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Math-ghamhain, m. Erse, Kelt. bear, [257]
Mathia, m. Wall. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mathias, m. Swed. Fr. Swiss, Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mathieu, m. Prov. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15], [257]
Mathilda, m. Hung. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Mathilde, f. Ger. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Matija, m. Serv. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matilda, f. Eng. It. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Matilde, f. Fr. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Mattaniah, m. Eng. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mats, m. Swed. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mattea, f. It. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matteo, m. It. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthäus, m. Ger. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthes, m. Ger. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthew, m. Eng. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthia, m. Ger. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthies, m. Fr. Bav. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthieu, m. Port. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthias, m. Eng. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthis, m. Ger. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matthys, m. Dutch, Lett. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mattia, m. Ital. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Mattija, m. Slov. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matty, f. Eng. Heb. becoming bitter, [15]
Matty, f. Eng. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Matvei, m. Russ. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Matyas, m. Pol. Hung. Heb. gift of the Lord, [15]
Maude, f. Eng. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Maudlin, f. Eng. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Maun, f. Eng. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Mauna, m. Lapp. Lat. great, [166]
Maunes, m. Lapp. Lat. great, [166]
Maur, m. Fr. Lat. dark, [200]
Maura, f. It. Ger. Lat. dark, [200]
Maure, f. Fr. Lat. dark, [200]
Maurice, m. Fr. Eng. Lat. Moorish, [201]
Mauricio, m. Port. Span. Lat. Moorish, [201]
Maurids, m. Dan. Lat. Moorish, [201]
Mauritius, m. Lat. Moor, [201]
Maurits, m. Dutch, Lat. Moor, [201]
Maurizio, m. Ital. Lat. Moor, [201]
Mauro, m. Rom. Lat. Moor, [201]
Maurus, m. Lat. Moor, [201]
Maurycij, m. Pol. Lat. Moor, [201]
Mave, f. Irish, Kelt. mirth (?), [258]
Mavia, f. Russ. Lat. dark, [201]
Mavritij, m. Russ. Lat. dark, [201]
Mavruscha, f. Russ. Lat. dark, [201]
Mawkin, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Max, m. Ger. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maxa, f. Ger. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maxime, m. Fr. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maximien, m. Fr. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maximilian, m. Ger. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Maximiliane, f. Ger. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Maximiliao, m. Port. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Maximilien, m. Fr. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Maximus, m. Lat. greatest, [166]
Maxl, m. Bav. Lat. greatest Æmilianus, [166]
Mawdwen, f. Cym. Kelt. mannerly, [271]
May, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
May, f. Scot. Gr. pearl, [121]
Maynard, m. Eng. Teu. mighty firmness, [421]
Mayne, m. Eng. Teu. mighty, [421]
Mazalein, f. Pro. Heb. of Magdala, [32]
Meadhbh, f. Erse, Kelt. mirth, [258]
Meaghar, m. Erse, Kelt. merry, [259]
Meara, m. Irish, Kelt. merry, [259]
Meave, f. Erse, Kelt. mirth (?), [259]
Mechel, f. Bav. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Mechtild, f. Bav. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Medal, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Médé, f. Fr. my delight, [196]
Meews, m. L.G. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Meg, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Meginhard, m. Ger. Teu. mighty firmness, [421]
Meginheri, m. Ger. Teu. mighty warrior, [421]
Mehaut, f. Fr. Teu. mighty battle maid, [421]
Mehetabel, f. Eng. Heb. beneficent, [26]
Meinbern, m. Ger. Teu. mighty bear, [421]
Meinbert, m. Ger. Teu. mighty brightness, [421]
Meinbot, m. Ger. Teu. mighty commander, [421]
Meinfred, m. Ger. Teu. mighty peace, [421]
Meinhard, m. Ger. Teu. mighty firmness, [421]
Meino, m. Ger. Teu. mighty, [421]
Meinolf, m. Ger. Teu. mighty wolf, [421]
Meinrad, m. Ger. Teu. mighty council, [421]
Meinward, m. Ger. Teu. mighty guard, [421]
Meirchawn, m. Pict. Kelt.
Meiriadwg, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea protector, [280]
Mekel, m. L. Ger. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Melanell, f. m. Eng. Kelt. honey (?), [282]
Melania, f. Eng. It. Gr. black, [70]
Melanie, f. Fr. Gr. black, [70]
Melany, f. Eng. Gr. black, [70]
Melchior, m. Span. Ger. Pers. king, [211]
Melchiore, m. It. Pers. king, [211]
Melchiorre, m. It. Pers. king, [211]
Melchisedec, m. Eng. Heb. king of righteousness, [15]
Meletius, m. Lat. honied, [282]
Melicent, f. Eng. Teu. work strength, [330]
Melicerte, f. Fr. Teu. work strength, [330]
Melior, f. Eng. Lat. better, [193]
Melisenda, f. Span. Teu. work strength, [330]
Melissa, f. It. Eng. Lat. bee, [80]
Melisse, f. Fr. Lat. bee, [80]
Melite, f. Fr. Lat. bee, [80]
Melitus, m. Lat. honied, [80]
Melony, f. Eng. Gr. dark, [70]
Melusina, f. Eng. Teu. work strength, [80], [330]
Melusine, f. Fr. Ger. Teu. work strength, [80], [330]
Melva, m. Eng. Kelt. chief, [262]
Memba, m. Fris. Teu. mighty bear, [421]
Memmo, m. Fris. Teu. mighty bear, [421]
Mencia, f. Span. Lat. Sunday child (?), or adviser (?), [218]
Mendez, m. Span. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Menica, f. It. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Menico, m. It. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Menie, f. Scot. Heb. bitter, [29]
Menno, m. Ger. Teu. mighty strength, [421]
Meno, m. Ger. Teu. mighty strength, [421]
Mens, m. Ger. Lat. merciful, [160]
Mente, m. Ger. Lat. merciful, [160]
Mentzel, m. Ger. Lat. merciful, [160]
Menz, m. Dan. Lat. merciful, [160]
Menz, Serv. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Menzel, Serv. Lat. Sunday child, [218]
Meo, m. It. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Meraud, f. Eng. Gr. emerald, [125]
Mercede, f. It. Lat. favours, [30]
Mercedes, f. Span. Lat. favours, [30]
Mercy, f. Eng.
Merddhin, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea hill, [280]
Meredith, m. Eng. Kelt. sea protector, [280]
Merewine, m. A.S. Teu. famed friend, [425]
Meriadoc, m. Bret. Kelt. sea protector, [280]
Merica, f. Eng. Teu. work rule, [330]
Merich, m. Ger. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Merrik, m. Ger. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Merlin, m. Eng. Fr. Kelt. sea hill, [280]
Merlino, m. It. Kelt. sea hill, [280]
Merohelm, m. A.S. Teu. famed helm, [425]
Merovée, m. Fr. Teu. famed war, [425]
Meroveus, m. Lat. Teu. famed war, [425]
Merowald, m. A.S. Teu. famed power, [425]
Mertil, m. Ger. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Mertin, m. Bav. Lat. of Mars, [135]
Meriel, f. Eng. Gr. myrrh, [125]
Meroveh, m. Frank. Teu. famed holiness, [425]
Merovine, m. A.S. Teu. famed, [425]
Mervyn, m. Eng. Kelt. sea hill, [280]
Mesdélices, f. Fr. my delight, [196]
Meta, f. Ger. Ger. pearl, [121]
Mete, f. Ger. Gr. pearl, [121]
Metelill, f. Dan. pearl, [121]
Methusalem, m. Eng. Heb. man of the dart.
Metje, f. Dutch, Gr. pearl, [121]
Metrophanes, m. Ger. Slav. fire glory (?), [440]
Mette, f. Dan. Gr. pearl, [121]
Meurisse, m. Fr. Lat. Moor, [201]
Meuriz, m. Welsh, Lat. Moor, [201]
Mewes, m. Ger. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Meyrick, m. Eng. Teu. work ruler, [330]
Micah, m. Eng. Heb. who is like the Lord, [54]
Micha, m. Ger. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michael, m. Ger. Eng. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaella, f. It. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaele, f. m. It. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaeline, f. Ger. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaelis, m. Ger. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaïl, m. Russ. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michaila, m. Russ. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michal, m. Bohm. Pol. Lus. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michau, m. Fr. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michée, m. Fr. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michej, m. Russ. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michel, m. Fr. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michele, m. It. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michelle, m. Fr. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Micheltje, m. Dutch, Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michiel, m. Dutch, Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Michon, m. Fr. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mick, m. Ir. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mickel, m. Swed. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miedal, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mieke, f. Dutch, Heb. bitter, [29]
Miel, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mieli, f. Swiss, Heb. [29]
Mieral, f. Bav. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mies, m. Swiss, Heb. exalted of the Lord, [49]
Mietje, f. Dutch, Heb. bitter, [29]
Miguel, m. Span. Port. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miguela, f. Port. Span. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miha, m. Slov. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mihail, m. Wall. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mihal, m. Slov. Hung. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mihaly, m. Hung. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miho, m. Serv. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mija, f. Swiss, Heb. bitter, [29]
Mijailo, m. Serv. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mik, m. Esth. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikael, m. Swed. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikas, m. Swed. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mike, f. Dutch, Heb. bitter, [29]
Mikel, m. Esth. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikelina, f. Russ. Lett. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikkas, m. Lett. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikke, m. Lett. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mikkeles, m. Lith. Lett. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miklaoz, m. Slav. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Miklaos, m. Lus. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Mikli, m. Esth. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Miklos, m. Hung. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Mikolaj, m. Pol. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Mikulas, m. Bohm. Gr. people’s victory, [90]
Mila, f. Slav. Slav. lovely, [444]
Mila, f. Lus. Lat. work (?), [141]
Milan, m. Bret. Gr. crusher, [97]
Milan, f. m. Slov. Lat. lovely, [97]
Milari, m. Slov. Lat. cheerful, [191]
Milborough, f. Eng. Teu. mild pledge, [427]
Milburga, f. Lat. Teu. mild pledge, [427]
Milcah, f. Eng. Heb. queen.
Mildburh, f. A.S. Teu. mild pledge, [427]
Mildgyth, f. A.S. Teu. mild gift, [427]
Mildred, f. Eng. Teu. mild threatener, [427]
Mildreda, f. Lat. Teu. mild threatener, [427]
Mildrid, f. Dan. Teu. mild threatener, [427]
Mildthryth, f. A.S. Teu. mild threatener, [427]
Miles, m. Eng. Gr. crusher, [97]
Milhan, m. Span. Lat. affable, [141]
Milica, f. Slov. Slav. love, [444]
Milicent, f. Eng. Teu. work strength.
Milidh, m. Erse, Kelt. warrior, [97]
Milivo, m. Slav. Slav. love war, [444]
Miljo, m. Serv. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Milka, m. Lus. Lat. work or affable, [141]
Millicent, m. Eng. Teu. work strength, [330]
Millica, f. Ill. Heb. bitter, [29], [444]
Milly, f. Eng. Teu. work strength, [330]
Milo, m. Lat. Gr. crusher, [97]
Milon, m. Fr. & Gr. Gr. crusher, [97]
Milone, m. Ital. Gr. crusher, [97]
Miloslav, m. Slov. Slav. love glory, [441]
Mimi, f. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Mimmeli, f. Swiss, Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Mine, f. Ger. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Minella, f. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Minervina, f. Lat. of Minerva, [171]
Minette, f. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Minka, f. Pol. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Minne, f. Ger. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Minna, f. Scot. Teu. memory.
Minne, f. Ger. Teu. memory.
Minnehaha, f. Red Indian, laughing water.
Miranda, f. Eng. Lat. to be admired.
Miriam, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Mirko, m. Slov. Teu. work rule, [331]
Miroslav, f. Slav. peace glory, [442]
Misa, m. Serv. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mischa, m. Russ. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mischenka, m. Russ. Heb. who is like God, [54]
Miska, m. Serv. Hung. Heb. who is like to God, [54]
Mistislaus, m. Lat. Slav. avenging glory, [441]
Mitar, m. Serv. Ill. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Mithridates, m. Gr. Pers. given to the sun.
Mitra, f. Slav. Gr. of Demeter, [69]
Mitrofan, m. Russ. fire glory (?), [440]
Mladen, m. Serv. Slav. young, [445]
Modestine, f. Fr. Lat. modest, [193]
Modestus, m. Lat. modest, [193]
Modesty, f. Eng. Lat. [193]
Medwenna, f. Welsh, Kelt. [271]
Moedog, m. Erse, Kelt. servant of the star, [227]
Moggy, m. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Mogue, m. Erse, Kelt. amiable, [227]
Moina, f. Scot. Kelt. soft.
Moise, m. Fr. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Moises, m. Port. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Moisi, m. Wall. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Moissej, m. Russ. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Moissey, f. Manx, Heb. bitter, [29]
Mojsia, m. Serv. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mojsilo, m. Serv. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mojzesz, m. Pol. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mojzisch, m. Boh. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mojzija, m. Slov. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Molde, f. Eng. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Molly, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Monacella, f. Lat. little nun, [282]
Moncha, f. Erse, Lat. adviser, [218]
Monegonde, f. Flem. Heb. thoughtful war.
Mongfinn, f. Erse, Kelt. fair haired.
Moni, f. Swab. Lat. adviser, [218]
Monica, f. It. Eng. Lat. adviser (?), [218]
Monike, f. Ger. Lat. adviser, [218]
Monique, f. Fr. Lat. adviser, [218]
Moore, f. Scot. Kelt. great, [258]
Mor, f. Erse, Kelt. great, [258]
Morag, f. Scot. Kelt. great, [258]
Morets, m. Dan. Lat. moor, [280]
Morgance, f. m. French, Kelt. sea dweller, [280]
Morgan, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea dweller, [280]
Morgana, f. Eng. Kelt. sea dweller, [280]
Morgue, f. Fr. Kelt. sea dweller, [280]
Morgwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. sea lady, [280]
Morgwn, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea dweller, [280]
Moric, m. Bohm. Slov. Lat. Moor, [201]
Moricz, m. Hung. Lat. Moor, [201]
Moritz, m. Dan. Lat. Moor, [201]
Moritz, m. Ger. Lat. Moor, [201]
Moriz, m. Russ. Lat. Moor, [201]
Morman, m. Bret. Kelt. sea man, [201]
Morna, f. Scot. Kelt. beloved (?), [251]
Morolt, m. Eng. Kelt. sea protection, [280]
Morough, m. Ir. Kelt. sea protection, [280]
Morris, m. Ir. Lat. Moor, [201]
Mortough, m. Ir. Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Morty, m. Ir. Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Morven, m. Bret. Kelt. sea man, [280]
Morvren, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea raven, [280]
Morvryn, m. Welsh, Kelt. sea hill, [280]
Mose, m. It. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Moses, m. Eng. Ger. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mote Mahal, f. Arab. pearl of the harem, [2]
Mousa, m. Arab. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mozes, m. Dutch, Slov. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mozses, m. Hung. Heb. drawn out, [27]
Mrena, f. Serv. Slav. white in the eyes, [445]
Mros, m. Lus. Gr. immortal, [109]
Mrosk, m. Lus. Gr. immortal, [109]
Mstislav, m. Slav. avenging glory, [441]
Muircheartach, m. Erse, Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Muireradhach, m. Erse, Kelt. sea protector, [280]
Muirgis, m. Erse, Kelt. sea, [280].
Mukkel, m. Bav. Slov. helpless, [43]
Mukki, m. Bav. Slov. helpless, [43]
Mun, m. Eng. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Muna, f. Span. Basque, [460]
Munghu, m. Gael. Kelt. loveable, [258]
Mungo, m. Scot. Kelt. loveable, [258]
Munila, f. Span. Basque, [460]
Muno, m. Span. Basque, [460]
Murdoch, m. Scot. Kelt. sea protector, [280]
Muriel, f. Eng. Gr. myrrh, [125]
Murphy, m. Ir. Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Murrin, f. Erse, Kelt. long haired, [100]
Murtagh, m. Ir. Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Murtough, m. Fr. Kelt. sea warrior, [280]
Musidora, f. Eng. Gr. gift of the Muses, [72]
Myles, m. Ir. Gr. crusher, [77]
Myne, Lith. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Mynette, Lith. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Myra, f. Eng.
Mysic, f. Scot. Gr. pearl, [121]
Myvanwy, f. Welsh, Kelt. 279

Naatje, f. Dutch, Heb. grace, [42]
Nace, m. Slov. Lat. fiery, [194]
Nada, f. Serv. Slav. hope, [439]
Nadan, f. Serv. Slav. hope, [439]
Nadezna, f. Russ. Slav. hope, [439]
Nadine, f. Fr. Slav. hope, [439]
Nafaniel, m. Russ. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Nahum, m. Eng. Heb. comfort, [51]
Nan, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Nancy, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Nandel, m. Ger. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Nanette, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Nani, f. Hung. Heb. grace, [42]
Nanna, f. Nor. Teu. bold, [304]
Nanna, f. It. Heb. grace, [42]
Nanneli, f. Swiss, Heb. grace, [42]
Nannerl, f. Bav. Heb. grace, [42]
Nanni, m. Ital. Heb. the Lord’s grace, [45]
Nanno, m. Fris. Teu. bold, [304]
Nannon, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Nannos, m. Gr. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Nanny, f. Eng. Heb. grace, [42]
Nanon, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Nanty, m. Scot. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Naomi, f. Eng. Heb. pleasant, [28]
Nap, m. Eng. Lat. of the new city, [200]
Naphthali, m. Eng. Heb. wrestling, [7]
Napo, m. Ger. Lat. of the new city, [200]
Napoleon, m. Fr. Gr. of the new city, [200]
Napoleone, m. It. Gr. of the new city, [200]
Napolio, m. It. Gr. of the new city, [200]
Narcisse, m. Fr. Gr. daffodil, [81]
Narcissus, m. Eng. Gr. daffodil, [81]
Narkiss, m. Russ. Gr. daffodil, [81]
Nastagio, f. m. It. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Nastassja, f. Russ. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Naste, f. m. Lett. Lat. Christmas child, [210]
Nastenka, f. Russ. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Nat, m. Eng. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Natale, m. It. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Natalia, f. It. Span. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Natalie, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Natalija, f. Russ. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Natalita, f. Span. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Natanaelle, m. It. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Natascha, f. Russ. Lat. Christmas child, [209]
Nataschenka, f. Russ. Lat. Christmas child, [210]
Nathan, m. Eng. Heb. gift, [25]
Nathanael, m. Eng. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Nathanial, m. Wall. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Nathaniel, m. Fr. Heb. gift of God, [25]
Natividad, f. Span. Lat. birth, [209]
Navarino, m. Eng.
Nazji, m. Bav. Lat. fiery, [194]
Nazarene, m. Ger. Heb. of Nazareth, [39]
Naze, m. Bav. Lat. fiery, [194]
Nazel, m. Bav. Lat. fiery, [194]
Neal, m. Ir. Kelt. chief, [240]
Neapolio, m. It. Gr. of the new city, [200]
Neapoleon, m. It. Gr. of the new city, [200]
Necek, m. Slov. Gr. man, [86]
Ned, m. Eng. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Neda, f. Bulg. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Nedan, m. Bulg. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Nedelko, m. Bulg. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Nedeljka, f. Bulg. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Nedelschko, m. Ill. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Nedo, m. Ill. Slav. Sunday, [218]
Neeldje, m. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [314]
Nehemiah, m. Eng. Heb. comfort of the Lord, [51]
Neidhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm compulsion, [418]
Neill, m. Gadhael. Kelt. champion, [240]
Nelle, f. Dutch, Lat. horn (?), [146]
Nelle, f. Ger. Gr. stone, [108]
Nelly, f. Eng. Gr. light, [68]
Neot, m. A.S. compulsion, [418]
Nepomucen, m. Pol. Slav. helpless, [43]
Nepomuk, m. Bohm. Slav. helpless, [43]
Nese, f. Lett. Gr. pure, [119]
Nesle, m. Fr. Lat. black, [168]
Nessie, f. Manx, Gr. pure, [119]
Nest, f. Welsh, Gr. pure, [119]
Neto, f. Esth. Gr. pure, [119]
Neza, f. Slov. Gr. pure, [119]
Nezica, f. Slov. Gr. pure, [119]
Nial, m. Nor. Kelt. champion, [240]
Nib, f. Eng. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Nicholas, m. Eng. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nichon, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Nick, m. Eng. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nickel, m. Bav. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicodème, m. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicodemus, m. Eng. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicol, m. Scot. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicola, m. It. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolaas, m. Dutch, Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolas, m. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolau, m. Port. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicole, m. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolette, f. Fr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolina, f. Gr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nicolo, m. Ital. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nidbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright compelling, [418]
Nidhert, m. Ger. Teu. firm compelling, [418]
Niels, m. Scot. Kelt. champion, [240]
Niel, m. Dan. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nigel, m. Scot. Lat. black, [168], [241]
Nigellus, m. Lat. black, [168]
Niger, m. Lat. black, [168]
Nikias, m. Gr. conquering, [90]
Nikka, m. Lapp. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikkelis, m. Lett. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikki, m. Finn. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikla, m. Bav. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Niklaas, m. Dutch, Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Niklas, m. Ger. Swed. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Niklau, m. Bav. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikodem, m. Gr. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikodemos, m. Gr. Slov. Bulg. victory of the people, [90]
Nikola, m. Russ. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikolaj, m. Russ. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikolas, m. Dutch, Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikolascha, m. Russ. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikolaus, m. Ger. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nikon, m. Russ. Gr. victory, [90]
Niku, m. Finn. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Niles, m. Finn. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nille, Nor. Gr. stone, [108]
Nillon, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Nilo, m. Finn. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Nils, m. Swed. Gr. victory of the people, [90]
Ninetta, f. Ital. Heb. grace, [42]
Ninette, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Ninian, m. Scot. Kelt. [240]
Ninidh, m. Erse, Kelt. [240]
Ninon, f. Fr. Heb. grace, [42]
Niord, m. Nor. Teu. sea god, [306]
Nithard, m. Ger. Teu. firm compulsion, [418]
Nitz, m. Ger. Teu. firm compulsion, [418]
Njal, m. Ice. Teu. champion, [240]
Noa, m. It. Heb. rest, [9]
Noah, m. Dutch, Heb. rest, [9]
Noachas, m. Gr. Heb. rest, [9]
Noah, m. Eng. Heb. rest, [9]
Noe, m. Fr. Russ. Heb. rest, [9]
Noël, m. Fr. Lat. Christmas, [209]
Noll, m. Eng. Teu. olive, [208]
Nöll, m. Dutch, Lat. horn, [314]
Nona, f. Eng. Lat. ninth, [138]
Nonna, f. Lat. ninth, [138]
Nonne, m. Fris. Teu. bold, [304]
Nora, f. Ir. Lat. honour, [190]
Norah, f. Ir. Lat. honour, [190]
Norbert, m. Ger. Teu. Niord’s brightness, [306]
Nordhilda, f. Ger. Teu. Niord’s battle maid, [306]
Norman, m. Scot. Teu. Niord’s man, [306]
Notberg, f. Ger. Teu. compelling protection, [418]
Notger, m. Ger. Teu. compelling spear, [418]
Notto, m. Nor. Teu. compelling wolf, [418]
Nottulf, m. Nor. Teu. compelling wolf, [418]
Novak, m. Ill. Slov. new.
Novia, f. Ill. Slav. Lat. new.
Nozzo, m. It. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Nuala, f. Ir. Kelt. fair shoulders, [245]
Numps, m. Eng. Heb. staff of peace, [350]
Nuño, f. Span.
Nuno, m. Span.
Nunziata, f. It. Lat. announced, [30]

Oado, m. Esth. Heb. red earth, [10]
Obadiah, m. Eng. Heb. servant of the Lord, [50]
Obramas, m. Lith. Heb. father of nations, [11]
Octave, f. Fr. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octavia, f. Eng. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octaviano, m. Rom. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octavianus, m. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octavien, m. Fr. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octavie, f. Fr. Lat. eighth, [138]
Octavius, m. Lat. eighth, [138]
Ocko, m. Fris. Teu. noble rich, [409]
Oda, f. Ger. Teu. rich, [376]
Odbjorg, f. m. Ger. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Odde, m. Ger. Teu. rich, [376]
Oddgrim, m. Nor. Teu. rich helmet, [378]
Oddlaug, f. Nor. Teu. rich liquor, [378]
Oddleif, m. Nor. Teu. rich relic, [378]
Oddmund, m. Nor. Teu. rich protection, [378]
Oddny, m. Nor. Teu. rich freshness, [378]
Oddo, f. m. Nor. Teu. rich, [378]
Oddr, f. m. Nor. Teu. rich, [378]
Oddveig, m. Nor. Teu. rich liquor, [378]
Oddward, m. Ger. rich guard, [378]
Ode, f. Nor. Teu. rich, [376]
Odes, m. It. Teu. rich, [376]
Odelburga, f. Ger. Teu. noble guard, [411]
Odelbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. noble brightness, [411]
Odelgis, m. Ger. Teu. noble pledge, [411]
Odelind, f. Ger. Teu. noble snake, [411]
Odelric, m. Ger. Teu. noble rule, [411]
Odgisl, m. Nor. Teu. rich pledge, [411]
Odgjer, m. Nor. Teu. rich spear, [411]
Odgund, f. Ger. Teu. rich war, [411]
Odila, f. Ger. Fr. Teu. rich, [411]
Odile, f. Fr. Teu. rich, [411]
Odilo, m. Ger. Teu. rich, [378]
Odilon, m. Fr. Teu. rich, [378]
Odkatla, f. Nor. rich kettle, [376]
Odkel, m. Nor. rich kettle, [376]
Odli, m. Swiss, Heb. red earth, [10]
Odmar, Nor. Teu. rich fame, [378]
Odo, m. Ger. Eng. Teu. rich, [378]
Odoacer, m. Lat. Teu. treasure watcher, [377]
Odoardo, m. It. Teu. rich guard, [378]
Odolf, m. Ger. Teu. rich wolf, [378]
Odon, m. Fr. Teu. rich, [378]
Odorico, m. It. Teu. rich ruler, [378]
Odulf, m. Ger. Teu. noble wolf, [378]
Odvald, m. Ger. Teu. rich power, [378]
Odvin, m. Ger. Teu. rich friend, [378]
Ody, m. Fr. Kelt. lamb, [140]
Odysseus, m. Gr. hater, [75]
Œgiliv, m. Nor. Teu. Œgir’s relic, [323]
Œgils, m. Nor. Teu. awful, [323]
Œgulv, m. Nor. Teu. awful wolf, [323]
Œgunn, m. Nor. Teu. awful maiden, [323]
Œgwind, m. Nor. awful Wend, [323]
Oëlrich, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Offa, m. A.G.S. Teu. wild boar (?), [334]
Ofura, f. Lat. Teu. island prudence, [431]
Offy, f. Eng. Gr. divine love, [100]
Oggiero, m. Ital. Teu. holy, [402]
Ogmund, m. Nor. Teu. awful protection, [323]
Ogier, m. Fr. Teu. holy, [402]
Ognoslav, m. Ill. Slav. fire glory.
Ogvalld, m. Nor. awful power, [323]
Oieif, m. Nor. Teu. island wolf, [431]
Oiel, m. Nor. Teu. island wolf, [431]
Oighrigh, f. Gael. Gr. fair speech, [88]
Oisean, m. Gadhael. Kelt. [243]
Olaf, m. Nor. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Olaüs, m. Lat. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Olav, m. Nor. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Olave, m. Eng. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Olbracht, m. Pol. Teu. noble brightness, [411]
Oldrich, m. Bohm. Teu. nobler ruler, [409]
Ole, m. Nor. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Oleg, m. Russ. Teu. holy, [68]
Olery, m. Fr. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Olfert, m. Ger. Teu. noble peace, [411]
Olga, f. Russ. Teu. holy, [68]
Olger, m. Dan. Teu. holy, [68]
Olier, m. Bret. Lat. olive, [203]
Olimpia, f. Ital. Gr. Olympian, [97]
Olinka, f. Russ. Teu. holy, [448]
Olive, f. Eng. Lat. [203]
Oliviëros, m. Port. S. Lat. olive, [203]
Oliver, m. Eng. Lat. olive, [203]
Oliverio, m. Port. Lat. olive, [203]
Oliveros, m. Span. Lat. olive, [203]
Olivia, f. Eng. Lat. olive, [203]
Olivier, m. Fr. Lat. olive, [203]
Oliviero, m. It. Lat. olive, [203]
Olop, m. Esth. Teu. ancestor’s relic, [332]
Olve, m. Nor. Teu. ale, [432]
Olver, m. Nor. Teu. ale, [432]
Olympe, f. Fr. Gr. Olympian, [97]
Olympia, f. Eng. Gr. Olympian, [97]
Olympias, f. Eng. Gr. Olympian, [97]
Olympie, f. Ger. Gr. Olympian, [97]
Onan, m. Ir. Heb. Lat. dwarf Adam, [10]
Ondrej, m. Bohm. Gr. man, [86]
Onfroi, m. Fr. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Onofredo, m. Ital. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Onofrio, m. It. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Onora, m. Erse, Lat. honour, [190]
Onoré, m. Fr. Lat. honoured, [190]
Onorij, m. Slov. Lat. honoured, [190]
Onuphrius, m. Lat. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Onufrio, m. It. Teu. support of peace, [350]
Ophelia, f. Eng. Gr. serpent, [346]
Orac, m. Slov. Lat. [148]
Orazia, f. It. Lat. [148]
Orazio, m. It. Lat. [148]
Orban, m. Hung. Lat. citizen, [202]
Ordoño, m. Span. Teu. rich friend (?), [376]
Orflath, f. Erse, Kelt. golden lady, [125]
Orlando, m. Ital. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Orm, m. Ice. Teu. serpent, [346]
Ormar, m. Nor. Teu. serpent warrior, [346]
Ormilda, f. Ice. Teu. serpent battle maid, [346]
Orsch, f. Swiss, Lat. bear, [199]
Orscheli, f. Swiss, Lat. bear, [199]
Orse, f. Hung. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Orseline, f. Dutch, Lat. bear, [199]
Orsike, f. Hung. Heb. oath of God, [35]
Orsola, f. Ital. Lat. bear, [199]
Orsolya, f. Hung. Lat. bear, [199]
Orson, m. Eng. Lat. bear, [199]
Ortensia, f. It. Lat. gardener, [147]
Ortensio, m. It. Lat. gardener, [147]
Ortleip, m. Ger. Teu. rich relic, [378]
Ortgrim, m. Ger. Teu. rich helm, [378]
Ortgar, m. Ger. Teu. rich spear, [378]
Orto, m. Ger. Teu. rich, [378]
Ortwin, m. Ger. Teu. rich friend, [378]
Ortwulf, Ger. Teu. rich wolf, [378]
Orzil, m. Prov. Teu. rich, [378]
Osbert, m. Ger. Teu. divinely bright, [290]
Osberta, f. Ger. Teu. divinely bright, [290]
Osborn, m. Eng. Teu. divine bear, [290]
Osberga, f. Eng. Teu. divine pledge, [290]
Oscar, m. Fr. Kelt. bounding warrior, [251], [291]
Oscetyl, m. A.S. Teu. divine kettle, [291]
Oseep, m. Russ. Heb. addition, [23]
Osfred, m. Eng. Teu. divine peace, [290]
Osgar, m. Gael. Kelt. bounding warrior, [251]
Osgifu, f. m. A.S. Teu. Asagod’s gift, [290]
Osgod, m. Dan. Teu. Asagod, [290]
Oska, f. Lus. Lat. bear, [199], [291]
Oskar, m. Ger. Teu. divine spear, [290]
Osketyl, m. Dan. Teu. divine cauldron, [291]
Oslac, m. Eng. Teu. divine sport, [291]
Oslaf, m. Eng. Teu. divine legacy, [291]
Osmod, Ger. Teu. divine wrath, [291]
Osmond, m. Eng. Teu. divine protection, [291]
Osmont, m. Fr. Teu. divine protection, [291]
Osred, m. Eng. Teu. divine council, [291]
Osric, m. Eng. Teu. divine rule, [291]
Ossian, m. Eng. Kelt. 66.
Osthryth, f. Eng. divine threatener, [291]
Osulf, m. Eng. Teu. divine wolf, [291]
Oswald, m. Eng. Teu. divine power, [291]
Oswine, m. A.S. Teu. divine friend, [291]
Oswy, m. Eng. Teu. divine holiness, [291]
Osyth, f. Eng. Teu. divine strength, [291]
Otemar, m. Ger. Teu. rich fame, [378]
Otfried, m. Ger. Teu. rich peace, [376]
Othao, m. Port. Teu. rich, [376]
Othello, m. It. Teu. rich, [376]
Other, m. Ger. Teu. happy warrior, [376]
Othes, m. Fr. Teu. rich, [376]
Othilia, f. m. Fr. Teu. rich battle maid, [341]
Otho, m. Lat. Teu. happy (?), [376]
Otpald, m. Ger. happy bold, [376]
Otpraht, m. Ger. happy bright, [376]
Ottavia, f. m. It. Lat. eighth, [138]
Ottavio, m. It. Lat. eighth, [138]
Otte, m. Ger. Teu. happy, [376]
Otthild, f. Ger. Teu. happy battle maid, [376]
Ottilia, f. Lat. Teu. happy battle maid, [376]
Ottmar, m. Ger. Teu. happy fame, [376]
Otto, m. It. Ger. Teu. rich, [376]
Ottokar, m. Ger. Teu. happy spear, [376]
Ottone, m. It. Teu. happy, [376]
Ottorino, m. It. Teu. happy, [376]
Ottur, m. Nor. Ger. awful, [356]
Ouen, m. Fr. Teu. rich friend, [376]
Ougunna, f. Nor. Teu. rich war, [376]
Oulf, Nor. Teu. rich wolf, [376]
Ours, m. Fr. Lat. bear, [199]
Ovind, m. Nor. Teu. island Wend, [431]
Owain, m. Welsh, Kelt. lamb, or warrior, [273]
Owen, m. Eng. Kelt. lamb, or young warrior, [273]

Pablo, m. Span. Lat. little, [165]
Pacifico, m. It. Lat. pacific, [190]
Paddy, m. Ir. Lat. noble, [195]
Padrig, m. Erse, Lat. noble, [195]
Pagano, m. It. Lat. countryman, [202]
Paganus, m. Lat. countryman, [202]
Pain, m. Eng. Lat. countryman, [202]
Pal, m. Hung. Lat. little, [165]
Palko, m. Hung. Lat. little, [165]
Palladius, m. Lat. Gr. of Pallas, [64]
Pallig, m. Dan. [419]
Palne, m. Dan. [419]
Pamela, f. Eng. [464]
Pancrace, m. Ir. Gr. all ruler, [90]
Pancracio, m. Rom. Gr. all ruler, [90]
Pancracy, m. Pol. Gr. all ruler, [90]
Pancras, m. Eng. Gr. all ruler, [90]
Pancrazio, m. Ital. Gr. all ruler, [90]
Pankratios, m. Gr. all ruling, [90]
Panna, f. Hung. Heb. grace, [42]
Panni, f. Hung. Heb. grace, [42]
Pantaleon, m. Fr. Gr. all a lion, [90]
Pantaleone, m. It. Gr. all a lion, [90]
Paola, f. It. Lat. little, [165]
Paolina, f. It. Lat. little, [165]
Paolino, m. It. Lat. little, [165]
Paolo, m. It. Lat. little, [165]
Pappo, m. Ger. Ten, father, [333]
Parascha, f. Russ. Slav. Good Friday child, [216]
Parysatis, f. Gr. Zend. fairy born (?).
Paraskeva, f. Russ. Slav. Good Friday child, [216]
Pari, m. Fr. Lat. fatherly, [195]
Parnel, f. Eng. Gr. stone, [108]
Parthenois, m. Gr. Gr. of the virgin, [64]
Parthenope, m. Eng. Gr. the virgin’s city, [64]
Pas, m. Pol. Lat. little, [165]
Pascal, m. Span. Heb. passover child, [215]
Pascha, f. Russ. Slav. Good Friday child, [215]
Pascha, f. Russ. Slav. Good Friday child, [215]
Paschal, m. Fr. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Paschina, f. It. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Paschino, m. It. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Pascoal, m. Port. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Pascoe, m. Eng. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Pascual, m. Span. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Pasinek, m. Pol. Lat. little, [165]
Pasquale, m. It. Heb. Easter child, [215]
Passion, m. Eng. Lat. suffering, [215]
Pat, m. Ir. Lat. noble, [195]
Pate, m. Scot. Lat. noble, [195]
Paternus, m. Lat. fatherly, [195]
Patie, m. Scot. Lat. noble, [195]
Patience, f. Eng. Lat. bearing up, [193]
Patiens, m. Lat. patient, [193]
Patrice, m. Fr. Lat. noble, [195]
Patricia, f. Scot. Lat. noble, [195]
Patricio, m. Rom. Lat. noble, [195]
Patricius, m. Lat. noble, [195]
Patrick, m. Eng. Lat. noble, [195]
Patrikij, m. Russ. Lat. noble, [195]
Patriz, m. Ger. Lat. noble, [195]
Patrizia, f. It. Lat. noble, [195]
Patrizio, m. It. Lat. noble, [195]
Patty, f. Eng. Heb. becoming bitter, [29]
Paul, m. Fr. Ger. Eng. Lat. little, [165]
Paula, f. Span. Port. Lat. little, [165]
Paule, f. Ger. Lat. little, [165]
Paulette, f. Fr. Lat. little, [165]
Paulin, m. Ger. Lat. little, [165]
Paulina, f. Rom. Eng. Span. Lat. little, [165]
Pauline, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. little, [165]
Paulino, m. It. Lat. little, [165]
Paulinus, m. Lat. little, [165]
Paulisca, f. Ger. Lat. little, [165]
Paulo, m. Rom. Port. Lat. little, [165]
Paulot, m. Fr. Lat. little, [165]
Paultje, m. Dutch, Lat. little, [165]
Paulus, m. Ger. Lat. little, [165]
Pav, m. Lapp. Lat. little, [165]
Pava, m. Ill. Lat. little, [165]
Paval, m. Lapp. Lat. little, [165]
Pavek, m. Esth. Lapp. Lat. little, [165]
Pavel, m. Russ. Wall. Pol. Bohm. Lat. little, [165]
Pavelek, m. Pol. Lat. little, [165]
Pavils, m. Lett. Lap. little, [165]
Pavko, m. Ill. Lat. little, [165]
Pavl, m. Ill. Lat. little, [165]
Pavla, f. Russ. Lat. little, [165]
Pavli, m. Esth. Lat. little, [165]
Pavlenka, m. Russ. Lat. little, [165]
Pavlika, f. m. Slav. Lat. little, [165]
Pavlija, m. Ill. Lat. little, [165]
Pavlin, m. Slav. Lat. little, [165]
Pavlina, f. Slav. Lat. little, [165]
Pavluscha, m. Russ. Lat. little, [165]
Pavol, m. Lus. Lat. little, [165]
Pawel, m. Pol. Lat. little, [165]
Payen, m. Fr. Lat. countryman, [202]
Payne, m. Eng. Lat. countryman, [202]
Peace, f. Eng.
Peder, m. Nor. Gr. stone, [108]
Pedo, m. Esth. Gr. stone, [108]
Pedrinho, m. Port. Gr. stone, [108]
Pedro, m. Port. Span. Gr. stone, [108]
Peggy, f. Eng. Gr. pearl, [121]
Peira, m. Prov. Gr. stone, [108]
Pejo, m. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Pelage, m. Fr. Gr. of the sea, [203]
Pelagia, f. m. Gr. of the sea, [203]
Pelagio, m. Rom. Gr. of the sea, [203]
Pelagius, m. Lat. Gr. of the sea, [203]
Pelayo, m. Span. Gr. of the sea, [203]
Peleg, m. Eng. Heb. dispersion, [15]
Pelei, m. Swiss, Gr. of the sea, [203]
Pelgrim, m. Dutch, Gr. stranger, [203]
Pellegrino, m. It. Lat. pilgrim, [203]
Pen, f. Eng. Gr. weaver, [75]
Penelope, f. Eng. Gr. weaver, [75]
Penny, f. Eng. Gr. weaver, [75]
Pent, m. Lapp. Lat. blessed, [184]
Penta, m. Lapp. Lat. blessed, [184]
Pentecost, m. Eng. Gr. Whitsuntide, [216]
Pentecoste, f. Eng. Gr. Whitsuntide, [216]
Pepa, f. Span. Heb. addition, [23]
Pepe, m. Span. Heb. addition, [23]
Pepin, m. Fr. Teu. father, [333]
Pepino, m. Rom. Teu. father, [333]
Pepita, f. Span. Heb. addition, [23]
Pepito, m. Span. Heb. addition, [23]
Peppo, m. It. Heb. addition, [23]
Pepsa, m. Ill. Heb. addition, [23]
Per, m. Swiss. Gr. stone, [108]
Perahtheri, m. O. Ger. Teu. bright army, [415]
Perahthild, f. O. Ger. Teu. bright battle maid, [415]
Perahtmar, m. O. Ger. Teu. bright fame, [415]
Perahtolf, m. O. Ger. Teu. bright wolf, [415]
Perahtram, m. O. Ger. Teu. bright raven, [415]
Percival, m. Eng. Kelt. companion of the chalice, [278]
Peredur, m. Welsh, Kelt. companion of the chalice, [278]
Pérégrin, m. Fr. Lat. traveller, [203]
Peregrine, m. Eng. Lat. traveller, [203]
Peregrinus, m. Lat. traveller, [203]
Peregrino, m. It. Lat. stranger, [203]
Perent, m. Esth. Teu. bear firm, [340]
Perette, f. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Perino, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Perizada, f. Pers. Pers. fairy born.
Pernel, f. Eng. Gr. stone, [108]
Pero, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Pero, m. Esth. Teu. bear firm, [340]
Perpetua, f. It. Lat. lasting, [197]
Perrin, m. Fr. Ger. stone, [108]
Perrine, f. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Perronik, Bret. [108]
Pert, m. Esth. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Pet, m. Esth. Gr. stone, [108]
Petar, m. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Peter, m. Eng. Ger. Gr. stone, [108]
Peteris, m. Lett. Gr. stone, [108]
Peters, m. Lett. Gr. stone, [108]
Petko, m. Lus. Bulg. Gr. stone, [108]
Peto, m. Lus. Gr. stone, [108]
Petr, m. Bohm. Russ. Gr. stone, [108]
Petra, m. Esth. Gr. stone, [108]
Petra, f. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Petraca, f. Ger. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrarca, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Petras, m. Lett. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrica, m. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrija, f. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrik, m. Bret. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrina, f. Scot. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrine, f. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrinka, m. Russ. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrisse, f. Ger. Gr. stone, [108]
Petronella, f. Ger. Eng. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Petronelle, f. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Petronilha, f. Port. Gr. stone, [108]
Petros, m. Gr. stone, [108]
Petru, m. Wall. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrus, m. Lat. Gr. stone, [108]
Petrusa, f. Ill. Gr. stone, [108]
Petruscha, m. Russ. Gr. stone, [108]
Petsch, m. Lus. Gr. stone, [108]
Petur, m. Bulg. Gr. stone, [108]
Pewlin, m. Welsh, Lat. little, [165]
Phaddei, m. Russ. Aram. praise, [20]
Phadrig, m. Erse, Lat. noble, [195]
Pharamond, m. Eng. Teu. travelled protector, [432]
Phelim, m. Ir. Kelt. Erse, good, [257]
Phemie, f. Scot. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Pheodor, m. Russ. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Pheodora, f. m. Russ. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Pheodosij, m. Russ. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Pheodosia, f. m. Russ. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Pherenike, f. Gr. bringing victory, [90]
Phil, m. Eng. Ger. love horses, [79]
Philadelphia, f. Eng. Gr. love of brethren, [93]
Philalethes, m. Gr. love of truth, [94]
Philander, m. Eng. Gr. love man, [94]
Philaret, m. Gr. Gr. love virtue, [94]
Philaretos, m. Gr. love virtue, [94]
Phile, f. Gr. love, [93]
Philemon, m. Eng. Gr. loving thought, [94]
Philetus, m. Am. Gr. love, [94]
Philibert, m. Fr. Teu. will bright, [315]
Philine, f. Ger. Gr. love, [94]
Philip, m. Eng. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philipp, m. Ger. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philippa, f. Eng. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philippe, m. Fr. Gr. love hores, [79]
Philippine, f. Ger. Fr. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philippos, m. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Philippot, m. Fr. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philippote, f. Fr. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philippus, m. Lat. Gr. love horses, [79]
Philologus, m. Eng. Gr. love the word, [94]
Philothée, f. m. Fr. Gr. love God, [94]
Philotheus, m. Eng. Gr. love God, [94]
Philumena, f. Lat. daughter of light, [208]
Philumène, f. Lat. daughter of light, [208]
Phillis, f. Eng. Gr. foliage, [81]
Philon, m. Fr. Gr. love, [94]
Philoxène, f. Fr. Gr. loving the stranger, [93]
Phocas, m. Lat. Gr. Phocian, [200]
Phœbe, f. Eng. Gr. shining, [65]
Phœbus, m. Lat. Gr. shining, [65]
Phokas, m. Gr. Phocian, [200]
Photinee, f. Gr. light, [65]
Photius, m. Gr. light, [65]
Phrankiskos, m. M. Gr. Teu. free, [300]
Phroso, f. M. Gr. Gr. mirth, [72]
Phyllis, f. Eng. Gr. green bough, [81]
Pia, f. It. Lat. pious, [193]
Pico, m. It. Lat. woodpecker, [176]
Picus, m. Lat. woodpecker, [176]
Pie, m. Fr. Lat. pious, [193]
Pier, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Pieran, m. Corn. Kelt. black, [255]
Pierce, m. Eng. Gr. stone, [108]
Piere, m. O. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Piero, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Pieron, m. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Pierot, m. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Pierre, m. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Pierrot, m. Fr. Gr. stone, [108]
Piers, m. Eng. Gr. stone, [108]
Pies, m. Pol. Gr. stone, [108]
Piet, m. Dutch, Gr. stone, [108]
Pieter, m. Dutch, Gr. stone, [108]
Pieti, m. Pol. Gr. stone, [108]
Pietro, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Pietruccio, m. It. Gr. stone, [108]
Piety, f. Eng. Lat. piety, [193]
Pij, m. Russ. Lat. pious, [193]
Pikka, f. Lapp. Kelt. strength, [236]
Pikke, f. Lapp. Kelt. strength, [236]
Pil, m. Esth. Lat. wise old woman, [179]
Pilar, f. Span. Lat. pillar, [30]
Pilgrim, m. Eng. Lat. traveller, [203]
Pimme, f. Esth. Gr. fair fame, [88]
Pine, f. Ger. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Pinna, m. Lapp. Lat. blessed, [184]
Pint, m. Lapp. Lat. blessed, [184]
Pinus, m. Ger. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Pio, m. It. Lat. pious, [193]
Piotr, m. Pol. Gr. stone, [108]
Pipin, m. Ger. Teu. father, [333]
Pippa, f. It. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Pippin, m. Dutch, Eng. Teu. father, [333]
Pippo, m. It. Gr. loving horses, [79]
Pirket, f. Lapp. Kelt. strength, [236]
Pirimona, m. Maori, Gr. loving thought.
Pirrit, f. Esth. Kelt. strength, [236]
Pius, m. It. Lat. pious, [193]
Pjetr, m. Lus. Gr. stone, [108]
Pjetrik, m. Lus. Gr. stone, [108]
Plaxy, f. Corn. Gr. active.
Plectrude, f. Fr. Teu. lightning battle maid.
Pobjus, m. Lith. Lat. of a bean, [146]
Poldo, m. Slav. Teu. people’s prince, [430]
Polei, m. Swiss, Lat. of the sea, [203]
Polidoro, m. It. Gr. many gifted, [93]
Polieukt, m. Russ. Gr. much desired, [93]
Poliksenija, f. Russ. Gr. much hospitality, [93]
Polly, f. Eng. Heb. bitter, [29]
Polonia, f. Slov. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Polonija, f. Slov. Gr. of Apollo, [65]
Polycarp, m. Eng. Gr. much fruit, [93]
Polydore, m. Eng. Gr. much gifted, [93]
Polydorus, m. Lat. Gr. much gifted, [93]
Polyeuktos, m. Gr. much longed for, [93]
Polyhymnia, f. Eng. Gr. of many hymns, [72]
Polykarpos, m. Gr. much fruit, [93]
Polyksenija, f. Russ. Gr. much hospitality, [93]
Polyxena, f. Gr. much hospitality, [93]
Polyxène, f. Fr. Gr. much hospitality, [93]
Pompée, m. Fr. Lat. of Pompeii, [151]
Pompeio, m. It. Lat. of Pompeii, [151]
Pompeius, m. Lat. of Pompeii, [151]
Pompey, m. Eng. Lat. of Pompeii [151]
Ponce, m. Span. Lat. fifth, [138]
Poncio, m. Rom. Lat. fifth, [138]
Pons, m. Fr. Lat. fifth, [138]
Pontius, m. Lat. fifth, [138]
Ponzio, m. It. Lat. fifth, [138]
Poppo, m. Ger. Teu. father, [333]
Porcia, f. Ger. Lat. of the pigs, [151]
Porcius, m. Lat. of the pigs, [151]
Portia, f. Eng. Lat. of the pigs, [151]
Porzia, f. It. Lat. of the pigs, [151]
Posthumus, m. Lat. the last, [136]
Poto, m. Ger. Teu. commander, [414]
Prancas, m. Lith. Teu. free, [209]
Prascovie, f. Fr. Slav. Good Friday child, [215]
Prassede, f. Ital. Gr. active, [94]
Pravdoslav, m. Ill. Slav. upright glory, [444]
Pravdoslava, f. Ill. Slav. upright glory, [444]
Pravoje, m. Ill. Slav. upright glory.
Praxedes, f. Lat. Gr. active, [94]
Prechtl, m. Bav. Teu. bright fame, [213]
Premislaus, m. Eng. Slav. thoughtful glory, [444]
Preban, m. Dan. Slav. [444]
Predbiorn, m. Dan. Slav. [444]
Pribislav, m. Slav. [444]
Pribislava, f. Slav. [439]
Priczus, m. Lith. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Pridrik, m. Lett. Teu. peace rule, [296]
Primus, m. Lat. first, [137]
Priscilla, f. Eng. Lat. ancient, [163]
Priscus, m. Lat. ancient, [163]
Priske, f. Ger. Lat. ancient, [163]
Prissie, f. Eng. Lat. ancient, [163]
Prizzis, m. Lett. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Prochoros, m. Gr. leader of the dance, [126]
Prochorus, m. Eng. Lat. leader of the dance, [126]
Procopius, m. Lat. Gr. progressive, [126]
Prokhor, m. Russ. Gr. leader of the dance, [126]
Prokop, m. Bohm. Gr. progressive, [126]
Prokopij, m. Russ. Gr. progressive, [126]
Prokupek, m. Bohm. Gr. progressive, [126]
Prometheus, m. Gr. love thought.
Prospero, m. It. Lat. prosperous, [192]
Prudence, f. Eng. [193]
Prudentius, m. Lat. prudent, [193]
Prydas, m. Litt. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Prydikis, m. Litt. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Przemysl, m. Bohm. Slav. thoughtful, [439]
Przemyslava, f. Pol. Slav. thoughtful glory, [439]
Psyche, f. m. Gr. soul, [447]
Pulcheria, f. Ger. It. Lat. fair, [196]
Pulcherie, f. Fr. Lat. fair, [196]
Purvan, m. Bulg. Slav. first, [442]
Purvance, m. Bulg. Slav. first, [442]

Quadratus, m. Lat. fourth, [137]
Quartinus, m. Lat. fourth, [137]
Quartus, m. Lat. fourth, [137]
Quenburga, f. Eng. Lat. queen pledge, [319]
Quendrida, f. Eng. Lat. queen threatener, [319]
Quenes, m. Fr. Teu. bold speech, [423]
Quentin, m. Scot. Lat. fifth, [138]
Queran, m. Flem. Scot. Kelt. black, [255]
Quintianus, m. Lat. fifth, [138]
Quintilianus, m. Lat. fifth, [138]
Quintus, m. Lat. fifth, [138]
Quiric, m. Fr. Gr. Sunday child, [217]
Quirinus, m. Lat. spearman, [177]
Quod-vult-Deus, m. Lat. what God wills, [188]

Raadgjer, m. Nor. Teu. spear of fame, [394]
Raadgjerd, f. Nor. Teu. council guard, [394]
Raamund, m. Nor. Teu. council protection, [394]
Rab, m. Scot. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Rabba, m. Fris. Teu. council commander, [394]
Rabbe, m. Fris. Teu. council commander, [394]
Rabbo, m. Fris. Teu. council commander, [394]
Rachel, f. Fr. Eng. Ger. Heb. ewe, [14]
Rachele, f. It. Heb. ewe, [14]
Radagaisus, m. Lat. Teu. council pledge, [394]
Radak, m. Slav. Slav. joy, [439]
Radan, m. Slav. Slav. joy, [439]
Radbert, m. Ger. Teu. council bright, [394]
Radbod, m. Ger. Teu. council commander, [394]
Radegar, m. Lom. Teu. council spear, [394]
Radegisl, m. Lom. Teu. council pledge, [394]
Radegonde, f. Fr. Teu. council war, [394]
Radegonda[Radegonda], f. Span. Teu. council war, [394]
Radelchis, m. Lat. Teu. council pledge, [394]
Radfried, m. Ger. Teu. council peace, [394]
Radgund, f. Ger. Teu. council war, [394]
Radinka, m. Slav. joyful peace, [439]
Radinko, m. Slav. joy, [439]
Radko, m. Slav. joy, [439]
Radman, m. Slav. joy, [439]
Radmil, m. Slav. joyful love, [439]
Radivoj, m. Slav. joyful war, [439]
Radoje, m. Slav. joyful war, [439]
Radolf, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Radulfus, m. Lat. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Radoslav, m. Slav, joyful glory, [439]
Rafael, m. Span. Hung. Heb. healing of God, [55]
Rafe, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Raffaelle, m. It. Heb. healing of God, [55]
Raffaello, m. It. Heb. healing of God, [55]
Rafn, m. Nor. Teu. raven, [345]
Rafnulf, m. Nor. Teu. raven wolf, [345]
Ragano, m. O. Ger. Teu. judgment, [396]
Raginbald, m. Ger. Teu. prince of judgment, [398]
Raginfred, m. Frank. Teu. judgment of peace, [398]
Raginfrida, f. Ger. Teu. judgment of peace, [398]
Raginhard, m. Frank. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Raginheid, f. Nor. Teu. impulse of justice, [398]
Raginheri, m. A.S. Frank. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Raginhild, f. Frank. Teu. battle maid of judgment, [398]
Raginhold, m. Frank. Teu. judging firmly, [396]
Raginleif, m. Nor. Teu. relic of judgment, [396]
Raginmund, m. Frank. Teu. judge’s protection, [396]
Raginhar, m. Frank. Teu. great judgment, [396]
Raginwald, m. Frank. Teu. judge ruler, [396]
Raginward, m. Nor. Teu. guardian of judgment, [396]
Ragnar, m. Nor. Teu. warrior of judgment, [397]
Ragnfrid, f. Nor. Teu. wise fair one, [398]
Ragnold, m. Frank. Teu. wise judge ruler, powerful judge, [395]
Ragnrid, f. Nor. Teu. wise fair one, [398]
Rahel, f. Pol. Heb. ewe, [15]
Raimond, m. Fr. Teu. judge’s protection, [396]
Raimondo, m. It. Teu. judge’s protection, [395]
Raimons, m. Prov. Teu. council strengthening protection, [397]
Rainiald, m. Eng. Teu. power of judgment, [395]
Rainardo, m. Ital. Teu. firm judgment, [396]
Rainart, m. Prov. Teu. firm judgment, [396]
Rainhard, m. Hung. Teu. firm judgment, [396]
Rainer, m. Eng. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Rainulf, m. O. Fr. Teu. wolf of judgment, [335]
Rajnold, m. Pol. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Ralf, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Ralph, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Rambert, Ger. raven bright, [345]
Ramiro, m. Span. Teu. great judge, [396]
Ramon, m. Span. Teu. judge’s protection, [397]
Rampold, m. raven prince, [345]
Ranald, m. Scot. Teu. power of judgment, [397]
Ramusio, m. Span. Teu. raven, [345]
Randal, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Randi, f. Nor. Teu. wise fair one, [396]
Randid, m. Nor. Teu. wise fair one, [396]
Randle, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [335]
Randolph, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [335], [421]
Randve, m. Nor. Teu. house consecration, [321]
Randver, m. Nor. Teu. house consecration, [321]
Randvid, m. Nor. Teu. house consecration, [321]
Rane, f. Nor. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Ranieri, m. It. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Ranmod, f. Nor. Teu. house courage, [421]
Ranna, f. Lapp. Teu. battle maid of judgment, [396]
Rannmod, m. Nor. Teu. house courage, [421]
Rannog, f. Nor. Teu. house liquor, [421]
Ranssu, m. Finn. Teu. free, [300]
Ranulf, m. Eng. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Ranveig, f. m. Nor. Teu. house liquor, [421]
Raonmill, m. Erse, Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Raoul, m. Fr. Teu. wolf of fame, [335]
Raphael, m. Eng. Fr. Ger. Heb. healing of God, [55]
Rasche, f. Pol. Lat. rose, [204]
Rasia, f. Pol. Lat. queen, [31]
Rasine, f. Lith. Lat. rose, [204]
Rasine, f. Pol. Lat. queen, [31]
Rasl, m. Bav. Gr. amiable, [113]
Rasmus, m. Dutch, Gr. amiable, [113]
Ratulf, m. O. Ger. Teu. council bright, [394]
Raul, m. Rom. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Raulus, m. Lith. Lat. laurel, [174]
Ravelina, f. Mentone, Heb. medicine of God, [55]
Ravelin, m. Eng. Teu. council wolf, [335]
Ravengar, Eng. Teu. raven spear, [345]
Ravenswar, Eng. Teu. raven spear, [345]
Raymond, m. Eng. Teu. wise protection, [397]
Raynard, m. Pol. Teu. firm judgment, [396]
Rayner, m. Eng. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Razoomnik, m. Russ. Slav. wise man, [449]
Rebecca, f. Lat. Heb. noosed cord, [14]
Rebekah, f. Eng. Heb. noosed cord, [14]
Recaredo, m. Span. Teu. ruling by council, [399]
Rechiarius, m. Lat. Teu. ruling an army, [399]
Rechilda, f. Lat. Teu. ruling battle maid, [399]
Rechimiro, m. Span. Teu. ruling fame, [399]
Recimir, m. Goth. Teu. ruling fame, [399]
Redmond, m. Ir. Teu. council protection, [31]
Redwald, m. Eng. Teu. council power, [31]
Regina, f. It. Ger. Lat. queen, [31]
Reginald, m. Eng. Teu. powerful judgment, [396]
Reginard, m. Frank. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Reginand, m. Fr. Teu. powerful judgment, [396]
Reginbert, m. Ger. Teu. splendour of judgment, [396]
Regintag, m. Frank. Teu. judgment day, [396]
Reginwart, m. Frank. Teu. guardian of judgment, [396]
Regl, f. Bav. Lat. queen, [398]
Regnard, m. Fr. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Regnault, m. Fr. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Regnier, m. Fr. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Regulus, m. Lat. king, [355]
Rehur, watchman.
Reichart, m. Ger. Teu. ruling firmness, [399]
Reigl, f. Ger. Teu. queen, [398]
Rein, m. Esth. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Reinaldo, m. Span. power of judgment, [396]
Reinbold, m. Ger. Teu. prince of judgment, [396]
Reine, f. Fr. Lat. queen, [36]
Reiner, m. Ger. Teu. warrior of judgment, [398]
Reinette, f. Fr. Lat. queen, [31]
Reinfrid, m. Ger. Teu. peace of judgment, [396]
Reingard, m. Russ. Teu. protection of judgment, [398]
Reinger, m. Ger. Teu. spear of judgment, [398]
Reinhard, m. Ger. Teu. firm judge, [398]
Reinhild, f. Ger. Teu. battle maid of judgment, [398]
Reinmer, m. Ger. Teu. great judgment, [398]
Reinhold, m. Ger. Teu. firmness of judgment, [398]
Reinis, m. Lett. Teu. power of judgment, [398]
Reino, m. Ger. Teu. power of judgment, [398]
Reinolf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf of judgment, [398]
Reinward, m. Ger. Teu. guard of judgment, [398]
Rekkerts, m. Lett. Teu. spear of fame, [399]
Remarkable, f. American.
Rembald, m. Ger. Teu. prince of judgment, [398]
Rembert, m. Fris. Teu. splendour of judgment, [396]
Remi, m. Fr.
Remma, m. Fris. Teu. guardian of judgment, [396]
Remward, m. Fris. Teu. guardian of judgment, [396]
Renard, m. Fr. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Renart, m. Fr. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Renata, f. m. It. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Renato, m. It. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Renaud, m. Fr. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Renauld, m. Fr. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Renbold, m. Ger. Teu. prince of judgment, [396]
René, m. Fr. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Renée, f. Fr. Teu. warrior of judgment, [396]
Renfred, m. Eng. Teu. judgment of peace, [396]
Rennert, m. Fris. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Rennold, m. Fris. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Renz, m. Ger. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Renzo, m. It. Lat. laurel, [174]
Res’l, f. Bav. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Restitutus, m. Lat. restored, [193]
Restyn, m. Welsh, Lat. restored, [193]
Reuben, m. Eng. Heb. behold a son, [7]
Reta, f. Finn. Gr. pearl, [121]
Reynard, m. Eng. Teu. firm judge, [396]
Reynold, m. Eng. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Rhesa, m. Eng. Chal. prince, [277]
Rhoda, f. Eng. Gr. rose, [31]
Rhode, f. Gr. rose, [31]
Rhodeia, f. rosy cheeked, [31], [204]
Rhodopis, f. rosy cheeked, [31], [204]
Rhonwen, f. Welsh, Kelt. white skirt, [239]
Rhydderch, m. Welsh, Kelt. [255]
Rhys, m. Welsh, Kelt. warrior, [277]
Ricardo, m. Port. Teu. stern king, [399]
Riccardo, m. It. Teu. stern king, [399]
Ricbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright king, [399]
Ricciardetto, m. It. Teu. stern king, [399]
Ricciardo, m. It. Teu. stern king, [399]
Rice, m. Eng. Welsh, warrior, [277], [399]
Ricehard, m. A.S. stern king, [399]
Richard, m. Fr. Eng. Teu. stern king, [399]
Richenza, f. Ger. Teu. ruling firmness, [400]
Richer, m. Ger. Teu. ruling warrior, [399]
Richila, f. Span. Teu. ruling battle maid, [399]
Richilde, f. Fr. Teu. ruling battle maid, [399]
Richiza, f. Ger. Teu. ruling firmness, [399]
Rickolf, m. Ger. Teu. king wolf, [400]
Riciberga, f. Span. Teu. ruling guard, [400]
Ricimir, m. Lat. Teu. great king, [399]
Rickel, m. Bav. Teu. noble ruler, [399]
Rictrude, f. Fr. Teu. ruling maid, [400]
Ridolfo, m. It. Teu. fame ruler, [391]
Rietu, m. Finn. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Rieuk, m. Bret. Kelt. warrior, [277]
Right-about-face, m. Eng. [10]
Rigonthe, f. O. Fr. Teu. ruling war, [400]
Riik, m. Neth. Teu. ruling firmness, [400]
Riikert, m. Neth. Teu. ruling firmness, [399]
Rikchen, f. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Rike, f. Ger. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Rikheri, m. O. Fr. Teu. ruling warrior, [399]
Rikomar, m. Ger. Teu. ruling fame, [399]
Rikulf, m. Ger. Teu. ruling wolf, [399]
Rikwald, m. Ger. Teu. ruling power, [400]
Rinaldo, m. It. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Rinnert, m. Fris. Teu. firmness of judgment, [396]
Riok, m. Bret. Kelt. warrior, [277]
Riowal, m. Bret. Kelt. lordly, [277]
Rita, f. It. Gr. pearl, [121]
Ritchie, m. Scot. Teu. ruling firmness, [399]
Roald, m. Nor. Teu. famous power, [392]
Roar, m. Nor. Teu. spear of fame, [392]
Rob, m. Scot. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robbie, m. Scot. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robers, m. Fr. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robert, m. Eng. Fr. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Roberto, m. Ital. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robin, m. Fr. Eng. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robina, f. Scot. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Robinet, m. Fr. Teu. fame bright, [392]
Roderic, m. Fr. Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Roderich, m. Ger. Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Roderick, m. Eng. Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Rodolf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rodolfo, m. It. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rodolph, m. Eng. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rodolphe, m. Fr. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rodri, m. Welsh, Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Rodrigo, m. Span. Port. Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Rodrigue, m. Fr. Teu. famous king, [255], [393]
Rodulfo, Span. wolf of fame, [391]
Roese, f. Eng. Teu. fame, [204]
Roesia, f. Eng. Teu. fame, [204]
Roger, m. Eng. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Rogero, m. It. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Rogier, m. Neth. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Rognwald, m. Nor. Teu. power of judgment, [396]
Rohais, f. Eng. Teu. fame, [204]
Rohlops, m. Lett. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Roibin, m. Erse, Teu. bright fame, [392]
Roeland, m. Neth. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Roland, m. Ir. Eng. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Rolando, m. Port. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Roldan, m. Span. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Roldao, m. Port. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Rolf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rollaug, m. Nor. Teu. famous liquor, [393]
Rolleik, m. Nor. Teu. famous sport, [389]
Rolph, m. Eng. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rollo, m. Lat. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rolv, m. Nor. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Romain, m. Fr. Lat. Roman, [178]
Romano, m. It. Lat. Roman, [178]
Roman, m. Slav. Lat. Roman, [178]
Romanus, m. Lat. Roman, [178]
Romao, m. Port. Lat. Roman, [178]
Romeo, m. Ital. Teu. fame, [393]
Romola, f. Ital. Lat. fame (?), [178]
Romolo, m. Ital. Lat. fame (?), [178]
Romuald, m. Fr. Teu. famed power, [390]
Romualdo, m. It. Teu. famed power, [390]
Romulus, m. Lat. fame (?), [178]
Ronald, m. Scot. judge power, [390]
Ronan, m. Scot. Kelt. seal (?), [253]
Ronat, f. Erse, Kelt. seal (?), [253]
Rondolfr, m. Nor. Teu. house wolf, [421]
Ronnan, f. house liquor, [393]
Rory, m. Ir. Kelt. red, [255]
Rosa, f. It. Span. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosabel, f. Eng. Lat. rose fair, [204]
Rosaclara, f. Eng. Lat. rose clear, [204]
Rosalba, f. It. Lat. rose white, [204]
Rosalbe, f. Fr. Lat. rose white, [204]
Rosalia, f. It. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosalie, f. Ger. Fr. Eng. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosalija, f. Russ. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosalind, f. Eng. Teu. fame serpent, [204]
Rosaline, f. Eng. Teu. famed serpent, [204]
Rosamond, f. Eng. Teu. famed protection, [204]
Rosamunda, f. It. Span. Teu. famed protection, [204]
Rosamunde, f. Ger. Teu. famed protection, [204]
Rosanne, f. Eng. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosaura, f. It. Lat. rose, [204]
Roschana, f. Pers. Zend. dawn of day, [58]
Roschen, f. Ger. Lat. rose, [204]
Roscrana, f. Gael. Kelt. rose bush.
Rose, f. Eng. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosel, f. Swiss, Teu. rose, [204]
Roseli, f. Swiss, Teu. rose, [204]
Rosemonde, f. Fr. Teu. famed protection, [204]
Roseta, f. Port. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosetta, f. It. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosette, f. Fr. Lat. rose, [204]
Roshilda, f. Ger. Teu. famed battle maid, [206]
Rosi, f. Swiss, Lat. rose, [204]
Rosia, f. Eng. Teu. fame, [204], [398]
Rosilde, f. Ger. Teu. horse battle maid, [341]
Rosimonda, f. It. Teu. horse protection, [341]
Rosina, f. Eng. It. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosine, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. rose, [204]
Rosita, f. Span. Lat. rose, [204]
Rossketyl, horse kettle, [341]
Rosskjell, horse kettle, [341]
Rosmer, m. Dan. Teu. sea horse, [341]
Rosmund, f. Ger. Teu. horse protection, [341]
Rospert, bright horse, [341]
Rostiophus, m. Lat. Teu. horse thief, [341]
Rostislav, m. Slav. increasing fame, [441]
Roswald, m. Scot. Teu. horse power, [341]
Roswald, m. Dan. Teu. horse power, [341]
Roswida, f. Ger. Teu. horse strength, [341]
Roswith, f. Frank. Teu. horse strength, [341]
Rota, m. Maori, Heb.
Rotholf, m. Fris. Teu. famed wolf, [391]
Rotija, f. Ill. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Rottgers, m. Ger. Teu. famed spear, [392]
Rotlandus, m. Lat. Teu. fame of the country, [389]
Rou, m. Fr. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Roul, m. Fr. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Rowena, f. Eng. Kelt. white skirt, [239]
Rowland, m. Eng. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Roxana, f. Pers. Fr. dawn of day, [58]
Roy, m. Scot. Kelt. red, [255]
Roza, f. Pol. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozalia, f. Pol. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozalija, f. Slov. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozer, m. Russ. Teu. famed spear, [390]
Rozia, f. Pol. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozina, f. Slov. Bohm. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozsi, f. Hung. Lat. rose, [204]
Rozyna, f. Pol. Lat. rose, [204]
Ruadh, m. Erse, Kelt. red, [167], [255]
Ruadri, m. Gael. Kelt. red, [255]
Ruadrigh, m. Gadhael. Kelt. red, [255]
Ruaridh, m. Gael. Kelt. [255]
Rudbert, m. Ger. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Ruben, m. Ger. Heb. behold a son, [7]
Rubert, m. It. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Rudhard, m. Ger. Teu. famed firmness, [392]
Rudiger, m. Ger. Teu. famed spear, [392]
Rudland, m. Ger. Teu. fame of the land, [392]
Rudolf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rudolphe, m. Fr. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Rudolphine, f. Ger. Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Ruedi, m. Swiss, Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Ruedli, m. Swiss, Teu. wolf of fame, [391]
Ruedolf, m. Bav. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Ruffo, m. It. Lat. red, [167]
Ruffin, m. Fr. Lat. red, [167]
Rufina, f. It. Lat. red, [167]
Rufine, f. Fr. Lat. red, [167]
Rufino, m. It. Lat. red, [167]
Rufinus, m. Ger. Lat. red, [167]
Rufus, m. Am. Lat. red, [167]
Ruggero, m. It. Teu. famed spear, [390]
Ruggiero, m. It. Teu. famed spear, [390]
Rule, m. Scot. Lat. king.
Ruland, m. Ger. Teu. fame of the land, [389]
Rulef, m. Fris. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Rulf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Rulves, m. Fris. Teu. wolf of fame, [390]
Rumilde, f. Ger. Teu. famed battle maid, [398]
Rupert, m. Ger. Eng. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Ruperto, m. It. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Ruprat, m. Slov. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Ruprecht, m. Ger. Teu. bright fame, [392]
Rurik, m. Russ. Teu. famed rule, [392]
Rutger, m. Neth. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Ruth, f. Eng. Heb. beauty, [39]
Ruy, m. Span. Teu. famed rule, [398]
Ruzalia, f. Ill. Lat. rose, [204]
Rycolf, m. Fris. Teu. ruling wolf, [392]
Rydygier, m. Pol. Teu. spear of fame, [390]
Rykert, m. Dutch, Teu. stern king, [399]
Ryklof, m. Fris. Teu. ruling wolf, [390]
Ryszard, m. Pol. Teu. stern king, [399]

Sabas, m. Ger. Heb. rest (?), [216]
Sabea, f. [216]
Sabee, m. Russ. Heb. rest (?), [216]
Sabina, f. It. Eng. Lat. Sabine, [164]
Sabine, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. Sabine, [164]
Sabinus, m. Lat. Sabine, [164]
Sabrina, f. Eng. the Severn, [164]
Sabra, [216]
Sacha, f. Russ. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sachar, m. Russ. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sacharija, m. Russ. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sadof, m. Russ. Pers. (?), [49]
Sadovit, m. Ill. Slav. fruitful.
Sadwrn, m. Welsh, Lat. of Saturn, [179]
Sæbert, m. A.S. Teu. conquering brightness, [356]
Sæmund, m. A.S. conquering protection, [359]
Sæwald, conquering power, [359]
Sæward, conquering protection, [359]
Saffi, f. Dan. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Saher, m. Eng. Teu. conquering army, [359]
Sahlke, f. Ger. Lat. rose, [204]
Sakaria, m. Ill. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sakchej, m. Russ. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sakerl, m. Dan. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sakkarias, m. Esth. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Sakse, m. Nor. Teu. rock, [51]
Sal, f. Eng. Heb. princess, [13]
Salamans, m. Lett. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salamao, f. Port. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salamon, m. Fr. Hung. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salaun, m. Bret. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Sally, f. Eng. Heb. princess, [13]
Salomao, f. m. Fr. Port. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomaun, m. Bohm. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salome, f. Eng. Russ. Ger. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomea, f. Pol. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomée, f. Fr. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomeli, f. m. Swiss, Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomo, m. Ger. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salomone, m. Ital. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Salvador, m. Span. Lat. saviour, [193]
Salvatore, m. Ital. Lat. saviour, [193]
Salvestro, m. Ital. Lat. woody, [179]
Sam, m. Eng. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Samel, m. Esth. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Sameli, m. Swiss, Heb. asked of God, [20]
Sammel, m. Swiss, Heb. asked of God, [20]
Sampson, m. Eng. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Samsao, m. Port. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Samson, m. Eng. Ger. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Samuel, m. Ger. Eng. Fr. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Samuele, m. It. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Samuil, m. Wall. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Samuls, m. Lett. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Sancha, f. Span. Lat. holy, [175]
Sanchica, f. m. Span. Lat. holy, [175]
Sanche, f. Fr. Lat. holy, [175]
Sancho, m. Span. Lat. holy, [175]
Sancia, f. Ger. Lat. holy, [175]
Sancie, f. Fr. Lat. holy, [175]
Sancto, m. It. Lat. holy, [175]
Sanctus, m. Lat. holy, [175]
Sanders, m. Lett. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sandor, m. Hung. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sandrl, f. Bav. Heb. lily, [50]
Sandro, m. Ital. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sandy, m. Scot. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sanerl, f. Bav. Heb. lily, [50]
Sanne, f. Dutch, Heb. lily, [50]
Sanson, Fr. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Sansone, It. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Santerl, m. Bav. Gr. gold flower, [125]
Santiago, m. Span. Lat. Heb. holy James, [17]
Santje, f. Dutch, Heb. lily, [50]
Santo, m. Rom. Lat. holy, [175]
Santos, m. Span. Lat. the saints, [175]
Sanzio, m. Ital. Lat. holy, [175]
Sapor, m. Gr. Zend, venerable king, [57]
Sapphero, f. M. Gr. Gr. sapphire, [125]
Sappi, f. Lith. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Sara, f. Fr. Hung. Ill. Ger. Ill. Heb. princess, [13]
Sarah, f. Eng. Heb. princess, [13]
Sarai, f. Eng. Heb. quarrelsome, [13]
Saraid, f. Erse, Kelt. excellent, [13]
Sarica, f. Hung. Heb. princess, [13]
Sarotte, f. Fr. Heb. princess, [13]
Sasan, m. Zend. venerable king, [57]
Sasze, m. Fris. Gr. Christian, [105]
Sativola, f. Lat. Kelt. [282]
Saturninus, m. Lat. of Saturn, [179]
Saul, m. Eng. Heb. longed for.
Saunders, m. Scot. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Sava, m. Russ. Heb. rest, [216]
Saverij, m. Ill. Arabic, bright, [299]
Savero, m. It. Arab, bright, [299]
Sawney, m. Scot. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Saxo, m. Lat. Teu. rock, [324]
Sayer, m. Eng. Teu. conquering army, [359]
Scezpan, Lus. Gr. crown, [96]
Scezepan, Pol. Gr. crown, [96]
Schelluf, m. Nor. Teu. shield wolf, [35]
Schmul, m. Ger. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Scholastica, f. Eng. Lat. scholar, [184]
Scholastike, f. Ger. Lat. scholar, [184]
Scholastique, f. Fr. Lat. scholar, [184]
Schombel, m. Lus. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Schwanhilde, Ger. Teu. swan maid, [346]
Schwanberge, Ger. Teu. swan protection, [346]
Schymank, m. Lus. Heb. obedient, [19]
Schymanz, m. Lus. Heb. obedient, [19]
Science, f. Eng. Lat. science, [175]
Scientia, f. Eng. Lat. science, [175]
Scipio, m. Eng. Lat. staff, [164]
Scipion, m. Fr. Lat. staff, [164]
Scipione, m. It. Lat. staff, [164]
Scrofa, m. Lat. pig, [152]
Seachnall, m. Ir. Lat. second, [52]
Seabert, m. Eng. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Seaforth, m. Eng. Teu. conquering peace, [359]
Sealbflaith, f. Erse, Kelt. lady of possessions, [259]
Sealbhach, m. rich, [359]
Searlus, m. Erse, Teu. man.
Seaxbald, m. A.S. Teu. rock bold, [324]
Seaxbert, m. A.S. Teu. rock bright, [324]
Seaxburh, f. A.S. Teu. rock pledge, [324]
Seaward, f. m. Eng. Teu. conquering guardian, [359]
Sebald, m. Ger. Fr. Teu. conquering valour, [359]
Sebastian, f. m. Ger. Eng. Span. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastiana, f. It. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastiane, f. Ger. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastiano, m. It. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastianus, m. Lat. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastiao, m. Port. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastien, m. Fr. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastienne, f. Fr. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebastyan, m. Pol. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebesta, f. Bohm. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebestyen, m. Hung. Gr. venerable, [111]
Sebila, f. Span. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Secundus, m. Lat. second, [137]
Sedecias, m. Lat. Heb. justice of the Lord, [49]
Seemeon, m. Russ. Heb. obedient, [19]
Sefa, f. Swiss, Heb. addition, [23]
Seifred, m. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [356]
Selbflaith, f. Erse, Kelt. lady of possessions, [259]
Selima, f. Arab. Heb. peace, [47]
Selina, f. Eng. Gr. moon, [67]
Selinde, f. Ger. Teu. conquering snake, [358]
Selma, f. Scot. Kelt. fair (?).
Selvach, m. Scot. Kelt. rich in cattle, [259]
Selvaggia, f. Ital. Lat. wild, [179]
Selvaggio, m. It. Lat. wild, [179]
Seoin, m. Erse, Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Seorgi, m. Erse, Gr. husbandman, [116]
Seph, m. Bav. Heb. addition, [23]
Sepherl, m. Bav. Heb. addition, [23]
Sepp, m. Swiss, Bav. Heb. addition, [23]
Seppeli, f. Swiss, Heb. addition, [23]
Seppi, m. Swiss, Heb. addition, [23]
Seppli, m. Swiss, Heb. addition, [23]
Septime, m. Fr. Lat. seventh, [138]
Septimia, f. Eng. Lat. seventh, [138]
Septimus, m. Eng. Lat. seventh, [138]
Serafina, f. Span. It. Heb. seraph, [53]
Serafino, m. Span. It. Heb. seraph, [53]
Seraphine, Fr. Heb. seraph, [53]
Serena, Dan. Eng. Lat. serene, [164]
Serene, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. serene, [164]
Serge, m. Fr. [152]
Sergio, m. Lom. [152]
Sergius, m. Lat. [152]
Serlo, m. Norseman, Teu. armour, [352]
Sersa, m. Ill. Zend. venerable king, [57]
Sessylt, Welsh, Lat. blind, [144]
Seth, m. Eng. Heb. appointed, [11]
Seumuis, m. Erse, Heb. supplanted, [17]
Sevilla, f. Span. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sextus, m. Eng. Lat. sixth, [138]
Shapoor, m. Pers. Zend. venerable king, [57]
Shawanie-Jassan, Red Indian, fierce wolf, [182]
Shawn, m. Ir. Heb. grace of the Lord, [45]
Sheelah, f. Ir. Lat. blind, [144]
Sholto, m. Scot. Kelt. sower (?), [254]
Siade, m. Fris. conquering firmness, [357]
Siard, m. Fris. Teu. conquering firmness, [311]
Sib, f. Ir. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibbald, m. Eng. Teu. conquering prince, [359]
Sibbaldo, m. It. Teu. conquering prince, [359]
Sibbe, m. Ger. Teu. conquering commander, [359]
Sibbel, m. Eng. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibbern, m. Fris. Teu. conquering bear, [359]
Sibbie, f. Scot. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibel, m. Fris. Teu. conquering prince, [359]
Sibella, f. Eng. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Siber, f. Nor. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sibert, m. Fris. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Sibila, f. It. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibilla, f. It. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibille, f. Fr. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibo, m. Fris. Teu. conquering messenger, [359]
Sibod, m. Fris. Teu. conquering messenger, [359]
Sibold, m. Fris. Teu. conquering prince, [359]
Siborg, f. Nor. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sibrand, m. Fris. Teu. conquering sword, [359]
Sibyl, f. Eng. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibylla, f. Eng. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Sibylle, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Siccard, m. Fr. Teu. conquering firmness, [359]
Sicco, m. Nor. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sichelgaita, f. It. Teu. Sicilian goat, [341]
Sidbolt, m. Fris. Teu. conquering prince, [357]
Sidde, m. Fris. Teu. conquering brightness, [357]
Sidders, m. Lith. Lat. beloved, [188]
Sidoine, m. Fr. Lat. of Sidon, [200]
Sidonia, f. m. It. Lat. of Sidon, [200]
Sidonie, f. Ger. Fr. Lat. of Sidon, [200]
Sidwell, f. Eng. Kelt. [282]
Sidonius, m. Lat. of Sidon, [200]
Siegfried, m. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Siegmund, m. Ger. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Siem, m. S. Ger. Heb. obedient, [19]
Siewars, m. Nor. Teu. conquering peace, [359]
Siffredo, m. It. Teu. conquering peace, [359]
Siffroi, m. Fr. Teu. conquering peace, [359]
Sigbald, m. Ger. Teu. conquering prince, [359]
Sigbert, m. Ger. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Sigbod, m. Ger. Teu. conquering commander, [359]
Sigbiorg, f. Nor. Teu. conquering protection, [357]
Sigbrand, m. Ger. Teu. conquering sword, [357]
Sigebald, m. A.S. Teu. conquering prince, [357]
Sigeberg, m. Frank. Teu. conquering brightness, [357]
Sigeburge, f. Ger. conquering protection, [357]
Sigefred, m. A.S. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sigefredo, m. Ital. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sigfreda, f. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sigefroi, m. Fr. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sigehard, m. A.S. Teu. conquering firmness, [357]
Sigehelm, m. Ger. Teu. conquering helmet, [357]
Sigeheri, m. A.S. Teu. conquering warrior, [357]
Sigelind, f. Ger. Teu. conquering snake, [357]
Sigewolf, m. A.S. conquering wolf, [357]
Sigfrid, m. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Sigfrida, f. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [358]
Sigfus, m. Nor. Teu. conquering zeal, [358]
Sighar, m. Ger. Teu. conquering warrior, [359]
Sighard, m. Ger. Teu. conquering firmness, [359]
Sighelm, m. Ger. Teu. conquering helmet, [359]
Sigher, m. Ger. Teu. conquering warrior, [358]
Sigismond, m. Fr. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sigismonda, f. Span. It. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sigismondo, m. It. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sigismund, m. Eng. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sigismunda, f. Eng. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sigismundo, m. Port. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Sikko, m. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [356]
Sigl, m. Bav. Teu. conquering peace, [356]
Siglind, f. Ger. Teu. conquering snake, [356]
Sigmar, m. Ger. Teu. conquering fame, [356]
Sigmund, m. Ger. Teu. conquering protection, [356]
Sigmunda, f. Ger. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sigmundr, m. Nor. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sigo, m. Ger. Teu. conquering, [359]
Sigrad, m. Ger. Teu. conquering council, [359]
Sigridur, f. Nor. Teu. conquering impulse, [359]
Sigrada, f. Ger. Teu. conquering council, [359]
Sigri, f. Nor. Teu. conquering impulse, [359]
Sigrich, m. Ger. Teu. conquering rule, [357]
Sigrid, f. Nor. Teu. conquering council, [357]
Sigtrud, f. Nor. Teu. conquering maid, [359]
Sigtrygge, m. Nor. conquering security, [359]
Sigufrit, m. Ger. Teu. conquering peace, [359]
Sigulf, m. Nor. Teu. conquering wolf, [359]
Sigurd, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [359]
Sigvalldr, m. Nor. Teu. conquering power, [359]
Sigvor, m. Nor. Teu. conquering prudence, [359]
Sigwald, m. Ger. Teu. conquering power, [359]
Sigward, m. Ger. Teu. conquering guard, [359]
Silas, m. Eng. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sile, f. Erse, Lat. [179]
Silvain, m. Fr. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvano, m. It. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvester, m. Eng. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvestre, m. Fr. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvia, f. It. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvie, f. Fr. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Silvio, m. It. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sim, m. Eng. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simaith, m. Kelt. peaceful, [47]
Simanas, m. Lett. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simao, m. Port. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simej, m. Ill. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simeon, m. Eng. Ger. Fr. Heb. obedient, [7], [19]
Simmas, m. Lith. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simo, m. Ill. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simon, m. Fr. Eng. Ger. Span. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simonas, m. Lett. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simone, m. It. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simonette, f. Fr. Heb. obedient, [19]
Simson, m. Fr. Heb. splendid sun, [39]
Simo, m. Ill. Heb. obedient, [19]
Sindbald, m. Ger. Teu. sparkling prince (?), [379]
Sindbert, m. Ger. Teu. sparkling bright, [379]
Sindolf, m. Ger. Teu. sparkling wolf, [379]
Sindram, m. Ger. Teu. sparkling raven, [379]
Sinibaldo, m. It. Teu. sparkling prince, [379]
Sinovij, m. Russ. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Sinovija, f. Russ. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Sintram, m. Ger. Teu. sparkling raven, [379]
Sioltiach, m. Gael. Kelt. sower, [254]
Sipp, m. Bav. Heb. addition, [23]
Sired, f. Norman, Teu. conquering impulse, [359]
Siri, f. Nor. Teu. conquering impulse, [359]
Siroslav, m. Slav. Slav. far famed, [435]
Siseberto, m. Span. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Sisebuto, m. Span. Teu. conquering commander, [359]
Sis, f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Sisley, f. Eng. Lat. blind, [144]
Sisman, m. Ill. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sismonde, m. It. Teu. conquering protection, [359]
Sisto, m. It. Lat. sixth, [138]
Sitto, m. Fries. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Siurd, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [359]
Siulf, m. Nor. Teu. conquering wolf, [359]
Siward, m. Eng. Teu. conquering guardian, [359]
Sixte, m. Fr. Lat. sixth, [138]
Sixtus, m. Eng. Lat. sixth, [138]
Sizo, m. Ger. Teu. conquering brightness, [359]
Sjovald, m. Nor. Teu. conquering power, [359]
Sjovar, m. Nor. Teu. conquering prudence, [359]
Sjul, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [359]
Sjurd, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [359]
Skak, m. Nor. Teu. servant.
Skarphedinn, Nor. Teu. sharp attack, [304]
Skegg, m. Nor. Teu. beard, [427]
Skender, m. Slav. helper of man, [85]
Skerste, m. Lett. Gr. Christian, [105]
Skersts, m. Lett. Gr. Christian, [105]
Skialde, m. Nor. Teu. shield, [352]
Skiolde, m. Nor. Teu. shield, [352]
Skioldbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. shield bear, [352]
Skioldulf, m. Nor. Teu. shield wolf, [352]
Skioldvar, m. Nor. Teu. shield caution, [352]
Sklear, m. Bret. Lat. famous, [185]
Skleara, f. Bret. Lat. famous, [185]
Skuldr, f. Nor. Teu. shall, [306]
Skule, m. Nor. Teu. shield, [352]
Slavoje, m. Slav. Slav. glorious love, [435]
Slavofjub, m. Slav. Slav. glorious love, [435]
Slavomil, m. Slav. Slav. glorious friend, [435]
Slavomir, m. Slav. Slav. glorious peace, [435]
Smaragda, f. M. Gr. Gr. emerald, [124]
Smaragdos, m. M. Ger. Gr. emerald, [125]
Smil, m. Slav. Slave, beloved, [439]
Smiljan, m. Slav. Slave, everlasting flower, [438]
Smiljana, f. Slav. Slav. everlasting flower, [438]
Smoljan, m. Ill. Slav. long-nosed, [446]
Smoljana, f. Ill. Slav. long-nosed, [445]
Snæbiorn, m. Nor. Teu. snow bear, [348], [339]
Snæfrid, f. Nor. Teu. snow fair, [348]
Snælaug, f. m. Nor. Teu. snow ocean, [348]
Snæulf, m. Nor. Teu. snow wolf, [348]
Snorre, m. Nor. Teu. striving, [418]
Snorro, m. Lat. Teu. striving, [418]
Sodomina, f. Erse, Kelt. good lady, [258]
Sofia, f. Hung. It. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Sol, f. Span. Nor. Teu. sun.
Solle, m. Nor. Teu. armour, [352]
Soloma, f. Eng. Heb. peace, [48]
Sölmund, m. Dan. Teu. healing protection, [352]
Solomon, m. Eng. Heb. peaceful, [48]
Solva, f. Nor. Teu. healing drink, [352]
Solvar, healthy warrior, [352]
Solve, m. Dan. Teu. healthy warrior, [352]
Solveig, f. m. Nor. Teu. healing drink, [352]
Somerled, m. Scot. Teu. summer wanderer, [432]
Somhle, m. Gael. Teu. summer wanderer, [432]
Sophia, f. Eng. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Sophie, f. Fr. Ger. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Sophocles, m. Lat. Gr. wise fame, [107]
Sophonisba, f. Eng. Phœn.
Sophron, m. Eng. Gr. of sound mind.
Sophronia, f. Eng. Gr. of sound mind.
Sophy, f. Eng. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Sorcha, f. Erse, Kelt. bright, [13]
Sorle, m. Nor. Teu. armour, [352]
Sosana, f. Wall. Heb. lily, [50]
Speranza, f. It. Lat. hope, [196]
Sperata, f. It. Lat. hoped for, [196]
Spira, f. Ill. Gr. round basket, [124]
Spiridion, m. Ill. Gr. round basket, [124]
Spiridione, m. It. Gr. round basket, [124]
Spranzis, m. Lett. Teu. free, [299]
Sprinzchen, f. N. Lands, Teu. free, [299]
Sprizzis, m. Lett. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Spyridōn, m. M. Gr. Gr. round basket, [124]
Spyro, m. M. Gr. Gr. round basket, [124]
Ssachka, m. Russ. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Ssachnika, m. Russ. Gr. helper of men, [85]
Ssava, m. Russ. Heb. rest (?), [216]
Ssemar, m. Russ. Heb. obedient, [19]
Ssenka, m. Russ. Heb. obedient, [19]
Sserezeca, Russ. Lat. [152]
Ssergii, m. Russ. Lat. [152]
Ssevastjan, m. Russ. Gr. awful, [111]
Ssevastjana, f. Russ. Gr. awful, [111]
Ssevilla, f. Russ. Lat. wise old woman, [178]
Ssimeon, m. Russ. Heb. obedient, [19]
Ssimon, m. Russ. Heb. obedient, [19]
Ssofija, f. Russ. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Ssonia, f. Russ. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Ssoninska, f. Russ. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Ssusanna, f. Russ. Heb. lily, [50]
Staale, m. Nor. Teu. steel, [349]
Stach, m. Pol. Slav. camp glory, [44]
Stacherl, m. Bav. Gr. happy harvest, [89]
Staches, m. Bav. Gr. happy harvest, [89]
Stachis, m. Lett. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stachus, m. Bav. Gr. happy harvest, [89]
Stacy, f. Ir. Gr. resurrection, [110]
Stanca, f. Ill. Lat. firm, [162]
Stanel, m. Bav. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanerl, m. Bav. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanes, m. Bav. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanisav, m. Ill. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanisl, m. Bav. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanislao, m. Port. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanislaus, m. Ger. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanislav, m. Pol. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanislaos, m. Lett. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanko, m. Ill. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stanze, f. Ger. Lat. firm, [161]
Stas, m. Bav. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Stas, m. Pol. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stasi, m. Bav. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Stasrl, m. Bav. Gr. of the resurrection, [110]
Stastny, m. Bohm. Slav. happy, [441]
Statire, f. Fr. Zend. [58]
Stefan, m. Slov. Swiss, Pol. Gr. crown, [96]
Stefanida, f. Russ. Gr. crown, [96]
Stefanie, f. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Stefano, m. It. Gr. crown, [96]
Steffano, m. It. Gr. crown, [96]
Steffel, m. Bav. Gr. crown, [96]
Stein, m. Nor. Teu. stone, [349]
Steinarna, f. m. Nor. Teu. stone eagle, [349]
Steinar, m. Nor. Teu. stone warrior, [349]
Steinbjorn, m. Nor. Teu. stone bear, [349]
Steindor, m. Nor. Teu. stone of Thor, [349]
Steinfinn, m. Nor. Teu. stone white, [349]
Steingrim, m. Nor. Teu. stone helmet, [349]
Steinhar, m. Ger. Teu. stone warrior, [349]
Steinthor, m. Nor. Teu. stone of Thor, [349]
Steinulv, m. Nor. Teu. stone wolf, [349]
Steinvor, m. Nor. Teu. stone prudence, [349]
Stella, f. Eng. Lat. star, [57]
Sten, m. Ger. Teu. stone, [349]
Stenka, m. Russ. Gr. crown, [96]
Stenzel, m. Schleswig. Slav. camp glory, [440]
Stepan, m. Russ. Bohm. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepania, f. Ill. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepanida, f. Russ. Gr. crown, [97]
Stephan, m. Ger. Gr. crown, [96]
Stephana, f. Eng. Gr. crown, [96]
Stephanie, f. Ger. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Stephanine, f. Ger. Gr. crown, [96]
Stephanos, m. Gr. crown, [96]
Stephen, m. Eng. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepica, m. Ill. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepka, m. Russ. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepko, m. Ill. Gr. crown, [96]
Stepo, m. Ill. Gr. crown, [96]
Sterkulv, m. Nor. Teu. strong wolf, [336]
Steven, m. Dutch, Gr. crown, [96]
Stigand, m. Eng. Teu. mounting, [434]
Stilicho, m. Lat. Teu. steel, [349]
Stine, f. Ger. Gr. Christian, [105]
Stoffel, m. Bav. Swiss, Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Stoppel, m. Bav. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Strachota, m. Bohm. Slav. terror.
Strasimir, m. Slav. Slav. terrible peace, [440]
Strasislav, m. Slav. Slav. terrible glory, [440]
Stratonice, f. Eng. Gr. army victory, [212]
Styge, m. Nor. Teu. rising, [434]
Stygge, m. Nor. Teu. rising, [434]
Styntje, f. Dutch, Gr. Christian, [105]
Styrk, f. Dan. Teu. strong, [424]
Styrker, m. Nor. Teu. strong, [424]
Sue, f. Eng. Heb. lily, [50]
Sueno, m. Lat. Teu. strong, [424]
Suintila, m. Goth. Teu. strength, [424]
Sukey, f. Eng. Heb. lily, [50]
Sulia, m. Bret. Lat. downy beard, [150]
Suliana, f. Bret. Lat. downy beard, [150]
Suleiman, m. Arab. Heb. peaceful, [47]
Sulpice, m. Fr. Lat. red spotted face, [152]
Sulpicius, m. Lat. red spotted face, [152]
Sulpoy, m. Ger. Lat. red spotted face, [152]
Sumalide, m. Nor. Teu. summer wanderer, [432]
Susan, f. Eng. Heb. lily, [50]
Susana, f. Span. Heb. lily, [50]
Susanna, f. Ger. Heb. lily, [50]
Susannah, f. Eng. Heb. lily, [50]
Susechen, f. Ger. Heb. lily, [50]
Suse, f. Lett. Heb. lily, [50]
Susette, f. Fr. Heb. lily, [50]
Susie, f. Eng. Heb. lily, [50]
Suska, f. Slav. Heb. lily, [50]
Suson, f. Fr. Heb. lily, [50]
Suzanne, f. Fr. Heb. lily, [50]
Suzette, f. Fr. Heb. lily, [50]
Suzan, f. Fr. Heb. lily, [50]
Suzsi, f. Hung. Heb. lily, [50]
Svein, m. Nor. Teu. youth, [424]
Sven, m. Nor. Teu. youth, [424]
Svewke, m. Nor. Teu. youth, [424]
Svenbjorn, m. Nor. Teu. young bear, [424]
Sverke, m. Nor. Teu. swarthy, [428]
Sverkir, m. Nor. Teu. swarthy, [428]
Svevlad, m. Slov. Slav. all ruler, [442]
Svjatopolk, m. Russ. Slav. holy government, [441]
Svjatoslav, m. Ruaa. Slav, holy glory, [441]
Swain, m. Eng. Teu. youth, [424]
Swana, f. Nor. Teu. swan, [346]
Swanbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. swan bright, [346]
Swanhild, f. Nor. Teu. swan battle maid, [346]
Swanhold, m. Ger. Teu. swan firm, [346]
Swanlaug, f. Nor. Teu. swan water, [346]
Sawnhvit[Sawnhvit], f. Nor. Teu. swan white, [346]
Swend, m. Dan. Teu. strong youth, [424]
Swenike, m. Nor. Teu. strong, [424]
Swetlana, f. Russ. Teu. star, [439]
Swibert, m. Fris. Teu. brightness, [424]
Swidbiorg, f. Nor. Teu. strong protection, [424]
Swidger, m. Nor. Teu. strong spear, [424]
Swintfried, m. Ger. Teu. strong peace, [424]
Swithbeorht, m. A.S. Teu. strong brightness, [424]
Swithelm, m. A.S. Teu. strong helmet, [424]
Swithun, m. Eng. Teu. strong friend, [424]
Sylvanus, m. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sylvester, m. Eng. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sylvia, f. Eng. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sylvius, m. Lat. living in a wood, [179]
Sygfryd, m. Pol. Teu. conquering peace, [357]
Syver, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [357]
Syvert, m. Nor. Teu. conquering guard, [357]
Szymon, m. Pol. Heb. obedient, [18]

Tabby, f. Eng. Aram. gazelle, [50]
Tabeia, f. Ger. Aram. gazelle, [50]
Tabbern, m. Fris. Teu. people’s sword, [375]
Tabitha, f. Eng. Aram. gazelle, [50]
Taddeo, m. Ill. Aram. praise, [20]
Tade, m. Ill. Aram. praise, [20]
Tade, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Tadeiv, m. Nor. Thor’s relic, [302]
Tadeo, m. Span. Aram. praise, [20]
Tadgh, m. Erse, Kelt. poet, [257]
Tadia, m. Ill. Aram. praise, [20]
Taedlef, m. Fris. Teu. people’s relic, [374]
Taffy, m. Welsh, Heb. beloved, [46]
Tafline, f. Welsh, Heb. beloved, [46]
Taganwart, m. O. Ger. Teu. day guard, [334]
Tago, m. Span. Teu. day, [334]
Tajo, m. Span. Teu. day, [344]
Takaperaht, m. O. Ger. Teu. day bright, [334]
Talitha Cumi, f. Eng. Aram. damsel arise.
Tallwch, Cym. Kelt. torrent, [275]
Tam, m. Scot. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamar, f. Eng. Heb. palm, [26]
Tamas, m. Hung. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamassa, m. Lat. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamasine, f. Eng. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamkus, m. Lett. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamlane, m. Scot. Aram. twin, [22]
Tammy, f. Eng. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamoszus, m. Lett. Aram. twin, [22]
Tamzin, f. Eng. Aram. twin, [22]
Tancar, m. Ger. Teu. grateful warrior, [371]
Tancard, m. Eng. Teu. grateful guard, [371]
Tancred, m. Eng. Teu. grateful speech, [371]
Tancredi, m. It. Teu. grateful speech, [371]
Taniel, m. Esth. Heb. judgment of God, [50]
Tankred, m. Ger. Teu. thankful speech, [371]
Tanne, m. Lett. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tanneguy, m. Bret. Kelt. [252]
Tanni, m. Esth. Heb. judgment of God, [50]
Tate, f. A.S.S. cheerful, [429]
Tavid, m. Esth. Heb. beloved, [46]
Teague, m. Ir. Kelt. poet, [257]
Tearlach, m. Gael. Teu. man, [386]
Tebaldo, m. It. Teu. people’s valour, [374]
Tebes, m. Swiss, Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tecla, f. It. Ger. divine fame, [100]
Ted, m. Eng. Teu. rich guard.
Tedor, m. Hamburgh, Gr. divine gift, [101]
Tedric, m. Norman, Teu. people’s rule, [374]
Tegan Euvron, m. Welsh, Kelt. golden beauty, [234]
Teitr, m. Nor. Teu. cheerful, [429]
Telemachus, m. Lat. Gr. distant battle, [75]
Telemaque, m. Fr. Gr. distant battle, [75]
Temperance, f. Eng. Lat.
Tennis, m. Lett. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Tennis, m. Lett. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tents, m. Lett. Gr. of Dionysos, [70]
Teobald, m. Pol. Teu. people’s valour, [374]
Teobaldo, m. It. Teu. people’s valour, [374]
Teodor, m. Pol. Slov. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Teodora, f. It. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Teodorico, m. It. Teu. people’s ruler, [373]
Teodoro, f. It. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Teodosia, f. It. Russ. Gr. divine gift, [101].
Teodosio, m. It. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Teodorico, m. It. Teu. people’s rule, [373]
Teofil, m. Slav. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Teofila, f. It. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Teofilo, m. It. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Terence, m. Ir. Lat. tender, [152]
Terentia, f. Lat. tender, [152]
Terentilla, f. Lat. tender, [152]
Terentius, m. Lat. tender, [152]
Terenz, m. Ger. Lat. tender, [152]
Teresa, f. It. Span. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Teresina, f. Pol. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Teresita, f. It. Span. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Terezia, f. Ill. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Terezia, f. Hung. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Terezie, f. Bohm. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Terezyga, f. Pol. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Terry, m. Eng. people’s rule, [375]
Terza, f. Ill. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Tertia, m. Lat. third, [137]
Tertius, m. Lat. third, [137]
Tertulla, third, [137]
Tertullianus, [137]
Tetje, m. Hamb. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Teunis, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Teuntje, f. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tewa, m. Esth. Gr. crown, [96]
Tewdur, m. Welsh, Gr. divine gift, [101]
Tewdews, f. Welsh, divinely given, [101]
Tewes, m. Hamburgh, Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Thaddä, m. Ger. Aram. praise, [20]
Thaddæus, m. Eng. Aram. praise, [20], [257]
Thaddej, m. Russ. Aram. praise, [20]
Thaddea, m. Port. Aram. praise, [20]
Thady, m. Ir. Aram. praise, [20]
Thaiter, Erse, Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Thakkraad, Nor. Teu. thankful speech, [371]
Thalia, f. Eng. Gr. bloom, [72]
Thangbrand, Nor. Teu. thankful sword, [371]
Thean, m. Fr. Teu. people’s rule, [375]
Thecla, f. Eng. Gr. divine fame, [100]
Thecle, f. Fr. Gr. divine fame, [100]
Thedo, m. West Fris. Gr. divine gift, [100]
Thekla, f. Ger. Gr. divine fame, [100]
Theobald, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Theobalda, f. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Theobaldo, m. Port. Teu. people’s valour, [374]
Theobul, m. Ger. Gr. divine council, [100]
Theobulaire, f. Ger. Gr. divine council, [100]
Theoboulus, m. Lat. Gr. divine council, [100]
Theodebald, A.S.S. [373]
Theodomair, [373]
Theodemaro, [374]
Theodisclo, Span. Teu. people’s pledge, [374]
Theodolf, m. Ger. Teu. people’s wolf, [374]
Theodhard, m. Fr. Teu. people’s firmness, [375]
Theodofredo, m. Span. Teu. people’s peace, [375]
Theodor, m. Ger. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Theodokar, m. Frank. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Theodora, f. Eng. Ger. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Theodorada, f. Ger. Teu. people’s council, [373]
Theodore, m. Eng. Fr. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Theodoric, m. Frank. Teu. people’s rule, [373]
Theodorico, m. Port. Teu. people’s rule, [373]
Theodoro, m. Port. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Theodoros, m. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Theodorus, m. Lat. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Theodose, m. Fr. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Theodosia, f. Ger. Eng. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Theodosio, m. Port. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Theodosius, m. Lat. Gr. divinely given, [103]
Theodotos, m. Gr. Gr. divinely given, [103]
Theodric, Eng. Teu. people’s ruler, [373]
Theodrekr, m. Nor. Teu. people’s rule, [373]
Theodule, f. Fr. Gr. God’s servant, [103]
Theone, f. Ger. Gr. godly, [103]
Theophanes, m. Lat. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Theophania, f. Ger. Lat. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Theophanie, f. Fr. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Theophano, f. N. Ger. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Theophil, m. Ger. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Theophila, f. Eng. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Theophile, m. Fr. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Theophilo, m. Port. Gr. God loved, [100]
Theophilos, m. Gr. Gr. divinely loved, [100]
Theophilus, m. Eng. Gr. God beloved, [100]
Theotari, m. Finn. Gr. divine gift, [103]
Theresa, f. Eng. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Therèse, f. Fr. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Theresia, f. Ger. Gr. harvester, [124]
Theresie, f. Ger. Gr. harvester, [124]
Theudebaldo, m. Span. Teu. people’s prince, [375]
Theudebold, m. Frank. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Theudebert, m. Frank. Teu. people’s brightness, [374]
Theudebrand, m. Ger. Teu. people’s sword, [375]
Theudefred, m. Goth. Teu. people’s peace, [375]
Theudegisle, m. Ger. Teu. people’s pledge, [375]
Theudis, m. Span. Teu. the people, [375]
Theudhilda, f. Frank. Teu. people’s heroine, [375]
Theudolind, f. Ger. Teu. people’s snake, [375]
Theudomir, m. Frank. Teu. people’s fame, [375]
Theudowin, m. Frank. Teu. people’s friend, [375]
Theunis, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Thiadmar, m. Fris. Teu. people’s fame, [375]
Thiadelef, m. Fris. Teu. people’s love, [375]
Thias, m. Eng. Heb. gift of God, [15]
Thieu, m. Fr. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Thebald, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Thiebault, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Thibaud, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Thibault, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Thierry, m. Fr. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Thiesli, m. Swiss, Heb. gift of God, [15], [103]
Thiess, m. L. Ger. Heb. gift of God, [15]
Thiedolf, m. Nor. Teu. people’s wolf, [375]
Thiostan, m. Nor. Teu. harsh warrior, [419]
Thiostolf, m. Nor. Teu. harsh wolf, [419]
Thiostwald, m. Nor. Teu. harsh power, [419]
Thiou, m. Fr. Teu. people’s wolf, [375]
Thirza, f. Ger. Heb. pleasantness, [38]
Thjodgeir, m. Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Thjodhildr, f. Nor. Teu. people’s heroine, [375]
Thjodhjalm, m. Nor. Teu. people’s helmet, [375]
Thjodleif, m. Dan. people’s relic, [375]
Thjodulv, m. Nor. Teu. people’s wolf, [375]
Thjodvald, m. Nor. Teu. peoples power, [375]
Thjodvar, m. Nor. Teu. people’s prudence, [375]
Thoddeiv, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s relic, [302], [332]
Tholliev, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s relic, [302], [332]
Thoma, m. Wall. Aram. twin, [21]
Thomas, m. Fr. Eng. Aram. twin, [21]
Thomasia, f. Ger. Aram. twin, [22]
Thomasin, f. Ger. Aram. twin, [22]
Thomasine, f. Eng. Aram. twin, [22]
Thor, m. Ger. Teu. the thunder god, [301]
Thora, f. Nor. Teu. thunder, [302]
Thorald, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s power, [302]
Thoralfr, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s elf, [302]
Thorarin, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s eagle, [302]
Thorarna, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s eagle, [302]
Thorbera, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s she bear, [302]
Thorberg, f. Ger. Teu. Thor’s protection, [302]
Thorbert, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s splendour, [302]
Thorbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s protection, [302]
Thorbjorn, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s bear, [302]
Thorbrand, m. Ice. Teu. Thor’s sword, [302]
Thord, m. Nor. Teu. thunder, [302]
Thorer, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s warrior, [302]
Thordis, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s household spirit, [302], [308]
Thorfinn, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s white man, [302]
Thorfinna, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s white woman, [302]
Thorgard, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s guard, [302]
Thorgautr, m. Nor. Teu. Thor the good, [302]
Thorgerda, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s maiden, [302]
Thorgestur, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s guest, [302]
Thorgils, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s pledge, [302]
Thorgisla, f. Dan. Teu. Thor’s pledge, [302]
Thorgrim, m. Ice. Teu. Thor the helmeted, [302]
Thorgunna, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s war, [302]
Thorhall, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s stone, [302]
Thorhalla, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s stone, [302]
Thorhilda, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s battle maid, [302]
Thorhilde, f. Ger. Teu. Thor’s battle maid, [302]
Thorismondo, m. Span. Teu. Thor’s protection, [302]
Thorismund, m. Goth. Teu. Thor’s protection, [302]
Thorkatla, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [302]
Thorketyl, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [302]
Thorkjell, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [302]
Thorlaug, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s liquor, [302]
Thorleif, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s relic, [302]
Thorleik, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s sport, [302]
Thormod, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s mood, [302]
Thorold, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s power, [302]
Thorolf, m. Ger. Teu. Thor’s wolf, [302]
Thorothea, f. M. Gr. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Thorstein, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s jewel, [302]
Thorulva, f. Nor. Teu. Thor’s wolf woman, [302]
Thorunna, f. Ice. Teu. Thor’s free woman, [302]
Thorvalldr, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s power, [302]
Thorvid, m. Nor. Thor’s consecration, [302]
Thorwald, m. Ger. Teu. Thor’s power, [303]
Thrall, m. Nor. Teu. serf, [331]
Thrine, f. Ger. Gr. pure, [123]
Thrudr, f. Nor. Teu. battle maid of constancy, [319]
Thumas, m. O. Fr. Aram. twin, [21]
Thursday, m. Eng. [445]
Thurstan, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s jewel, [302]
Thyrgils, m. Swed. Teu. Thor’s pledge, [302]
Thyra, f. Nor. Teu. belonging to Tyr, [306]
Thyrza, f. Eng. Heb. pleasantness, [38]
Tiabbern, m. Fris. Teu. people’s sword, [375]
Tiaddo, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiadelef, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiaderik, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiado, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiago, m. Span. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Tiallef, m. Fris. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiard, m. Fris. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tiarik, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Tiark, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiart, m. Fris. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tib, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tibal, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tiballa, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tibaut, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tibbie, f. Scot. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Tibble, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tibelda, f. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tibotta, f. Eng. people’s prince, [374]
Tibout, m. Fr. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tide, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tidmer, m. Fris. Teu. people’s fame, [374]
Tido, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [374]
Tiebold, m. Ger. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tiedmer, m. Fris. Teu. people’s fame, [375]
Tienette, f. Fr. Gr. crown, [97]
Tiennon, m. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Tiennot, m. Fr. Gr. crown, [96]
Tiernan, m. Ir. Kelt, kingly, [258]
Tietje, m. Neth. Teu. people’s rule, [375]
Tiffany, f. Eng. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Tiga, f. Lett. Gr. God’s gift, [101]
Tighearnach, m. Erse, Kelt. kingly, [257]
Tigo, m. Lett. Gr. God’s gift, [102]
Tihomil, m. Slav. Slav. silent love, [445]
Tihomir, m. Slav. Slav. silent peace, [445]
Tihoslav, m. Slav. Slave, silent glory, [445]
Tike, f. Lett. Gr. God’s gift, [101]
Tikla, f. Pol. Slav. goddess of good luck.
Til, f. Eng. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Tilda, f. Eng. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Tile, m. Neth. Teu. people’s rule, [373]
Tille, f. Ger. Teu. mighty battle maid, [422]
Tilo, m. Fris. Teu. people’s rule, [375]
Tim, m. Ir. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timofei, m. Russ. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timoscha, m. Russ. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timoteo, m. It. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timothea, f. Eng. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timothée, m. Fr. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timotheos, m. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timotheus, m. Ger. Lat. fear God, [104]
Timothy, m. Eng. Lat. fear God, [104]
Timotij, m. Pol. Gr. fear God, [104]
Timotij, m. Slav. Gr. fear God, [104]
Tina, f. It. Teu. man, [359]
Tine, f. Ger. Gr. Christian, [105]
Tio, f. Esth. Gr. gift of God, [101]
Tirzah, f. Eng. Heb. pleasantness, [38]
Tiphaïne, f. Fr. Gr. divine manifestation, [212]
Tit, m. Esth. Lat. safe (?), [136]
Tita, m. It. Lat. safe, [136]
Tite, m. Fr. Lat. safe, [136]
Titianus, m. Lat. safe, [136]
Tito, f. It. Lat. safe (?), [136]
Titurius, m. Lat. safe, [136]
Titus, m. Lat. safe, [136]
Tivador, m. Hung. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Tiz, Lett. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Tiziano, m. It. Lat. safe, [136]
Tjerri, m. Russ. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Tjod, m. Nor. Teu. the people, [375]
Tjodgjer, m. Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Tjodrekr, m. Nor. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Tjodulv, m. Nor. Teu. people’s wolf, [375]
Tjodwald, m. Nor. Teu. people’s power, [375]
Tjokle, f. Russ. Gr. divine fame, [103]
Tobeis, m. Swiss, Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobej, m. Russ. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobia, m. It. Ger. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobias, m. Hung. Eng. Span. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobiasz, m. Pol. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobies, m. Swiss, Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobija, m. Russ. Slov. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Toby, m. Eng. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Tobysas, m. Lett. Heb. goodness of the Lord, [49]
Todo, m. Fris. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Todor, m. Ill. Slov. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Todorik, m. Slov. Teu. people’s ruler, [375]
Toff, m. Neth. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Toffel, m. Neth. Gr. Christ bearer, [106]
Toger, Nor. Teu. people’s spear, [375]
Toinette, f. Fr. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Toinon, f. Fr. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Toirdelvach, m. Erse, Kelt. tall as a tower, [259]
Toke, m. Dan. raving, [419]
Tolla, f. Rom. Lat. victor, [197]
Tollo, m. Rom. Lat. victor, [197]
Tolomieu, m. Fr. Heb. son of furrows, [25]
Tolv, m. Dan. Teu. Thor’s wolf, [302]
Tom, m. Eng. Aram. twin, [21]
Toma, m. Ill. Aram. twin, [21]
Tomalhaid, m. Erse, Kelt. 21
Tomas, m. Span. Ill. Aram. twin, [21]
Tomasa, f. Span. Aram. twin, [21]
Tomasz, m. Pol. Aram. twin, [21]
Tome, m. Span. Aram. twin, [21]
Tommasso, m. It. Aram. twin, [21]
Tonek[Tonek], m. Slov. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tone, m. Slov. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonek, m. Slov. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Toni, m. Bav. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonietto, m. It. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonio, m. It. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonisech, m. Lus. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonjes, m. Fris. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonk, m. Lus. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonneli, m. Swiss, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonnies, m. Fris. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonnio, m. Esth. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tonnis, m. Esth. Lat. inestimable, [142]
Tool, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Toole, Ir. Kelt, lordly, [258]
Toon, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Toontje, m. Dutch, Lat. inestimable, [142]
Torchel, m. Norman, Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [301]
Toribio, m. Span. Teu. Thor’s bear (?), [302]
Torkel, m. Dan. Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [302]
Torketyl, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s cauldron, [302]
Torli, f. Swiss, Gr. gift of God, [101]
Tormaid, m. Gael. Teu. Niord’s man, [306]
Torquato, m. It. Lat. wearing a neck chain, [164]
Torquatus, m. Lat. wearing a neck chain, [164]
Torquil, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s pledge or cauldron, [164], [302]
Toso, m. Ill. Gr. divine gift, [302]
Tostain, m. Nor. Teu. Thor’s stone, [302]
Tostig, m. Eng. Teu. harsh day, [419]
Tostein, m. Fr. Teu. Thor’s stone, [302]
Totila, m. Lat. Teu. battle leader, [302]
Tott, m. Ger. Teu. people, [374]
Tots, m. Lett. Gr. fear God, [104]
Toussaint, m. Fr. Lat. all saints, [219]
Tovi, m. Swiss, Heb. beloved, [47]
Toveli, m. Swiss, Heb. beloved, [47]
Tracy, f. Eng. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Traherne, m. Welsh, Lat. [164]
Trajano, m. It. Lat. [164]
Trajanus, Lat. [164]
Traudl, f. Bav. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Traugott, m. Ger. trust God, [468]
Trenel, m. Bav. Gr. pure, [123]
Treschen, f. Hamb. Gr. harvester, [124]
Treuhold, m. Ger. faithful, [456]
Tri, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Trili, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Trine, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Trineli, f. Swiss, Gr. pure, [123]
Trinette, f. French, Gr. pure, [123]
Trino, f. Esth. Gr. pure, [123]
Tristan, m. Fr. Kelt. herald, [274]
Tristano, m. It. Kelt. herald, [274]
Tristram, m. Eng. Kelt. herald, [275]
Trix, f. Eng. Lat. blesser, [184]
Trod, f. Eng. Nor. constant battle maid, [319]
Trofeem, m. Russ. Gr. nourishing, [94]
Trophimus, m. Lat. Gr. nourishing, [94]
Troth, f. Eng. Teu. constant battle maid, [319]
Trudchen, f. Ger. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Trude, f. Ger. Lett. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Trudel, f. N. Lands. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Trudje, f. Neth. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Truta, f. Esth. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Truto, f. Esth. Teu. spear maid, [368]
Trwst, m. Cym. Kelt. proclaimer, [275]
Tryg, m. Nor. Teu. true, [319]
Tryggve, m. Nor. Teu. true, [421]
Tryn, f. Dutch, Gr. pure, [123]
Tryphena, f. Eng. Gr. dainty, [94]
Tryphon, m. Gr. dainty, [94]
Tryphosa, f. Eng. Gr. dainty, [94]
Trystam, m. Eng. Kelt. herald, [275]
Tsassen, f. Fris. Gr. Christian, [105]
Tuathal, m. Erse, Kelt. lordly, [258]
Tualthflaith, f. Erse, Kelt. noble lady, [258]
Tudor, m. Welsh, Gr. divine gift, [101]
Tugendreich, m. Ger. Teu. virtue rich.
Tullia, f. It. Lat. spout of blood (?), [130]
Tullius, m. Lat. spout of blood (?), [130]
Tullus, m. Lat. spout of blood (?), [130]
Tunstal, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s wolf, [302]
Tunstan, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s stone, [302]
Tuomas, m. Finn. Aram. twin, [21]
Turcetyl, m. A.S. Teu. Thor’s kettle, [302]
Turgar, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s spear, [302]
Turketul, m. Eng. Teu. Thor’s kettle, [302]
Turlozgh, m. Ir. Kelt. tower like, [259]
Tverdimir, m. Slav. firm peace, [442]
Tverdislav, m. Slav. firm glory, [442]
Tverdko, m. Slav. firm, [442]
Twador, m. Hung. Gr. divine gift, [101]
Tybal, f. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tyballa, f. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tybalt, m. Eng. Teu. people’s prince, [374]
Tycho, m. Lat. Teu. raging, [419]
Tyeddemar, m. Fris. Teu. people’s fame, [374]
Tyke, m. Dan. Teu. raging, [419]
Tyge, m. Dan. Teu. raging, [419]
Tymolensz, m. Slav. Gr. fear God, [104]
Tyno, m. Lus. Lat. healthy, [153]
Tyre, m. Dan. Teu. divine, [306]
Tziasso, m. Fris. Gr. Christian, [105]

Uadelbrecht, m. O. Ger. Teu. nobly bright, [409]
Uadalrich, m. O. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [410]
Uailsi, f. Erse, Kelt. proud, [224]
Ubald, m. Ger. Teu. mind prince, [354]
Ubalde, m. Fr. Teu. mind prince, [354]
Ubaldo, m. It. Teu. mind prince, [354]
Uberto, m. Span. It. Teu. mind bright, [354]
Uc, m. Prov. Teu. mind, [353]
Uchtred, m. Eng. Teu. mind council, [353]
Ucko, m. Fris. Teu. noble rule, [412]
Uda, f. Ger. Teu. rich, [378]
Udalland, m. Ger. Teu. noble country, [412]
Udalrich, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Udalrike, f. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Udalrique, f. Fr. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Udolfo, m. Ital. Teu. noble wolf, [409]
Udve, m. Nor. Teu. rich war, [378]
Ueli, m. Swiss, Teu. noble ruler, [412]
Uffo, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Uggieri, m. It. Teu. holy, [402]
Ugo, m. It. Teu. mind, [353]
Ugolino, m. It. Teu. mind, [353]
Ugon, m. Ill. Teu. mind, [353]
Ugone, m. It. Teu. mind, [353]
Ugotto, m. It. Teu. mind, [353]
Uguccione, m. Ital. Teu. mind, [353]
Ugues, m. O. Fr. Teu. mind, [353]
Uisdean, m. Gael. Teu. mind, [353]
Uladislaus, m. Lat. Slav. ruling glory, [442]
Uland, m. Ger. Teu. noble country, [412]
Ulbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. noble splendour, [410]
Uldriks, m. Lett. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulerk, m. Fris. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulf, m. Nor. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ulfac, m. Eng. Teu. tall wolf, [336]
Ulfar, m. Nor. Teu. wolf warrior, [336]
Ulfener, m. Eng. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ulferd, m. Ger. Teu. noble peace, [410]
Ulfilas, m. Lat. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ulfried, m. Ger. Teu. noble peace, [410]
Ulfric, m. Eng. Teu. wolf ruler, [336]
Ulfhedinn, m. Ice. Teu. wolf fury, [336]
Ulfherdur, m. Ice. Teu. wolf guard, [336]
Ulick, m. Fr. Teu. mind reward, [75]
Uliseo, m. It. Gr. hater, [75]
Ulisse, m. Fr. Gr. hater, [75]
Ulfliotr, m. Ice. wolf warrior, [336]
Ulk, f. m. Fris. Teu. noble rule, [410]
Ull, m. Nor. Teu. will, [314]
Ulla, f. Nor. Teu. will, [314]
Ullr, m. Nor. Teu. [314]
Ulphilas, m. Lat. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ullric, m. Bohm. Fr. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrica, f. Eng. Rom. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrick, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrico, m. Ital. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrih, m. Slov. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrik, m. Fris. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ulrika, f. Russ. Teu. noble rule, [409]
Ulrike, f. Ger. Teu. noble rule, [409]
Ulrique, f. Fr. Teu. noble rule, [409]
Ulryk, m. Pol. Teu. noble rule, [409]
Ulryka, f. Pol. Teu. noble rule, [409]
Ulv, m. Nor. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ulva, f. Nor. Teu. wolf, [336]
Ulvhildur, f. Nor. Teu. wolf battle maid, [336]
Ulysses, m. Lat. Gr. hater, [75]
Una, f. Erse, Kelt. famine, [254]
Unchi, f. Erse, Kelt. contentious, [224]
Undine, f. Ger. Lat. of the waves.
Unna, f. Ice. Teu. woman, [307]
Uoli, f. Swiss, Teu. noble ruler, [411]
Uote, f. Ger. Teu. rich, [378]
Uppo, m. Ger. Teu. wild boar, [337]
Upravda, m. Slav. uprightness, [444]
Urania, f. Eng. Gr. heavenly, [72]
Uranie, f. Fr. Gr. heavenly, [72]
Uranius, m. Lat. Gr. heavenly, [72]
Urbain, m. Fr. Lat. of the town, [202]
Urban, m. Ger. Eng. Lat. of the town, [202]
Urbana, f. Ger. Lat. of the town, [202]
Urbano, m. It. Lat. of the town, [202]
Urbanus, m. Lat. of the town, [202]
Urgel, m. Span. Teu. holy, [403]
Urraca, f. Span. Teu. council of war, [394]
Urien, m. Welsh, Gr. heavenly, [72]
Uric, m. Eng. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Ursa, f. Slov. Lat. bear, [199]
Urschel, f. Ger. Lat. bear, [199]
Urschla, f. Swiss, Lat. bear, [199]
Ursel, f. Eng. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursello, m. Rom. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursilo, m. It. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursin, m. Fr. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursino, m. It. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursley, f. Eng. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursola, f. Span. Lat. bear, [199]
Urssula, f. Russ. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursula, f. Ger. Eng. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursule, f. Fr. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursus, m. Lat. bear, [199]
Ursyn, m. Pol. bear, [199]
Urszula, f. Pol. Lat. bear, [199]
Urte, f. Lith. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Urvan, m. Russ. Lat. of the town, [202]
Uta, f. Ger. Teu. rich, [378]
Uthyr, m. Welsh, Kelt. terrible, [267]
Utz, m. Ger. Teu. noble ruler, [409]
Uzziah, m. Eng. Heb. might of the Lord, [9]

Vaccslav, m. Bohm. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Vaclav, m. Bohm. Pol. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Vacslav, m. Bohm. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Val, m. Eng. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. slaughter protection, [316]
Valborg, f. Swed. Teu. slaughter protection, [316]
Valburg, f. Swed. Teu. slaughter protection, [317]
Vald, m. Nor. Teu. power, [424]
Valdemar, m. Fr. Teu. powerful fame, [315]
Valdis, f. Nor. Teu. spirit of slaughter, [317]
Valdus, m. Lat. Teu. power, [215]
Valericus, m. Lat. Teu. slaughter spear, [316]
Valek, m. Bohm. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valente, m. It. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentim, m. Port. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentin, m. Fr. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentina, f. It. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentine, m. Eng. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentine, f. Fr. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentino, m. It. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentinus, m. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valentyn, m. Pol. Lat. healthy, [153]
Valer, m. Ger. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valasquita, f. Span. Teu. slaughter, [317]
Valère, m. Fr. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valeria, f. It. Ger. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerianus, m. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerie, f. Fr. Ger. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerien, m. Fr. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerij, m. Russ. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerio, m. It. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valerius, m. Lat. healthy, [152]
Valery, m. Fr. Teu. slaughter ruler, [317]
Valeska, f. Slav. Slav. ruling glory, [441]
Valgard, m. Nor. Teu. foreign spear, [316]
Valgjer, m. Ice. Teu. foreign spear, [316]
Valjgerda, m. Ice. Teu. foreign guard, [316]
Valheri, m. Frank. Teu. slaughter host, [316]
Vallia, m. Span. Teu. slaughter, [316]
Valmont, f. Fr. Teu. slaughter protection, [316]
Valpurgis, f. Ger. Teu. slaughter protection, or powerful protection, [317]
Valtheof, m. Nor. Teu. foreign thief, [316]
Valtrud, f. Nor. Teu. slaughter maid, [317]
Vanjuscha, Dutch, grace of God, [45]
Vanka, m. Russ. Heb. grace of God, [45]
Vanni, m. It. Heb. grace of God, [45]
Vanora, f. Scot. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Vara, f. Ill. Gr. stranger, [117]
Varfolomei, m. Russ. Aram. son of furrows, [25]
Varinka, f. Russ. Gr. stranger, [117]
Varnava, m. Russ. Aram. son of consolation, [24]
Vartholomei, m. Wall. Aram. son of furrows, [25]
Varvara, f. Russ. Gr. stranger, [117]
Vaschka, m. Russ. Gr. kingly, [57]
Vashti, f. Eng. Pers. [57]
Vasilij, m. Ill. Gr. royal, [112]
Vaso, m. Ill. Gr. royal, [112]
Vassilij, m. Russ. Gr. royal, [112]
Vassja, m. Russ. Gr. royal, [112]
Vasska, m. Russ. Gr. royal, [112]
Vatroslav, m. Slov. Slav. fiery glory, [441]
Vaubert, m. Fr. Teu. bright slaughter, [317]
Vaubourg, f. Fr. Teu. slaughter protection, [317]
Vaudru, f. Fr. Teu. slaughter maid, [317]
Vautrude, f. Fr. Teu. slaughter maid, [317]
Vavrinec, m. Bohm. Lat. laurel, [174]
Vavrzynec, m. Pol. Lat. laurel, [174]
Vebjorn, m. Nor. Teu. sacred bear, [320]
Vebrand, m. Nor. Teu. sacred sword, [320]
Vedis, f. Nor. Teu. sacred sprite, [320]
Vedorm, m. Nor. Teu. sacred snake, [321]
Vegjer, m. Nor. Teu. sacred spear, [321]
Vedhelm, m. Nor. Teu. sacred helmet, [321]
Vedhild, f. Nor. Teu. sacred battle maid, [321]
Vefeli, f. Ill. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Vehka, Bulg. great glory, [441]
Veicht, m. Bav. Teu. living, [198]
Veidl, m. Bav. Teu. living, [198]
Vekoslav, m. Slav. eternal glory, [441]
Vekoslava, f. Slav. eternal glory, [441]
Veleda, f. Teu. wise woman, [441]
Velislav, f. m. Bulg. Slav. great glory, [441]
Velika, f. Bulg. Slav. great, [441]
Velimir, m. Bulg. Slav. great peace, [441]
Venceslav, m. Slov. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Venedikt, m. Russ. Lat. blessed, [184]
Venetia, f. Eng. Kelt. blessed, [184]
Venice, f. Eng. Kelt. blessed, [184]
Ventura, m. It. Lat. well met, [185]
Venus, m. Lat. fair (?)
Venzeslaus, m. Ger. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Venzeslav, m. Russ. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Vera, f. Serv. Slav. faith, [449]
Verban, m. Slov. Lat. of the city, [202]
Vercingetorix, m. Lat. Kelt. chief of one hundred heads, [237]
Verena, Ger. Teu. sacred wisdom, [331]
Verena, f. Ger. Lat. Gr. true picture, [207]
Verenchen, f. Ger. Lat. Gr. true picture, [227]
Verenund, m. Nor. Teu. guardian protector, [377]
Vergosillanus, m. Lat. Kelt. man of the banner, [236]
Vermudo, m. Span. bear’s protection, [339]
Vernulfo, m. Span. Teu. bear wolf, [339]
Verra, f. Ill. Slav. faith, [449]
Veronica, f. It. Eng. Lat. Gr. true image, [207]
Veronike, f. Ger. Lat. Gr. true picture, [207]
Veronique, f. Fr. Lat. Gr. true picture, [207]
Verres, m. Lat. boar, [337]
Vestan, m. Nor. sacred stone, [321]
Vesteslav, m. Bohm. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Vestlide, m. Nor. Teu. western wanderer, [432]
Vetilide, m. Nor. Teu. winter wanderer, [432]
Veva, f. Ill. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Vevay, f. Bav. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Vevina, f. Scot. Kelt. melodious woman, [224]
Victoire, f. Fr. Lat. victorious, [197]
Victor, m. Ger. Fr. Eng. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Victoria, f. Eng. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Victorie, f. Ger. Lat. victorious, [197]
Victorine, f. Fr. Lat. victorious, [197]
Vid, m. Bohm. Lat. life, [320]
Vida, m. Hung. Lat. life, [198], [320]
Vida, f. Eng. Heb. beloved, [320]
Vigbrand, m. Ger. Teu. war sword, [418]
Vigelius, m. Lat. Teu. warring, [418]
Vigfus, m. Ger. Teu. war eagerness, [418]
Vigheard, m. A.S. Teu. war firmness, [418]
Viglaf, m. A.S. Teu. war relic, [418]
Vigleik, m. Nor. Teu. war sport, [418]
Viktor, m. Slav. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Vikentij, m. Russ. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Viking, m. Nor. Teu. bay inhabitant, [432]
Vilbjorg, f. Nor. Teu. resolute protection, [314]
Vilem, m. Bohm. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Vilelm, m. Pol. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Vilgelm, m. Russ. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Vilgerd, m. Nor. Teu. resolute protection, [314]
Vilhelm, Slov. Hung. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Vilhelmine, f. Swed. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Viljalm, m. Nor. Teu. resolute helmet, [314]
Vilibaldo, m. Port. Teu. resolute prince, [314]
Vincenc, m. Bohm. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincencio, m. Span. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincens, m. Ger. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincent, m. Eng. Fr. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincente, m. Port. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincenty, m. Pol. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincenz, m. Ger. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vincenzio, m. It. Lat. conquering, [197]
Vinciguerra, m. It. Lat. Teu. conquering war, [197]
Vincislao, m. It. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Vincze, m. Hung. Lat. conquering, [197]
Viola, f. It. Lat. violet, [206]
Violante, f. Span. Lat. violet, [206]
Violet, f. Scot. Lat. violet, [206]
Violette, f. Fr. Lat. violet, [206]
Virdumarus, m. Lat. Kelt. great dark man, [237]
Virgil, m. Eng. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virgile, m. Fr. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virgilio, m. It. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virgilius, m. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virginia, f. It. Eng. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virginie, f. Fr. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virginio, m. It. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Virginius, m. Lat. flourishing, [153]
Viriathus, m. Lat. Kelt. man of fire(?), [237]
Viridis, f. It. Lat. green, [206]
Vishtaspa, m. Pers. Zend, possessor of horses.
Vita, m. Russ. Bohm. Lat. living, [197]
Vjta, m. Bohm. Lat. living, [197]
Vital, m. Fr. Ger. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitale, m. It. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitaliana, f. Ger. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitalianus, m. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitalij, m. Russ. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitalis, m. Lat. of life, [197]
Vitgeir, m. Ice. Teu. wise man, [321]
Vittore, m. It. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Vittoria, f. It. Lat. conqueror, [197]
Vitus, m. Lat. living, [197]
Vivia, f. Lat. lively, [197]
Vivian, m. f. Eng. Lat. lively, [198]
Viviana, f. It. Lat. lively, [198]
Viviano, f. It. Lat. lively, [198]
Vivien, m. Fr. Lat. lively, [198]
Vivienne, f. Fr. Lat. lively, [198]
Vjera, f. Russ. Slav. faith, [439]
Vladimir, m. Russ. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Vladisav, m. Serv. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Vladislav, m. Russ. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Vladivoj, m. Russ. Slav. ruling the army, [442]
Vladyslav, m. Pol. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Vladislavka, f. Pol. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Vlaho, m. Hung. Lat. babbler, [159]
Vlass, m. Russ. Lat. babbler, [159]
Vlassij, m. Russ. Lat. babbler, [159]
Vojciech, m. Pol. Slav. warrior, [441]
Vojtech, m. Bohm. Slav. warrior, [441]
Vojteh, m. Slav. Slav. warrior, [441]
Volfgango, m. It. Teu. wolf’s progress, [336]
Volker, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Volkmar, m. Ger. Teu. people’s fame, [371]
Volguard, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Volgvard, m. Ger. Teu. people’s guard, [371]
Volodia, m. Russ. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Volodinka, m. Russ. Slav. ruling the world, [442]
Volundr, m. Nor. Teu. artful.(?), [313]
Vortigern, m. Eng. Kelt. great king, [238]
Vortya, f. Lus. Gr. gift of God, [102]
Vratislav, m. Slav. Slav. brilliant fame, [441]
Vread, f. Erse, Gr. pearl, [123]
Vreneli, f. Swab. Lat. Gr. true image, [207]
Vselav, m. Slav. Slav. all glory, [442]
Vsevolod, m. Slav. Slav. all ruler, [442]
Vuc, m. Slav. Slav. wolf, [336]
Vukmil, m. Slav. Slav. wolf love, [335]
Vukmir, m. Slav. Slav. wolf peace, [335]
Vukslav, m. Slav. Slav. wolf glory, [335]
Vulfgar, m. A.S. Teu. wolf spear, [335]
Vulfhere, m. A.S. Teu. wolf warrior, [335]
Vulfhilda, f. m. A.S. Teu. wolf battle maid, [335]
Vulfmar, m. A.S. Teu. wolf fame, [335]
Vulfnot, m. A.S. Teu. wolf violence, [335]
Vulfstan, m. A.S. Teu. wolf stone, [335]
Vye, f. Fris. wisdom, [107]
Vysfslav, m. Slav. Slav. highest glory, [442]
Vyvyan, f. Eng. Lat. living, [198]

Wabel, m. Bav. Aram. son of furrows, [25]
Wabishaw, m. Red Indian, red leaf.
Wabm, m. Bav. Aram. son of furrows, [25]
Waitkus, m. Lith. Slav. warrior.
Wala, m. Span. Teu. slaughter, [311]
Walaheri, m. Frank. Teu. slaughter host, [317]
Walamund, m. Frank. Teu. slaughter protection, [317]
Walarik, m. Frank. Teu. slaughter king, [317]
Walaram, m. Frank. Teu. slaughter raven, [317]
Walber, f. Esth. Teu. slaughter protection, [317], [425]
Walbert, m. Ger. Teu. power bright, [317], [425]
Waldburga, f. Eng. Teu. powerful protection,[^[2]] 317, [425]
Waldemar, m. Eng. Ger. Teu. powerful fame, [425]
Waldheri, m. Frank. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Waldl, m. Bav. Teu. will bold, [315]
Waldo, m. Frank. Teu. power, [425], [315]
Waldobert, m. Ger. Teu. power bright, [425]
Waldrich, m. Ger. Teu. powerful rule, [425]
Walen, m. Eng. Teu. foreign thief, [316]
Waleran, m. Flem. Teu. or Lat. healthy, [152]
Walfrid, m. Ger. Teu. powerful peace, [316]
Wallinsch, m. Lith. Lat. healthy, [152]
Walmar, m. Ger. Teu. slaughter fame, [316]
Walpert, m. Ger. Teu. slaughter bright, [311]
Walpl, f. Bav. Teu. powerful protection, [311], [428]
Walpora, f. Lus. Teu. slaughter protection, [316]
Walpurd, f. Flem. Teu. slaughter protection, [311], [425]
Walpurg, f. Ger. Teu. slaughter protection, [311]
Walram, m. Ger. Teu. slaughter raven, [316]
Walstan, m. Eng. Teu. slaughter stone, [311]
Walter, m. Eng. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Waltfrid, m. O. Ger. Teu. powerful peace, [425]
Waltheof, m. Eng. Teu. foreign thief, [316]
Walther, m. Ger. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Waltier, m. O. Fr. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Waltinsh, m. Lett. Lat. healthy, [151]
Waltl, m. Bav. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Walwyn, m. Eng. Kelt. hawk of battle, [272]
Wamba, m. Span. Teu. belly, [427]
Wanders, f. Scot. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Warand, m. Ger. Teu. protecting, [420]
Warmund, m. Ger. Teu. protecting guard, [420]
Warner, m. Eng. Teu. protecting warrior, [420]
Warno, m. Ger. Teu. protecting, [420]
Warnfrid, m. Ger. Teu. protecting peace, [420]
Warnebold, m. Ger. Teu. protecting prince, [420]
Warren, m. Eng. Teu. protecting friend, [420]
Wastel, m. Bav. Gr. venerable, [111]
Wat, m. Eng. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Watagimat, m. Red Indian, eagle’s nest.
Water, m. Eng. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Waters, m. Lett. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Watier, m. O. Fr. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Watlis, m. Swiss, Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Wattles, m. Eng. Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Watty, [425]
Wawyn, m. Eng. Kelt. hawk of battle, [272]
Wawel, m. Bav. Aram. son of furrows, [25]
Wayland, m. Eng. Teu. artful (?), [313]
Weigel, m. Fris. Teu. warring, [418]
Wealtheof, m. A.S. Teu. foreign thief, [316]
Welf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf, [335]
Welfhard, m. Ger. Teu. wolf strong, [335]
Wenceslaus, m. Eng. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Wendel, f. m. Ger. Teu. wandering.
Wendela, f. Ger. Teu. wandering.
Wendelgard, f. m. Ger. Teu. wandering guard.
Wendelgar, m. Ger. Teu. wandering spear.
Wendelin, m. Ger. Teu. wanderer.
Wendeline, f. Ger. Teu. wanderer.
Wenefride, f. Eng. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Wendis, m. Lett. Slav. ruling glory, [441]
Wenzel, m. Ger. Slav. crown glory, [441]
Werburgha, f. Eng. Teu. powerful protection, [420]
Werlands, m. Lett. Teu. adventuring life, [433]
Werner, m. Ger. Teu. protecting army, [420]
Wernhard, m. Ger. Teu. protecting firmly, [420]
Wernher, m. Ger. Teu. protecting army, [420]
Wetu, m. Finn. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Wetukka, m. Finn. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Wiart, m. Fris. Teu. war firmness, [418]
Wicko, m. Fris. Teu. war bright, [418]
Wido, m. O. Ger. Teu. life, [321]
Wig, m. A.S. Teu. war, [418]
Wigand, m. Ger. Teu. warring, [418]
Wigbald, m. Ger. Teu. war prince, [418]
Wigbert, m. Ger. Teu. war bright, [418]
Wigburga, f. Ger. Teu. war protection, [418]
Wige, m. Ger. Teu. warring, [418]
Wighard, m. Ger. Teu. war firm, [418]
Wighelm, m. Ger. Teu. war helmet, [418]
Wigher, m. Ger. Teu. warrior, [418]
Wiglaf, f. Ger. Teu. war relic, [418]
Wiglind, f. Ger. Teu. war snake, [418]
Wigmann, m. Ger. Teu. war man, [418]
Wigmar, m. Ger. Teu. war fame, [418]
Wigram, m. Ger. Teu. war raven, [418]
Wihts, m. Lett. Lat. life, [320]
Wike, f. Lett. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Wilbrand, m. Ger. Teu. willing sword, [314]
Wilfred, m. Eng. Teu. resolute peace, [314]
Wilfrith, m. Eng. Teu. resolute peace, [314]
Wilfroy, m. Eng. Teu. resolute peace, [314]
Wilhelm, m. Swiss, Ger. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Wilhelmina, f. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Wilhelmine, f. Ger. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Wilip, m. Fris. Gr. horse lover, [79]
Wilips, m. Lett. Gr. horse lover, [79]
Will, m. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Willaume, m. O. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Wille, m. Swiss, Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Willebald, m. Dutch, Teu. resolute prince, [314]
Willehad, m. Ger. Teu. resolute battle, [314]
Willelme, m. Fr. Teu. helmet of resolution, [314]
Willan, m. Lus. Netherlands, Teu. helmet of resolution, [314]
Willemin, f. Dutch, Teu. helmet of resolution, [314]
Willempje, f. Dutch, Teu. helmet of resolution, [314]
William, m. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Williamina, f. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Willibald, m. Ger. Teu. resolute prince, [314]
Willibert, m. Ger. Teu. bright will, [314]
Willibrord, m. A.S. Teu. [314]
Williburg, f. Ger. Teu. resolute protection, [314]
Willie, m. Scot. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Willigis, m. Ger. Teu. pledge of resolution, [314]
Willihard, m. Ger. Teu. willing firmness, [314]
Williheri, m. Ger. Teu. resolute warrior, [314]
Willihild, f. Frank. Teu. resolute battle maid, [314]
Willihold, m. A.S. Teu. resolute power, [314]
Willimar, m. Ger. Teu. resolute fame, [314]
Williram, m. Ger. Teu. willing raven, [314]
Willirat, m. Ger. Teu. willing resolute council, [314]
Willirik, m. Ger. Teu. willing resolute ruler, [314]
Willo, m. Fris. Teu. willing helmet, [314]
Williwolf, m. Ger. Teu. willing wolf, [314]
Willy, m. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [315]
Wilmar, m. Ger. Teu. willing fame, [314]
Wilmett, f. Eng. Teu. helmet of resolution, [316]
Wilmod, m. Ger. Teu. resolute mood, [315]
Wilmot, m. Eng. Teu. resolute mood, [314]
Wilrich, m. Ger. Teu. resolute ruler, [314]
Wiltrud, f. Ger. Teu. resolute battle maid, [314]
Winfred, m. Eng. Teu. friend of peace, [427]
Winfrith, m. A.S. Teu. friend of peace, [427]
Wingallok, m. Bret. Kelt. white, [270]
Wingar, m. Ger. Teu. friend of war, [427]
Winibald, m. A.S. Teu. friend of valour, [427]
Winifrid, f. Eng. Kelt. white stream, [270]
Winmar, m. Ger. Teu. friend of fame, [427]
Winrad, m. Ger. Teu. friend’s council, [427]
Winrich, m. Ger. Teu. friend of rule, [427]
Winny, f. Ir. Kelt. famine, [70]
Wippert, m. Ger. Teu. war bright, [418]
Wippold, m. Ger. Teu. war prince, [418]
Wiremo, m. Maori, Teu. will helmet, [315]
Wisdom, f. Eng. [421]
Wishard, m. Ger. Teu. wise strength, [321]
Witgar, m. Ger. Teu. wood spear, [321]
Witiza, m. Span. Teu. wood dweller, [321]
Witold, m. Ger. Teu. wood power, [321]
Witolf, m. Ger. Teu. wood wolf, [321], [325]
Witram, m. Ger. Teu. forest raven, [321]
Wittokind, m. Ger. Teu. forest dweller, [321]
Wittich, m. Ger. Teu. wood dweller, [321]
Wittig, m. Ger. Teu. wood dweller, [321]
Wladimir, m. Pol. Slav. ruling peace, [442]
Wladis, m. Lett. Slav. ruling glory, [442]
Wladislav, m. Pol. Slav. ruling glory, [442]
Wolbrecht, m. Ger. Teu. wolf brightness, [335]
Wolder, m. Dutch, Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Wolf, m. Ger. Teu. wolf, [335]
Wolfer, m. Ger. Teu. wolf army, [335]
Wolfgang, m. Ger. wolf’s progress, [335]
Wolfhart, m. Ger. Teu. wolf’s firmness, [335]
Wolfmar, m. Ger. Teu. wolf fame, [335]
Wolfrad, m. Ger. Teu. wolf’s advice, [335]
Wolframm, m. Ger. Teu. wolf raven, [335]
Wolfrich, m. Ger. Teu. wolf ruler, [335]
Wouter, m. Dutch, Teu. powerful warrior, [425]
Worsola, f. Bohm. Lat. bear, [199]
Wridriks, m. Lett. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Wrizzis, m. Lett. Teu. peace ruler, [296]
Wulfstan, m. A.S. Teu. wolf stone, [335]
Wursla, f. Lus. Lat. bear, [199]
Wya, m. Ger. Teu. warring, [418]
Wygard, m. Fris. Teu. warring, [418]

[2]. This, one of the English missionary nun princesses in Germany, is the patroness of the celebrated Valpurgisnacht. She died at Heidenheim, and her right feast is on the 25th of February; but being translated to Crichstadt on the 1st of May, and minced into numerous relics, the latter day was also hers, and strangely became connected with the witches' sabbath.

Xanthippe, f. Gr. yellow horse, [78]
Xaver, m. Span. Arab. bright, [299]
Xavier, m. Fr. Arab. bright, [299]
Xaverie, f. Span. Arab. bright, [299]
Xaveric, m. Wall. Arab. bright, [299]
Xaverio, m. It. Arab. bright, [299]
Xavery, m. Pol. Arab. bright, [299]
Xenia, f. Russ. Gr. hospitality, [93]
Xerxes, m. Eng. Pers. venerable king.
Ximen, m. Span. [330]
Ximena, f. Span. [330]
Ximon, m. Span. Heb. obedient, [17]
Xiste, m. Fr. Lat. sixth, [138]

Yago, m. Span. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Yatmund, m. Dan. Teu. happy protection, [378]
Yestin, m. Welsh, Lat. just, [192]
Yngvar, m. Nor. Teu. Ing’s warrior, [325]
Yngve, m. Nor. Teu. [325]
Ynyr, m. Welsh, Lat. honourable, [190]
Yolande, f. Prov. Lat. violet, [206]
Yolette, f. Fr. Lat. violet, [206]
Yorwarth, m. Welsh, Teu. happy guard, [378]
Ysabel, f. Span. Heb. God’s oath, [35]
Ysaie, m. Fr. Heb. salvation of the Lord, [48]
Yseulte, f. Fr. Kelt. spectacle, [275]
Ysonde, f. Fr. Kelt. spectacle, [275]
Ysolt, f. Eng. Kelt. spectacle, [275]
Yueins, m. Fr. Kelt. young warrior, [273]
Yvain, m. Bret. Kelt. young warrior, [273]
Yvon, m. Ir. Teu. archer, [326]
Ywain, m. Welsh, Kelt. young warrior, [273]

Zacarias, m. Span. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zaccaria, m. It. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zach, m. Eng. Bav. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacharia, m. Ger. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zachariah, m. Eng. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacharias, m. Port. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacharie, m. Fr. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zachary, m. Eng. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacharyasz, m. Pol. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zachée, m. Fr. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacheo, m. It. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zachers, m. Bav. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zachereis, m. Bav. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zaches, m. Bav. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zacheo, m. Port. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zaccheus, m. Eng. Ger. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zaidée, f. Fr. [458]
Zakarias, m. Esth. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zackelina, f. Russ. Heb. supplanter, [18]
Zakharias, m. Hung. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zakheus, m. Hung. remembrance of the Lord[the Lord], [51]
Zako, m. Ill. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zan, m. Dantzig, Gr. Christian, [105]
Zan, m. Gr. Heb. supplanter, [17]
Zaneta, f. Russ. Heb. grace of the Lord, [46]
Zaqueo, m. Span. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zara, f. Arab. Heb. princess, [13]
Zasso, m. Fris. Gr. Christian, [105]
Zebulon, m. Eng. Heb. dwelling.
Zechariah, m. Eng. Heb. remembrance of the Lord, [51]
Zedekiah, m. Eng. Heb. justice of the Lord, [49]
Zedena, f. Ger. Lat. of Sidon, [200]
Zeenab, f. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Zelimir, m. Slav. wishing peace.
Zelinde, conquering snake, [347]
Zelislav, m. Slav. wishing glory.
Zenaïda, f. Russ. Gr. daughter of Zeus, [62]
Zenaïde, f. Fr. Gr. daughter of Zeus, [62]
Zenevieva, f. Russ. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Zeno, m. Gr. from Zeus, [62]
Zenobia, f. Lat. Aram. father’s ornament, [62]
Zenobie, f. Fr. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Zenobio, m. Milan. Gr. from Zeus, [62]
Zenobius, m. Lat. [62]
Zenon, m. Gr. Gr. from Zeus, [62]
Zenovia, f. Russ. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Zenovia, f. Russ. Slav. goddess of hunting, [440]
Zenz, f. Bav. Lat. increasing, [198]
Zenz, m. Bav. Lat. conquering, [197]
Zenzel, m. Bav. Lat. conquering, [197]
Zenzl, f. Bav. Lat. increasing, [198]
Zephaniah, m. Eng. Heb. protected of the Lord, [50]
Zephyrine, f. Fr. Gr. like the zephyr.
Zerah, m. Eng. Heb. rising of light, [51]
Zerdosht, m. Pers. Zend. gold star, [57], [437]
Zerubabel, m. Eng. Heb. born at Babel.
Zesk, Slav. Teu. free, [300]
Zezilija, f. Russ. Lat. blind, [144]
Zikmund, m. Bohm. Teu. conquering protection, [358]
Zilia, f. Ven. Lat. [145]
Ziliola, f. Ven. Lat. [145]
Zillah, f. Eng. Heb. shadow, [11]
Zinevra, f. Ven. Kelt. white wave, [270]
Ziroslav, m. acorn glory.
Zivan, m. Slav. living, [198]
Zivana, f. living, [198]
Zizi, f. Russ. Arab. father’s ornament, [62]
Zlata, f. Slov. Slav. gold, [445]
Zlatana, f. Slov. Slav. gold, [445]
Zlatibor[Zlatibor], m. Slov. Slav. gold, [445]
Zlatke, m. Slov. Slav. gold, [445]
Zlatoje, m. Slov. Slav. gold love, [445]
Zlatoljub[Zlatoljub], m. Slov. Slav. gold love, [445]
Zlatoslav, m. Slov. Slav. gold love, [445]
Zlatoust, m. Russ. Slav. gold mouth, [445]
Zoe, f. Fr. Gr. life, [11]
Zofia, f. Pol. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Zoia, f. Russ. Gr. life, [11]
Zomelis, m. Lett. Heb. asked of God, [20]
Zon, f. Fr. Gr. carrying ears of corn, [124]
Zora, f. Ill. Slav. dawn, [437]
Zorana, f. Ill. Slav. dawn, [437]
Zore, f. Ill. Heb. princess, [14]
Zorica, f. Slav. dawn, [437]
Zorislava, f. Ill. Slav. dawn of glory, [437]
Zoroaster, m. Eng. Pers. golden star (?), [57], [437]
Zosa, f. Swiss, Heb. lily, [50]
Zosel, f. Swiss, Heb. lily, [50]
Zosia, f. Pol. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Zsiga, m. Hung. Teu. conquering protection, [356]
Zsigmund, m. Hung. Teu. conquering protection, [356]
Zsoflie, f. Hung. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Zsofe, f. Hung. Gr. wisdom, [107]
Zsusane, f. Lett. Heb. lily, [50]
Zsusanna, f. Hung. Heb. lily, [50]
Zwetlana, f. Russ. Slav. star, [437]
Zygmunt, m. Pol. Heb. conquering protection, [358][^[3]]

[3]. Every form of every name given in the index is not to be found in the text; but in all cases where a reference is given, the history, as far as ascertainable, of the leading portion of the original name will be found.

HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN NAMES.

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.
THE SPIRIT OF NOMENCLATURE.

Much has been written upon the Surname, a comparatively modern invention, while the individual, or, as we term it, the Christian name, has barely received, here and there, a casual notice from English authors, and has seldom been treated of collectively or comparatively. Yet there is much that is extremely curious and suggestive in the rise and signification of the appellations of men and women, their universal or partial popularity, the alterations by which they have been adapted to different languages, their familiar abbreviations, the patronymics formed from them, and the places or articles called from them. In fact, we shall find the history, the religion, and the character of a nation stamped upon the individuals in the names which they bear.

It is to Christian names, properly so called, that our attention will chiefly be directed. Other names, not acknowledged at any time as baptismal, or only given so exceptionally as not to deserve notice, are here omitted, or only treated of when their analogy is needed to illustrate the history of a true Christian name.

The original proper names of men and women arose—

First, from some circumstance connected with the birth, such as Esau, hairy; Jacob, taking by the heel; Agrippa, born with the feet foremost.

Secondly, from the complexion, e. g., Edom, red; Flavius and Fulvius, yellow; Don, brown; Ruadh, red; Boidh, yellow; Blanche, fair.

Thirdly, from the qualities desired for the child, such as David, meaning beloved; the Persian Aspamitas and Greek Philippos, both lovers of horses; the Keltic Eochaidh, a horseman; the Teutonic Eadgifu, happy gift; the Slavonic Przemyszl, the thoughtful.

Fourthly, from an animal, Deborah, the bee; Jonah, Columba, Golubica, the dove; Zeeb, Lycos, Lupus, Ulf, Yuk, all signifying that strangely popular wild beast the wolf.

Fifthly, from a weapon, as the Teuton Gar, a spear.

Sixthly, from a jewel, Mote Mahal, in Persian, pearl of the harem; the Greek, Margarite, a pearl in Greek; the Teutonic Stein, a stone or jewel in Teutonic.

Seventhly, religious names, dedicating the child to the Divinity, such as Ishmael, heard of God; Elijah, God the Lord; and among idolaters, Artemidorus, gift of Artemis; Jovianus, belonging to Jupiter; Brighid, the Irish goddess of smiths and poets; Thorgils, Thor’s pledge.

To these we may add a few names of flowers, chiefly borne by women, and always indicating a poetical nation, such as Susanna, Lilias, Rhoda, Rose, and the Slavonic Smiljana, the amaranth, a description of name never found among the unimaginative Romans.

Also a few indicating a time of deep sorrow and distress, when the child was born, such as Beriah, son of evil, named when it went ill with his father Ephraim; Jabez, sorrow; Ichabod, the glory is departed. These being of ill omen, never prevailed among the joyous Greeks; but among the quick-feeling Kelts we find Una, famine, and Ita, thirsty, names recording, no doubt, times of sorrow. Also Posthumus and Tristan, though not originally bearing the meaning since attributed to them, and Dolores, a name of Spanish Roman Catholic growth, have all been applied to express the mournful circumstances of some “child of misery, baptized in tears.”

Natural defects have likewise furnished names, such as Balbus, the stammerer; the Irish Dorenn, the sullen; and Unchi, the contentious. These are most common among the Romans, owing to their habit of continuing a father’s name, however acquired, to the son. And the Romans likewise stand almost alone in their strange and uncomplimentary fashion of giving individual names from numbers, one in which they have not been imitated, except now and then, where the number of a family has become so remarkable as to be deemed worthy of commemoration in the names of the younger children. There is, however, said to be a family in Michigan where the sons are called One, Two, Three Stickaway, and the daughters First, Second, Third Stickaway.

The invention of original names usually takes place in the early stages of a people’s history, for a preference soon arises for established names, already borne by kindred, and as the spoken tongue drifts away, from the primitive form, the proper name becomes a mere appellative, with the original meaning forgotten, and often with a new one incorrectly applied to it. The names in popular use almost always belong to a more ancient language than that spoken by the owners; or else they are imported from some other nation, and adapted to the mouths of those who use them. Flexibility of speech is only acquired at a very early age, and persons who have never spoken any other than their mother tongue, have no power to catch foreign sounds, and either distort them, or assimilate them to words of their own. The ear catches the word imperfectly, the lips pronounce it after their own fashion, and the first writer who hears it, sets it down to the best of his ability, to be read, as it may chance, by others, ignorant of the sound the letters were meant to represent, and thus striking out absolute novelties. Even where it travels by the medium of writing, the letters of one language are so inadequate to express the sounds of another, that great changes take place in pronunciation, even while the spelling remains unaltered, and these become visible in the popular contractions.

Thus a foreign conquest, or the fusion of one nation into another, while introducing two orders of names to the same country, and in breaking up and intermixing their original forms of speech, yet leaves untouched the names belonging to the old language, though the spoken tongue goes on living, growing, and altering.

The Hebrew is an instance of this process. It was a living tongue up to the Babylonish captivity, and constantly formed new names from the ordinary speech of the people; but when the Jews returned they spoke the Aramean dialect; the old Hebrew was dead. They still called their children by mangled and contracted Hebraisms, inherited from their forefathers, but were in general not aware of their meaning, and were willing to give them Greek terminations to suit the literary taste of the East. That there was no vigour to throw out new names, is attested by the very scanty number of Aramean derivation. Yet it is these corrupted Hebrew names, marred by Aramean pronunciation, by Greek writing, and by the speech of every country, that are the most universally loved and honoured in every Christian land.

Greek may be said to have never died, and it has, from first to last, been the most vigorous of all languages in creating and spreading names, which are almost all easily explicable. Hellas, though frequently conquered, has by its glorious literature, both pagan and Christian, gained wide dominion for its language, and even the present vernacular of the peasant and sailor is not so decayed but that they can comprehend a line of Homer or a verse of St. John. Thus there is a long list of Greek names ever new, with comparatively few importations from other tongues, and for the most part conveying their meaning and augury.

On the contrary, before Latin was born, the dialects that had produced Latin names were decaying, and those who, by inheritance, bore the scanty stock that came down to them, were often at a loss for their meaning; nor in general is it so much the names actually borne by ancient Romans, as appellations formed out of the Latin language, that have been the Latin contribution to Christian nomenclature. The universal victors chiefly spread Roman names by adopting the conquered as their clients, and conferring their own nomina when they bestowed the right of citizenship.

Keltic still lives in its corners of the world, and its old names have for the most part continued in use, but usually each with a name by the side from some more fashionable tongue, supposed to translate it to the civilized ear. For instance, Tadhg, which means, in Erse, a poet, is called in English speech, Teague or Thady; and then further transformed into the Aramean Thaddeus (praise); or the Greek Timothy (honour God); with an utter loss of the true association.

The Teutonic names are taken from the elder branches of the Teuton languages, before they became commingled in different degrees with the later progeny of Latin, and with one another. We here use the word Teutonic, because it is the most convenient term by which to express the class of languages spoken by the great Germanic family, though we are aware that it is not absolutely correct as a class-appellation including the whole. Iceland and Scandinavia use their ancient tongue, but slightly altered, and there may be found the true forms and interpretations of the greater number of the appellations in common use. Modern German continues the old High German, but it is no safe guide to the meaning of names which belong to a much earlier form than that in which we now see it, and it has only created a few modern ones of its own. Anglo-Saxon explains most of its own names, but it cannot be safely trusted without comparison with the other branches. It was a language deteriorated by the Norman conquest, just as the Norse of the invaders had been previously smothered by their conquest of Neustria, and the English which grew up among them used more of the High Dutch names adopted by the Normans in France, than of its own Anglo-Saxon ones; and only after the Reformation was there an attempt, and that not a very successful one, at the fabrication of native English names. France kept Dutch names, and clipped them, while High Dutch minced Latin. Lombardy, too, used the old heroic names of the fair-haired barbarians, even while its speech was constant to the flowing Latin; and Spain has much more of the nomenclature than of the tongue of her Goths.

The Slavonic has corrupted itself, but become Christian, and has sent a few names of great leaders into the general stock of nomenclature, which has been formed by contributions from these six original branches, with a few chance additions from other quarters.

Each nation had a stock of its own at first, but as tribes became mixed, their names were interchanged, and varied by the pronunciation of those who adopted them; and when Christianity produced real union, making the saint of one country the glory and example of the entire Church, the names of the holy and the great became a universal link, and a token of the brotherhood established from land to land.

It was not at first, however, that this fusion of names commenced. The first Christians were Jews, with Hebrew, Aramean, Greek, or Latin names of their own, and their converts already bore Greek or Latin appellations, which were seldom altered. In the case of the Romans, children almost necessarily succeeded to family names, and the Greeks alone could at first exercise any choice, forming words of Christian meaning for their children, or adopting those of their revered instructors in the faith; and afterwards, persons using the Latin tongue, but not encumbered with the numerous names of a citizen, followed their example. The Teutons, when converted, were baptized by the names they already bore, and gave the like to their children; nor does it seem to have been till the older forms of the languages were expiring, that the introduction of old saintly names became by any means frequent. When names were mere appellations, not descriptions, a favourite character was sought for in the legends of the saints, and the child was dedicated to, or placed under the protection of, the patron whose name he bore. The theory was, that the festival in the calendar on which the birth took place, established the claim of the infant to the care of the patron, and thus fixed the name, an idea which still prevails in the Greek Church, but it was more usual to select a favourite patron, and instead of keeping the child’s birth-day, to feast him upon the holy day of the saint, a custom still observed in Roman Catholic countries.

The system of patron saints was greatly established by the veneration of relics. It was the presence of a supposed fragment of the body that was imagined to secure the protection of the saint to country, to city, to village, or family; and often the ‘translation’ of a relic can be traced as the cause of the nationality of a name, as the Diego of Spain, the Andreas of Flanders, the Marco of Venice, the Adrianus of Holland, the Radegonde of Poitiers, the Anne of Prague. Or the prominence of a fresh doctrine is shown in nomenclature, as by the outburst of Scripture names in all Calvinist countries; so that in French pedigrees, Huguenotism may be traced by the Isaacs and other patriarchal apparitions in the genealogy, and Puritanism has in England produced the quaint Old Testament appellations to be found in every parish register. On the other hand, the increasing devotion to the Blessed Virgin is indicated by the exaggerated use of Mary in Roman Catholic lands, the epithets coupled with it showing the peculiar phases of the homage paid to her, and almost gauging the amount of superstition in the country.

Religion has thus been in general the primary guide to individual nomenclature, and next in order must be ranked the family feeling that renders Christian names almost hereditary. In many places where primitive customs are kept up, it was an almost compulsory token of respect to call the eldest son after his paternal grandfather. This has indeed been almost universal. The ancient Greeks always did so unless the grandfather were alive, in which case the child was thought to take his place by bearing his name, and thus to bring death upon him.

In Scotland and in the north of England, the paternal grandfather and grandmother have namesakes in the eldest son and daughter, then comes the turn of the grand-parents on the mother’s side, then of the parents themselves, after which fancy may step in. In Germany the same practice prevails as regards the two eldest; and likewise in the south of France, where the child, whatever its sex, bears the grandfather’s name, thus accounting for various uncouth feminines; but though thus christened, the two eldest children are never so called, but always by the diminutive of their surname.

However, distinguished, or wealthy, or beloved godparents interfered with these regular successions, and in this manner queens have been the great conductors of female names, bestowing them on their nobility, from whom they spread to the commonalty.

Literature requires considerable cultivation before it spreads many names. It gave some in the latter days of Greece, and more after the old hereditary customs of Rome were broken up; then, during the dark ages, its influence was lost, except at Byzantium; and only when the chivalrous romance became fashionable, did a few poetic knights and dames call their children after the heroes of the Round Table, or the paladins of Charlemagne, and then it must have been in defiance of the whole system of patron saints until the convenient plan of double names, first discovered by the Germans and French, accomplished the union of fancy and dedication, or compliment.

The revival of learning in the fifteenth century, however, filled Italy with classical names, some of which spread into France, and a few into Germany; but as a general rule in modern times, France, England, and America have been the countries whose nomenclature has been most affected by literature; France, especially so, the prevalence of different tastes and favourite novels being visible from the fifteenth century downwards, through its Arcadian, its Augustan, its Infidel, its Revolutionary periods; while England, since the Reformation, has slightly partaken of all these tastes in turn, but with her own hereditary fashions and religious influences mingling with them; and America exaggerates every variety in her mixed population.

PART I.

CHAPTER I.
HEBREW NOMENCLATURE.

Hebrew, the sacred language, and the medium of all our earliest knowledge of the world and of man, furnishes almost all of the first names known to us, which are in general, verbs, substantives, or adjectives from that tongue, suggested either by inspiration or by some of the natural motives observed in the former chapter.

The minute history of the naming of the twelve patriarchs, furnish the best illustrations of the presaging spirit of early nomenclature.

Reuben, “behold a son,” cries the mother in her first pride; Simeon, “He that heareth,” because He had heard her prayer; Levi, a joining, in the trust that her husband would be joined with her; Judah, praise, in praise of Him who had given these four sons, and Judah, “thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise,” is repeated by Jacob; Dan, a judge, is so called by his adoptive mother because her cause is judged, “and Dan shall judge his people” is his father’s blessing; Naphtali commemorates Leah’s wrestling with her sister; Gad is one of the troop round Leah, “and a troop shall overcome him,” saith Jacob; Asher, is blessed, and Moses cries, “let Asher be blessed;” Issachar, is hire; and Zebulon, a dwelling, because Leah hoped her husband would dwell with her, and his promise from his father is that he shall dwell. Rachel cannot name her long-desired first-born without a craving that God would add to her another son, and thus Joseph means an addition, and when that second child was given, and she felt that it was at the cost of her own life, she mourned over him as Benoni, son of my sorrow; but his father with more hopeful augury called him (probably at his circumcision) Benjamin, son of my right hand.

The earlier names were very simple, such as Leah, weary; Adah, ornament. But about the time of the going into Egypt compound words were employed, family names began to grow traditional, and several of Egyptian etymology were acquired.

The Aramaic became the Jewish vernacular, and so continued after the return from Babylon, nor has it ceased to prevail, under the name of Syriac, among a considerable portion of the natives of the East.

Moreover, the Greek invasion of the East, and the establishment of the Macedonian dynasties of Egypt and Syria, rendered the Grecian the language of foreign relations and of literature, and caused it to be understood by all who pretended to polite education, or meddled with politics and commerce. The Septuagint, or Alexandrian version of the Scriptures, was used in private by the Græcised Jews, and was the form in which their sacred books became known to those of foreign nations who took interest in them.

The Roman conquest in like manner brought in a certain amount of influence from the Latin language, though not to the same extent, since all cultivated Romans were by this time instructed in Greek as part of their education, and even those of inferior rank used it as the medium of communication with the people of the East.

Thus, in the time of the Gospel history, the learned alone entered into the full import of the old Hebrew names, nor were new ones invented to suit the occasion, with a very few exceptions, and these few were formed from the vernacular Aramean. The custom was to recur to the old family names belonging to ancestors or kindred, and in the account of the circumcision of St. John the Baptist we see that a deviation from this practice excited wonder. Tradition and change of language had, however, greatly marred these old Hebraisms; Jehoiadah, (j pronounced y,) (known of God,) had after the captivity lost its significance in the form of Jaddua, then was Græcized, as Ἱωδαέ, (Hiodae,) and was Latinized as Jaddeus! These corrupted ancient appellations were the favourites, but imitation and compliment caused some Greek ones and even some Latin ones to be adopted, some persons using their national name at home, and bearing another for their external relations, such as John or Mark, Saul or Paul.

The persons most revered by Christians, and who have had the most influence on nomenclature, thus bore either corrupt Hebrew, or else Aramean, Greek, or Latin names, which all have been handed down to us through the medium of Greek authorship, afterwards translated into Latin, and thence carried by word of mouth into every Christian land, and taking shape from the prevalent pronunciation there.

Eastern Christians have gone directly to the Greek; but the Western Church used nothing but the Vulgate translated from the Septuagint and from the original New Testament. Thus the Old Testament personages, as well as those of the Gospel, were known to mediæval Europe, and are so still to the greater part of the continent in their Greco-Latin shape.

But King James I. caused his translators to go back to the fountainhead, using the original Hebrew and Greek—and only applying to the Septuagint and Vulgate as means of elucidation, not as authorities. In consequence, many of the Old Testament names assumed their original shape, as far as it could be expressed by English letters, but these were mostly those but slightly known to the world, not those of the principal characters, since the translators were instructed not to make needless alterations such as should make the objects of ancient veneration appear in a form beyond recognition. Therefore it is that some English Old Testament names are unlike those of other nations.

Those who were at work on the New Testament, however, left the ancient names, there occurring, as they found them in the Greek, and thus arose the disparity we remark in the title given to the same individual, Noah or Noe, Korah or Core, Uzziah or Ozias.

For the most part Old Testament names, as such, have had little prevalence excepting under the influence of Calvinism. The Roman Catholic Church neglected them because they did not convey patronage, and Lutherism has not greatly adopted them, but they were almost a badge of the Huguenot party in France; and in England, about the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, a passion for the most extraordinary and unusual Scripture names prevailed, for which the genealogist must have carefully searched. William L'Isle, in 1623, complains of some “devising new names with apeish imitation of the Hebrew,” and in effect there are few of these that do not give an impression of sectarianism or Puritanism. In England and America, the more obscure and peculiar ones are chiefly adopted by the lower classes; in Ireland several prevail for another cause, namely, their supposed resemblance to the native Erse appellations that were long proscribed by the conquerors.

Those that were borne by the remnant of faithful Jews, who were the stock on which the Christian Church was grafted, have gone out into all lands, infinitely modified by the changes they have undergone in their transit from one people to another.[^[4]]

CHAPTER II.
PATRIARCHAL NAMES.

Section I.—Adam.

The oldest of all proper names comes from a word signifying red, and refers to the red earth (adama) out of which the first man was taken, reminding us that dust we are, and unto dust shall we return.

Some say that it should he translated ‘likeness,’ and that it comes from the same root as ‘adama,’ red earth, because red earth is always alike, wherever found. In this case, the first man would have been called from his likeness to his Creator, but the other explanation is preferable, especially as the same adjective, pronounced with a change in the vowel sound, so as to make it Edom, was the surname of Esau (hairy), on account both of the ruddiness of his complexion and of the red lentile pottage for which he sold his birthright.

No Israelites or Jews appear to have been called after our first father, and the first time Adam comes to light again, is among the Keltic Christians of Ireland and Scotland. It is not improbable that it was first adopted according to a frequent Gaelic fashion, as the ecclesiastical name most resembling the native one of Aedh or fire; but however this may be, there was in the seventh century a distinguished abbot of Iona, called in the dog Latin of the time, Adamnanus or dwarf Adam, and best known as Adamnan. Though not recognized by the Roman calendar, he was regarded as a saint in his own country, but his name has been much corrupted. At Skreen in Ireland, where he founded a church, he is styled St. Awnan, at Raphoe he is patron, as St. Ennan, in Londonderry he is St. Onan; but in Scotland, Adam has become a national Christian name. The family who most affected it were the ‘gay Gordons.’ Edie is the Scottish contraction. The feminine Adamina has been a recent Scottish invention.

In Germany and the neighbouring countries there prevails an idea that Adam is always long-lived, and if the first infant of a family dies, the life of its successor is secured by calling it either Adam or Eve. In consequence it has various contractions and alterations. In Lower Lusatia it is Hadamk in familiar speech; the Swiss abbreviation is Odli; the Esthonian Ado or Oado, the Lettisu was Adums. With its contraction, Ade, it seems to have been very common at Cambrai through the middle ages.

“The mother of all living”—received from the lips of Adam a name signifying life, sounding in the original like Chavva, as it began with a rough aspirate. It was not copied by any of her daughters for a long time, and when first the Alexandrian Jews came on it in their translation, they rendered it by Zoe (life), in order to show the connection of the name with the prophecy; but afterwards in the course of the narrative they merely made it Eva, or in Latin the Heva or Eva, which English has changed into Eve.

The Eva of Ireland and Scotland, and the Aveline or Eveline of the Normans, were probably only imitations of the old Keltic names Aoibhiun and Aoiffe, and will therefore be considered among the Keltic class.

Eve has been seldom used in England, though old parish registers occasionally show a pair of twins christened Adam and Eve.

The same notion of securing a child’s life that has spread the use of Adam in Germany and its vicinity has had the same effect upon his wife, so that Eva is common in both Germany and Scandinavia. Russia has Evva or Jevva, though not often as a name in use; the Letts as Ewe or Ewusche; the Lithuanians as Jewa or Jewele, the first letter of course pronounced like Y; and in Lusatia her namesakes are called Hejba or Hejbka.[^[5]]

The murdered son of Adam is called by a Hebrew word meaning breath, vapour, or transitoriness, and as some think may have been so termed in remembrance of his short life. The sound of the original word was more like Hebel, but through the Greek we receive it as Abel.

It is not absolutely a modern Puritan name, for an Abel existed in Essex in the time of Henry III., and Awel is known in Russia; but it is generally given direct from the Bible, as are also Seth (appointed), and Enoch (dedicated).

Adah (ornament), the wife of Lamech, is often supposed to be the origin of our English Ada, but this last is the hereditary Latinized form of Eed (rich), and is the same as the German Ida. Zillah (or shadow), the other wife of Lamech, is a Gypsy name.

Section II.—Abi.

Common to both the Semitic and Indo-European tongues, and traceable through all their branches, is the parental title first uttered by the infant; Abba, Abi, Aba; Atta among the Slavonians, and again among the Goths; Athair among the Irish, the pater of Greece, fondly called at home papa, and apphys the pater of Rome, the German Vater, and our own father—il babbo in Italy, and daddy in English cottages.

In the East a parent is more usually called the father of his son than by his own name. This, however, is probably a late affectation, not applying to the time when the greatest of the patriarchs received his original name of Abram (father of height or elevation), which was changed by Divine appointment into Abraham (father of a multitude), foretelling the numerous and enduring offspring that have descended from him, and even to the present hour revere his name.

No one, however, seems to have presumed to copy it as long as the Israelites dwelt in their own land, and the first resuscitations of it appear to have been among the Christians of the patriarch’s native land, Mesopotamia, towards the end of the fourth century, when a hermit called Abraham, living near Edessa, obtained a place in the Coptic, Greek, and Roman calendars; and about the same time another Abraham was among the martyrs who were put to death by the fire worshipping zeal of the Sassanid dynasty in Persia. Two other Mesopotamian SS. Abraham lived in the next century, and died, one at Constantinople, the other in Auvergne, whither in some unaccountable manner he had been carried between foul winds and man-stealing barbarians when on a journey to visit the solitaries in Egypt.

As one of the patrons of Clermont, this Abraham must have been the means of diffusing namesakes in France, especially on the side towards the Low Countries. Abraham often occurs in the registers of Cambray; and in compliance with the fashion of adapting the name of the father to the daughter, Abra was there formed, though apparently not earlier than 1644. Indeed the Netherlands and Holland are the only countries where this patriarchal name is really national, generally shortened into Abram and Bram; and the Dutch settlers carried it into America, where it is generally called either Bram or Aby.

Many other Scripture names bear this prefix, but it would be contrary to our plan to dwell upon those that have not been in subsequent use or are devoid of peculiar interest.

Abigail (father of joy), strikes us as inappropriate to a woman, till we remember that the eastern nations use this expression for an abstract quality, and that the title would stand for joyfulness. Her ready courtesy to David seems to have recommended her to the earliest readers of the English Bible, for Abigail occurs in registers as early as 1573, and was for many years very frequent. Abigail Masham’s back-stair influence over Queen Anne has been generally supposed to have rendered it a soubriquet for a lady’s maid; but Mr. Bardsley, in his Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature, shows it to have been the name of the waiting gentlewoman in Beaumont’s Comedy, The Scornful Ladie, played in 1616. And in a play of Killigrew’s, some thirty years later, the term ‘Abigail’ is used for a waiting-maid, when the back-stair influence and supposed arts of Abigail Masham in the bedchamber of Queen Anne gave it a sudden fall. Abigail turned into a cant term for a lady’s maid, and thenceforth has been seldom heard even in a cottage.

Counter to his name was the course of the “Father of Peace.” He is Abishalom, or Absalom in the narrative of his life, a history that one would have thought entailed eternal discredit on the name; but it seems that in the earlier Christian times of Denmark, as well as in some other countries, a fashion prevailed, especially among the clergy, of supplementing the native name with one of Scriptural or ecclesiastical sound, and thus, about the middle of the twelfth century, Absalom was adopted by a distinguished Danish bishop as the synonym of what Professor Munch conjectures to have been his own name of Aslak (reward of the gods), though Danish tradition has contracted it into Axel. This last is a national Danish name, and it seems as if Absalom had been popularly supposed to be the Latin for Axel; since, in a Latin letter of 1443, Olaf Axelsson is turned into Olaus Absalonis.

Before quitting this prefix Ab, it seems to be the place to remark upon a name coming to us through the Tartar stock of languages, from the same source—Ab. Ata, (father, the source of Atalik, fatherlike[fatherlike] or paternal,) is to the present day a title among the Usbeks of Bokhara. Thence that regent of the Huns, the scourge of God, who spread terror to the gates of Rome, would have been called Attalik among his own people, and thus historians have written his name of terror Attila.

In the tales of the Nibelungen, the great Hun, whom Kriemhild marries after the death of Siegfried, and at whose court the general slaughter takes place, is called Etzel in the German poem, Atli in the Northern saga, and this has generally been regarded as identifying him with Attila and fixing the date of the poem; but the monarch of the Huns is hospitable and civilized, with few features in common with the savage of Roman history; and if Attalik were a permanent regal title among the Huns, the chieftain may have been any other of the royal dynasty. His occurrence in that favourite poem, sung alike by all the Teutonic race, has rendered Atli very common from early times in the North as well as Etzel in Germany. The Lombards took it to Italy, where it turned into Eccelino, and in the person of the fierce mountain-lord, Eccelino di Romagna, became as fearful as Attila had ever been to the Romans.

The verb to fight or to rule furnished both the names of the wife of Abraham; Sarai (quarrelsome) was thus converted into Sarah (the princess). If we may judge from the example of the bride of Tobias, the daughters of Sarah were occasionally called by her name, and Zara has been, with what correctness I know not, used as an eastern name.

Sarah now and then occurs in England, as with Sara Beauchamp, (temp. Ed. I.,) but I suspect that she as well as Sarrota de Multon, who lived in the former reign, were alterations of some of the derivatives of the Teutonic prefix Sig—victory, as the masculine Saher or Serlo certainly came from Sigeheri. Sarah was never commonly used till after the Reformation, when it began to grow very popular, with its contraction Sally; and at the same time it was adopted as the equivalent for no less than three Irish names—Sadhbh (pronounced Soyv), Sorcha (bright), and Saraid (excellent). The two first are still in use; but Highlanders make a still stranger use of Sarah, which they use to translate their native More (great), perhaps in consequence of its meaning.

Elsewhere the name is occasionally used without the h that our biblical translators gave it. It is not, however, very popular, though the French have used it enough to make it Sarotte; in Illyria its diminutive is Sarica; in Lithuania it is Zore.[^[6]]

When the first glad tidings of the Child of Promise were announced, Sarah laughed for very joy and wonder, and Laughter (Yizchak) became the name of her son; known in Greek as Ἰσαὰκ, in Latin and to the European world as Isaac.

It was not revived among the early Jews; but, like Abraham, it was used by the eastern Christians, and St. Isaac, bishop of Beth Seleucia, was put to death with other Christian martyrs by Sapor II. of Persia. Another eastern Isaac was a hermit at Spoleto, in the sixth century, and Isaak has always been a favourite name in the Greek Church. Several of the family of Comnenus, both at Constantinople and Trebizond, rendered Isaak a royal name; and Isaak or Eisaak, whose feast falls on the 30th of May, is the patron of the cathedral at Petersburg. The name is frequently used in Russia and the other Greco-Slavonic countries, though not much varied.

It had not much favour in the West, though it appears once in Domesday Book, and occurs in the Cambray registers. Mr. Bardsley thinks that it, with some other Patriarchal names, became familiar through Mystery plays. But its chief popularity was after the Reformation, when it is continually to be found among the Huguenots, and it seems to have passed from them to other French families, since it is sometimes found in pedigrees, and the noted de Sacy, a grandson of the Arnauld family, was thus christened long after his forefathers had conformed to the Roman Catholic Church.

With us Izaak, as our ancestors spelt it, is just so prevalent among us as to have a recognized contraction, Ike or Ikey.

Isaac’s wife was called from rabak (to bind). The word Ribkâ meant a cord with a noose, and probably was given as conveying the firmness of the marriage bond. The Septuagint and Latin gave Rebecca; the authorized version Rebekah; and both spellings are adopted by those bearing the name, who are generally called Becky.

Here too should be mentioned the faithful nurse of Rebekah, who was so lamented that the tree beneath which she was buried was known as the oak of weeping. Her name of Deborah came from a verb meaning to hum or buzz, and signified a bee, or, in after times, eloquent.

Deborah found no favour as a name except among English Puritans, and has acquired a certain amount of absurdity from various literary associations, which prevent ‘Deb.’ from being used except by the peasantry.

Of Rebekah’s two daughters-in-law[daughters-in-law], Rachel signified a ewe.

Dante made l’antica Rachele, with her beautiful eyes, the type of heavenly contemplation, ever gazing at the mirror that reflected heavenly glory; but her name was not popular, although the Manx princess, otherwise called Affrica, assumed it upon her marriage with Somerled, Lord of the Isles, somewhere about the eleventh century.

But Puritan days loved the sound of the word, and “that sweet saint who sat by Russell’s side” has given it a place in many an English family. Polish Jews call it Rahel; in which form it was borne by the metaphysical lady who became the wife of Varnhagen von Ense.

English.	German.	Bavarian.
Matthias	Matthæus	Mathies
Mathies	Matthew	Mahe
Mat	Matthes	Hies
	Matthis	Hiesel
		Mathe
Swiss.	Swedish.	Danish.
Mathias	Mathias	Mathias
Thies	Mats	Mads
Thiesli
Friesland.	French.	Italian.
Matthies	Matthieu	Matteo
Hise	Macé	Maffeo
Hisse		Feo
		Mattia
Spanish.	Russian.	Polish.
Mateo	Matfei	Mateusz
	Matvej	Maciei
		Maciek
		Matyas
Hungarian.	Slovak.	Esthonian.
Matyas	Matevz	Maddis
Mate	Tevz	Mats
	Mattija

Rachel’s less beloved and less favoured sister had a name that came from lawah (hanging upon, dependence, or, as in her case it is explained, weariness)—Leah, in French Lea, in Italian Lia, under which title Dante makes her the emblem of active and fruitful, as is her sister of meditative, love. It was from the same word that she named her third son Levi, when she hoped that her husband would be more closely united or dependent on her. Levi’s name was carried on into the Gospel times, and belonged to the publican who was called from the receipt of custom to become an Apostle and an Evangelist. His Aramean name was, however, that by which he calls himself in his own narrative, or more correctly speaking, by its Græcized form. The old Hebrew Mattaniah (gift of the Lord) was probably the origin of both the names that we have in the Greek Testament as Ματθαῖος and Ματθίας, Matthæus and Matthias as the Latin renders them. Some, however, make the first mean a faithful man; but it is not possible to distinguish between the various forms that have risen out of the two among persons who, probably, had no idea that the Apostle who supplied the place of Judas was a different person from the Evangelist. The Emperor Charles V. was born on St. Matthias' day, and the text “The lot fell on Matthias” was regarded as a good augury, whence Matthias came into favour in Austria and its dependencies. The name has been more popular in Germany and its dependencies. Matteo heads the Milanese Visconti, who were mostly named after the Evangelists.

Apostolic names are particularly common in Bavaria, probably from the once frequent representations of the Mystery of the Passion. In Germany, SS. Matthew and Matthias have produced the surnames Matthies, Matys, Thiess, and Thiessen, Latinized after a queer scholarly fashion into Thysius.

Section III.—Jacob.

The twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah were called from the circumstances of their birth, Esau, the hairy, and Ja’akob, the latter word being derived from âkêb, the heel, because in the words of the Prophet “he took his brother by the heel in the womb.” This, the action of tripping up, confirmed the mother’s faith in the previous prediction that “the elder should serve the younger,” and thus that the younger should supplant the elder. “Is he not rightly named Jacob, for he hath supplanted, me these two times,” was accordingly the cry of Esau.

By the time of the return from Babylon we find two if not three persons mentioned as bearing the name of Akkub, and that this was meant for Jacob, is shown by its etymology; as it likewise means the supplanter, by its likeness in sound to Yacoub, the form still current among the Arabs, and by the fact that the Akkub, who in the book of Nehemiah stands up with Ezra to read the law to the people, is in the book of Esdras, written originally in Greek, called Ἰάκοβος (Jakobos).

So frequent was this Jakobos among the returned Jews that it occurs in the royal genealogy in St. Matthew’s Gospel, and was borne by two of the twelve apostles, by him called the Great, who was the first to be martyred, and by him termed the Less, who ruled the Church at Jerusalem.

It is the Great Apostle, the son of Zebedee, who is the saint, in whose honour most of those bearing this name in Europe have been christened. A belief arose that he had preached the Gospel in Spain before his martyrdom at Jerusalem; and though there was no doubt that the Holy City was the place of his death, yet it was declared that his relics were brought to Galicia in a marble ship without oar or sail, which arrived at the port of Aria Flava, since called Patron. A little farther inland arose what was at first termed in Latin the shrine of Sanctus Jacobus Apostolus. Men’s tongues quickly turned this into Sancto Jacobo Apostolo, and thence, confounding the title with the place, arrived at Santo Jaco de Compostella, or Santiago de Compostella.

A further legend arose that in the battle of Clavijo with the Moors, the spirits of the Christian Spaniards were revived by the sight of Santiago mounted on a white steed, waving a white banner, and leading them on to victory. Thenceforth Santiago became their war-cry, and the saint was installed as a champion of Christendom. Subsequently no less than three Spanish orders of knighthood were instituted in his honour, and his shrine became one of the most universal places of pilgrimage in Europe, more especially as the most marvellous fables of miracles were forged thereat. His saintly title had become so incorporated with his name that his votaries were in some perplexity where to separate them, and in Castille his votaries were christened Tiago or Diego. Even as early as the tenth century the Cid’s father was Don Diego de Bivar, and he himself Don Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar, Diaz being the patronymic.

In 1207, Maria, Queen of Aragon, considering her infant son and heir to have been granted at the especial intercession of the twelve apostles, resolved to baptize him after one of their number, and impartially to decide between them by naming twelve tapers after the apostles, and calling the child after him whose candle burnt longest. Southey has comically described the Queen’s agitations until the victorious candle proved to be that of the great Saint of Galicia, whom Aragonese tongues called Jayme. The child thus christened became the glory of his kingdom, and was known as El Conquestador, leaving Jayme to be honourably borne by Kings of Aragon, Majorca, and Sicily as long as his family remained distinct. Giacopo Apostolo was the Italian version of the name, whence they made their various Giacopo, Jacopo, Giacomo, Como, Iachimo, and Iago according to their various dialects. Germany recurred to the original Jakob; but the French coming home with their own variety talked of Jiac Apostol, and named their children Jacques, or fondled them as Jacquot and Jacqueminot. The great church of St. Jacques, at Liège, spread the love of the name in Flanders as is testified by Jacob von Arteveldt, the Brewer of Ghent; and so universal throughout France was it, that Jacques Bonhomme became the nickname of the peasantry, and was fearfully commemorated in the Jacquerie, the insurrection of which English chroniclers supposed James Goodman to have been the leader. It must have been when English and French were mingled together in the camps of the Black Prince and Henry V. that Jack and Jock became confounded together. Henry V. called the wild Jacqueline of Hainault, Dame Jack. She, like his other Flemish sister-in-law, Jacquette of Luxemburg, must have been named in honour of the saint of Liège. Edward VI.’s nurse, whom Holbein drew by the soubriquet of Mother Jack, was perhaps a Jacquette; Iacolyn and Jacomyn are also found in old registers, but this feminine never took root anywhere but in France, where Jacobée also occurs. James had found its way to Scotland ere the birth of the Black Douglas, and was already a national name before it was given to the second son of Robert III., in accordance with a vow of the queen. This James was brought to the throne by the murder of his brother David, Duke of Rothsay; and thus was the first of the royal Stuarts, by whom it was invariably borne till the sixth of the line hoped to avert the destiny of his race by choosing for his sons more auspicious names. James and Jamie thus became great favourites in Scotland, and came to England with the Stuarts. The name had indeed been previously used, as by the brave Lord James Audley under Edward III., but not so frequently, and the old English form was actually Jeames. Norden dedicates his Survey of Cornwall to James I. as Jeames; and Archbishop Laud so spells the word in his correspondence. In fact, Jemmy and Jim are the natural offsprings of Jeames, as the word was pronounced in the best society till the end of the last century. Then the gentry spoke according to the spelling; Jeames held his ground among the lower classes, and finally—thanks to Jeames’s Diary—has become one of the stock terms of conventional wit; and in modern times Jacobina and Jamesina were coined for female wear.

The Highlanders call the name Hamish; the Irish, Seumuis. In fact, its variations are almost beyond enumeration. In Italy the full name has the three varieties, Giacomo, Jacopo, Giacobbe, so no wonder the abbreviations are Coppo and Lapo.

Due honour is paid in the Greek and Slavonic Church to both the veritable apostles, but not to the mythical Santiago de Compostella, whom we have traced as the root of all the Jameses of the West.

The great Jakobos, who appeared at the Council of Nicea, and gloriously defended the city of Nisibis, handed on the apostolic name in the East; and it has almost as many Greek and Slavonian variations as Latin and Teutonic ones.

English.	Scotch.	Erse.	Gaelic.	Dutch.
Jacob	James	Seumuis	Hamish	Jacob
James	Jamie			Jaap
Jem
Jemmy
French.	German.	Swiss.	Italian.	Spanish.
Jacob	Jakob	Jakob	Jacopo	Jacobo
Jacques	Jackel	Bopp	Iachimo	Santiago
Jacquot	Jockel Gaugl}Bav.	Jock	Giakobbe	Diego
Jacqueminot	Jockel Gaugl}Bav.	Jogg	Coppo	Yago
		Jagli	Lapo	Jago
			Jacobello	Jayme
Portuguese.	Russian.	Polish.	Lett.
Jayme	Jakov	Jakob	Jekups
	Jascha	Kuba	Jeka
	Jaschenka	Kub	Jezis
			Kubischu

The Russian nameday is the 30th of April, either for the sake of St. James the Less, whose eve it is, or for that of a namesake who perished in Numidia in the time of Valerian, and whose feast falls on that day. Jakov gets called Jascha and Jaschenka, and his feminine Jacovina and Zakelina. The Illyrians twist the masculine into Jakovica, and the Lithuanians into Jeka or Kubinsch.[^[7]]

[4]. Books consulted:—Max Müller’s Lectures on Language; Proper Names of Scripture; Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible.

[5]. Smith’s Dictionary; Michaelis, Personen Namen.

[6]. Books consulted:—Proper Names of the Bible; Le Beau’s Histoire du Bas Empire; O'Donovan on Irish Proper Names; Michaelis, Personen Namen.

[7]. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible; Southey’s Poems; Jamieson’s Sacred and Legendary Art; Butler; Michaelis; Pott; Brand’s Popular Antiquities.

Section IV.—Simeon.

Of the twelve sons of Jacob, four only have names of sufficient interest to deserve individual notice, and among these, the first requiring notice is Simeon, from schama, to hear.

Simeon’s name passed on to numerous Jews, and was very common in the Gospel times, no less than five personages being so called, namely, the aged man in the Temple, the son of Jonas, the other apostle called the Zealot or the Canaanite, and the leper, besides the tanner of Joppa, and the magician whose attempt to purchase spiritual gifts has given the title of simony to sins of the same nature.

By this time, however, the Hebrew Simeon had been confounded with the Greek Σῖμων (Simon), snub-nosed. St. James, in his discourse at Jerusalem, called St. Peter ‘Simeon,’ and it would thus seem likely that this was used as their true national name, and that Simon was a Græcism used in intercourse with strangers, or in writing.

The anchorite who took that strangest freak of fanaticism, the perching himself for life upon a column, is called both Simeon and Simon Stylites, but the latter form has generally been the prevalent one, and has belonged to numerous saints in both the Eastern and Western Church. The Greek Church has both St. Seeméön on the 3rd of February, and St. Ssimon on the 10th of May, and the Russian contractions are Ssemen and Ssenka. The West, too, had sundry Simons of its own, besides those common to all Christendom. We had a monastic St. Simon Stock, and though the Christian name is now uncommon, it has left us many varieties of surnames, as Simmonds, Simkins, Simpson, Simcoe, Sykes, etc., the spelling but slightly varied. It was more used among the French peasantry, and acquired the feminine Simonette. The Italian Simone was not unfrequent, and has made the surname Simoncelli; the Portuguese had Sima; the Spaniards, Ximon; and the Slavonians have the odd varieties of the Polish Szymon, the Illyrian Simej, the Lusatian Schymanz.

It is the same word Schama that named the first of the prophets of Israel. “Asked of God” is the import of Samuel, a name so endeared by the beautiful history of the call to the child in the temple, that it could not be quite forgotten. A Samuel, native of Palestine, who perished in the persecution of Maximian, obtained a martyr’s place in the calendar, and his name has been a favourite in the Eastern Church, as Samuil, Samoilo, in Russia; Schombel in Lusatia; Zomelis in Lithuania. The reading of the Holy Scriptures was, however, no doubt, the cause of its use here and in Switzerland, since we scarcely find it before the Reformation, though now Samuel is common in Switzerland, and Sam here.[^[8]]

[8]. Proper Names of the Bible; Butler; Lower’s English Surnames; Michaelis; Piot.

Section V.—Judah.

In her exultation at having borne so many promising sons, Leah called her fourth Jehudah (he will be praised); meaning brought forward by her husband Jacob when, in his death-bed blessing of his sons, he exclaimed, “Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise.”

Thus, too, it has been with the individual name of Judah. Unused before the captivity, it was revived again after it, and carried to the highest fame and popularity by the brave Maccabee, who newly founded Judea and restored it, for a time, to freedom and honour. His surname is by some derived from a word meaning the Hammerer, by others from Makkabi, formed by initial letters of the motto on his standard, “Who among the gods is like unto Thee, O Lord?” Judas Maccabeus, early as was his death, and imperfect as was the deliverance of his country when he was slain, was one of the chief heroes of the world, and occupied a far larger space in the imagination of our mediæval ancestors than he does in ours. Not only were the books of Maccabees considered as of equal authority with the canonical Scriptures, but, before 1240, a French metrical romance had recounted his exploits, and by Chaucer’s time Judas Maccabeus was ranked among the nine worthies—the subject of many a ballad and chap-book.

But his name has never occurred! Frequent, indeed, it was among his own countrymen after his time, but of them was that man who rendered it for ever accursed.

Another apostle bore the same name, but this did not suffice to redeem it, though altered into Jude to mark the distinction. The Saint had, however, two Aramean names, Lebbæus, supposed to mean hearty, or else from the town of Lebba, and Thaddæus, which is satisfactorily explained as an Aramean form of the same word Praise, Græcized and Latinized of course before it came to us.

It is not, however, popular. Italy has indeed used it a good deal as Taddeo, and Spain knows it as Tadeo; but though Ireland swarms with Thadys, who write themselves Thaddeus, this is only as a supposed English version of their ancient Erse, Tadhg (a poet). The Slavonic nations use it more than the West; it is a favourite Polish name, and the Russians call it Phaddéi; and the Illyrians, Tadia. No name has been so altered as Judah; it is Hodaiah after the captivity, and Abiud, or rather Ab-jud, in St. Luke’s genealogy.

The feminine form of the name, Jehudith, or Judith, belonged primarily to the Hittite wife of Esau, who was a grief of heart to Rebekah, but its fame is owing to the heroine of Bethulia, whose name is, however, said rather to mean a Jewess than to be exactly the feminine of Judah. Indeed some commentators, bewildered by the difficulties of chronology, have supposed the history to be a mere allegory in which she represents the Jewish nation. However, on the uncritical mind of the eighth or ninth century, her story made a deep impression, and a poem was in circulation in Europe recording her adventurous deed, and mentioning among the treasures of Holofernes' tent a mosquito net, whence the learned argue that the narrative must have been derived from some eastern source independent of the Apocryphal book.

At any rate, hers was the first name not belonging to their own language that was borne by Teutonic ladies, and long preceded that of any saint. Perhaps it was supposed to be the equivalent of the German Juthe from Ganthe, war; at any rate Juditha, Jutha, or Jutta was in high favour at the court of the Karling Kaisers, and came to England with the step-mother, who gave the first impulse to our great Alfred’s love of learning. Her subsequent marriage took it to Flanders, and we had it back again with the niece of William the Conqueror, the wicked wife of Waltheof, and afterwards of Simon de St. Lis. Her uncle cites her as a witness to a charter by the familiar abbreviation of Jugge, which was long used as the regular contraction, though Judy has since become more usual, and is exceedingly common in Ireland.

Even French families gave their daughters the name of Judith, which belonged to the gentle Comtesse de Bonneval. The Breton form is Juzeth; and the Swiss ruthlessly turn it into Dith, but across the Alps it comes forth more gracefully as Giuditta; and the Poles make it Jitka; the Hungarians, Juczi or Jutka.

On the authority of Eusebius we venture to add a third to those who bore the name of Judah in the apostolic college, namely, him whom we know by the Aramaic and Greek epithets Thomas and Didymus, both meaning a twin. Tradition declares that his fellow-twin was a sister called Lysia. India is believed to have been the region of his labours and of his death; the Christians there were called after him; and when, in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese attained their object of reaching India by sea, they thought they discovered his tomb at Meliapore, transported the relics to Goa, and created San Tomàs or Tomè into their patron saint. Long ere this, however, in every part of Europe had Thomas been revived with other apostolic names, but its great prominence was derived from the murdered Archbishop Becket, or St. Thomas of Canterbury. His shrine at Canterbury was the English Compostella, visited by foreign as well as native pilgrims, and the greater proportion of churches so termed were under the invocation of the archbishop instead of the apostle, although it is only by charter or by wake-day that the dedication can be traced, since Henry VIII. did his utmost to de-canonize and destroy all memorials of the bold prelate whom he would most certainly have beheaded instead of assassinating. In Italy a martyr for ecclesiastical prerogatives was certain to be in high repute; carvings, glass, paintings, and even needlework still bear his history and figure, always denoted by the clean cutting off of his scalp above the tonsure, and Tomasso flourishes greatly as a Christian name, the Italians, as usual, abbreviating by the omission of the first syllable instead of the last, so that where we say Tom, they say Maso, and thence Masuccio, as we call one of their earliest great painters. Tomasso Agnello was the true name which, contracted into Masaniello, was the wonder of the day at Naples, and made the Spanish power there totter on its throne.

The feminine Thomassine, Tamzine, and Tammie, are comparatively recent inventions. They were frequent in the 17th century, and then went out of fashion.

English.		Scotch.	French.
	Thomas	Thomas	Thomas
	Tom	Tam	Thumas
Fem.{	Thomassine Tamzine	Tamlane
Fem.{	Thomassine Tamzine
Spanish.		Italian.	Russian.
	Tomas	Tomaso		Foma
	Tome	Maso	Fem.—	Fomaida
Fem.—	Tomasa	Masuccio
		Masaccio
German.		Polish.	Lower Lusatian.
	Thoma	Tomasz	Domas
Fem.—	Thomasia		Domask
Lithuanian.		Hungarian.	Finland.
Tamkus		Tamas	Tuomas
Tamoszus
Dummas

Thomas is the accepted equivalent for the Irish Tomalhaid, Tomaltach, and Toirdelvach, tall as a tower.

Section VI.—Joseph.

When, after long waiting and hoping, a son was at length granted to Rachel, she called him Joseph from a word signifying an addition, because she hoped that yet another child would be added to her family.

Joseph, beloved and honoured as he was for his own beautiful character and eventful history, has perhaps at the present day the greater number of direct namesakes among the Arabs, who still are frequently called Yussuf.

Only two Josephs occur again in the Scripture before the captivity in Babylon, but afterwards they were exceedingly numerous, and in the Gospel history two remarkable characters are so named, as well as three others whom we know by the Græcized form of the name as Joses, i. e. a fourth brother of the royal family of James, Simon, and Jude; he who was usually called by his surname of Barnabas, and he who was also called Barsabas, whose lot was cast with that of Matthias. The Latinized form we know as the name of the historian Flavius Josephus. Legend loved to narrate that Joseph of Arimathea brought the Gospel to England, and that his staff was the Christmas-flowering thorn of Glastonbury; nay, that he carried thither the Sanegreal and the holy lance, the mystic objects of the adventures of the Round Table.

Yet, in spite of the reputation of this holy man, and of the universal reverence for ‘the just man’ of Nazareth, Joseph was scarcely used as a name in Europe till in 1621 a festival day was fixed by the pope in honour of St. Joseph, the husband of the Blessed Virgin.

Therewith an enthusiasm broke forth in Roman Catholic Europe for the name. All the world in Italy began to call itself Giuseppe or Gioseffo; or for short, Peppo and Beppo have swarmed ever since in every village.

Spain delighted in Josef or Jose, and the more devout in Jose Maria, with Pepe or Pepito for the contraction; Pepita for the Josefa, who, of course, arose at the same time, these becoming the most common of all Peninsular names.

Not to be behindhand in devotion, the Emperor Leopold christened his son Joseph, and thus recommended it to all his subjects; and, perhaps, the Tyrol is the greatest of all the strongholds of the Josephs, the name being there called by its last syllable in all endearing varieties, Sepp, Sepperl, &c.; while the Swiss, on the other side, have Sipp and Sippli. Maria Josepha was a daughter of Maria Theresa, and these two are seldom separated in Germany, Italy, or France; but as Maria forms part of the name of every Roman Catholic woman, and of most men, the second name is the one for use. Marie Josephe Rose was the Christian name of her whom we know and pity as the Empress Josephine, and to whom it is owing that France was once full of young ladies usually called Fifine or Finette; while the rougher damsels of Lucerne are content to be Boppi in familiar life.

The Slavonians use the varieties Josko and Joska; the Letts turn the name into Jaschis or Jeps. It is in fact broken into as many odd contractions as it can possibly undergo. It is Joseef or Oseep in Russia.

England having freed herself from Roman Catholic influence before this mighty crop of Josephs sprang up, merely regarded the name as one of the Scripture names chiefly used by Puritans, although Joseph Addison has given it distinction in literature; and there Joe is of uncertain origin, as it is as often the contraction of Josiah or Joshua as of Joseph. In some parts of England, Joseph and Mary are considered appropriate to twins. Josephine is with us a mere introduction from the French.

Joseph, or Joses, as he was called since, coming from Cyprus—he was one of the Hellenistic Jews—is best known to us under his surname of Barnabas, which St. Luke explains from the Aramaic as υἱος παρακλησέος (uios parakleseos), the son of comfort, a word which bears different interpretations, since comfort may be either exhortation or consolation; and it is in the latter sense that St. Chrysostom and our translators have understood the word, though there are many who prefer the other meaning.

Barnabas has not been a very common name, though, with an apostle for its origin, it could not fail to be everywhere known; but it was never royal; and the only historical character so called, Bernabo Visconti, was enough to give any name an evil odour. We make it Barnaby when we do use it, the Irish call it Barney and confuse it with Brian, and the Russians call it Varnava. One Barnabas Hutchinson, proctor of the chapter of Durham, who died in 1633, is thus commemorated in his epitaph:—

“Under this thorne tree

Lies honest Barnabee.”[^[9]]

Joseph had named his two sons Manasseh (forgetting), because he said, “God hath made me forget all my toil,” and Ephraim (twofold increase). The first was early adopted by the Israelites; we find it belonging to the son of Hezekiah, and to the father of Judith, and, to our amazement, to a mediæval knight, whose friends may perhaps have brought it from the Crusades. Two early bishops of Cambrai bore the name of Manassès, and there is one among the under-tenants in Domesday Book. In Ireland, the name of Manus, a corruption of Magnus, derived from the Northmen who invented it, is turned into Manasses.

Ephraim, like other patriarchal names, lived on in Mesopotamia; and St. Ephrem of Edessa, who lived in the beginning of the fourth century, is esteemed as a doctor of the Church, and is the name-saint of numerous Russians, who keep his day on the 28th of January, though the Roman Church marks it in July.[^[10]]

[9]. Kitto’s Biblical Cyclopædia; Trollope’s Greek Testament; Michaelis.

[10]. Proper Names of the Bible; Michaelis; O'Donovan’s Irish Names.

Section VII.—Benjamin.

When the long-desired ‘addition,’ the second son, was given to Rachel, and in the words of Jacob she “died by him when there was but a little way to come to Ephrath,” she called the infant who had cost her life Ben-oni (son of my sorrow); but this was changed by his father into Ben-Yamin (son of my right hand, i. e. prosperous).

In spite of Rare Ben Jonson, Benjamin is an essentially Puritan and Jewish name; such a feminine as Benjamina has even been perpetrated. Oddly enough the Bretons call Benjamin Benoni.

Benoni, “the child of sorrow,” and Ichabod, “the glory is departed,” were so frequent among the Puritans of the time of James I. that Mr. Bardsley thinks that they could not have been so much allusions to family distress as to the afflictions of the Puritan sect. Benoni occurs in the rate of six to one compared with Benjamin in the registers of the period.

Afterwards the place of Ben was taken by the Syriac Bar, the earliest instance being that of old Barzillai, the Gileadite, whose name signified the son of iron. It seems as though under the Herodean kingdom the custom was coming in that forms the first surnames, that of calling the son by his patronymic almost in preference to his own individual appellation, and thus arose some of the double titles that confuse us as to the identity of the earlier saints. Thus, the “Israelite without guile,” is first introduced as Nathanael, the same as the ancient Nethaneel, captain of the tribe of Issachar, and meaning the gift of God, being compounded of the Divine Word and nathan (a gift). Nathan was the name of the prophet who rebuked David, and of the son whose descendants seem to have taken the place of the royal line. Elnathan occurs as father to the wife of one of the kings, and Jonathan has exactly the same meaning, the gift of God. In the list of apostles, Nathanael is called by his patronymic Bartholomaios, as it stands in the Greek, and Tholomaios is referred to Talmai (furrows), which occurs in the list of the sons of Anak, and also as belonging to the King of Geshur, Absalom’s grandfather.

In the uncertainty whether it was really the apostle, Nathanael was left unused until those English took it up, by whom it was made into Nat.

The other form, though not popular, is of all nations, and from its unwieldy length has endless contractions, perhaps the larger number being German, since it is most common in that central Teutonic land.

English.	German.	Dutch.	Swiss.
Bartholomew	Bartholomaus	Bartelmês	Bartleme
Bart	Bertel		Bartli
Bartley	Barthol
Bat	Mewes
	Bartold
Bavarian.	French.	Danish.	Spanish.
Bartlmê	Bartholomieu	Bartholomeuis	Bartolome
Bartl	Bartolomée	Bartel	Bartolo
Wawel	Tolomieu	Bardo
Wabel
Wabm
Portuguese.	Italian.	Russian.	Polish.
Bartolomeu	Bartolomeo	Varfolomei	Bartlomiej
Bartolomeo	Bortolo		Bartek
Bortolo
Meo
Illyrian.	Lusatian	Esthonian	Lithuanian
Bartuo	Bartolik	Partel	Baltras
Barteo	Barto	Pert	Baltramejus
Jernij	Batram
Vratolomije

Section VIII.—Job.

We must not quit the patriarchal names without mentioning that of Job. This mysterious person is stated in the margin of the Alexandrian version to have originally borne the name of Jobab, which means shouting; and a tradition of the Jews, adopted by some of the Christian fathers, makes him the same as the Jobab, prince of Edom, mentioned in the genealogy in the 33rd chapter of Genesis, a supposition according with his evident position as a great desert sheik, as well as with the early date of his history.

Job, however, as he is called throughout his book, is explained by some to mean persecuted; by others a penitent; and it is evident from a passage in the Koran that this was the way that Mahommed understood it. The tradition of his sufferings lived on among the Arabs, who have many stories about Eyub, or Ayoub, as they pronounce the name still common among them, and their nickname for the patient camel is Abi Ayub, father of Job.

Jöv, probably from their eastern connections, is a name used by the Russians, and has belonged to one of their patriarchs. Otherwise it is a very infrequent name even in England.

Job’s three daughters, Jemima, Kezia, and Kerenhappuch, are explained to mean a dove, cassia, and a horn of stibium. This latter is the paint with which eastern ladies were wont to enhance the beauty of their eyelashes, and it is curious to find this little artifice so ancient and so highly esteemed as to give the very name to the fair daughter of the restored patriarch, perhaps because her eyes were too lovely to need any such adornment. Hers has never been a popular name, only being given sometimes to follow up those of her sisters; Kezia is a good deal used in England, and belonged to a sister of Wesley, who was called Kissy; but Jemima is by far the most general of the three.

The Hebrew interpretation of Jemima makes it a day, but the Arabic word for a dove resembles it more closely, and critics, therefore, prefer to consider it as the Arab feminine version of that which the Israelites had among them as Jonah (a dove). This belonged to the prophet of Nineveh. It is not usual in Europe, but strangely enough the Lithuanians use it as Jonsazus, and the Lapps as Jonka.

What strange fancy can have made Mehetabel, the wife of one of the princes of Edom, leave her four syllables to be popular in England? Many village registers all over the country show it. Was it a remnant of the East in Cornwall, or did Puritans choose it for its meaning, God is beneficent? It was at Jarrow as early as 1578.

Tamar, a palm tree, it may here be mentioned, has continued common among eastern Christians, especially since a distinguished Armenian queen was so called. Now and then very great lovers of biblical names in England give it, and likewise Dinah (judgment).[^[11]]

[11]. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible; Kitto’s Biblical Cycloædia; Proper Names of the Bible.

CHAPTER III.
ISRAELITE NAMES.

Section I.—Moses and Aaron.

At the time of the Exodus, the Israelites had become a nation, and their names, though still formed from a living language, were becoming more hereditary and conventional than those of the patriarchal times.

That of Moses himself, interpreted by the Scripture as meaning drawn out of the water, belongs rather to the Egyptian than to the Hebrew language. It probably came from the Coptic mo, water, and usha, saved; though the Hebrew, mâshâh, also presents a ready derivation: the great Law-giver. It has never been forgotten in the East, where the Arabs in the desert point out Gebel Mousa, the rock of Moses, whence they say the water flowed, and Wady Mousa, the vale of Moses. Mousa is a frequent name among the Arabs to this day, and among the gallant Moors of Granada, none stands so prominently forward in the noble rivalry of Abencerrages and Zegris as does the champion Muza.

Moses was unused by the Jews while they continued a nation, but has been very common in their dispersion, and in Poland has come to be pronounced Mojzesz. The frequent Jewish surname Moss is taken from one of these continental corruptions of the name of the great Law-giver. In Ireland the name Magsheesh has been adopted by the inhabitants as an imitation of Moses; but no form of Moses is used elsewhere[elsewhere], except as a direct Scripture name.

The name of Thermuthis has been found on a tombstone, given apparently in honour of Pharaoh’s daughter, whom Josephus thus denominates.

Aaron’s name is in like manner considered to be Egyptian, and the meaning is very doubtful, though it is commonly explained as a high mountain.

Aaron seems to have been assumed as a name by some of our old British Christians, or else it was accepted as an equivalent for something Keltic, for Aaron and Julius were among our very few British martyrs under Diocletian’s persecution, and a later Aaron was an abbot in Brittany; but it has never been a name in use.[^[12]]

The sister of Moses and Aaron, who led the songs of the Israelites when they saw their enemies dead upon the sea-shore, was the first owner of that name which was to be the most highly honoured among those of women.

Yet it is a name respecting which there is great contention. Gesenius derives it from Merî (stubbornness), with the addition of the third person plural, so as to make it mean their rebellion. Other commentators refer it to the word Marah (bitterness), and thence the bitter gum, myrrh, the same term that was applied to the brackish springs in the desert, and to which the desolate widow of Bethlehem declared her right, when she cried, “Call me not Naomi (pleasant), call me Marah (bitter).” This is on the whole the most satisfactory derivation, but in the middle ages it was explained as Myrrh of the Sea, Lady of the Sea, or Star of the Sea, the likeness to the Latin, Keltic, and Teutonic mar being probably the guide. Star of the Sea is the favourite explanation among Roman Catholics, as the loftiest and most poetical, and it is referred to in many of their hymns and other devotional compositions.

Miriam does not seem to have been repeated until after the captivity, when it took the Greek forms of Mariam and Mariamne, and became very frequent among Jewish women, probably in the expectation of the new deliverance from the bondage that galled them like that of Egypt of old. It was the name of the Asmonean princess in whom the brave Maccabean line was extinguished by Herod the Great; it belonged to three if not to four of the women of the Gospel; and we find it again marking the miserable being who is cited as having fulfilled the most terrible of all the woes denounced by Moses upon the daughters of Jerusalem.

The name of Mariam continued in the East, but was very slow in creeping into the Western Church, though not only the Blessed Virgin herself had borne it, but two very popular saints, namely, the Magdalen, and the Penitent of Egypt, whose legends were both current at a very early period.

The first Maria whom I can find of undoubted western birth was a Spanish maiden, who was martyred by the Moors at Cordova in 851. Michaelis tells us that the old Spanish name of Urraca is the same as Maria, but this can hardly be true.

It seems to have been the devotion of the Crusaders that first brought Maria into Europe, for we find the first instances about the middle of the twelfth century all at once; Maria of Antioch, a Crusader’s daughter, who married the Emperor Manuel Comnenus; her daughter, Maria Comnena, married to the Marquis of Montferrat; Marie, the daughter of Louis VII. of France, and our Eleanor of Guienne, named probably during their Crusader’s fervour; then Marie, the translator of the Breton legends for Henry III.; Marie, the nun daughter of Edward I., and at the same time Marie all over the western world.

Probably the addition of the German diminutive chen, in French on, formed the name of

“A bonny fine maid of noble degree,

Maid Marion called by name.”

Very soon had her fame travelled abroad, for in 1332 the play of Robin et Marion was performed by the students of Angers, one of them appearing as a fillette déguisée. The origin of Marionettes, puppets disguised to play the part of Maid Marion, is thus explained. They may, however, have received their name from the habit of calling small images of the Blessed Virgin Mariettes, or Marionettes. Several streets of old Paris, in which were such images, were called Rue des Mariettes, or later, Rue des Marionettes. All puppets there came to be called Mariettes and Marmousets; and two streets of Paris were down to the last century called Rue des Marmousets. Henri Etienne says: “Never did the Egyptians take such cruel vengeance for the murder of their cats, as has been wreaked in our days on those who had mutilated some Marmouset or Marionette.” Even the bauble of a licensed fool was a Marotte, from the little head at its point, and the supernatural dolls of sorcerers, in the form of toads or apes, were described as Marionettes in an account of a trial for witchcraft in 1600. The term Marmoset passed to the daintiest and most elegant of the monkey tribe, by which it is now monopolized. Marion became a common name in France, and contracted into Manon, and expanded into Marionette, as in a poem of the 13th century where Marion is thus addressed; and in Scotland, where “Maid Marion, fair as ivory bone,” likewise figured in rustic pageantry, she took a stronger hold than anywhere else, is in common life yclept Menie, and has escaped her usual fate of confusion with Marianne. With us, the Blessed Virgin’s name, having come through the French, was spelt in their fashion till the translation of the Bible made our national Mary familiar. Mary II. was the first of our queens who dropped the ie. The chief contractions and endearments are as follows:—

English.	French.	Italian.	Spanish.
Maria	Marie	Maria	Marïa
Mary	Marion	Marietta	Marinha
Marion	Manon	Mariuccia	Mariquinhas
Moll	Maion		Mariquita
Molly	Mariette		Maritornes
Polly	Maillard
Malkin	(Cambrai)
Mawkes
Mawkin
May [^[13]]
Keltic.	Swedish.	Bavarian.	Swiss.
Mair (W.)	Maria	Marie	Marie
Moissey (Manx)	Maria	Mariel	Mareili
Mari (Ir.)		Mariedel	Maga
		Marei	Maieli
		Mareiel	Mija
		Marl	Mieli
		Medal
		Miel
Dutch.	Russian.	Polish.	Illyrian.
Maria	Marija	Mary	Maria
Marieke	Maika	Marysia	Marica
Mike	Mascha	Marynia	Millica
	Mashinka
Lusatian.	Esthonian.	Lapland.	Hungarian.
Mara	Marri	Marja	Maria
Maruscha	Mai		Mari
	Maie		Marka

Our Latin Maria is a late introduction, brought in by that taste which in the last century made everything feminine end with an a.

It is only during the last three centuries that Maria has reigned supreme in Roman Catholic countries, marking the exaggerated devotion paid to the original. Indeed, the Italian proverb, answering to the needle in a bottle of hay, is “Cercar Maria in Ravenna,” so numerous are the Marias there. Even in Ireland there were few Marys till comparatively recent times; but now the Môr that in some parts of the island was translated by Sarah, is changed into Mary.

Since Marys have been thus multiplied, the attributes of the first Mary have been adopted into the Christian name, and used to distinguish their bearer. The earliest and best of these was the Italian Maria Annunciata, or Annunziata, contracted into Nunziata; and followed up in Spain by Maria Anonciada; and in France, by Marie Annonciade. Soon there followed Maria Assunta, in honour of her supposed assumption bodily into glory, but this never flourished beyond Italy, Spain, and her colonies.

France has Marie des Anges, at least as a conventual appellation; as in Spain the votaress of the merciful interceding patroness is called Maria de Mercedes; and she whose parents were mindful of the Seven Sorrows supposed to have pierced the heart of the Holy Mother, would choose for their child Maria de Dolores. There was a legend that Santiago had seen a vision of the Blessed Virgin standing on a pillar of jasper and bidding him found at Zaragoza the church thence called Nuestra[Nuestra] Señora del Pilar, whence, in Spain at least, Pilar has become a female name, as Guadalupe has likewise in honour of a miraculous image of St. Mary, preserved in the church of the mountain once covered with hermitages. Moreover, a district in Mexico, formerly called Tlaltelolco, contained a temple to a favourite goddess of the Aztec race. After the Spanish conquest, the same site became the scene of a vision of Nuestra[Nuestra] Señora, who appeared to a Christian Indian, and intimated that a church was there to be built in her honour. As a token of the reality of the vision, roses burst forth on the bare rock of the Tepeyac, and it further appeared impressed with a miraculous painting, which has been the great subject of adoration from the Mexicans ever since. Guadalupe, a free translation into Spanish of the native name of Tlaltelolco, has been ever since a favourite name with the damsels of Mexico, and is even adopted by such of the other sex as regard the shrine with special veneration. Maria del Incarnaçion is also Spanish. An English gipsy woman lately said ‘Carnation’ was her daughter’s name, and had been her grandmother’s. Was it from this source?

As queen of heaven, Maria has votaries, called in Italy Regina or Reina. The latter was frequent in early times at Florence. In France we find Reine and Reinette, and Regina is a favourite in some parts of Germany, where it has been confused with the derivatives of the old Teutonic Ragin, Council.

Since the promulgation of the new dogma, young ladies in Spain have been called Maria de la Concepcion; in Italy, Concetta. Surely the superstition of these races is recorded in their names. The custom of adding Maria to a man’s name seems to have begun in Italy about 1360, and now most individuals in Italy, and probably likewise in Spain, as well as in the more devout French families, bear the name of Maria; and the old Latin Marius and Virginius, though entirely unconnected except by the sound, have been pressed into the service, and made to do duty as Mario and Virginio in her honour.

Perhaps the Jews had in some degree adopted the Roman fashion of similar names in a family, since the sister of the Blessed Virgin bears the same as her own, and there is a great similarity between those of the sisters of Bethany, which both probably come from mara (bitter), although some deduce Martha from the Aramean mar (a lord), which we often hear as the title of Syrian bishops, as Mar Elias, &c.

Even the earliest writers on the Gospels were at a loss whether to identify the meek contemplative Mary of Bethany, by the woman that was a sinner, who is recorded as performing the same act of devotion, and with Mary Magdalen, once possessed by seven devils and afterwards first witness of the Resurrection. While inquiry was cautious, legend was bold, and threw the three into one without the slightest doubt, going on undoubtingly to narrate the vain and sinful career of Mary Magdalen, describing her luxury, her robes, and in especial her embroidered gloves and flowing hair, and all the efforts of Martha to convert her, until her final repentance. The story proceeded to relate how the whole family set out on a mission to Provence, where Martha, by holding up the cross, demolished a terrific dragon; and Mary, after having aided in converting the country, retired to a frightful desert with a skull for her only companion.

It is this legendary Magdalen, whom painters loved to portray in all her dishevelled grief.

The word itself is believed to be a mere adjective of place, meaning that she came from Magdala, which, in its turn, means a tower or castle, and is represented by the little village of Mejdel, on the lake of Tiberias, so that her proper designation would be Mary of Magdala, i. e. of the tower, probably to distinguish her from Mary of Bethany with whom she is confounded.

It is curious to observe how infinitely more popular her name has been than her sister’s, i. e. accepting the mediæval belief that they were sisters. The Marfa of Russia is of course like the English Martha, Matty, Patty, the true housewifely Martha, independent of the legend of the dragon, and has there been a royal name occurring frequently among the daughters of the earlier Tzars; and the Martha used in Ireland is only as an equivalent for the native Erse Meabhdh, Meave, or Mab, once a great Irish princess, who has since become the queen of the fairies. Martha used also to be used for Mor. But the Marthe and Marthon of the south of France, and the rarer Marta of Italy and Spain, were all from the Provençal dragon-slayer, and as to the popularity of Magdalen, the contractions in the following table will best prove it:

English.	German.	Swiss.	Danish.
Magdalene	Magdalene	Magdalene	Magdelene
Maudlin	Madlen		Malin
Maun	Lene	Leli	Magli
Madeline	Lenchen		Mali
Italian.	French.	Polish.	Servian.
Maddalena	Magdelaine	Magdelina	Mandelina
Spanish.	Mazaline—old	Magdusia	Manda
Magdalena	Madeleine	Magdosia
Madelena	Madelon	Madde
Lusatian.	Esthonian.	Ung.	Lettish.
Madlena	Madli	Magdalena	Madlene
Marlena	Mai	Magdolna	Maddalene
Marlenka	Male		Madde
Madlenka

The penitent Mary of Egypt has had her special votaresses. Maria Egyptiaca was a princess of Oettingen in 1666.[^[14]]

[12]. Proper Names of the Bible; Liddell and Scott’s Greek Lexicon; Butler’s Lives of the Saints; Dean Stanley.

[13]. Marriott occurs in a Cornish register as a feminine in 1666.

[14]. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible; Michaelis; Jameson’s Legends of the Madonna; Sacred and Legendary Art; Romancero del Cid; Warton’s History of Poetry; Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie; O'Donovan, On Irish Names; Festivals and their Household Words; Christian Remembrancer; Mme. Calderon de la Borca, Mexico.

Section II.—Elisheba, &c.

The names of the wife and son of Aaron bring us to a style of nomenclature that was very frequent among the Israelites at the period of the Exodus, and had begun even earlier. This was the habit of making the name contain a dedication to the Deity, by beginning or ending it with a word of Divine signification.

The Divine title known to man before the special revelation to Moses in the burning bush, was the Hebrew word El, in the plural Elohim, which corresponds to our term Deity or God-head. It was by a derivative from this word that Jacob called the spot where he beheld the angels, Beth El (the House of God), and again the place where he built an altar, El Elohe Israel (the God of Israel), as indeed his own name of Israel meant prevailing with God.

This termination is to be found in the names of several of his grandsons; but we will only in the present section review the class of names where it serves as a prefix.

The first of all of these is Eliezer (God of help), the name of Abraham’s steward who went to bring home Rebecca, and again of the second son of Moses. A very slight change, indicated in our version by the change of the vowels, made it Eleazar, or God will help, the name of Aaron’s eldest surviving son, the second high priest. Both continued frequent among the Jews before the captivity, and after it the distinction between them was not observed, though Eleazar was in high repute as having belonged to the venerable martyr in the Antiochian persecution, as well as to the brave Maccabee, who perished under the weight of the elephant he had stabbed.

In the Gospels, Eleazar has become Lazarus, and in this form is bestowed upon the beggar of the parable, as well as on him who was raised from the dead. It is curious to observe the countries where it has been in use. The true old form once comes to light in the earlier middle age as St. Elzéar, the Comte de St. Sabran, who became a devotee of St. Francis, and has had a scanty supply of local namesakes. The beggar’s name has been frequently adopted in Spain as Lazaro or Lazarillo; Italy has many a Lazzaro; Poland, shows Lazarz; Russia, Lasar; Illyria, Lazo and Laze.

Aaron’s wife was Elischeba, meaning God hath sworn, i. e. an appeal to his covenant. It recurred again in the priestly family in the Gospel period, and had become, in its Greek form, Ελισαβετ; in Latin, Elisabeth.

The mother of the Baptist was not canonized in the West, though, I believe, she was so in the East, for there arose her first historical namesake, the Muscovite princess Elisavetta, the daughter of Jaroslav, and the object of the romantic love of that splendid poet and sea-king, Harald Hardràda, of Norway, who sung nineteen songs of his own composition in her praise on his way to her from Constantinople, and won her hand by feats of prowess. Although she soon died, her name remained in the northern peninsula, and figures in many a popular tale and Danish ballad, as Elsebin, Lisbet, or Helsa. It was the Slavonic nations, however, who first brought it into use, and from them it crept into Germany, and thence to the Low Countries.

Elisabeth of Hainault, on her marriage with Philippe Auguste, seems to have been the first to suffer the transmutation into Isabelle, the French being the nation of all others who delighted to bring everything into conformity with their own pronunciation. The royal name thus introduced became popular among the crown vassals, and Isabelle of Angoulême, betrothed to Hugues de Lusignan, but married to King John, brought Isabel to England, whence her daughter, the wife of Friedrich II., conveyed Isabella to Germany and Sicily. Meantime the lovely character of Elisabeth of Hungary—or Erzsebet as she is called in her native country—earned saintly honours, and caused the genuine form to be extremely popular in all parts of Germany. Her namesake great-niece was, however, in Aragon turned into Isabel, and when married into Portugal, received the surname of De la Paz, because of her gentle, peace-making nature. She was canonized; and Isabel, or Ysabel, as it is now the fashion to spell it in Spain, has ever since been the chief feminine royal name in the Peninsula, and was rendered especially glorious and beloved by Isabel the Catholic.

In the French royal family it was much used during the middle ages, and sent us no fewer than two specimens, namely, the ‘She-Wolf of France,’ and the child-queen of Richard II.; but though used by the Plantagenets and their nobility, it took no hold of the English taste; and it was only across the Scottish border that Isobel or Isbel, probably learned from French allies, became popular, insomuch that its contraction, Tibbie, has been from time immemorial one of the commonest of all peasant names in the Lowlands. The wicked and selfish wife of Charles VI. of France was always called Isabeau, probably from some forgotten Bavarian contraction; but she brought her appellation into disrepute, and it has since her time become much more infrequent in France.

The fine old English ballad that makes ‘pretty Bessee’ the granddaughter of Simon de Montfort is premature in its nomenclature; for the first Bess on record is Elizabeth Woodville, whose mother, Jacquetta of Luxemburg, no doubt imported it from Flanders. Shakespeare always makes Edward IV. call her Bess; and her daughter Elizabeth of York is the lady Bessee of the curious verses recording the political courtship of Henry of Richmond. Thence came the name of Good Queen Bess, the most popular and homely of all borne by English women, so that, while in the last century a third at least of the court damsels were addressed as ‘Lady Betty,’ it so abounded in villages that the old riddle arose out of the contractions.

During the anti-Spanish alliance between England and France, Edward VI. was sponsor to a child of Henri II., who received the Tudor name of Elisabeth, but could not become the wife of Philip II., without turning into Isabel; indeed, the Italian Elisabetta Farnese—a determined personage—was the only lady who seems to have avoided this transformation.

Poetry did not improve our Queen Elizabeth by making her into Eliza, a form which, however, became so prevalent in England during the early part of the present century, that Eliza and Elizabeth are sometimes to be found in the same family. No name has so many varieties of contraction, as will be seen by the ensuing list, where, in deference to modern usage, Elizabeth is placed separately from Isabella.


English.	Scotch.	German.	Bavarian.	Swiss.
Elizabeth	Elizabeth	Elisabeth	Lisi	Elsbeth
Eliza	Elspeth	Elise	Liserl	Betha
Bessy	Elspie	Lise		Bebba
Betsey	Bessie	Lischen		Bebbeli
Betty	Lizzie	Elsabet
Lizzy		Elsbet
Libby		Bettine
Lisa		Bette
		Ilse
Danish.	French.	Italian.	Russian.	Polish.
Elisabeth	Elisabeth	Elisabetta	Jelissaveta	Elzbieta
Elsebin	Elise	Elisa	Lisa	Elzbietka
Helsa	Babet	Betta	Lisenka
	Babette	Bettina
	Babichon	Lisettina
Servian.	Slovak.	Esthonian.	Hungarian.	Lusatian.
Jelisavcta	Lizbeta	Ello	Erzebet	Hilzbeta
Jelisavka	Liza	Elts	Erzsi	Hilza
Liza	Lizika	Liso	Erszok	Hilzizka
			Orse	Lisa
			Orsike	Liska
				Beta

Lise and Lisette are sometimes taken as contractions of Elisabeth, but they properly belong to Louise.

English.	Scotch.	French.	Spanish.	Portuguese.
Isabella	Isabel	Isabeau	Ysabel	Isabel
Isabel	Isbel	Isabelle	Bela	Isabelhina
Belle	Tibbie
Nib
Ibbot
Ib

Scotland and Spain are the countries of Isabel; England and Germany of Elizabeth.

The noblest prophet of the kingdom of Israel was called by two Hebrew words, meaning God the Lord, a sound most like what is represented by the letters Eliyahu, the same in effect as that of the young man who reproved Job and his friends, though, in his case, the Hebrew points have led to his being called in our Bible Elihu, while we know the prophet as Elijah, the translators probably intending us to pronounce the j like an i. The Greek translators had long before formed Ἠλιας, the Elias of the New Testament.

When the Empress Helena visited Palestine, she built a church on Mount Carmel, around which arose a cluster of hermitages, and thus the great prophet and his miracles became known both to East and West.

When the Crusaders visited the Mount of Carmel frowning above Acre, and beheld the church and the hermits around it, marked the spot where the great prophet had prayed, and the brook where he slew the idolaters, no wonder they became devoted to his name, and Helie became very frequent, especially among the Normans. Helie de la Flèche was the protector of Duke Robert’s young son, William Clito; and Helie and Elie were long in use in France, as Ellis must once have been in England, to judge by the surnames it has left. Elias is still very common in the Netherlands.

The order of Carmelites claimed to have been founded by the prophet himself; but when the Latins inundated Palestine, it first came into notice, and became known all over the West. It was placed under the invocation of St. Mary, who was thus called in Italy the Madonna di Carmela or di Carmine, and, in consequence, the two names of Carmela and Carmine took root among the Italian ladies, by whom they are still used. The meaning of Carmel, as applied to the mountain, is vineyard or fruitful field.

Elisha’s name meant God of Salvation. It becomes Eliseus in the New Testament, but has been very seldom repeated; though it is possible that the frequent Ellis of the middle ages may spring from it.

Here, too, it may be best to mention the prophetic name by which the Humanity of the Messiah was revealed to Isaiah—Immanuel (God with us), Imm meaning with; an being the pronoun.

The Greeks appear to have been the first to take up this as a Christian name, and Manuel Komnenos made it known in Europe. The Italians probably caught it from them as Manovello; and the Spaniards and Portuguese were much addicted to giving it, especially after the reign of Dom Manoel, one of the best kings of the noble house of Avis. Manuelita is a feminine in use in the Peninsula. When used as a masculine, as it is occasionally in England and France, the first letter is generally changed to E.[^[15]]

[15]. Proper Names of the Bible; Michaelis; Grimm, Deutsche[Deutsche] Mythologie.

Section IV.—Joshua, &c.

A still more sacred personal Divine Name was revealed to Moses upon Mount Horeb—the name that proclaimed the eternal self-existence of Him who gave the mission to the oppressed Israelites.

The meaning of that Name we know, in its simple and ineffable majesty; the pronunciation we do not know, for the most learned doubt whether that the usual substitute for it may not be a mistake. The Jews themselves feared to pronounce it commonly in reading their scriptures, and substituted for it Adonai, that which is indicated by the ‘LORD,’ in capital letters in our Bibles, while the French try to give something of the original import by using the word l'Éternel, and thus the tradition of the true sound has been hidden from man, and all that is known is that the three consonants employed in it were J, or rather Y V H.

Yet, though this holy name was only indicated in reading, it was very frequent in combination in the names of the Israelites, being the commencement of almost all those that with us begin with je or jo, the termination of all those with iah. Nay, the use of the name in this manner has received the highest sanction, since it was by inspiration that Moses added to Hoshea, salvation—the syllable that made it Jehoshea or Joshua, “the Lord my salvation,” fitly marking out the warrior, who, by Divine assistance, should save Israel, and place them safely in the promised land.

That name of the captain of the salvation of Israel seems to have been untouched again till the return from the captivity, when probably some unconscious inspiration directed it to be given to the restorer of the Jews, that typical personage, the high priest, in whom we find it altered into Jeshua; and the Greek soon made it into the form in which it appears as belonging to the author of the book of Ecclesiasticus, and which, when owned by the apostate high priest, under Antiochus Epiphanes, was made by him from Jesus into Jason, to suit the taste of the Greek rulers. It had become common among the Jews; it was the current name for the ancient Joshua, when it was assumed by Him Who alone had a right to it.

A feast in honour of that Name “to which every knee shall bow,” has been marked by the Western Church, and it is probably in consequence of this that the Spanish Americans actually have adopted this as one of their Christian names—a profanation whence all the rest of Christendom has shrunk. There too a and ita are added to it to make it feminine.

In the unfortunate son and grandson of the good Josiah (yielded to the Lord), we see some curious changes of name. The son was called both Eliakim and Jehoiakim, in which the verb meant “will establish or judge;” the only difference was in the Divine Name that preceded it. This miserable prince died during the first siege of Jerusalem, and his son Jehoiachin (appointed of the Lord), reigned for three months till the city was taken, and he was carried away to Babylon. The above-mentioned seems to have been his proper name, but he was commonly called Jeconiah, and Jeremiah denounces his punishment without the prefix, as “this man Coniah.”

After the death of Nebuchadnezzar, Jehoiachin was brought out of prison, and lived in some degree of ease and favour at Babylon; and by Greek authors a sort of compromise was made between his name and his father’s, and he becomes sometimes Jeconias, and sometimes Joacim.

There was an early tradition that Joachim had been the name of the father of the Blessed Virgin, but her private history did not assume any great prominence till about 1500, and in consequence the names of her parents are far less often used before than after that era. Her mother’s name, as we shall see, had a history of its own; and was earlier in general use than that of her father, which scarcely came into England at all, and was better known to us when Murat ascended the throne of Naples than at any other time. Being however found in the apocryphal Gospels, it was in use in the Greek Church, and is therefore to be found in Russia. Its forms are,

German.	Bavarian.	Frisjan.	Swiss.
Joachim	Jochum	Hime	Jocheli
Jochim	Jochem
Achim
Chim
Spanish.	French.	Italian.	Danish.
Joaquim	Joachim	Gioachimo	Joachim
Joquim		Gioachino	Johum
Joa		Giovachino
Russian.	Polish.	Lett.	Illyrian.
Joachim	Jachym	Juzziz	Accim
Akim		Jukkums	Jacim

The Germans, French, and Portuguese have the feminine Joachime, Joaquima; or, in Illyrian, Acima.[^[16]]

The Book of Judges has not furnished many names to collective Europe. Caleb, the faithful spy, who alone finally accompanied Joshua into the Land of Promise out of all the 600,000 who had come out of Egypt, had a name meaning a dog, seldom copied except by the Puritan taste, and only meeting in one language a personal name of similar signification, namely, the Irish cu (gen.) con.

Caleb’s daughter, Achsah, probably from the shortness and pretty sound of her name, which means a tinkling ornament for the ancle, has a good many namesakes in remote village schools, where it is apt to be spelt Axah. Tirzah (pleasantness) was one of those five daughters of Zelophehad, whose heiresship occupies two chapters of the Book of Numbers. She probably was the origin of Thirza, the name of Abel’s wife in Gessner’s idyll of the Death of Abel, a great favourite among the lower classes in England, whence Thyrza has become rather a favourite in English cottages.

Gideon (a feller or destroyer) seems by his martial exploits to have obtained some admirers among the Huguenots of the civil wars of France, for Gédéon was in some small use among them.

The name of the mighty Nazarene, whose strength was in his hair, is not clearly explained. Schimschon seems best to represent the Hebrew sound, but the Greek had made it Σαμψσων; and our translation, Samson. Some translate it splendid son, others as the diminutive of sun.

The Greek Church and her British daughter did not forget the mighty man of valour, and Samson was an early Welsh Bishop and saint, from whom this became a monastic appellation, as in the instance of Mr. Carlyle’s favourite Abbot Samson. The French still call it Simson, which is perhaps more like the original; and our Simpson and Simkins may thus be derived from it, when they do not come from Simon, which was much more frequent.

The name of the gentle and faithful Ruth has never been satisfactorily explained. Some make it mean trembling; others derive it from a word meaning to join together; and others from Reûth (beauty), which is perhaps the best account of it. In spite of the touching sweetness of her history, Ruth’s name has never been in vogue, except under the influence of our English version of the Bible.

Perhaps this may be the fittest place to mention the prevalence of names taken from the river Jordan during the period of pilgrimages. The Jordan itself is named from Jared (to descend), and perhaps no river does descend more rapidly throughout its entire course than does this most noted stream, from its rise in the range of Libanus to its fall in the Dead Sea, the lowest water in the world. To bathe in the Jordan was one of the objects of pilgrims, and flasks of its water were brought home to be used at baptisms—as was done for the present family of Royal children. It was probably this custom that led to the adoption of Jordan as a baptismal name, and it is to be supposed that it was a fashion of the Normans, since it certainly prevailed in countries that they had occupied. In Calabria, Count Giordano Lancia was the friend of the unfortunate Manfred of Sicily, and recognized his corpse. Jourdain was used in France, though in what districts I do not know, and Jordan was at one time recognized in England. Jordan de Thornhill died in 1200; Jordan de Dalden was at the battle of Lewes in 1264, and two namesakes of his are mentioned[mentioned] in the pedigree of his family. Jordan de Exeter was the founder of a family in Connaught, who became so thoroughly Hibernicized, that, after a few generations, they adopted the surname of, Mac Jordan. Galileo dei Gailïlei probably took both his names from Galilee, which comes from Galil, a circle.

Bethlem Gabor will seem to the mind as an instance of Bethlehem (the place of bread), having furnished Christian names for the sake of its associations, and Nazarene has also been used in Germany.

[16]. Dr. Pusey’s Commentary on the Prophets; Kitto’s Biblical Dictionary; Jameson’s Legends of the Madonna; Michaelis.

Section V.—Names from Chaanach.

Perhaps no word has given rise to a more curious class of derivatives than this from the Hebrew Chaanach, with the aspirate at each end, signifying favour, or mercy, or grace.

To us it first becomes known in the form of Hannah, the mother of Samuel, and it was also used with the Divine syllable in the masculine, as Hananeel, Hanani, Hananiah, or Jehohanan, shortened into Johanan.

Exactly the same names were current among the Phœœœœœœnicians, only we have received them through a Greek or Latin medium. Anna, the companion sister of Dido, was no doubt Hannah, and becoming known to the Romans through the worship paid to her and Elisa by the Carthaginians, was, from similarity of sound, confused by them with their Italian goddess, Anna Perenna, the presiding deity of the circling year (Annus). Virgil, by-and-by, wove the traditions of the foundation of Carthage, and the death of Dido, into the adventures of Æneas; and a further fancy arose among the Romans that after the self-destruction of Dido, Anna had actually pursued the faithless Trojan to Italy, and there drowned herself in the river Numicius, where she became a presiding nymph as Anna Perenna! A fine instance of the Romans' habit of spoiling their own mythology and that of every one else! Oddly enough, an Anna has arisen in Ireland by somewhat the same process. The river Liffey is there said to owe its name to Lifé, the daughter of the chief of the Firbolg race being there drowned. In Erse, the word for river was Amhain, the same as our Avon; but on English tongues Amhain Lifé became Anna Liffey, and was supposed to be the lady’s name; another version declared that it was Lifé, the horse of Heremon the Milesian, who there perished.

Hanno, so often occurring in the Punic wars, was another version of the Hebrew Hanan, and the far-famed Hannibal himself answered exactly to the Hananiah or Johanan of the Holy Land, saying that it was the grace of Baal that unhappily he besought by his very appellation. The Greeks called him Annibas, and the Romans wavered between Annibal and Hannibal as the designation of their great enemy. In the latter times of Rome, when the hereditary prænomina were discarded, Annibal and Annibalianus were given among the grand sounds that mocked their feeble wearers, and Annibale lingered on in Italy, so as to be known to us in the person of Annibale Caracci.

It is a more curious fact, however, that Hannibal has always been a favourite with the peasantry of Cornwall. From the first dawn of parish registers Hannyball is of constant occurrence, much too early, even in that intelligent county, to be a mere gleaning from books; and the west country surname of Honeyball must surely be from the same source. A few other eastern names, though none of them as frequent or as clearly traced as the present, have remained in use in this remote county, and ought to be allowed due weight in favour of the supposed influence of the Phœnician traders over the races that supplied them with tin and lead.

The usual changes were at work upon the Jewish names Hannah and Hananiah. Greek had made the first 'Anna, the second Ananias, or Annas. Indeed Hannah is only known, as such, to the readers of the English version of the Bible, from whom the Irish have taken it to represent their native Ainè (joy). All the rest of Europe calls her, as well as the aged prophetess in the temple, Anne.

The apocryphal Gospels which gave an account of the childhood of the Blessed Virgin, called her mother Anna, though from what tradition is not known. St. Anna was a favourite with the Byzantines from very early times; the Emperor Justinian built a church to her in 550, and in 710 her relics were there enshrined. From that time forward Greek damsels, and all those of the adjoining nations who looked to Constantinople as their head, were apt to be christened Anna. In 988, a daughter of the Emperor Basil married and converted Vladimir, Grand Prince of Muscovy, whence date all the numerous Russian Annas, with their pretty changes of endearment. The grand-daughter of this lady, Anne of Muscovy, sister of Harald Hardrada’s Elisif, carried her name to France, where it grew and flourished.

St. Anne became the patron saint of Prague, where a prodigious festival is yearly holden in her honour, and great are the rejoicings of all the females who hear her name, and who are not a few. It was from Prague that the Bohemian princess, Anne of Luxemburg, brought it to England, and gave it to her name-child, Anne Mortimer, by whom it was carried to the house of York, then to the Howards, from them to Anne Boleyn, and thereby became an almost party word in England.

Abroad it had a fresh access of popularity from a supposed appearance of the saint to two children at Auray, in Brittany, and not only was the Bretonne heiress, twice Queen of France, so named, but she transferred the name to her god-sons, among whom the most notable was the fierce Constable, Anne de Montmorency. Her Italian god-daughter, Anna d'Este, brought it back to the House of Guise, and shortly after a decree from Rome, in 1584, made the name more popular still by rendering the feast obligatory, and thenceforth arose the fashion of giving the names of the Blessed Virgin and her mother in combination, as Anne Marie, or Marianne. This is usually the source of the Marianne, Mariana, or Manna, so often found on the continent; in England, Marianne is generally only a corruption of Marion, and Anna Maria is in imitation of the Italian.

Hardly susceptible of abbreviation, no name has undergone more varieties of endearment, some forms almost being treated like independent names, such as the Annot of Scotland, an imitation of the French Annette, showing the old connection between France and Scotland; and in the present day, there has arisen a fashion of christening Annie, probably from some confusion as to the spelling of Ann or Anne.

All these Annes can distinctly be traced from the Byzantine devotion to the mother of the Blessed Virgin spreading westwards, and at Rome magnified by Mariolatry. There are however what seem like forms of Anne in the West before the adoption of the name from Russia and Bohemia. Welsh Angharawd (far from shame), which is treated as Anne’s equivalent. The Scottish Annaple and Annabella are likewise too early to come from St. Anne, and are probably either from Ainè (joy), a favourite name in early Gaelic times, or from the Teutonic Arnhilda—Eagle heroine.

Annabella by no means is to be explained to mean fair Anna, as is generally supposed. Bellus did, indeed, signify handsome in Latin, and became the beau and belle of French, but the habit of putting it at the end of a name, by way of ornament, was not invented till the late period of seven-leagued names of literature. Annys, or Anisia, is a separate name with a saint in the Greek calendar, and was used in England from the Norman Conquest down at least to 1690. Mr. Bardsley thinks, however, that this was really Agnes; and certainly the unfortunate Scotchwoman, who was supposed to have raised the tempest before the wedding of James VI., is called indifferently Agnes or Annis Simpson.

English.	Scotch.	French.	Spanish.	Italian.
Hannah	Hannah	Anne	Ana	Anna
Anna	Anne	Annette	Anita	Annica
Anne	Nannie	Nanette		Nanna
Nan	Annot	Nanon		Ninetta
Nancy		Ninon
Nanny		Ninette
		Nichon
		Nillon
German.	Dutch.	Danish.	Swiss.	Bavarian.
Anne	Anna	Anna	Anne	Anne
Annchen	Antje	Annika	Annali	Annerl
	Naatje		Nann	Nannerl
	Annechet		Nanneli
Bohemian.	Russian.	Servian.	Lusatian.	Lett.
Ana	Anna	Anna	Anna	Anne
Ancika	Anninka	Anuschka	Hanna	Annusche
Anca	Anjuska	Aneta	Hanzyzka
	Anjutka	Anica	Hancicka
	Annuschka	Anicsika
		Anka
Lithuanian.		Hungarian.		Polish.
Ane	Annze	Anna	Panni	Anna
Anikke		Nani	Panna	Anusia

Ἰώαννα, or Ἰαννης, for the masculine, Ἰώαννα for the feminine, were already frequent among the natives of Judea, though they appear not to have been used in the family of Zacharias when he was commanded so to call his son.

The Evangelist who was surnamed Mark, and Joanna the wife of Herod’s steward, both had received their names independently, and thus Joannes became a most universal baptismal name, given from the first in the East and at Rome. There were many noted bishops so called in the fourth century, the earliest time when men began to be baptized in memory of departed saints, rather than by the old Roman names. The first whose name is preserved is Joannes of Egypt, one of the hermits of the Thebaïd; the next is the great deacon of Antioch, and patron of Constantinople, Joannes Chrysostomos (John of the golden mouth), whose Greek surname, given him for his eloquence, has caused him to be best known as St. Chrysostom, and has perpetuated in Italy, Grisostomo; in Spain, Crisostomo; whilst the Slavonian nations translate the name and make it Zlatoust.

At Constantinople, the patriarch[patriarch] St. Joannes the Silent, at Rome, the martyr Pope St. Johannes I., at Alexandria, the beneficent patriarch St. Joannes the Almoner, all renewed the popularity of their name. The last mentioned was originally the patron of the order of Hospitallers, though when these Franks were living at enmity to the Greek Church, they discarded him in favour of the Baptist. Each of the two Scriptural saints had two holidays,—the Baptist on the day of his nativity, and of his decollation; the Evangelist, on the 27th of December, as well as on the 6th of May, in remembrance of his confession in the cauldron of boiling oil.

Thus the festivals were so numerous that children had an extra chance of the name, which the Italians called Giovanni, or for short, Vanni; and the French, Jehan.

It was still so infrequent at the time of the Norman Conquest, that among the under-tenants in Domesday Book, to 68 Williams, 48 Roberts, and 28 Walters, there are only 10 Johns, but it was flourishing in the Eastern Church, where one of the Komneni was called, some say from his beauty, others from the reverse, Kaloioannes, or handsome John, a form which was adopted bodily by his descendants, the Komneni of Trebizond.

It had come into Ireland at first as Maol-Eoin (shaveling, or disciple of John), the Baptist sharing with St. Patrick the patronage of the island; but Shawn or Seoin soon prevailed in Ireland, as did Ian in Scotland; but not till the Crusades did French or English adopt it to any great extent, or the English begin to Anglicize it in general by contracting the word and writing it John.

The misfortunes of the English Lackland and of the French captive of Poictiers caused a superstition that theirs was an ill-omened royal name, and when John Stuart came to the Scottish throne, he termed himself Robert III., without, however, averting the doom of his still more unhappy surname. It did not fare amiss with any Castilian Juan or Portuguese Joâo; and in Bohemia a new saint arose called Johanko von Nepomuk, the Empress’s confessor, who was thrown from the bridge of Prague by the insane Emperor Wenzel for refusing to betray her secrets.

As St. Nepomucene, he had a few local namesakes, who get called Mukki or Mukkel. The original word is said to mean helpless.

Double names, perhaps, originated in the desire to indicate the individual patron, where there were many saints of similar name, and thus the votaries of the Baptist were christened Gian Battista, or Jean Baptiste, but only called by the second Greek title—most common in Italy—least so in England.


English.	French.	Spanish.	Italian.	Swiss.	Polish.
Baptist	Baptiste	Bautista	Battista	Bisch	Baptysta
	Batiste			Bischli

The Illyrians, using the word for christianizing instead of that for baptizing, make the namesakes of the Baptist Kerstiteli.

It was probably in honour of St. John the Evangelist’s guardianship of the Blessed Virgin that her name became commonly joined with his. Giovanni Maria Visconti of Milan, appears in the fifth century, and Juan Maria and Jean Marie soon followed in Spain and France.

Johann was the correct German form, usually contracted into Hans; and it was the same in Sweden, where Johann I., in 1483, was known as King Hans; and in Norway, Hans and Jens, though both abbreviations of Johan, are used as distinct names, and have formed the patronymics, Hanson and Jensen, the first of which has become an English surname. Ivan the Terrible, Tzar of Muscovy, was the first prince there so called, though the name is frequent among all ranks, and the sons and daughters are called Ivanovitch and Ivanovna.

Rare as patronymic surnames are in France, this universal name has there produced Johannot, while the contraction is Jeannot, answering to the Spanish Juanito and the patronymic Juanez. Jan is very frequent in Brittany, where the diminutive is Jannik.

Jock is the recognized Scottish abbreviation, and it would seem to have been the older English one according to the warning to Jockey of Norfolk, at Bosworth. Jack sounds much as if the French Jacques had been his true parent; but “sweet Jack Falstaff, old Jack Falstaff” has made it alienable from John.

Though Joanna was a holy woman of the Gospel, her name did not come into favour so early as the male form, and it is likely that it was adopted rather in honour of one of the St. Johns than of herself, since she is not canonized; and to the thirty feasts of the St. Johns, in the Roman calendar, there are only two in honour of Joannas, and these very late ones, when the name was rather slipping out of fashion. Its use seems to have begun all at once, in the twelfth century, in the south of France and Navarre, whence ladies called Juana in Spanish, Jehanne or Jeanne in France, came forth, and married into all the royal families of the time. Our first princess so called was daughter to Henry II., and married into Sicily; and almost every king had a daughter Joan, or Jhone, as they preferred spelling it. Joan Makepeace was the name given to the daughter of Edward II., when the long war with the Bruces was partly pacified by her marriage; and Joan Beaufort was the maiden romantically beloved by the captive James I. The Scots, however, usually called the name Jean, and adopted Janet from the French Jeanette, like Annot from Annette.

The various forms and contractions are infinite:—


English.	Scotch.	Welsh.	Breton.	Gaelic.
John	John	Jan	Jan	Ian
Johnny	Johnnie	Jenkin	Jannik
Jack	Jock
Jenkin
Erse.	German.	Danish.	Dutch.	Belgian.
Shawn	Johannes	Johan	Jan	Jehan
Eoin	Hans	Janne	Jantje	Jan
	Hanschen	Jens		Hannes
		Hans		Hanneken
		Jantje		Hanka
Bavarian.	Swiss.	French.	Spanish.	Portuguese.
Johan	Johan	Jean	Juan	Joao
Hansl	Han	Jeanno	Juanito	Joaninho
	Hansli	Jehan—old		Joanico
	Hasli			Joaozinho
Italian.	Modern Greek	Russian.	Polish.	Bohemian.
Giovanni	Ιωαννης	Ivan	Jan	Jan
Gianni	Jannes	Vanja	Janek
Gian	Giannes	Vanka
Giovanoli	Giankos	Ivanjuschka
Giannino	Giannakes	Vanjuschka
Vanni	Joannoulos	Vanjucha
Nanni	Nannos
Gianozzo
Slavonic.	Illyrian.	Lett.	Lithuanian.	Esthonian.
Jovan	Jovan	Janis	Jonas	Johan
Ivan	Jovica	Janke	Ancas	Hannus
Janez	Jvo	Ans	Jonkus	Ants
	Jveica	Ansis	Jonkutti
	Jvic		Enseliss
			Enskis
Hungarian.	Lapp.
Janos	Jofan
Jani	Jofa

Jessie, though now a separate name, is said to be short for Janet. Queen Joans have been more uniformly unfortunate than their male counterparts. Twice did a Giovanna reign in Naples in disgrace and misery; and the royalty of poor Juana la Loca in Castille was but one long melancholy madness. There have, however, been two heroines, so called, Jeanne of Flanders, or Jannedik la Flamm, as the Bretons call her, the heroine of Henbonne, and the much more noble Jeanne la Pucelle of Orleans. The two saints were Jeanne de Valois, daughter of Louis XI., and discarded wife of Louis XII., and foundress of the Annonciades, and Jeanne Françoise de Chantel, the disciple of St. François de Sales.

Johanna is a favourite with the German peasantry, and is contracted into Hanne. It was not till the Tudor period, as Camden states, that Jane came into use; when Jane Seymour at once rendered it so fashionable that it became the courtly title; and Joan had already in Shakespeare’s time descended to the cottage and kitchen.

English.	Scotch.	German.	Dutch.	French.
Johanna	Joanna	Johanna	Jantina	Jeanne
Joanna	Jean	Hanne	Janotje	Jehanne
Joan	Jeanie		Jantje	Jeannette
Jane	Jenny			Jeannetton
Jone	Janet
Jenny	Jessie (Gael.)
Janet	Jessie (Gael.)
Janetta	Seonaid
Spanish.	Portuguese.	Italian.	Russian.	Polish.
Juana	Jovanna	Giovanna	Ivanna	Joanna
Juanita	Johannina	Giovannina	Zaneta	Hanusia
			Anniuscka	Anusia
Slovak.	Illyrian.	Bulgarian.	Lusatian.
Jovana	Ivana	Ivanku	Hanka
Janesika	Jovana
Ivancica	Jovka
	Ivka

Section VI.—David.

“The man after God’s own heart” was well named from the verb to love, David, still called Daood in the East. It was Δαυὶδ in the Septuagint; Δαβὶδ and Δαυεὶδ in the New Testament; and the Vulgate made it the name well known to us.

The Eastern Church, in which the ancient Scriptural names were in greater honour than in the West, seems to have adopted David among her names long before it was revived among the Jews, who never seem to have used it since the days of their dispersion. It has always been common among the Armenians and Georgians. Daveed is frequent in Russia, in honour of a saint, who has his feast on the 29th of July; and in Slavonic it is shortened into Dako; in Esthonia it is Taved; in Lusatia, Dabko.

The influence of eastern Christianity is traceable in the adoption of David in the Keltic Church. Early in the 6th century, a Welshman of princely birth (like almost all Welsh saints), by name David, or Dawfydd, lived in such sanctity at his bishopric of Menevia, that it has ever since been known as St. David’s, the principal Welsh see having been there transplanted from Caerleon in his time. Dewi was the vernacular alteration of his name, and the Church of Llan Dewi Brevi commemorates a synod held by him against the Pelagians. Dafod, or Devi, thus grew popular in Wales, and when ap Devi ceased to be the distinction of the sons of David—Davy, Davis, and Davies became the surname, Taffy the contraction, and Tafline or Vida the feminine. The Keltic bishop was revered likewise in Scotland, and his name was conferred upon the third son of Malcolm Ceanmohr, the best sovereign whom Scotland ever possessed, and whom she deservedly canonized, although his Protestant descendant James VI. called him “a sore saint to the crown,” because of his large donations of land to the clergy—at that time the only orderly subjects in the country. Affection and honour for the royal saint filled the Lowlands with Davids, and this has continued a distinctively Scottish name.

The Anglicizing Irish took David as the synonym of Dathi (far darting); and Diarmaid (a freeman); and the Danes made it serve for Dagfinn (day white).[^[17]]

[17]. Proper Names of the Bible; Rees, Welsh Saints; Jones, Welsh Sketches; O'Donovan, Irish Names; Seven Champions of Christendom.

Section VII.—Salem.

It is remarkable to observe how the longing for peace is expressed in the names of almost every nation. The warlike Roman may be an exception, but the Greek had his Eireneos; the German, his Friedrich; the Kelt, his Simaith; the Slave, his Lubomirski; testifying that even in the midst of war, there was a longing after peace and rest! And, above all, would this be the case with the Hebrew, to whom sitting safely and at peace, beneath his own vine and his own fig-tree, was the summit of earthly content.

Schalem (peace)! By the Prophet-King it was bestowed upon the two sons to whom he looked for the continuance of his throne, and the continuance of the promises of ‘peace,’—Absalom (father of peace), and afterwards with a truer presage, Salomo, or Solomon, (the peaceful)!

Long before his time, however, Welsh and Breton saints had been called Solomon, as well as one early Armorican prince; and likewise an idiot boy, who lived under a tree at Auray, only quitting it when in want of food, to wander through the villages muttering “Salaum hungry”—the only words, except Ave Maria, that he could pronounce. When he died, the neighbours, thinking him as soulless as a dog, buried him under his tree; but, according to the legend, their contempt was rebuked by a beauteous lily springing from his grave, and bearing on every leaf the words Ave Maria. Certain it is that an exquisite church was there erected, containing the shrine of Salaun the Simple, who thus became a popular saint of Brittany, ensuring tender reverence for those who, if mindless, were likewise sinless, and obtaining a few namesakes.

Salomon and Salomone are the French and Italian forms; and Solomon is so frequent among the Jews as to have become a surname.

Russia and Poland both use it, and have given it the feminines, Ssolominija and Salomea; but Schalem had already formed a true feminine name of its own, well known in Arabic literature as Suleima, Selma, or Selima.

But returning to the high associations whence the names of Christians should take their source, we find Salome honoured indeed as one of the women first at the sepulchre; and it is surprising that thus recommended, her name should not have been more frequent. It sometimes does occur in England, and Salomée is known in France; but it is nowhere really popular except in Switzerland, where, oddly enough, Salomeli is the form for the unmarried, and Salome is restricted to the wife.

In Denmark, similarity of sound led Solomon to be chosen as the ecclesiastical name, so to speak, of persons whose genuine appellation was Solmund, or sun’s protection. Perhaps it was in consequence that the Lord Mayor of London, of 1216, obtained the name of Solomon de Basing. The county of Cornwall much later shows a Soloma.[^[18]] It is a question whether Lemuel be another name for Solomon. It means “to God,” or “dedicated to God,” and was a favourite at one time with Puritan mothers. Swift made it famous; but Lemuel Gulliver was by no means an improbable north country name, and Lemuel is not wholly disused even now.

[18]. Proper Names of the Bible; Souvestre, Derniers Bretons.

Section VIII.—Later Israelite Names.

By the time the kingdom was established most of the Israelite names were becoming repetitions of former ones, and comparatively few fresh ones come to light, though there are a few sufficiently used to be worth cursorily noting down.

Hezekiah meant strength of the Lord, and in the Greek became Ezekias. Ezekiel is like it, meaning God will strengthen. The great prophet who was the chief glory of Hezekiah’s reign was Isaiah (the salvation of the Lord), made by Greek translators into Esaias, and thence called by old French and English, Esaie, or Esay. The Russians, who have all the old prophetic names, have Eesaia; but it is not easy to account for the choice of Ysaie le Triste as the name of the child of Tristram and Yseulte in the romance that carried on their history to another generation, unless we suppose that Ysaie was supposed to be the masculine of Yseulte! the one being Hebrew, and meaning as above, the other Keltic, and meaning a sight.

Contemporary with Hezekiah, and persecuted by the Assyrian monarch when he returned to Nineveh after the miraculous destruction of his host, was the blind Israelite of the captivity whose name is explained to have been probably Tobijah (the goodness of the Lord), a name occurring again in the prophet Zechariah, and belonging afterwards to one of the Samaritan persecutors. Probably, in Greek, came the variation of the names of the father and son; perhaps the latter was once meant for Tobides, the son of Tobias.

The marvellous element in the book of Tobit gained for it much popularity; scenes from it appeared in art. Thus Tobias had a diffusion in the later middle ages much greater than the names of his contemporaries of far more certain history, and in Ireland Toby has enjoyed the honour, together with Thaddeus and Timothy, of figuring as an equivalent for Tadgh, a poet.

English.	French.	Swiss.	Hamburg.	Italian.	Russian.
Tobias	Tobie	Tobies	Tewes	Tobia	Tobija
Tobit		Tebes			Tobej
Toby		Tebos
		Beiali

Hephzibah (my delight is in her), was the wife of Hezekiah, and it may have been in allusion to her that Isaiah spoke of the land being called Hephsibah. It has been rather a favourite name in America, where it gets turned into Hepsy.

As Judah sinned more and more and her fate drew on, Jeremiah stood forth as her leading prophet. His name meant exalted of the Lord, and became Jeremias in the Greek, Jeremy in vernacular English. As the name of some of the early eastern saints it has had a partial irregular sort of use in the West, and is adopted direct from the prophet in the Greco-Slavonic Churches. The French, struck by the mournful strain of the prophet, use Jeremiade to express a lamentation; and the English are rather too ready to follow their example. Jeremy is considered as another variety of equivalent for the Gaelic Diarmaid, and this has led to the frequency of Jerry among families of Irish connection. In Switzerland, Jeremias is contracted into Meies or Mies; in Russia it is Jeremija; but nowhere has it been so illustrious in modern times as in the person of our own Jeremy Taylor. The king whom Jeremiah saw led into captivity was Zedekiah (justice of the Lord).

The prophet of the captivity, Daniel, bore in his name an amplification of that of Dan (a judge). The termination signified God the judge, and the alias Belteshazzar, imposed upon him by the Chaldean monarch, is considered to translate and heathenize the name, making Bel the judge. It is observable that Daniel never calls himself thus, though he gives these heathen titles to his three companions.

Daniel has always flourished as a name in the East. Daniel and Verda (a rose), were martyred by Shapoor in 344; another Daniel was crazy enough to succeed Simeon Stylites on his pillar; and thus the Armenian, Montenegrin, and Slavonian races are all much attached to Daniela, or Daniil, as they call it in Russia; or in Esthonia, Taniel or Tanni. The Welsh adopted it as Deiniol, the name of the saint who founded the monastery of Bangor, the High Choir, in the sixth century, and it was thus known to the Bretons; and in Ireland it was adopted as the equivalent to Domnall, Donacha, and other names from Don (or brown-haired), thus causing Dan to be one of the most frequent of Irish contractions.

St. Jerome “transfixed with a dagger”—with his pen—the additional chapters of the Book of Daniel relating to the story of Susanna, to show that he did not regard it as genuine, but, like the story of Judith, it was greatly more popular than the narratives in the canonical books, and was commemorated in ballad, mystery, tapestry, and painting. The name was properly Schuschannah (a lily), though we know it as Susannah. It belonged to one of the holy women at the sepulchre, and it was likewise in the calendar, for two virgin martyrs, named Susanna, had suffered in the times of persecution, and though not commemorated in the Western Church, Queen Susanna, the “Lily of Tiflis,” had died for the truth in the hands of Mahometans. The name has been chiefly popular in France and Switzerland, as in England. The Swiss contraction, Züsí-Ketti, for Susanne-Catherine, is quaint.[^[19]]

English.	German.	Bavarian
Susannah	Susanne	Susanne
Susan	Suschen	Sanrl
Susie	Suse	Sandrl
Sukey
Sue
Swiss.	French.	Lithuanian.
Susanne	Susanne	Zuzane
Zosa	Suzette
Zosel	Suzon
Zösel

This may be the best place to mention the Aramean Tabitha, explained by St. Luke as the same as Dorcas (a roe or gazelle), the Greek word being from its full dark eye. Tabitha and Dorcas both have associations unsuited to the “dear gazelle.” As the charitable disciple raised by St. Peter, her names were endeared to the Puritans.

Of the minor prophets, the names have been little employed. Joel meant strong-willed; Amos, a burthen; Obadiah, servant of the Lord, has been slightly more popular, perhaps, in honour of him who hid the prophets in a cave, with whom the mediæval imagination confounded the prophet, so that loaves of bread are the emblem of Obadiah in ancient pictures of the twelve prophets. Even the Abbacuc, as the Apocrypha calls him, who, in the story of Bel and the Dragon is carried off by the hair to feed Daniel in the den of lions, seems to have been likewise supposed to be the same person in the strange notions of Scripture history that once floated among our forefathers. The name of Abacuck, or Habbakkuk, was conferred upon a child by one of the last persons one would have suspected of such a choice, namely, Mary, Queen of Scots. On her way to mass, she was waylaid by one of her caterers, who acquainted her that he had a child to be baptized, and desired her to give the name. “She said she would open the Bible in the chapel, and whatever name she cast up, that should be given to the child;” and for the child’s misfortune it proved to be ‘Abacuck!’ The name comes from the verb to clasp, and means embracing.

Micah is a contraction of Micaiah, and means “Who is like unto the Lord.” Nahum—to us connected with “Tate and Brady”—was consolation; Nehemiah expanded it, adding the Divine termination; Zephaniah is, protected of the Lord; Haggai (festival of the Lord), called Aggae, when brought through a Greek medium, is rather a favourite in Russia.

Zachariah (remembrance of the Lord), has been more in favour. After belonging to a king of Israel and to the priest murdered by King Jehoash, it came forth after the captivity as Zechariah with the prophet; and in the New Testament, as Zacharias, names the father of the Baptist; and the mysterious martyr who was to fill up the measure of the iniquity of the Jews; and again appears as Zaccheus, the publican of Jericho. It was rather frequent among Eastern Christians, and belonged to the pope who first invited the Franks into Italy to protect him from the Lombards; nor has it ever quite died away in the West, although nowhere popular.

English.	French.	Italian.	Danish.
Zacharias	Zacharie	Zaccaria	Sakerl
Zachary
Zach
Bavarian.	Russian.	Slavonic.	Illyrian.
Zachereis	Sacharija		Sakarie
Zacherl	Sachar	Charija	Zaro
Zacher			Zako
Zaches
Zach

Of those to whom these later prophets were sent, Ezra’s name is thought to be the same as that of Zerah, son of Judah, the rising of light, from whom likewise Heman, the writer of the 88th Psalm, is termed the Ezrahite. The name of Ezra is hardly to be recognized in that of Esdras, as the Greek translators rendered it.[^[20]] The house of Aphrah, mentioned in the Prophet Micah, means the house of dust, or ashes, and the Puritans, with their love of piteous names, adopted Aphra as a name. As well it appears as ‘Dust’ and ‘Ashes’ in actual English.[^[21]]

[19]. Proper Names of the Bible; Jones, Welsh Sketches; Michaelis; O'Donovan; Butler.

[20]. Proper Names of the Bible; Michaelis; Chambers, Records of Scotland.

[21]. Bardsley, Puritan Nomenclature.

Section IX.—Angelic Names.

We have thrown these together, because, though our common term for those spiritual messengers is Greek, yet all the other words for them, as well as the three individual angelic designations that have come into use as baptismal names, are derived from the Hebrew.

Moreover, the first of these belonged to the last of the prophets, Malach-jah, the angel or messenger of God. It has even been thought by some commentators that this title of the prophet was the quotation of his own words, “Behold, I send my messenger (or Malachi) before my face.”

Malachi would never have been a modern name, but for the Irish fancy that made it the equivalent of Maelseachlain, the disciple of St. Sechnall, or Secundus, a companion of St. Patrick; and as the era of him who is now called King Malachi with the collar of gold, was particularly prosperous, the name has come into some amount of popularity.

The Septuagint always translated Malach by Ἀγγελος, even in that first sentence of the prophet, which in our version bears his name. Angelos had simply meant a messenger in Greek, as it still does; but it acquired the especial signification of a heavenly messenger, both in its own tongue, and in the Latin, whither Angelus was transplanted with this and no other sense.

Angelos first became a name in the Byzantine Empire. It probably began as an epithet, since it comes to light in the person of Konstantinos Angelos, a young man of a noble family of Philadelphia, whose personal beauty caused him, about the year 1100, to become the choice of the Princess Theodora Komnena. It is thus highly probable that Angelos was first bestowed as a surname, on account of the beauty of the family. They were on the throne in 1185, and Angelos continued imperial till the miserable end of the unhappy Isaac, and his son, Alexios, during the misdirected crusade of the Venetians. Angelos thus became known among the Greeks; and somewhere about 1217, there came a monastic saint, so called, to Sicily, who preached at Palermo, and was murdered by a wicked count, whose evil doings he had rebuked. The Carmelites claimed St. Angelo as a saint of their order, and his name, both masculine and feminine, took hold of the fancy of Italy, varied by the Neapolitan dialect into Agnolo or Aniello—e. g., the wonderful fisherman, Masaniello, was, in fact, Tomasso Angelo; by the Venetian into Anziolo, Anzioleto, Anzioleta; and by the Florentine, into Angiolo, Angioletto, and thence into the ever-renowned contraction Giotto, unless indeed this be from Gotofredo. It passed to other nations, but was of more rare occurrence there, except in the feminine. The fashion of complimenting women as angels, left the masculine Ange to be scantily used in France, and Angel now and then in England; but in Italy alone did Angiolo, and its derivative Angelico, thrive. All the other countries adopted the feminine, either in the simple form or the diminutive, or most commonly, the derivative, Angelica (angelical), noted in romance as the faithless lady, for whose sake Orlando lost his heart, and his senses. She was a gratuitous invention of Boiardo and Ariosto; whose character for surpassing beauty made her name popular, and thus Angelica and Angelique have always been favourites.

English.	German.	French.
Angela	Engel	Angele
Angelot	Engelchen	Angeline
Angelina	Angelina	Angelique
Angelica	Angelica
Italian.	Polish.	Bohemian.
Angiola	Ancela	Anjela
Angioletta		Anjelina
Angelica		Anjelika
Agnola
Anzioleta

Angel was most often a man’s name in England. We find it at Hadleigh, Suffolk, in 1591, and sometimes likewise in Cornwall.

Archangel has even been used as an English name.

The mysterious creatures that are first mentioned as “keeping the way of the tree of life,” then were represented in the tabernacle overshadowing the ark, and afterwards were revealed in vision to the Prophet Ezekiel and to the Apostle St. John, combined in their forms the symbols of all that was wisest, bravest, strongest, and loftiest in creation—the man, the lion, the ox, and eagle.

In the lands where Art made the Cherub a mere head with wings, Cherubino arose as a Christian name, for it is hardly ever to be met with out of Spain and Italy.

Equally misused is Seraph—now a lady’s name, as Seraphine in France; Serafina, in Spain and Italy. The word seraph, or saraph, signifies burning, or fiery, and would apply to that intensity of glory that Ezekiel struggles to express in the cherubim by comparisons to amber and to glowing embers, or to their intense fervour of love.

Three individual angels have been revealed to us by name as of the seven that stand in the presence of God, and foremost of these is Michael (who is like unto God), he who was made known to Daniel as the protector of the Jewish people; to Zechariah, as defending them from Satan; to St. Jude, as disputing with Satan for the body of Moses; and to St. John, as leading the hosts of Heaven to battle with the adversary and prevailing over him.

His name would have seemed in itself fit only for an archangel, yet before apparently he had been made known, it had been borne by the father of one of David’s captains, and by a son of Jehoshaphat, and it was almost the same as Micaiah, the name of him who foretold the destruction of Ahab.

Constantine the Great dedicated a church in his new city in honour of St. Michael, the archangel, and thenceforth Mickaelion, or Mikael, have been favourites with all branches of the Eastern Church.

An appearance of the archangel in Colosse led the way to another legend of his descent upon Monte Galgano in Apulia, somewhere about 493. Then came a more notable vision, seen by Gregory the Great himself, of the angel standing with outstretched sword on the tomb of Adrian, which has ever since been called the castle of St. Angelo. In 706, St. Michael was again seen to take his stand upon the isolated rock on the Norman coast, so noted as the fortress and convent of Mont St. Michel. Moreover tradition placed him upon the Cornish rock,—

“When the great vision of the guarded mount

Looked towards Namancos and Bayona’s hold.”

He was above all others the patron of the Christian warrior; his armour-clad effigy was seen in almost every church; the young knight was dubbed in his name, as well as that of the national saint; and since the prevalence of saintly names, his name has been frequently bestowed. It is, perhaps, most common in the Greek and Slavonic countries; but Ireland makes great use of it; and Italy has united it with the epithet angel, in the one distinguished instance of Michelangelo Buonarotti.

English.	French.	Spanish.	Italian.
Michael	Michel	Miguel	Michele
Mick	Michon
Mike	Michau
German.	Dutch.	Swedish.	Russian.
Michael	Michiel	Mikael	Michail
Micha	Micheltje	Mikel	Michaila
Micha		Mikas	Misha
			Mischenka

Slavonic.	Servian.	Lett.	Hungarian.
Miha	Miljo	Mikkelis	Mihaly
Mihal	Miho		Mihal
Mihaljo	Misa		Miska
	Mijailo

There is some confusion in the German mind between it and the old michel (mickle, large), which, as a name, it has quite absorbed. It has the rare feminines,

French.	Russian.	Portuguese.
Michelle	Micheline	Miguella
Michée	Mikelina

Legend has been far less busy with Gabriel, “the hero of God;” the angel who strengthened Daniel, and who brought the promise to Zacharias and to the Blessed Virgin. His name is chiefly used by the Slavonians; and in Hungary we find it in combination with Bethlehem, belonging to that noted chieftain, Bethlem Gabor.

It was known and used everywhere, however; and the Swedish house of Oxenstjerna considered it to have been the saving of their line from extinction, all their sons having died in the cradle, owing, it was thought, to Satan’s strangling them; till at length one was named Gabriel; and having thus obtained the protection of the guardian angel, survived to be the ancestor of the minister of the great Gustavus. The feminine, Gabrielle, has been a favourite in France ever since la belle Gabrielle gave it a reputation for beauty.

English.	German.	Bavarian.	Swiss.	Italian.
Gabriel	Gabriel	Gabe	Gabëler	Gabriello
Gab		Gaberl
Russian.	Polish.	Illyrian	Lett.	Hungarian.
Gavrül	Gabryel	Gabriel	Gaberjels	Gabriel
Gavrila		Gavrilo	Gabris	Gabor
		Gavril
		Gavro
FEMININE.
French.	German.	Slavonic.
Gabrielle	Gabriele	Gavrila
		Gavra

Raphael (the medicine of God), is the angel who guided Tobias and healed his father. Italy and Spain are the countries where his name is most used, and well it may, in the first named, after the fame of him who has made it the highest proverb in art. It hardly varies, except by the double ff Italian, and the single one of Spain, to supply its Greek φ. I have heard of a girl at Mentone called Ravelina, probably Raffaellina.[^[22]]

[22]. Smith, Dictionary of the Bible; Proper Names of the Bible; Williams, Commentary on the Gospels; Jameson, Sacred and Legendary Art; Ruskin, Modern Painters; Marryat, Sweden.

PART II.
NAMES PROM THE PERSIAN.

Section I.—The Persian Language.

Scanty as are the Christian names derived from the Persian race, they are very curious and interesting, partly on account of the changes that they have undergone, and still more because the language whence they are derived belongs to the same group as our own, and testifies in many of its words to the common origin.

To begin with the sovereign to whom all alike look up; him who is “called by name in the book of Isaiah,” as the shepherd who should restore Judah after the Captivity. Kuru is a name said to be older than the Sanscrit and of unknown signification; although some derive it from Khur, one name for the sun. Kureish was the original form; Koreish to the Hebrews; Kyros to the Greeks, whence the Romans took the Cyrus by which he is known to Europe. His only namesake in his own line was he who invited the 10,000 from Greece and perished at Cunaxa, and of whom is told the story of his willing acceptance of the water of the river Kur or Cyrus, whose name sounded like his own. When the Sassanids revived the old Achæmenid names they pronounced the royal word as Khoosroo, and the Byzantines recorded it as Chosröes, when Chosröes Nushirvan, or the magnanimous, almost rivalled the glory of his ancestor—Kai Khoosroo, as the Shahnameh called him.

Not only had the fire-worshippers revived the name, but it had been borne by various Christians in the East, one of whom, a physician of Alexandria, suffered in one of the persecutions, having been detected in visiting a Christian prisoner. He was buried at Canope, in Egypt, and was called in the Coptic calendar Abba Cher, or Father Cyrus; in the Greek, Abba Cyrus. His relics were afterwards transported to Rome, where the Church built over them was called, by the Italians, Saint Appassara. Like a fixed star, the original Cyrus had shone through adjacent darkness, evident by his lustre, but his lineaments lost in distance, and thus Ferdosi makes him a mere mythical hero. Herodotus copied some distorted tradition; Xenophon pourtrayed imaginary perfection in his Cyropædia; and moderns have taken even greater liberties with him. Artaban, ou le grand Cyrus, the ponderous romance of Mlle. de Scudery, was a stately French tale of love and war, containing a long amorous correspondence between Cyrus and his beloved, the model and admiration of the précieuses in their glory, and absolutely not without effect upon nomenclature. In one village in Picardy there still exist living specimens of Oriane, Philoxène, Célamire, Arsinoe, Calvandre, all derived from vassals named by their enthusiastic seigneurs in honour of the heroines of the fashionable romances, and still inherited by their posterity long after the seigneurs and the heroines are alike forgotten.

Either from his being mentioned in the Bible, or from the Cyropædia, Cyrus has had some currency as an English baptismal name.[^[23]]

Section II.—Esther.

Khshayarsha, from Kshaya (a king), and arsha (venerable), was the word that was converted in Hebrew into Achashverosh, and in our Bible into Ahasuerus, while the Greeks called it Xerxes. In Illyria people are christened from him Kserksas, and called Sersa, and a few seekers of Scripture names, chiefly in America, have called their sons Ahasuerus, in common life Hazzy.

The reigning wife of Xerxes is known to have been Amestris, the daughter of an Achæmenian noble, and she might well have been Vashti, set aside only for a time when the address of the nobles gained a victory over her. The fair daughter of the tribe of Benjamin, whose royalty ensured her people’s safety, was in her own tongue Hadassah, or the Myrtle; some say, Atossa; but the Persian epithet by which we know her may have been taken from satarah, a word showing the ancient union of the languages, since Aster is Arab and Greek; and from thence and the Latin stella have sprung the modern étoile, estrella, star, stern, stjorna, which the Septuagint gave as Ἑστὴρ, the Romans as Esthera and Hestera; whence the occasional variations in English of Esther or Essie, and Hester or Hetty.

Not till the days of Racine was Esther much in vogue. The tragedian, being requested to write a sacred drama to be acted by the young ladies of St. Cyr, chose this subject in compliment to Madame de Maintenon, as the faultless Esther preferred before the discarded Vashti, namely, Madame de Montespan! Esther thereupon became a favourite lady’s name in France, and vied in popularity with the cumbrous splendours taken from the Scudery cycle of romance. At the same time it was borne by the two ladies who had the misfortune to be the object of Dean Swift’s affection, Esther Johnson and Esther Vanhomrigh, whom he called, one by the Latin name Stella; the other, by the generic title of our finest English butterflies, Vanessa. Estrella was the heroine of a Spanish pastoral, whence the Abbé Florian borrowed his theatrical shepherdess Estelle, which thus became a French name, though chiefly on the stage, and both Estelle and Stella are sometimes used as Epiphany names for girls.

Roschana, as it is now pronounced, is still common in Persia, and means the dawn of day. Roxane and Statire, as rival heroines of Racine, became proverbs in France for the stately or the languishing form of tragedy dame. Roxana, or Roxy, is one of the favourite American grandiloquent style of names.

PART III.

CHAPTER I.
NAMES PROM THE GREEK.

Passing from Persian to Greek names, we feel at once that we are nearer home, and that we claim a nearer kindred in thoughts and habits, if not in blood, with the sons of Javan, than with the fire-worshippers. The national names are thus almost always explicable by the language itself, with a few exceptions, either when the name was an importation from Egypt or Phœnicia, whence many of the earlier arts had been brought.

Each Greek had but one name, which was given to him by his father either on or before the tenth day of his life, when a sacrifice and banquet was held. Genealogies were exceedingly interesting to the Greeks, as the mutual connection of city with city, race with race, was thus kept up, and community of ancestry was regarded as a bond of alliance, attaching the Athenians, for instance, to the Asiatic Ionians as both sons of Ion, or the Spartans to the Syracusans, as likewise descended from Doros. Each individual state had its deified ancestor, and each family of note a hero parent, to whom worship was offered at every feast, and who was supposed still to exert active protection over his votaries. The political rights of the citizens, and the place they occupied in the army, depended on their power of tracing their line from the forefather of a recognized tribe, after whose name the whole were termed with the patronymic termination ides (the son of). This was only, however, a distinction, for surnames were unknown, and each man possessed merely the individual personal appellation by which he was always called, without any title, be his station what it might. Families used, however, to mark themselves by recurring constantly to the same name. It was the correct thing to give the eldest son that of his paternal grandfather, as Kimon, Miltiades, then Kimon again, if the old man were dead, for if he were living it would have been putting another in his place, a bad omen, and therefore a father’s name was hardly ever given to a son. Sometimes, however, the prefix was preserved, and the termination varied, so as to mark the family without destroying the individual identity. Thus, Leonidas, the third son of Anaxandridas, repeated with an augmentative his grandfather’s name of Leo (a lion), as his father, Anaxandridas, did that of his own great grandfather, Anaxandras (king of man), whose son Eurycratidas was named from his grandfather Eurycrates. A like custom prevailed among the old English.

After the Romans had subdued Greece and extended the powers of becoming citizens, the name of the adopting patron would be taken by his client, and thus Latin and Greek titles became mixed together. Later, Greek second names became coined, either from patronymics, places, or events, and finally ran into the ordinary European system of surnames.

Among the names here ensuing will only be found those that concern the history of Christian names. Many a great heart-thrilling sound connected with the brightest lights of the ancient world must be passed by, because it has not pleased the capricious will of after-generations to perpetuate it, or so exceptionally as not to be worth mentioning.

Some of the female Greek names were appropriate words and epithets; but others, perhaps the greater number, were merely men’s names with the feminine termination in a or e, often irrespective of their meaning. Some of these have entirely perished from the lips of men, others have been revived by some enterprising writer in search of a fresh title for a heroine. Such is Corinna (probably from Persephone’s title Κόρη (Koré), a maiden)[maiden)], the Bœotian poetess, who won a wreath of victory at Thebes, and was therefore the example from whom Mdme. de Staël named her brilliant Corinne, followed in her turn by numerous French damsels; and in an Italian chronicle of the early middle ages, the lady whom we have been used to call Rowena, daughter of Henghist, has turned into Corinna; whilst Cora, probably through Lord Byron’s poem, is a favourite in America. Such too is Aspasia (welcome), from the literary fame of its first owner chosen by the taste of the seventeenth century as the title under which to praise the virtues of Lady Elizabeth Hastings. In the Rambler and Spectator days, real or fictitious characters were usually introduced under some classical or pastoral appellation, and ladies corresponded with each other under the soubriquets of nymph, goddess, or heroine, and in virtue of its sound Aspasia was adopted among these. It has even been heard as a Christian name in a cottage. “Her name’s Aspasia, but us calls her Spash.”[^[24]]

[23]. Rawlinson, Herodotus; Malcolm, Persia; Le Beau, Bas Empire; Rollin, Ancient History; Butler, Lives of the Saints; Dunlop, History of Fiction.

[24]. Bishop Thirlwall, Greece; Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities; Lappenberg, Anglo-Saxons.

CHAPTER II.
NAMES FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY.

Section I.

Greek appellations may be divided into various classes; the first, those of the gods and early heroes are derived from languages inexplicable even by the classical Greeks. These were seldom or never given to human beings, though derivatives from them often were.

The second class is of those formed from epithets in the spoken language. These belonged to the Greeks of the historical age, and such as were borne by the Macedonian conquerors became spread throughout the East, thus sometimes falling to the lot of early saints of the Church, and becoming universally popular in Christendom. Of others of merely classic association a few survived among the native Greeks, while others were resuscitated at intervals; first, by the vanity of decaying Rome; next, by the revival of ancient literature in the Cinque-cento; then, by the magniloquent taste of the Scudery romances in France; again, in France, by the republican mania; and, in the present time, by the same taste in America, and by the reminiscences of the modern Greeks.

After the preaching of the Gospel, Greece had vigour enough to compose appropriate baptismal names for the converts; and it is curious to observe that no other country could have ever been so free from the trammels of hereditary nomenclature, for no other has so complete a set of names directly bearing upon Christianity. So graceful are they in sound as well as meaning, and so honoured for those who bore them, that many have spread throughout Europe.

Lastly, even modern Greek has thrown out many names of graceful sound, which are, however, chiefly confined to the Romaic.

Section II.—Names from Zeus.

At the head of the whole Greek system stands the mighty Zeus (Ζεύς), a word that has been erected into a proper name for the thundering father of gods and men, whilst the cognate θεὸς (theos) passed into a generic term; just as at Rome the Deus Pater (God-Father), or Jupiter, from the same source, became the single god, and deus the general designation.

All come from the same source as the Sanscrit Deva, and are connected with the open sky, and the idea of light that has produced our word day. We shall come upon them again and again; but for the present we will confine ourselves to the personal names produced by Zeus, in his individual character, leaving those from Theos to the Christian era, to which most of them belong.

Their regular declension of Zeus made Dios the genitive case; and thus Diodorus, Diogenes, &c., ought, perhaps, to be referred to him; but the more poetical, and, therefore, most probably the older, form, was Zenos in the genitive; and as Dios also meant heaven, the above names seem to be better explained as heaven-gift and heaven-born, leaving to Zeus only those that retain the same commencement.

Ζηνὼν, or, as it is commonly called, Zeno, was a good deal used in Greece throughout the classical times, and descending to Christian times, named a saint martyred under Gallienus, also a bishop of Verona, who left ninety-three sermons, at the beginning of the fourth century, and thus made it a canonical name, although the rules of the Church had forbidden christening children after heathen gods. Except for the Isaurian Emperor Zeno, and an occasional Russian Sinon, there has not, however, been much disposition to use the name.

Zenobios, life from Zeus, is by far the easiest way of explaining the name of the brilliant Queen of Palmyra; but, on the other hand, she was of Arabian birth, the daughter of Amrou, King of Arabia, and it is highly probable that she originally bore the true Arabic name of Zeenab (ornament of the father); and that when she and her husband entered on intercourse with the Romans, the name Zenobia was bestowed upon her as an equivalent, together with the genuine Latin Septima as a mark of citizenship. When her glory waned, and she was brought as a prisoner to Rome, she and her family were allowed to settle in Italy; and her daughters left descendants there. Zenobius, the Bishop of Milan, who succeeded St. Ambrose, bore her name, and claimed her blood; and thus Zenobio and Zenobia still linger among the inhabitants of the city.

The romance of her story caught the French fancy, and Zénobie has been rather in fashion among modern French damsels.

A Cilician brother and sister, called Zenobius and Zenobia, the former a physician and afterwards Bishop of Ægæ, were put to death together during the persecution of Diocletian, and thus became saints of the Eastern Church, making Sinovij, Sinovija, or for short, Zizi, very fashionable among the Russians.

It is much more difficult to account for the prevalence of Zenobia in Cornwall. Yet many parish registers show it as of an early date: and dear to the West is the story of a sturdy dame called Zenobia Brengwenna, (Mrs. Piozzi makes the surname Stevens,) who, on her ninety-ninth birthday, rode seventeen miles on a young colt to restore to the landlord a 99 years' lease that had been granted to her father, in her name, at her birth.

Probably Zenaïda means daughter of Zeus. Although not belonging to any patron saint, it is extensively popular among Russian ladies; and either from them, or from the modern Greek, the French have recently become fond of Zenaïde.[^[25]]

[25]. Smith, Dictionary; Butler, Lives; Gibbon, Rome; Miss Beaufort, Egyptian Sepulchres and Syrian Shrines; Hayward, Mrs. Piozzi.

Section III.—Ἡρα—Hera.

The name of the white-armed, ox-eyed queen of heaven, Ἡρα or Ἡρη (Hera or Heré), is derived by philologists from the same root as the familiar German herr and herrinn, and thus signifies the lady or mistress. Indeed the masculine form ἥρως, whence we take our hero, originally meant a free or noble man, just as herr does in ancient German, and came gradually to mean a person distinguished on any account, principally in arms; and thence it became technically applied to the noble ancestors who occupied an intermediate place between the gods and existing men. The Latin herus and hera are cognate, and never rose out of their plain original sense of master and mistress, though the heros was imported in his grander sense from the Greek, and has passed on to us.

It is curious that whereas the wife of Zeus was simply the lady, it was exactly the same with Frigga, who, as we shall by-and-by see, was merely the Frau—the free woman or lady.

Hera herself does not seem to have had many persons directly named after her, though there was plenty from the root of her name. The feminine Hero was probably thus derived,—belonging first to one of the Danaïdes, then to a daughter of Priam, then to the maiden whose light led Leander to his perilous breasting of the Hellespont, and from whom Shakespeare probably took it for the lady apparently “done to death by slanderous tongues.”

It is usual to explain as Ἡρα-κλῆς (fame of Hera) the name of the son of Zeus and Alcmena, whose bitterest foe Hera was, according to the current legends of Greece; but noble fame is a far more probable origin for Herakles, compound as he is of the oft-repeated Sun-myth mixed with the veritable Samson, and the horrible Phœnician Melkarth or Moloch, with whom the Tyrians themselves identified Herakles.

A few compounds, such as Heraclius, Heraclidas, Heracleonas, have been formed from Herakles, the hero ancestor of the Spartan kings, and therefore specially venerated in Lacedæmon. The Latins called the name Hercules; and it was revived in the Cinque-cento, in Italy, as Ercole. Thus Hercule was originally the baptismal name of Catherine de Medici’s youngest son; but he changed it to François at his confirmation, when hoping to mount a throne. Exceptionally, Hercules occurs in England; and we have known of more than one old villager called Arkles, respecting whom there was always a doubt whether he were Hercules or Archelaus.

Hence, too, the name of the father of history, Herodotus (noble gift); hence, likewise, that of Herodes. Some derive this last from the Arab hareth (a farmer); but it certainly was a Greek name long before the Idumean family raised themselves to the throne of Judea, since a poet was so called who lived about the time of Cyrus. If the Herods were real Edomites, they may have Græcized Hareth into Herodes; but it is further alleged that the first Herod, grandfather of the first king, was a slave, attached to the temple of Apollo at Ascalon, taken captive by Idumean robbers. Hateful as is the name in its associations, its feminine, Herodias, became doubly hateful as the murderess of John the Baptist.

Section IV.—Athene.

The noble goddess of wisdom, pure and thoughtful, armed against evil, and ever the protector of all that was thoughtfully brave and resolute, was called Αθήνη (Athene), too anciently for the etymology to be discernible, or even whether her city of Athens was called from her, or she from the city.

Many an ancient Greek was called in honour of her, but the only one of these names that has to any degree survived is Athenaïs.

There were some Cappadocian queens, so called; and so likewise was the daughter of a heathen philosopher in the fourth century, whom the able Princess Pulcheria selected as the wife of her brother Theodosius, altering her name, however, to Eudocia at her baptism.

It must have been the Scudery cycle of romance that occasioned Athenaïs to have been given to that Demoiselle de Mortémar, who was afterwards better known as Madame de Montespan.

Athenaios (Athenian), Athenagoras (assembly of Athene), Athenadgoros (gift of Athene), were all common among the Greeks.

Athene’s surname of Pallas is derived by Plato from πάλλειν, to brandish, because of her brandished spear; but it is more likely to be from πάλλαξ (a virgin), which would answer to her other surname of παρθένος, likewise a virgin, familiar to us for the sake of the most beautiful of all heathen remains, the Parthenon, as well as the ancient name of Naples, Parthenope. This, however, was a female name in Greece, and numerous instances of persons called Parthenios and Palladios attest the general devotion to this goddess, perhaps the grandest of all the imaginings of the Indo-European.

There is something absolutely satisfactory in seeing how much more the loftier and purer deities, Athene, Apollo, Artemis, reigned over Greek nomenclature than the embodiments of brute force and sensual pleasure, Ares and Aphrodite, both probably introductions from the passionate Asiatics, and as we see in Homer, entirely on the Trojan side. An occasional Aretas and Arete are the chief recorded namesakes of Ares, presiding god of the Areopagus as he was; and thence may have come the Italian Aretino, and an Areta, who appears in Cornwall. Aphrodite seems to have hardly one derived from her name, which is explained as the Foam Sprung.[^[26]]

[26]. Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology; Le Beau, Bas Empire; Gladstone, Homer.

Section V.—Apollo and Artemis.

The brother and sister deities, twin children of Zeus and Leto, are, with the exception of Athene, the purest and brightest creations of Greek mythology.

The sister’s name, Artemis, certainly meant the sound, whole, or vigorous; that of the brother, Apollōn, is not so certainly explained; though Æschylus considered it to come from ἀπόλλυμι, to destroy.

They both of them had many votaries in Greece; such names as Apollodorus (gift of Apollo), Apollonius, and the like, arising in plenty, but none of them have continued into Christian times, though Apollos was a companion of St. Paul. The sole exception is Apollonia, an Alexandrian maiden, whose martyrdom began by the extraction of all her teeth, thus establishing St. Apolline, as the French call her, as the favourite subject of invocation in the toothache. Abellona, the Danish form of this name, is a great favourite in Jutland and the isles, probably from some relic of the toothless maiden. The Slovaks use it as Polonija or Polona.

The votaries of Artemis did not leave a saint to perpetuate them; but Artemisia, the brave queen of Halicarnassus, had a name of sufficient stateliness to delight the précieuses. Thus Artémise was almost as useful in French romances as the still more magnificent[magnificent] Artémidore, the French version of Artemidorus (gift of Artemis).

It was a late fancy of mythology, when all was becoming confused, that made Apollo and Artemis into the sun and moon deities, partly in consequence of their epithets Phœbus, Phœbe, from φάω (to shine). The original Phœbe seems to have belonged to some elder myth, for she is said to have been daughter of Heaven and Earth, and to have been the original owner of the Delphic oracle. Afterwards she was said to have been the mother of Leto (the obscure), and thus grandmother of Apollo and Artemis, who thence took their epithet. This was probably a myth of the alternation of light and darkness; but as we have received our notions of Greek mythology through the dull Roman medium, it is almost impossible to disentangle our idea of Phœbus from the sun, or of Phœbe from the crescent moon. In like manner the exclusively modern Greek φωτεινή (bright), Photinee, comes from φώς phos (light), as does Photius, used in Russia as Fotie.

Strangely enough, we find Phœbus among the mediæval Counts of Foix, who, on the French side of their little Pyrenean county were Gaston Phœbus; on the Spanish, Gastone Febo. Some say that Phœbus was originally a soubriquet applied to one of the family on account of his personal beauty, though it certainly was afterwards given at baptism; others, that it was an imitation of an old Basque name.

Phœbe was a good deal in use among the women of Greek birth in the early Roman empire; and “Phœbe, our sister,” the deaconess[deaconess] of Cenchrea, is commended by St. Paul to the Romans; but she has had few namesakes, except in England; the Italian Febe only being used as a synonym for the moon.

Cynthia was a title belonging to Artemis, from Mount Cynthus, and has thence become a title of the moon, and a name of girls in America.

Delia, another title coming from Delos, the place of her nativity, has been preferred by the Arcadian taste, and flourished in shepherdess poems, so as to be occasionally used as a name in England, but more often as a contraction for Cordelia.

Delphinios and Delphinia were both of them epithets of Apollo and Artemis, of course from the shrine at Delphi. Some say that shrine and god were so called because the serpent Python was named Delphinè; others, that the epithet was derived from his having metamorphosed himself into a dolphin, or else ridden upon one, when showing the Cretan colonists the way to Delphi.

The meaning of Delphys adelphus is the womb; and thus the Greeks believed Delphi to be the centre of the earth, just as the mediæval Christians thought Jerusalem was. It is from this word that delphis (a brother) is derived, and from one no doubt of the same root, that was first a mass, and afterwards a dolphin, the similarity of sound accounting for the confusion of derivatives from the temple and the fish. Again, the dolphin is said to be so called as being the fish of the Dolphièm god.

It was probably as an attribute of the god that Delphinos was used as a name by the Greeks; and it makes its first appearance in Christian times in two regions under Greek influence, namely, Venice and Southern France, which latter place was much beholden for civilization to the Greek colony of Massilia. Dolfino has always prevailed in the Republic of St. Mark; and Delphinus was a sainted bishop of Bourdeaux, in the fourth century, from whom many, both male and female, took the name, which to them was connected with the fish of Jonah, the emblem of the Resurrection.

In 1125, Delfine, heiress of Albon, married Guiges, Count of Viennois. She was his third wife; and to distinguish her son from the rest of the family, he was either called or christened, Guiges Delphin, and assumed the dolphin as his badge, whence badge and title passed to his descendants, the Counts Dauphins de Viennois. The last of these left his country and title to Charles, son of King Jean of France; and thence the heir-apparent was called the Dauphin.

Dalphin appears at Cambrai before 1200; and Delphine de Glandèves, sharing the saintly honours of her husband, Count Elzéar de St. Sabran, became the patroness of the many young ladies in compliment to la dauphine.

It is startling to meet with ‘Dolphin’ as a daughter of the unfortunate Waltheof, Earl of Mercia; but unless her mother, Judith, imported the French Delphine, it is probable that it is a mistake for one of the many forms of the Frank, Adel, which was displacing its congener the native Æthel. Indeed, Dolfine, which is very common among German girls now, is avowedly the contraction of Adolfine, their feminine for Adolf (noble wolf).

Section VI.—Hele.

The sun-god who drove his flaming chariot around the heavenly vault day by day, and whose eye beheld everything throughout the earth, was in Homer’s time an entirely different personage from the “far darting Apollo,” with whom, thanks to the Romans, we confound him.

Helios was his name, a word from the root elé (light), the same that has furnished the Teutonic adjective hell (bright or clear), and that is met again in the Keltic heol (the sun).

This root ele (heat or light) is found again in the Greek name of the moon, Sēēlēnē once a separate goddess from Artemis. One of the Cleopatras was called Selene; but it does not appear that this was used again as a name till in the last century, when Selina was adopted in England, probably by mistake, for the French Céline, and belonged to the Wesleyan Countess of Huntingdon.

From ēlē again sprang the name most of all noted among Greeks, the fatal name of Ἑλένε, Helene, the feminine of Helenos (the light or bright), though Æschylus, playing on the word, made it ἑλένας (the ship-destroying).

“Wherefore else this fatal name,

That Helen and destruction are the same.”

A woman may be a proverb for any amount of evil or misfortune, but as long as she is also a proverb for beauty, her name will be copied, and Helena never died away in Greece, and latterly was copied by Roman ladies when they first became capable of a little variety.

At last it was borne by the lady who was the wife of Constantius Chlorus, the mother of Constantine, and the restorer of the shrines at Jerusalem. St. Helena, holding the true cross, was thenceforth revered by East and West. Bithynia on the one hand, Britain on the other, laid claim to have been her birth-place, and though it is unfortunately most likely that the former country is right, and that she can hardly be the daughter of “Old King Cole,” yet it is certain that the ancient Britons held her in high honour. Eglwys Ilan, the Church of Helen, still exists in Wales, and the insular Kelts have always made great use of her name. Ellin recurs in old Welsh pedigrees from the Empress’s time. Elayne is really the old Cambrian form occurring in registers from early times, and thus explaining the gentle lady Elayne, the mother of Sir Galahad, whom Tennyson has lately identified with his own spinning Lady of Shalott. Helen, unfortunately generally pronounced Ellen, was used from the first in Scotland; Eileen or Aileen in Ireland.

Nor are these Keltic Ellens the only offspring of the name. Elena in Italy, it assumed the form of Aliénor among the Romanesque populations of Provence, who, though speaking a Latin tongue, greatly altered and disguised the words. Indeed there are some who derive this name from έλεος (pity), but there is much greater reason to suppose it another variety of Helena, not more changed than many other Provençal names. Aliénor in the land of troubadours received all the homage that the Languedoc could pay, and one Aliénor at least was entirely spoilt by it, namely, she who was called Eléonore by the French king who had the misfortune to marry her, and who became in time on English lips our grim Eleanor of the dagger and the bowl, the hateful Aquitainian[Aquitainian] grandmother, who bandies words with Constance of Brittany in King John. Her daughter, a person of far different nature, carried her name to Castille, where, the language being always disposed to cut off a commencing e, she was known as Leonor, and left hosts of namesakes. Her descendant, the daughter of San Fernando, brought the name back to England, and, as our “good Queen Eleanor,” did much to redeem its honour, which the levity of her mother-in-law, the Provençal Aliénor of Henry III., had greatly prejudiced. Eleanor continued to be a royal name as long as the Plantagenets were on the throne, and thus was widely used among the nobility, and afterwards by all ranks, when of course it lost its proper spelling and was turned into Ellinor and Elinor, still, however, owning its place in song and story. Annora, frequent in Northern England, was the contraction of Eleanora, and was further contracted into Annot. Also Ellen was Lina, or Linot.

Greek.	Latin.	English.	Scotch.
Ἑλένη	Helena	Helena	Helen
		Helen	Ellen
		Elaine
		Ellen
Ἑλένἰσκη		Eleanor
		Elinor
		Nelly
Ἑλεναιαι		Leonora
		Annora
		Annot
		Lina
		Linot
Irish.	German.	Italian.	Spanish.
Helena	Helène	Elena	Helena

Eileen	Eleonore	Eleonora

Nelly	Lenore	Leonora	Leon
Russian.	Polish.	Slavonic.	Servian.
Jelena	Helena	Jelena	Jelena
	Helenka	Jela	Jela
		Jelena	Jelika
		Jela
		Jelika
		Lenka
		Lencica
Lett.	Esthonian.	Ung.	Albanian.
Lena	Leno	Ilona
		Ljena
		Lenia

Meantime the Arragonese conquests in Italy had brought Leonora thither as a new name independent of Elena, and it took strong root there, still preserving its poetic fame in the person of the lovely Leonora d'Este, the object of Tasso’s hopeless affection. To France again it came with the Galigai, the Maréchale d'Ancre, the author of the famous saying about the power of a strong mind over a weak one; and unpopular as she was, Léonore has ever since been recognized in French nomenclature, and it went to Germany as Lenore.

The Greek Church was constant to the memory of the Empress, mother of the founder of Constantinople, and Helena has always been frequent there. And when the royal widow Olga came from Muscovy to seek instruction and baptism, she was called Helena, which has thus become one of the popular Russian names. It is sometimes supposed to be a translation of Olga, but this is a mistake founded on the fact that this lady, and another royal saint, were called by both names. Olga is, in fact, the feminine of Oleg (the Russian form of Helgi), which the race of Rurik had derived from their Norse ancestor, and it thus means holy.

Sweden also has a Saint Helene, who made a pilgrimage to Rome, and was put to death on her return by her cruel relations in 1160. Her relics were preserved in Zealand, near Copenhagen, making Ellin a favourite name among Danish damsels.

Helena has a perplexing double pronunciation in English, the central syllable being made long or short according to the tradition of the families where it is used. The Greek letter was certainly the short e, but it is believed that though the quantity of the syllable was short, the accent was upon it, and that the traditional sound of it survives in the name of the island which we learnt from the Portuguese.

Section VII.—Demeter.

Among the elder deities in whom the primitive notion of homage to the Giver of all Good was lost and dispersed, was the beneficent mother Demeter (Δημητήρ). Some derive the first syllable of this name from γῆ (the earth), others from the Cretan δήαι (barley), making it either earth mother, or barley mother; but the idea of motherhood is always an essential part of this bounteous goddess, the materializing of the productive power of the earth, “filling our hearts with food and gladness.”

Formerly Demeter had numerous votaries, especially among the Macedonians, who were the greatest name-spreaders among the Greeks, and used it in all the “four horns” of their divided empire. It occurs in the Acts, as the silversmith of Ephesus, who stirred up the tumult against St. Paul, and another Demetrius is commended by St. John. The Latin Church has no saint so called; but the Greek had a Cretan monk of the fourteenth century, who was a great ecclesiastical author; and a Demetrios, who is reckoned as the second great saint of Thessalonika. Hence Demetrios is one of the most popular of names in all the Eastern Church, and the countries that have ever been influenced by it; among whom must be reckoned the Venetian dominions which considered themselves to belong to the old Byzantine empire till they were able to stand alone. Dimitri has always been a great name in Russia. The Slavonian nations give it the contraction Mitar, and the feminine Dimitra or Mitra. The modern Greek contraction is Demos.

In some parts of Greece, Demeter was worshipped primarily as the gloomy winterly earth, latterly as the humanized goddess clad in black, in mourning for her daughter, whence she was adored as Melaina. Whether from this title of the goddess or simply a dark complexion, there arose the female name of Melania, which belonged to two Roman ladies, grandmother and granddaughter, who were among the many who were devoted to the monastic Saint Jerome, and derived an odour of sanctity from his record of their piety. Though not placed in the Roman calendar, they are considered as saints, and the French Mélanie and the old Cornish Melony are derived from them.

On the contrary, her summer epithet was Chloe, the verdant, as protectress of green fields, and Chloe seems to have been used by the Greeks, as a Corinthian woman so called is mentioned by St. Paul, and has furnished a few scriptural Chloes in England. In general, however, Chloe has been a property of pastoral poetry, and has thence descended to negroes and spaniels.[^[27]]

[27]. Smith, Dictionary; Keightley’s Mythology; Montalembert, Monks of the West; Michaelis.

Section VIII.—Dionysos.

The god of wine and revelry appears to have been adopted into Greek worship at a later period than the higher divinities embodying loftier ideas. So wild and discordant are the legends respecting him, that it is probable that in the Bacchus, or Dionysos, whom the historical Greeks adored, several myths are united; the leading ones being, on the one hand, the naturalistic deity of the vine; on the other, some dimly remembered conqueror.

Dionysos has never been satisfactorily explained, though the most obvious conclusion is that it means the god of Nysa—a mountain where he was nursed by nymphs in a cave. Others make his mother Dione one of the original mythic ideas of a divine creature, the daughter of Heaven and Earth, and afterwards supposed to be the mother of Aphrodite.

Names given in honour of Dionysos were very common in Greece, and especially in the colony of Sicily, where Dion was also in use. Dionysios, the tyrant, seemed only to make the name more universally known, and most of the tales of tyranny clustered round him—such as the story of his ear, of the sword of Damocles, and the devotion of Damon and Pythias.

In the time of the Apostles, Dionysius was very frequent, and gave the name of the Areopagite mentioned by St. Paul, of several more early saints, and of a bishop who, in 272, was sent to convert the Gauls, and was martyred near Paris. The Abbey erected on the spot where he died was placed under the special protection of the Counts of Paris; and when they dethroned the sons of Charlemagne and became kings of France, St. Denys, as they called their saint, became the patron of the country; the banner of the convent, the Oriflamme, was unfurled in their national wars, and Mont joie St. Denys was their war-cry. St. Denys of France was invoked, together with St. Michael, in knighting their young men; and St. Denys of France was received as one of the Seven Champions of Christendom.

The Sicilians, having a certain confusion in their minds between the champion and the tyrant of Syracuse, have taken San Dionigi for their patron; he is also in high favour in Portugal as Diniz, and in Spain as Dionis. Denis is a very frequent Irish name, as a substitute for Donogh; and, to judge by the number of the surnames, Dennis, Denison, and Tennyson or Tenison, it would seem to have been more common in England than at present. The Russians have Dionissij; the Bohemians, Diwis; the Slavonians, Tennis; the Hungarians, Dienes. The feminine is the French Denise; English, Dionisia, Donnet, Dennet or Diot, which seem to have been at one time very common in England.[^[28]]

[28]. Liddell and Scott, Keightley, Michaelis, Smith.

Section IX.—Hermes.

The origin is lost of the name of Hermes, the swift, eloquent, and cunning messenger of Zeus; but it is supposed to come from hĕra (the earth), and was called Hermas, Hermes, or Hermeias.

A long catalogue of Greeks might be given bearing names derived from him; and it was correctly that Shakespeare called his Athenian maiden Hermia.

Hermas is mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans, and is thought to be the same with the very early Christian author of the allegory of The Shepherd, but his name has not been followed.

Hermione was, in ancient legend, the wife of Cadmus, the founder of Thebes, and shared his metamorphosis into a serpent. Afterwards, another Hermione was the daughter of Helen and Menelaus, and, at first, wife of Neoptolemus, though afterwards of Orestes, the heroine of a tragedy of Euripides, where she appears in the unpleasant light of the jealous persecutor of the enslaved Andromache.

Hermione is generally supposed to be the same as the Italian Erminia and the French Hermine; but these are both remains of the Herminian gens, and are therefore Latin.

Hermocrates, Hermagoras, Hermogenes, every compound of this god’s name prevailed in Greece; but the only one that has passed on to Christianity is Hermolaos (people of Hermes), a name that gave a saint to the Greek Church, and is perpetuated in Russia as Ermolaï.[^[29]]

Descending from the greater deities of Olympus, we must touch upon the Muses, though not many instances occur of the use of their names. Μοῦσαι (Mousai), their collective title, is supposed to come from μάω (mao), to invent; it furnished the term mousikos, for songs and poetry, whence the Latin musa, musicus, and all the forms in modern language in which we speak of music and its professors.

Musidora (gift of the Muses) was one of the fashionable poetical soubriquets of the last century, and as such figures in Thomson’s Seasons.

As to the individual names, they have scarcely any owners except Polymnia, she of many hymns, whose modern representative, Polyhymnia, lies buried in a churchyard on Dartmoor, and startles us by her headstone. The West Indian negresses, sporting the titles of the ships of war, however, come out occasionally as Miss Calliope, Miss Euterpe, &c.

The only Muse who has left namesakes is hardly a fair specimen; for Urania (the heavenly), her epithet, as the presiding genius of astronomers, is itself formed from one of the pristine divinities of Greece, himself probably named from heaven itself, of which he was the personification. Οὐρανός (Ouranos), Uranus, is in Greek both the sky and the first father of all. The word is probably derived from the root or, which we find in ὄρος (a mountain), and ὄρνυμι[ὄρνυμι] (to raise), just as our heaven comes from to heave.

Uranius was not uncommon among the later Greeks, especially in Christian names; a Gaulish author was so called, and it was left by the Romans as a legacy to the British. It makes its appearance among the Welsh as Urien, a somewhat common name at one time. “Brave Urien sleeps upon his craggy bed;” but Camden, or some one else before him, thought proper to identify it with George, which has led to its decay and oblivion.

Urania was revived in the days of euphuistic taste, when Sir Philip Sidney called himself Sidrophel, and the object of his admiration, Urania; it became a favourite poetic title both in England and France, and in process of time, a family name.

Θάλεια (Thaleia), though both Muse of Comedy, and one of the Three Graces, and signifying bloom, has not obtained any namesakes, though both her sister Graces have.

These nymphs were the multiplied personifications of Χάρις (Charis) grace, beauty, or charity. The Greeks were not unanimous as to the names or numbers of the Charites; the Athenians and Spartans adored only two, and the three usually recognized were defined by Hesiod. Thalia (bloom), Aglaia (brightness), Euphrosyne (mirth, cheerfulness, or festivity).

It has been almost exclusively by Greeks that the name has been borne; it was a great favourite among the Romaic Greeks, figuring again and again amongst the Porphyrogenitai, and to this present day it is common among the damsels of the Ionian Isles. I have seen it marked on a school-child’s sampler in its own Greek letters. In common life it is called Phroso. In Russia it is Jefronissa.

The other Grace, Aglaia, comes to light in Christian legend, as the name of a rich and abandoned lady at Rome, who, hearing of the value that was set on the relics of saints, fancied them as a kind of roc’s egg to complete the curiosities of her establishment, and sent Boniface, both her steward and her lover, to the East to procure some for her. He asked in jest whether, if his bones came home to her, she would accept them as relics; and she replied in the same spirit, little dreaming that at Tarsus he would indeed become a Christian and a martyr, and his bones be truly sent back to Rome, where Aglaia received them, became a penitent, took the veil, and earned the saintly honours that have ever since been paid to her. It is unfortunate for the credibility of this story that the date assigned to it is between 209 and 305, a wide space indeed, but one in which relic worship had not begun, and even if it had, the bones of martyrs must have been only too plentiful much nearer home. However, the French have taken up the name of Aglaë, and make great use of it.

A few ancient Greeks had names compounded of Charis, such as Charinus, and Charilaus, the nephew of Lycurgus; but it was reserved for Christianity to give the word its higher sense. Charis, through the Latin caritas, grew to be the Christian’s Charity, the highest of the three Graces: Faith, Hope, Love, that had taken the place of Bloom, Mirth, and Brightness. And thus it was that, after the Reformation, Charity, contracted into Cherry, became an English Christian name, perhaps in remembrance of the fair and goodly Charity of the House Beautiful, herself a reflex of the lovely and motherly Charissa, to whom Una conducted the Red Cross Knight. Chariton, Kharitoon, in Russian, is a name in the Greek Church, from a confessor of Sirmium, who under Aurelius was flogged with ox-hides and imprisoned, but was liberated on the Emperor’s death, and made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

Perhaps this is the place, among these minor mythological personages, to mention that Zephyr (the West wind) has absolutely a whole family of name-children in France, where Zephirine has been greatly the fashion of late years.[^[30]]

[29]. Keightley’s Mythology; Cave’s Lives of the Fathers; Smith, Dictionary; Potter’s Euripides.

[30]. Smith, Dictionary; Keightley, Mythology; Montalembert.

Section X.—Heroic Names.

Not very many of the heroic names—glorious in poetry—have passed on; but we will select a few of those connected with the siege of Troy, and handed on upon that account. Mostly they were not easy of comprehension even to the Greeks themselves, and were not much copied among them, perhaps from a sense of reverence. It was only in the times of decay, and when the recollection of the fitness of things was lost, that men tried to cover their own littleness with the high-sounding names of their ancestors. Moreover, by that time, Greek associations were at a discount. Rome professed to descend from Troy, not from Greece; and, after her example, modern nations have tried to trace themselves back to the Trojan fugitives—the Britons to Brut, the French to Francus, &c.—and thus Trojan names have been more in vogue than Greek. However, be it observed that the Trojan names are Greek in origin. The Trojans were of Pelasgic blood, as well as most of their opponents; but they were enervated by residence in Asia, while the superior race of Hellenes had renovated their Greek relatives; making just the difference that the Norman Conquest did to the English Saxon in opposition to his Frisian brother.

One of these inexplicable names was borne by Ἀχιλλεύς (Achilleus), the prime glory of Homer and of the Trojan war. The late Greek traditions said that his first name had been Ligyron, or the whining, but that he was afterwards called Achilles, from Α privative and χέιλη (cheile), lip; because he was fed in his infancy on nothing but lions' hearts and bears' marrow. This legend, however, looks much as if the true meaning of the word had been forgotten, and this was a forgery to account for it. However this may be, modern Greece and France alone repeat the name, and it is much disguised by the French pronunciation of Achille. A martyr in Dauphiné was called Achilles; and an Achilla appears, as a lady, early in the Visconti pedigree.

Gallant Hector, who, perhaps, is the most endearing of all the Trojan heroes, from the perfection of his character in tenderness, devotion, and courage, and the beautiful poetry of his parting with his wife and son, bore a name that is an attribute of Zeus, Ἕκτωρ (holding fast), i. e., defending, from Ἕχω (hecho), to have or to hold—a word well-befitting the resolute mainstay of a falling cause.

Italy, where the descent from the Trojans was early credited and not, perhaps, impossible, is the only country where his name has been genuinely imitated, under the form of Ettore. The Hector of Norway is but an imitation of the old Norse Hagtar (hawk of Thor), and the very frequent Hector of Scotland is the travestie of the Gaelic Eachan (a horseman). In like manner the Gaelic Aonghas (excellent valour) and the Welsh Einiawn (the just), are both translated into Æneas; indeed it is possible that the early Welsh Saint, Einiawn, may indeed have been an Æneas; for, in compliment to the supposed descent of the Julii from Æneas, this name is very common in the latter times of the empire: it appears in the book of Acts, and belonged to several writers. Latterly, in the beginning of the classical taste of Italy, the name of Enea Silvio was given to that Piccolomini who afterwards became a pope. This form is in honour of that son of Æneas and Lavinia who was said to have been born in a wood after his father’s death. A son of the Earl of Hereford was called Æneas (temp. Ed. III).

The pious Æneas owes his modern fame to Virgil. In the time of Homer, even his goddess-mother had not raised him into anything like the first rank of the heroes who fought before Troy. His name in the original is Αἰνείας (Aineias), and probably comes from αἰυέο (aineo), to praise.

The poem that no doubt suggested the Æneid, the Homeric story of the Greek wanderer, contains some of those elements that so wonderfully show the kindred of far distant nations. We are content to call this wonderful poem by something approaching to its Greek title, though we are pleased to term the hero by the Latin travestie of his name—Ulysses, the consequence, it is supposed, of some transcriber having mistaken between the letters Δ and Λ. The Romans, likewise, sometimes called him Ulixes; the Greek σσ and ξ being, by some, considered as the same letter. Οδυσσεύς (Odysseus), his true name, is traced to the root δυς (dys), hate, the Sanscrit dvish, and from the same source as the Latin odio. Italians talked of Uliseo, and Fenelon taught the French to honour his favourite hero as le fils du grand Ulisse; but the only place where the name is now used is Ireland, probably as a classicalism for the Danish legacy of Ulick—Hugleik, or mind reward. The Irish Finnghuala (white shoulders) was not content with the gentle native softenings of her name into Fenella and Nuala, but must needs translate herself into Penelope; and it is to this that we owe the numerous Penelopes of England, down from the Irish Penelope Devereux, with whom is connected the one shade on Sidney’s character, to the Pen and Penny so frequent in many families.

The faithful queen of Ithaca was probably named Πηνελόπη, or Πηνελόπεια, from her diligence over the loom, since πήνη (pēnē) is thread on the bobbin, πηνίζομαι is to wind it off; but a later legend declared that she had been exposed as an infant, and owed her life to being fed by a kind of duck called πηνέλοψ (penelops), after which she was therefore called. This has since been made the scientific name of the turkey, and translators of Christian names have generally set Penelope down as a turkey-hen, in oblivion that this bird, the D'Inde of France, the Wälsche Hahn of Germany, always in its name attesting its foreign origin, came from America 3000 years after the queen of Ithaca wove and unwove beneath her midnight lamp.

Her son Telemachus (distant battle) had one notable namesake in the devoted hermit who for ever ended the savage fights of the amphitheatre; but, though Télémaque was a triumph of genius and tender religious feeling in spite of bad pseudo-classical taste, has not been again repeated.

Cassandra appears in Essex in 1560, and named the sister of Jane Austen.

CHAPTER III.
NAMES FROM ANIMALS, ETC.

Section I.—The Lion.

Much of the spirit of the nation is to be traced in the animals whence their names are derived. The Jew, whose temper, except when thoroughly roused, was peaceful and gentle, had hardly any save the names of the milder and more useful creatures: the ewe, the lamb, the bee, the fawn, &c. The Indo-European races, on the other hand, have the more brave and spirited animals, many of them running through the entire family of nations thus derived, and very possibly connected with that ‘beast epic,’ as Mr. Dasent calls it, which crops out everywhere; in the East, in apologues and fables; and towards the West, in ‘mahrchen,’ according to the expressive German term. It is just as if in the infancy of the world, there was the same living sympathy with the animal creation that we see in a young child, and that the creatures had at one time appeared to man to have an individual character, rank, and history of their own, explained by myths, in which these beings are the actors and speakers, and assumed a meaning divine, symbolic, didactic, or simply grotesque, according to the subsequent development of the peoples by whom they were handed down.

The lion is one of these universal animals, testifying how long dim memories of the home in Asia must have clung to the distant wanderers.

Leon, or Leo, was early a favourite name among the Greeks; and Herodotus thinks, on account of its meaning, that the captive Leo was the first victim of the Persians. It passed on in unceasing succession through Greeks of all ranks till it came to Byzantine emperors and Roman bishops. Two popes, to whom Rome owed the deepest debt of gratitude—to the one, for interceding with Attila; to the other, for turning away the wrath of the Saracens—were both called Leo, and it thus became a favourite on the papal throne, and was considered to allude to the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, which was therefore sculptured on St. Peter’s, in the time of the Medicean Leo X.

Leone, and Léon, and Léonie have continued in use in France and Italy. The word has been much compounded from the earlier Greek times, Leontius, Leontia, whence the modern French Léonce. The name Leonidas, the glorious self-devoted Spartan, after entire desuetude, has been revived in Greece and America.

The Romanized Britons adopted the Lion name, which amongst them became Llew, the Lot of the romances of the Round Table. Here likewise figured the gallant Sir Lionel, from whom Edward III., in chivalrous mood, named his third son, the ancestor of the House of York. An unfortunate young Dane, to whom the Dutch republic stood sponsor, received the name of Leo Belgicus. The Slavonic forms are Lev, Lav, and Lew, which, among the swarms of Jews in Poland, have become a good deal confounded with their hereditary Levi.

Leandros, Leander, as we call it, means lion-man. Besides the unfortunate swimming lover whose exploit Byron imitated and Turner painted, it belonged to a sainted bishop of Seville, who, in 590, effected the transition of the Spanish Visigoths from Arianism to orthodoxy. Very likely his name was only a classicalizing of one of the many Gothic names from leut (the people), which are often confused with those from the lion; but Leandro passed on as a Christian name in Spain and Italy.

The name Leocadia, a Spanish maiden martyred by the Moors, had probably some connection with a lion; but it cannot be traced in the corrupted state of the language. Léocadie has travelled into France.

The Slavonians have Lavoslav (lion-glory), which they make the equivalent of the Teutonic Liutpold or Leopold, really meaning the people’s prince.

Löwenhard (the stern lion, or lion strong), was a Frank noble, who was converted at the same time as his sovereign, Clovis, and became a hermit near Limoges. Many miracles were imputed to him, and St. Leonard became a peculiarly popular saint both in France and England. Leonard is a favourite name in France; and has some popularity in England, chiefly, it is said, in the north, and in the Isle of Wight. Lionardo is Italian, witness Lionardo da Vinci; and, according to Gil Blas, Leonarda is a Spanish feminine; Germany has in surnames Lenhardt, Lehnart, Leinhardt, Lowen; Italy invented the formidable Christian name, Brancalleone (Brachium leonis), or arm of a lion; and Bavaria has Lowenclo (lion-claw).

English.	French.	German.	Swiss.	Italian.
Leonard	Léonard	Leonhard	Liert	Lionardo
	Leunairs	Lienhard	Liertli
	Launart	Lienl	Lienzel

Section II.—The Horse.

The horse is as great a favourite as the lion, and is prominent in many a myth from the Caspian to the Frozen Ocean. His name in Sanscrit açva, in Zendish esp or asp, comes forth in the Greek ἵππος or ἵkkoς, showing its identity with the Latin equus, the Gaelic each, and it may be with the Teutonic hengst.

Among these various races it is the Persian, the Greek, and the Gael who have chiefly used the term for this noble animal in their nomenclature.

The Persian feminine Damaspia is said exactly to answer to the Greek Hippodameia, the female of Hippodamus (horse-tamer), and Hippos forms part of far too many Greek names to be here enumerated, except where they have become popular elsewhere.

One would have imagined that Hippos and λύω (to destroy) must have suggested the name of Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, who was destroyed by his own horse, terrified by a sea monster; but, on the other hand, he appears to have been named after his mother Hippolita, the beautiful queen of the Amazons, whom Shakespeare has shown us hunting in his wondrous Attic forest. However this may be, Hippolytus has many namesakes; among them an early Christian writer, and also a priest at Rome, who in the year 252 was condemned by the persecuting judge to die the death his name suggested. The Christians buried him in a catacomb, which bears his name. Sant’Ippolito became a parish church at Rome, and of course gave a title to one of the cardinals, and Ippolito and Ippolita have always been fashionable Italian names. He was also the patron of horsemen and horses, and the latter were solemnly blessed in his name. Xanthippe’s name is feminine of Xanthippus (a yellow horse!) What a pity it was not a grey one!

The Persian Aspamitras (horse-lover) exactly corresponds to the Greek Φίλιππoς (loving horses). Thus were named many obscure kings of Macedon, before that sagacious prince who prepared the future glories of his son by disciplining his army, and crushing Greece in spite of those indignant orations of Demosthenes, which have made Philippics the generic term for vehement individual censure.

Macedon, by colonizing the East, spread Philippos over it, and thus was named the apostle of Bethsaida, and likewise one of the deacons, chosen for his ‘Grecian’ connections.

The apostle was martyred at Hierapolis; nevertheless an arm of his, according to the Bollandists, was brought to Florence from Constantinople, in 1205, and made Filippo, Filippa, Lippo, Pippo, Pippa, great favourites in Northern Italy.

Greece and her dependent churches always used the name of Philip, or Feeleep, as they call it in Russia; and it was the eldest son of the Muscovite Anne, Queen of Henri I., who was the first Philippe to wear the crown of France. He transmitted his name to five more kings, and to princes innumerable, of whom one became Duke of Burgundy. His descendant, the half Flemish, half Austrian Philippe the handsome, married Juana la Loca of Castille and Aragon, and their grandson was known as Felipe II. in Spain. During his brief and ill-omened stay in England, he was godfather to Philip Sidney, whose name commemorated the gratitude of his mother to the King Consort for having interceded for the life of [his] father the Duke of Northumberland.

Philip, in both genders, was, however, already common in England. Queen Philippe, as she called herself, our admirable Hainaulter, was the god-daughter of Philippe de Valois, her husband’s rival; and many a young noble and maiden bore her honoured name, which one female descendant carried to Portugal, and another to Sweden, where both alike worthily sustained the honour of Plantagenet.

The name of Philippe is particularly common in the Isle of Jersey, so that it has become a joke with sailors to torment the inhabitants by calling them Philip as they would term an Irishman Paddy.

Filippo is additionally popular in Italy at present from the favourite modern Saint Filippo Neri.[^[31]]

English.	Scotch.	French.	German.	Italian.
Philip	Phillipp	Philippe	Philipp	Filippo
Phil		Philipot	Lipp	Pippo
Phip			Lipperl	Lippo
Philipp
Lipp
Lipperl
Portuguese.	Spanish.	Russian.	Lett.	Hungarian
Felippe	Felipe	Feeleep	Wilips	Fülip
Felipinho			Lipsts
Felipe
FEMININE
English.	French.	Portuguese.	Dutch.	Italian
Philippa	Philippine	Felipa	Pine	Filippa
	Flipote			Pippa

[31]. Rawlinson’s Herodotus; Keightley’s Mythology; Butler; Michaelis.

Section III.—The Goat.

The goat (αἴξ) stands out prominently in northern mythology, though there scarcely, if at all, used in nomenclature. In Greek mythology he appears, though not distinctly, and the names derived from him are manifold.

The goat was the standard of Macedon (the rough goat was the King of Grecia), as Daniel had announced while Greece was yet in her infancy, and Macedon in barbarism, not even owned as of the Hellenic confederacy. The unfortunate posthumous son of Alexander was therefore called Aigos, or Ægos, in addition to his father’s name.

The aigis, ægis, or shield of Pallas Athene, though said to bear the gorgon’s head, was probably at first a goat skin. From it is formed Aigidios, Ægidius. In 475, there was an Ægidius, a Roman commander in Gaul, who was for a time an independent sovereign, ruling over both Romans and Franks. About two centuries later, an Athenian, as it is said, by name Ægidius, having worked a miraculous cure by laying his cloak over the sick man, fled to France to avoid the veneration of the people, and dwelt on the banks of the Rhone, living on the milk of a hind. The creature was chased by the king of France, and, flying wounded to her master, discovered him to the hunters. Thenceforth he has been revered as St. Giles, and considered as the patron of numbers thus called. Now, is Giles a contraction of Ægidius, or is it the corruption of the Latin Julius; or, again, is it the Keltic Giolla, a servant, or the Teutonic Gils, a pledge? Every one of these sounds more like it than the Greek word, and it does seem probable that the Athenian, if Athenian he were, was seized upon as patron by aliens to his name, and then cut down to suit them. However, Ægidius continued to be treated as the Latin for Giles; Egidio became an Italian name; and as St. Giles was patron of Edinburgh, Egidia was used by Scottish ladies; one of the sisters of King Robert II. was so called, and even now it is not quite extinct.[^[32]]

Section IV.—The Bee.

The word μείλα (soothing things) gave the verb μειλίσσω, or μελίσσω (melisso), to soothe or sweeten, whence the name of honey, and of the honey-bee. Melissa was sometimes said to have been the name of the nymph who first taught the use of honey, and bees, perhaps from their clustering round their queen, became the symbol of nymphs. Thence Melissa grew to be the title of a priestess as well as a lady’s name in classic times.

Melissa was invented by the Italian poets as the beneficent fairy who protected Bradamante, and directed Ruggero to escape from Atlante, and afterwards from Alcina, upon the hippogriff. Thus she entered the domain of romance, and became confounded with the Melusine and Melisende, who had risen out of the Teutonic Amalaswinth; and Melisse and Melite were adopted into French nomenclature.

Akin to Melissa is Γλυκηρά (Glykera), the sweet. This was not a feminine in good repute in ancient Athens, but it has since belonged to a saint of the Greek Churches, namely, the daughter of Macarius, thrice consul, who in the time of Antoninus suffered torments for a long time at Trajanopolis; and Gloukera is prevalent in Russia; and Glykera, or Glycère, in France.[^[33]]

[32]. Keightley’s Fairy Mythology; Croker’s Fairy Legends; Tooke’s History of Russia; Butler.

[33]. Liddell and Scott; Professor Munch; Junius.

Section V.—Names from Flowers.

It was not common in Greece to name persons from flowers, but two names in occasional use are connected with legends of transformation, though in each case it is evident that the name belonged originally to the flower, and then was transferred to the man.

Thus the Narcissus, named undoubtedly from ναρκάω (narkao), to put to sleep, has become the object of a graceful legend of the cold-hearted youth, for whose sake the nymph Echo pined away into a mere voice, and in retribution was made to see his own beauty in the water and waste from hopeless love for his own image, until his corpse became the drooping golden blossom, that loves to hang above still pools of water, like the “dancing daffodils” of Wordsworth.

Narcissus seems to have been a name among the Greek slaves of the Romans, for we twice find it belonging to freedmen of the Emperor. St. Narcissus was Bishop of Jerusalem in 195, and presided at the council that fixed the great festival of the Resurrection on a Sunday instead of on the day fixed by the full moon like the Jews. The Russians call it Narkiss; the Romans, Narcisso; and it has even been found belonging to an English peasant.

Hyacinthus (Ὑάκινθος) was a beautiful Spartan youth, who, being accidentally killed by Apollo in a game with the discus, was caused by the sorrowing divinity to propagate from his blood a flower bearing on its petals either his initial Υ or the αί (alas), the cry of lamentation. A yearly feast was held at Sparta in honour of Hyacinthus, and his name was perpetuated till Christian times, when a martyr bore it at Rome, and thus brought it into favour in Italy as Giacinto; also a Polish Dominican Jacinthus in the thirteenth century, is commemorated as the Apostle of the North, because he preached Christianity in great part of Russia and Tartary; but curiously enough it is in Ireland alone that Hyacinth has ever flourished as a man’s name, probably as a supposed equivalent to some native Erse name. There it is very common among the peasantry, and is in common use as Sinty, while in France, Italy, and Spain, though apparently without a saintly example of their own sex, Jacinthe, Giacinta, and Jacinta are always feminine, and rather popular peasant names.

Ῥόδος (Rhodos), the rose, is a word connected in its source with the origin of the Teuton roth, Keltic ruadh, and Latin rufus. Roses are the same in almost every tongue, and they almost always suggest female names; of which the most interesting to us is Rhoda, “the household maid, of her own joy afraid,” who “opened not the gate for gladness” when she knew the voice of St. Peter as he stood without the door after his release from prison and death. Her name, as a Scripture one, has had some use in England, though, in general, the Roses of each country have grown upon their own national grafts from the one great stock, or, more strangely, are changed from horses.

Φύλλις (Phyllis), a green leaf or bough, has another story of transformation. She was a Thalian damsel who hung herself because her lover did not keep his promise of returning to marry her, and was accordingly changed into an almond tree. Phyllis was the name of Domitian’s nurse, and in process of time found her way among the dramatis personæ of Arcadian poetry; and arrived at being somewhat popular as a name in England.

CHAPTER IV.
HISTORICAL GREEK NAMES CONSISTING OF EPITHETS.

Section I.—Agathos.

After passing from the fascinating but confused tales and songs that group around the ship Argo, the doomed family of Œdipus, and the siege of Troy, the Greeks are well-nigh lost for a time, but emerge again in the full and distinct brilliancy of the narratives of Herodotus and his followers, who have rendered their small aggregate of fragmentary states and their gallant resistance to Asiatic invasion the great nucleus of interest in the ancient world.

In the days of these wise and brave men, the nomenclature was, for the most part, expressive and appropriate, consisting of compounds of words of good augury from the spoken language, and, usually, as has been before shown, with a sort of recurring resemblance, from generation to generation, so as to make the enumeration of a pedigree significant and harmonious.

Of these was ἀγαθός (the good), precisely the same word as our own good and the German guth, only with the commencing α and a Greek termination.

Classical times showed many an Agathon, and Agathias, and numerous compounds, such as Agathocles (good fame), to be repeated in the Teutonic Gudred, and other varieties; but the abiding use of the word as an European name was owing to a Sicilian girl, called Agatha, who in the Decian persecution was tortured to death at Rome. Sicily considered her as one of its guardian saints. Thus, the festival day of this martyred virgin is observed by both the Eastern and Western Churches, and her name is found among all the nations that ever possessed her native island. Greece has transmitted it to Russia, where the th not being pronounceable, it is called Agafia; and the masculine, which is there used, Agafon; and the Slavonian nations derive it from the same quarter. The Normans adopted it and sent it home to their sisters in Neustria, where it was borne by that daughter of William the Conqueror who was betrothed to the unfortunate Earl Edwin, and afterwards died on her way to a state marriage in Castille. In her probably met the Teutonic Gytha and the Greek Agatha, identical in meaning and root, and almost in sound, though they had travelled to her birth-place in Rouen by two such different routes from their Eastern starting-place. Agatha was once much more common as a name than at present in England, and seems still to prevail more in the northern than the southern counties. Haggy, or Agatha, is the maid-servant’s name in Southey’s Doctor, attesting its prevalence in that class before hereditary or peculiar names were discarded as at present.

France did not fail to take up Agatha. Spain had her Agatha like that of the Italians, both alike omitting the h of θ. Portugal makes it Agneda; and the only other change worth noting is that the Letts cut it short into Apka.

Aristos (best) was a favourite commencement with the Greeks. Aristides, most just of men, was thus called the son of the best. He has reappeared in his proper form in modern Greece; as Aristide in republican France; as Aristides in America.

Aristobulus (best counsel) came originally from an epithet of Artemis, to whom Themistocles built a temple at Athens, as Aristoboulè, the best adviser. It was very common in the various branches of the Macedonian empire, and was thus adopted in the Asmonean family, from whom it came to the Herodian race, and thence spread among the Jews. In the Epistle to the Romans, St. Paul sends his greetings to the household of Aristobulus; and Welsh ecclesiastical antiquaries endeavour to prove that Arwystli, whom the Triads say was brought by Bran the blessed to preach the Gospel in Britain, was the same with this person.

Aristarchus (best judge) is also a Scriptural name; and besides these we have Aristocles (best fame), Aristippos (best horse), Aristagoras (best assembly), and all the other usual Greek compounds among the Greeks.

Perhaps this is the fittest place to mention that Arethusa is in use among the modern Greeks, and interpreted by them to mean the virtuous, as coming from this source. Aretino has been used in Italy.[^[34]]

[34]. Smith; Jameson; Rees, Welsh Saints.

Section II.—Alexander, &c.

Conquering Macedon was the portion of Greece, if Greece it could be called, that spread its names most widely and permanently; and as was but right, no name was more universally diffused than that of the great victor, he who in history is as prominent as Achilles in poetry. Ἀλέξανδρος (Alexandros), from ἀλέξω (alexo), to help, and ἄνδρες (andres), men, was said to have been the title given to Paris by the shepherds among whom he grew up, from his courage in repelling robbers from the flocks. It was afterwards a regular family name among the kings of Macedon, he who gave it fame being the third who bore it. So much revered as well as feared was this mighty conqueror, that his name still lives in proverb and song throughout the East. The Persians absolutely adopted him into their own line, and invented a romance by which ‘Secunder’ was made the son of a native monarch. Among the eastern nations, Iskander became such a by-word for prowess, that even in the sixteenth century the Turks would find no greater title of fear for their foe, the gallant Albanian, Georgios Kastriotes, than Skander Beg, or Lord Alexander.

Not only did the great conqueror possess many namesakes,—as indeed, there is a story that all the children born the year of his conquest of India were called after him,—but Alexandros was already frequent in Greece; and among the kingdoms formed out of the fragments of his empire, it recurred so as to become usual all over the Græcized East. Even the Maccabean Jews used it, and it was common in Judea, as well as elsewhere, in the time of the Gospels, so that a large proportion of saints and martyrs bore it and handed it on, especially in Greece and Italy. A pope, martyred in the second century, rendered it a papal assumed name; and the Italians used it frequently as Alessandro, shortened into Sandro. Nowhere, however, is it so thoroughly national as in Scotland, imported thither, apparently, with other Greek names, by Margaret Ætheling, who learnt them in the Hungarian court where she was born and brought up. Her third son was the first of the three Scottish Alexanders, under whom the country spent her most prosperous days.

No wonder his namesakes were numerous. In the Highlands they came to be Alaster, and formed the surname MacAlister; in the south, the contractions were Alick, Saunders, or Sandy, and the feminine Alexa, Alexandrina, and Alexandra, are chiefly German and Russian, though now and then occurring in France.

The first half of this name, Alexios, a defender, was in use in ancient Greece, where it belonged to a noted sculptor. Its saintly honours did not begin till the fifth century, when a young Roman noble, called Allexius or Alexis, is said to have been so much bent on a monastic life, that being compelled by his parents to marry, he fled away on his wedding day, and lived seventeen years in a convent in Syria; but, finding his reputation for sanctity too much for his humility, he came home in guise of a poor pilgrim, and spent another seventeen years as a beggar maintained on the scraps of his father’s kitchen, and constantly mocked and misused by the servants, until in his dying moments, he made himself known to his parents. His church at Rome, called St. Alessio, gives a title to a cardinal; and his day, July 17th, is observed by the Greeks as well as the Romans; and yet so strange is his history that it almost seems as if it might have been one of those instances in which an allegory acquired the name of a real saint, and attached itself to him as a legend. Alessio has in consequence always been an Italian name, and with the family of the Komnenoi, Alexios came into use among the Byzantine Greeks, with whom it was very frequent. Alexia is often found as a lady’s name in old records and accounts of the middle ages; but it is apparently intended merely as the Latin equivalent for Alice, which we shall show by-and-by to have had an entirely different origin.


English.	Scotch.	French.	Italian.	Spanish.
Alexander	Alexander	Alexandre	Alessandro	Alejandro
Alex	Alick
	Sanders
	Sandy
	Sawny
	Elshender
	Elshie
	Alaster
Russian.	Polish.	Slavonic.	Ung.
Aleksander	Aleksander	Aleksander	Sandor
Ssachka	Leszek	Skender
Ssaschinka
FEMININE[FEMININE]
English.	Italian.	Portuguese.	Spanish.
Alexis	Alessio	Aleixo	Alejo
Alexis
Alexe
Russian.	Slavonic.	Servian.	Lusatian.	Hungarian.
Alexei	Ales	Aleksa	Alex	Elek
Alescha	Leks		Halex
			Holex

Section III.—Anēr, Andros.

We come to the names derived from ἀνήρ, gen. ἀνδρός (anēr, andros), a man. The word itself has connections in the Sanscrit nara, and Zend ner; but its compounds are all from its oblique cases.

The most interesting of these is formed by the corrupt Greek dialect used in Syria, namely, that which fell to Ανδρέας (Andreas), the Galilean fisherman, whom the Church Universal reveres as one of the foremost in the Glorious Company of the Apostles. The saint was martyred at Patras in Achaia, whence some of his relics were carried in the fourth century to Scotland, and were thus the occasion of St. Andrew’s becoming the Metropolitan see. Shortly after, the vision of Hungus, King of the Picts, of St. Andrew’s Cross, promising him victory, rendered the white saltire the national ensign, and St. Andrew became not only the patron saint, but in due time the knightly champion of Scotland, and made Andrew one of the most universal of names, and the patronymic Anderson very common. The other relics went first to Constantinople, and after the taking of that city, were dispersed through Europe. Philip the Good, of Burgundy, obtained some of them, and made St. Andrew the patron of the order of the Golden Fleece, and Andreas became a frequent Flemish and Dutch name. It has a feminine in the countries where it is most popular, and its variations are as follows:—

English.	Scotch.	Dutch.	Danish.
Andrew	Andrew	Andreas	Anders
Andy	Dandie	Andries
		Andries
French.	German.	Italian.	Spanish.
André	Andreas	Andrea	Andres
Andrien
Russian.	Slavonic.	Polish.	Bohemian.
Andrej	Andrej	Andrezej	Ondrej
	Andias	Jedrzej
	Necek
	Andrejeek[Andrejeek]
Lusatian.	Esthonian.	Hungarian.	Lapland.
Handrej	Andras	Andras	Anta
Rajka	Andrus	Bandi	Attok
Hendrijshka			Ats

The feminines are the French Andrée and Italian Andreana. The Russians use Andrean as an equivalent for Henry!

Andronicus, man’s victory, was a great favourite, and occurs in St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, probably having belonged to a Corinthian who had gone from the busy city of traffic on the Isthmus to the great Capital of the world. The name continued among the Greeks, and belonged to numerous emperors, but has not been subsequently in much favour.

Section IV.—Eu.

The word εὖ (well or happily) was the commencement of many a name of good augury from the earliest times, and mingles as much among Christian as among classical associations.

Thus in company with ἄγγελος, angelos (a messenger), it formed evangelus, happy messenger, or bearer of good tidings, the first time applied to a shepherd, who brought to Ephesus the tidings of a quarry of beautiful marble for the building of the temple that was the glory of the city and of all Asia. Adored with heroic honours as he was, the title must have seemed to the Ephesian Christians, above all, to befit those spiritual shepherds who brought the best of tidings, and Evangelista became the term for a preacher, as Evangelium of his doctrine, both becoming in time restricted to the four-writers of the personal history of our Lord, and their narrative, as being the very core and centre of the Good Tidings. Evangelista was an old Italian name; and Longfellow appears to have invented Evangeline for the heroine of his poem, whence many of the name have sprung up in America.

Εὔχειρ (Eucheir), dexterous hand, was no doubt at first a mere epithet of a sculptor, but afterwards considered as a name, and belonging to no less than four distinguished sculptors of ancient Greece.

Thence the Latinized Eucherius, which belonged to a Bishop of Lyons, a great author of ecclesiastical works, who died about A.D. 450; from him comes the Portuguese Euchario, the Italian Eucario, the French Euchaire, the Russian Jevcharij, the Polish Euckary.

Εὐδώρη (Eudora), happy gift, was one of the Nereids, and afterwards did duty as Eudore in French romance.

Eudocia and Eudoxia are so much alike as to be often confused, but have different significations. The first is Εὐδοκία (approval), the second Εὐδοξία (good fame of glory). Both were great favourites with the Greek empresses, and were assumed by imperial brides possessed of some appellation not supposed to befit the purple. Saints of the Greek Church handed Eudokhia on into Russia, where it has been worn upon the throne, and becomes in common parlance Jevdoksija.

Εὐγενή (Eugenes), well born, was a very old Greek author; but Eugenios was the more usual form in classical times, and was carried on as Eugenius by the Romans. St. Eugenius was an African Confessor, and another Eugenius was Bishop of Toledo in 646. Both these gave much popularity to their name; the first in the East, the second in Italy, where Eugênio came to that high-spirited Savoyard who, growing weary of lingering at the court of Louis XIV., and hearing himself called le petit Abbé du Roi, rendered the sound of Prince Eugène dear to Austria and England; terrible to France and Turkey. Foe as he was, it is to his fame that the great popularity of Eugène in France is owing, whilst even in the country for which he fought Eugen is far less common. The Russians have it as Jevgenij; and the Servians as Djoulija; indeed, well may these last remember the gallant prince who turned back the wave of Turkish invasion.

Eugenius stands forth again and again in the early roll of Scottish kings, but whether these sovereigns ever lived or not, their appellation was certainly not Eugenius, nor any corruption from it; but the Keltic Eoghan, Ewan, or Evan, still extremely common in the Highlands, and meaning a young warrior, though, after the favourite custom of the Gael, Anglicized and Latinized by names of similar sound. The Welsh Owain or Ywain appears to have had the same fate, as the first means a lamb; but this is not equally certain, as the British had many Latin and Greek names current among them, and this may be a corruption of Eugenius.

Eugenia was a virgin Roman martyr, of whom very little is known; but this convenient feminine for Eugène has been in favour in the countries where the masculine was popular, and the Empress Eugénie rendered it the reigning name in France.

The names beginning with this favourite adverb are almost beyond enumeration, and it is only possible to select those of any modern interest. Εὐνίκη (Eunike), Eunice, happy victory, was one of the fifty Nereids, from whom the name passed to Greek women, and thus to Eunice, the Jewish mother of Timothy, whence this has become a favourite with English lovers of Bible names.

John Bunyan would have been reminded of his town of Fair Speech by the number of Greeks called by words of this signification: Eulalius, Eulogius, Euphemius, all with their feminines, besides Euphrasia.

The feminines were more enduring than the masculines. Eulalia was a child of ten or twelve years old, who, with that peculiar exaggeration of feeling that distinguishes Spanish piety, made her escape from the place of safety where her parents had taken refuge, entered Merida, and proclaiming herself a Christian, was martyred with the utmost extremity of torture in the persecution of Diocletian, and was sung by the great Christian poet Prudentius, himself a Spaniard. His verses spread her fame into the East, where the Russians carry on her name as Jevlalija; the Servians, as Evlalija or Lelica. Another virgin martyr of the same name, under the same persecution, died at Barcelona, whence her relics spread into Guienne and Languedoc, and thus named the villages of Ste. Olaille, Ste. Aulazie, and Ste. Aulaire, the last a familiar seignoral title! Eulalia and Eulalie have been often used in Spain and France, and the former is found in the register of Ottery St. Mary, Devon—also frequently in Cornwall.

Euphemia originally meant at once fair speech and abstinence from the reverse, so that almost in irony it signified silence, and was applied to the stillness that prevailed during religious rites, or to the proclamation of silence. The Euphemia who was the parent of the wide-spread name, was a virgin-martyr of Bithynia, whose legend of constancy, unshaken and invulnerable, alike by lion and flame, strongly impressed both the East and the West. Jevfimija, in Russia; Jeva, in Servia; Bema, in Lusatia; and Pimmie, in Lithuania. Then she is almost as much changed as by the Effie and Phemie of Scotland, which together with Euphame have prevailed since very early times. It is a question whether this Scottish Euphame were really one of the Greek names brought from Hungary by Queen Margaret, or if it be only another attempt to translate the Keltic Aoiffe. In the Highlands, however, the name is called Oighrigh; which, to English eyes and ears, seems equally distant from either Aoiffe or Euphemia. The church of Santa Eufemia at Rome gives title to a cardinal, and has spread the name in Italy and France.

It remains somewhat doubtful whether Eustace should be referred to Εὐστᾶθηος[Εὐστᾶθηος] (steadfast), or to Εὔσταχος (happy in harvest). The Eostafie, or Eustathius, of the Greco-Slavonic Church, certainly has the same festival-day (September 20th) as the Eustachius of the Latin; but the Latin Church has likewise a St. Eustachius, a different personage with a different day. He of September 20th was a Roman soldier, who lived and suffered under the Emperor Adrian, but his wild poetical legend is altogether a work of the Western mind. It begins like that of St. Hubert, with his conversion by the apparition of a crucifix planted between the horns of a stag, and a voice telling him that he should suffer great things. A soldier saint was sure to be a great favourite in the middle ages, and the supposed transport of St. Eustace’s relics to St. Denis, in very early times, filled France with Eustache, and thence Eustace, Wistace, or Huistace, as English tongues were pleased to call it, came over in plenty at the Norman Conquest. Eustace ‘Comes,’ who holds land in Domesday Book before the Conquest, must have been he of Boulogne who had such a desperate quarrel with the Godwin sons. There were six householders of this name after the Conquest, and they, or their descendants, sometimes called their daughters Eustachie, or Eustachia. Eustachia, a kinswoman of Henry II., married Geoffrey de Mandeville; and Eustacie was once in favour in France; but all these have a good deal lost their popularity, though we sometimes hear of Eustace in these days. The Bavarian contraction is Staches. Eusebius and Eusebia mean gentle or holy, and have not been frequent.[^[35]]

Section V.—Hieros.

The word ἵερος (hieros), sacred, gave the term for a priest, or any other person or thing set apart, and thus formed several names in the family of the kings of Syracuse, Hieron, Hieracles (holy fame), Hieronymus, i. e. Ἱερώνυμος (with a holy name). These continued in use among the Greeks, and came at length to that Dalmatian scholar and hermit, Eusebius Hieronymus Sophronius, who is reckoned as one of the greatest of the Latin fathers. As a saint of high reputation, his name underwent the Italian process of changing its aspirate into a G, and he became San Geronimo, or even Girolamo, whence the French took their frequent Jerome, and we followed their example. The Germans did indeed hold fast to Hieronymus; and the old English reformers would quote St. Hierom; but Jerome is the abiding name by which the saint, his namesakes, and the friars who took his rule are called.

In Ireland, Jerome, like Jeremiah and Edward, has been forced into representing the good old Keltic Diarmaid.

English.	Portuguese.	Spanish.	Italian
Hierom	Jeromino	Jeromo	Geronimo
	Hieronimo	Jeromino	Girolamo
French.	Russian.	Polish.	Servian
Jerôme	Jeronim	Hieronim	Jerolim
		Hirus	Jerko

In Cambrai, Hieronome was the form, with the Hieronomette for a feminine; and among the Swinburnes of Yorkshire, in the seventeenth century, Jeronima thrice occurs.[^[36]]

[35]. Liddell and Scott; Smith; Jameson; Sir Isumbras; Ellis, Domesday Book; Michaelis.

[36]. Grimm; Smith; Scott.

Section VI.—Pan.

A few words beginning with πᾶς (all) must here be mentioned, such as Pankratios (all ruling). A boy thus called is said to have suffered at Rome, in his 14th year, in 304, under Diocletian. Even in the time of Gregory of Tours, it was supposed that certain vengeance followed false oaths made at his shrine, and his relics were therefore very valuable. A present of some from Pope Vitalian to our King Oswy brought St. Pancras into fashion in England, and Pancrace and Pancragio have also named many churches in France and Italy. The lily called pancratium claims by its name to excel all others.

Πανταλέων, Pantaleon (altogether a lion), was one of the numerous Christian physicians who suffered martyrdom. He died at Nicodemia, but his relics were brought to Constantinople, and thence to France, where he is the chief saint of the largest church at Lyons, and he is the patron of doctors next after St. Luke. His name was in use in France and Italy before. As a peasant name, he fell, with Arlechino and Colombina, into comedy. His dress was on the stage made to fit tight to his body, as if all in one piece, and he was always a feeble old man, whence Shakespeare speaks of the lean and slippered pantaloon. Thence again, when the entire leg was covered by the trousers instead of by stockings and breeches meeting at the knee, the name of pantaloon was applied to the new garment.

Νίκη (victory) was an auspicious word, which, being of feminine gender, as befitted a goddess, was a favourite close for women’s names; such as Stratonike (army victory), Φερενίκη, Pherenike (bringing victory). Berenike was the Macedonian pronunciation of this last, and was in constant use among princesses of the two Greek kingdoms of Syria and Egypt. From these ladies, those of the Herod family took the name, and thus it was borne by that Bernice who heard St. Paul’s defence. Oddly enough, the peasants of Normandy are fond of calling their daughters Berenice. Veronica is sometimes said likewise to be a corrupt form.

In men’s names Nike was the prefix, as in Nikon, Niklias, Nikodemos (conquering people), Nikolaos (Νίκολαος), a word of like meaning. This last, after belonging to one of the seven first deacons, and to the founder of a heresy doomed in the Apocalypse, came to the Bishop of Myra, from whom it acquired a curious legendary fame that made it universal. St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with marriage portions by secretly leaving money at their window, and as his day occurred just before Christmas, he thus was made the purveyor of the gifts of the season to all children in Flanders and Holland, who put out their shoe or stocking in the confidence that Santa Klaus or Knecht Clobes, as they call him, will put in a prize for good conduct before the morning. The Dutch element in New England has introduced Santa Klaus to many a young American who knows nothing of St. Nicholas or of any saint’s day. Another legend described the saint as having brought three murdered children to life again, and this rendered him the patron of boys, especially school-boys.

A saint of both the East and West, with a history so endearing, and legends still more homely and domestic, Nicholas was certain of many followers throughout Christendom, and his name came into use in Europe among the first of the sainted ones. To us it came with the Norman Conquest, though not in great abundance, for only one Nicolas figures in Domesday Book, but his namesakes multiplied. The only English pope was Nicolas Breakspear; and Nicole or Nicola de Camville was the brave lady who defeated the French invaders at Lincoln, and secured his troublesome crown to Henry III. She deserves to have had more ladies called after her in her own country, but the feminines are chiefly confined to France, where, in the fifteenth century, its contraction was beatified in the person of a shoemaker’s daughter, Collette Boilet, who reformed the nuns of St. Clara, and died in the odour of sanctity. The southern nations almost always contract their names by the omission of the first syllables, as the northern ones do by leaving out the latter ones; and thus, while the English have Nick, the Italians speak of Cola, a contraction that became historical when the strange fortunes of “Cola di Rienzi, the tribune of the people,” raised him to his giddy height of honour, and then dashed him down so suddenly and violently, that “You unfortunate Rienzi” has ever since been a proverbial expression of pity in Italy.

The French language generally has both varieties of contractions, perhaps according as it was influenced by the Provençal or the Frank pronunciation, and thus its Nicolas becomes Nicole or Colas, sometimes Colin. Thence it has been suggested that Colin Maillard, or blind-man’s-buff, may be Colin seeking Maillard, the diminutive of Marie, which would drolly correspond to the conjecture that the “N or M” of our catechism and marriage service, instead of being merely the consonants of nomen, stand for Nicholas and Mary as the most probable names. The French Colin is probably Nicolas, and is the parent of all the Arcadian Colins who piped to their shepherdesses either in the rural theatricals of the ancient regime, in Chelsea china, or in pastoral poetry. The Scottish Colin may, perhaps, have been slightly influenced by French taste, but he bears no relation to Nicolas, being, in fact, formed from the Irish missionary, Saint Columba. The true Scottish descendant of the patron of scholars is to be found in that quaint portrait, Baillie Nicol Jarvie. The h with which Nicolas is usually spelt in English was probably introduced in the seventeenth century, which seemed to think good spelling consisted in the insertion of superfluous letters.

Niel, a pure Keltic word, which was adopted by the Northmen, and became naturalized in Scandinavia and Normandy, has also been translated by Nicolas, but quite incorrectly. Nils is the only real Nicolaus except Klaus used in the North, though Niel, and even Nigel, are sometimes confounded with it. Denmark has had a King Klaus; otherwise this popular name has only been on the throne in the instance of that great Tzar whom we had respected till the last year of his life, when his aggression forced us into war.

English.	Scotch.	French.	Danish.
Nicholas	Nicol	Nicolas	Nikolaus
Nick		Nicole	Niklaas
Nicol	Colas	Colin	Klaus
			Nils
Dutch.	German.	Bavarian.
Niklaas	Nikolaus	Niklau	Swiss.
Klasse	Niklas	Nickel	Chlaus
	Klaus	Likelas
	Nikolaus	Klasl
	Niklas
	Klaus
Italian.	Portuguese.	Russian.	Slavonic.
Nicola	Nicolaio	Nikolaj	Nikola
Nicolo		Nikolascha	Miklaoz
Cola		Kolinka
		Kolja
Polish.	Lett.	Finland.	Ung.
Mikolej	Klavinsh	Laus	Mikos
	Klassis	Nilo	Lapland.
		Niku	Nikka

The German Sieg answers exactly to the Greek Nike.

With the a before it, which in Greek contradicts the ensuing word, like the Latin in, and Teutonic un, we have Ἀνίκητoς, Aniketos, Anicetus, unconquered, the name of a pope, a friend of St. Polycarp, and an opponent of heresy, whence he is a saint both of East and West, and is called Aniceto at Rome, Anicet in France, and Anikita in Russia.[^[37]]

[37]. Liddell and Scott; Rollin; Jameson; Butler; Michaelis; Ellis, Domesday Book; Warton, English Poetry.

Section VII.—Polys.

Πoλύς (Polys), much, very, or many, was a frequent opening for Greek names. Polydoros (Πoλύδωρος), many-gifted, was the youngest and last survivor of the sons of Priam; and as mediæval Europe had a strong feeling for the fate of Troy, and the woes of ‘Polydore’ had an especial attraction for them, so Polidoro was revived in Italy, and has never quite died away.

His sister Polyxena, the feminine of very hospitable, had an equally piteous fate, being slain by the Greeks at the tomb of Achilles. According to the legends of the Eastern Church, a lady named Eusebia (gentle), who had been born at Rome, fled from an enforced marriage with a king, and took refuge, first at Alexandria, and then in the Isle of Cos, where she was called Xena, or the stranger. She founded a monastery at Mylassa in Caria, and there died in the 5th century. Kseenia, as she is called in Russia, has many namesakes, and probably was made ornamental by being lengthened into Poliksenja, which is likewise in use, with the contraction Polinka; and Polixene has also been used from an early period in Germany.

Πολύευκτος (Polyeuctos), much longed for, answering to the Desiderio of Italy, and Desirée of France, was an old classic name, and an officer who was martyred in Lesser Armenia about the middle of the third century, was placed in the martyrology of both East and West; but only has namesakes in Russia, where he is called Polieukt.

Πολύκαρπος (Polycarpos), that glorious Bishop of Smyrna, “faithful unto death,” and “receiving a crown of life when he played the man in the fire,” has had still fewer imitators of his suitable Christian name, much-fruit.

Section VIII.—Phile, &c.

Φίλος (Philos) was a most obvious and natural opening for names. It stood alone as that of several Macedonian ladies, and again with numerous men called Philon.

Philemon (loving thought) was the good old Phrygian who, with his wife Baucis, entertained Zeus and Hermes, and were rewarded with safety when their churlish neighbours were destroyed. Philemon was very common among the Greeks, and the Epistle of St. Paul to the Colossian master of the runaway Onesimus, has made it one of the Scriptural names of the English. The Maories call it Pirimona.

The Ptolemys of Egypt were particularly fond of surnaming themselves after their love to their relations, though they generally contrived so to treat them as to make the epithet sound ironical: Ptolemy Philadelphos (love brother), because he murdered his brother; Ptolemy Philopater, because he poisoned his father; though at least Philometer does seem to have had a good mother, and to have loved her. Such surnames were imitated by the Greek kings of Pergamus, all of whom were named Attalus, and it was from Attalus Philadelphus[Philadelphus], the second of them, that the city of Philadelphia, mentioned in the Apocalypse, took its title. This perished city of brotherly love seemed to William Penn to afford a suitable precedent for the title of the capital of his Quaker colony, which has ever since been Philadelphia. Less happily, Philadelphia has even been used among English women, apparently desirous of a large mouthful of a name.

Whether Philadelphia set the fashion, or whether the length of name is the allurement, Americans have a decided turn for all these commencements with ‘Phile’; and Philetus, Philander, &c., are to be found continually among the roughest inhabitants of the backwoods and far-west. With us they are at a discount, probably owing to the fashion of the last century of naming imaginary characters from the qualities they possessed.

Philaret, fond of virtue, is however popular in Russia, for the sake of some Eastern saint, who no doubt derived it from Philaretos, a Greek physician.

The verb πράσσω (prasso), to do or act, and the substantives πρᾶγμα (pragma), πρᾶξις (praxis), business, were fertile in derivatives.

The Christian interest of the words from this source is through Praxedes, who, according to the legend, was the daughter of the house in which St. Peter lodged at Rome, and devoted herself, together with her sister, to attending on Christians in prison, and burying them when they were put to death; a course of life that resulted in a glorious martyrdom. In honour of these two faithful women was built one of the first churches of Rome, consecrated, it is said, as early as 141, and still existing in all the glory of its ancient mosaics. Santa Prassede, as modern Rome terms it, gives title to a cardinal; and the admirable Carlo Borromeo was thus distinguished, deserving, perhaps, more than any other known ‘hinge-priest’ of Rome to be called after the saint of holy activity. Prassede has continued in vogue among Italian women, who frequently learn their names from Roman churches. I have found Plaxy in Cornwall, possibly from this source. Here, too, we should place Anysia (Ἀνύσια), from ἀνύω (anuo), to accomplish or complete. She was a maiden of Thessalonica, put to death there under Maximian. Her day is the 30th of October, in the Greek calendar, and Annusia is a Russian name, but she is not in the Roman calendar; and how the Normans heard of her it is hard to guess, unless it was either from the Sicilian Greeks, or in the Crusades; nevertheless, we are often met by Annys, Anisia, Annice, or Annes, in older pedigrees. The latter form occurs down to 1597 in the registers of the county of Durham. In later times the form was absorbed by Anne.

Τροφή, Trophe (food or nourishment), formed Τρόφιμος, Trophimos (the fruitful or nourishing), the name of an old Greek sculptor, and afterwards of the Ephesian companion of St. Paul who was left sick at Miletus. The people at Arles consider that he afterwards preached the Gospel in their city, and have made him the patron of their cathedral; but it is Russia that continues the use of his name as Trofeem.[^[38]]

Even among the heathen Greeks, Τρυφή, Tryphe (daintiness, softness, or delicacy), had not a respectable signification. Yet Τρύφον, or Tryphon, was a favourite with persons of inferior rank—artists, architects, and physicians; and in the Decian persecution, a martyr so called was put to the extremity of torture in Bithynia, and has remained highly honoured in the calendar of the Greek Church; Trypho continuing in use as a Russian name.

The feminine form, Τρυφαίνα (Tryphæna), was given to two of the daughters of the Ptolemys in Egypt, where it was far from inappropriate; but, probably, the two women whom St. Paul greets so honourably at Rome as Tryphæna and Tryphosa, were either Alexandrian Jewesses whom he had met at Corinth on their way to Rome, or else merely so called as being the daughters of some Tryphon. They were not canonized, and the dainty Tryphæna has only been revived in England by the Puritan taste.

Section IX.—Names connected with the Constitution.—Laos, &c.

The democratic Greeks delighted in names connected with their public institutions—ἀγορά (agora), the assembly, δῆμος (dêmos), the public, λαός, also the people, gave them numerous names, with which were closely connected the formations from δίκη (dike), justice, and κλέος (kleos), fame.

Λαοδάμας (Laodamas), people-tamer, had a feminine Λαοδάμεια[Λαοδάμεια] (Laodameia), principally noted for the beautiful legend of her bitter grief for her husband, the first to fall at Troy, having recalled him to earth for three hours under the charge of Hermes. Probably Florence must have had a local saint named Laodamia, for it has continued in vogue there.

The demos better answered to the commons; they expressed less the general populace than the whole voting class of free citizens, and were more select. We find them often at the beginning or end of Greek names, like the Theut of the Teutons: Demodokos, people’s teacher; Demoleon, people’s lion; Nikodemos, conquering people, etc.

Κλέος (Kleos), fame, from κλείω (kleio), to call, had as many derivatives as the Frank hlod, or loud, for renowned, but most of them have passed out of use, though Κλεάνθης (Kleanthes), famous bloom, the name of a celebrated sculptor, so struck the fancy of the French that Cleanthe—their epicene form—was one of the favourite soubriquets for their portraits of living characters. Even Cleopatra (Κλεοπάτρα[Κλεοπάτρα]), fame of her father, with all her beauty and fame, did not hand on the name which she had received in common with a long course of daughters of Egypto-Greek kings. Russia alone accepts it as a frequent Christian name, and it is occasionally to be found in England and America.

The wreath of the conqueror was an appropriate allusion to those games where the Greek youth delighted to contend, and very probably the first Stephanos (Στέφανος) was so called by an exulting family whose father had returned with the parsley, or pine-leaf, crown upon his brow, and named the infant in honour of the victory. For Stephanos was an old Greek name, which had belonged among others to a son of Thucydides, before it came to that Hellenist deacon who first of all achieved the greatest of all the victories, and won the crown.

Besides St. Stephen’s own day, another on the 3rd of August for “the invention of St. Stephen’s relics,” which were pointed out in a dream to a priest of Caphargamala in the year 415, by no less a person than the Jewish doctor, Gamaliel, in a white robe, covered with plates of gold. The bones were carried to the church on Mount Sion, and thence dispersed into all quarters; even St. Augustin rejoiced in receiving a portion at Hippo, other fragments were taken to the Balearic Isles, while Ancona laid claim to the possession of a bone, carried off at the time of the saint’s martyrdom!

No wonder the name is common. Seven saints bore it besides the proto-martyr, and among them, that admirable King of Hungary, who endeared it to his people, and left the crown so highly honoured at Prague. Our name of Stephen is probably due to the acquaintance of the Normans with Ancona, whence William the Conqueror obtained such interest in St. Stephen as to dedicate to him the Abbey built at Caen. There is no instance of the name in Domesday Book, and our king of turbulent memory derived it from his father, the Count de Blois. In the roll of Winchester householders in Stephen’s reign we find, however, already Stephen de Crickeled and “Stephen the Saracen.” Could this last have been a convert brought home from the East, and baptized in honour of the pious Count de Blois, father of the king—perhaps an adherent of the family? It is everywhere in use, varied according to the manner in which the tongue treated the double consonant. The feminine began at Cambrai at least as early as the thirteenth century, and it is frequent in Caen, probably in honour of St. Stephen’s Abbey at Caen.

English.	German.	French.	Italian.
Stephen	Stephan	Etienne	Stefano
	Steffel	Tiennon	Steffano
		Tiennot
		Estevennes
Spanish.	Portuguese.	Dutch.	Russian.
Estevan	Estevao	Steven	Stefan
Esteban			Stepan
			Stenka
			Stepka
Polish.	Illyrian.	Esthonian.	Hungarian.
Sscezepan	Stepan	Tewa	Istvan
Lusatian.	Stepo
Scezpan	Stepko
	Stepika
FEMININE.
English.	French.	Portuguese.	Russian.
Stephan	Estephanie	Estephania	Stefanida
	Stefanie		German.
	Etiennette		Stephanine
	Tiennette

I venture here to include the numerous names of which the leading word is Ὀλυμπ. They are generally derived from Mount Olympos, the habitation of the gods; but I cannot help thinking them more likely to be connected with the Olympian games, and to have been first invented for children born in the year of an Olympiad.

There were numerous varieties, but none have survived except the feminine Olympias, belonging to the proud but much beloved mother of Alexander, and, like all other Macedonian names, spreading through the East. A Byzantine widow, of great piety and charity, who stood faithful to St. Chrysostom during his persecution by the empress, was canonized, and sent Olympias on to be a favourite with the Greeks, so that it flourishes among all ranks in the Ionian Islands. Italy had her Olimpia, probably through the Greek connections of Venice; and the noble and learned Olimpia Morata rendered it famous. It was brought to France by the niece of Mazarin, the Comtesse de Soissons, of evil fame as a poisoner, and yet the mother of Prince Eugène. From her, apparently, Olympe spread among French ladies and long continued fashionable, and Surtee’s History of the County Palatine of Durham mentions an Olympia Wray, married in 1660.

Here, too, must be mentioned Milone, though its connection with the subject is only through Milon, the famous Greek wrestler of Crotona, who carried a heifer through the Stadium at Olympia, and afterwards ate her up in a single meal; killed a bull with one stroke of his fist; and finally, was caught by the hands in the recoil of a riven oak, and there imprisoned till eaten by the wolves. Michaelis thinks the root of the word is the same with that of the old German verb milan, to beat or crush, the relation of our mills. Thence may likewise have come the Latin Miles, and the Keltic Milidh, both meaning a warrior.

Milo belonged to the realms of romance. In the story of the Golden Ass of Apuleius, Milon is the master of the house where the unfortunate hero undergoes his transformation; and having thus entered the world of imagination, Milon, or Milone as Italian poets call him, became a paladin of Charlemagne; Milan was a Welsh knight in one of Marie of Bretagne’s lays; and in a curious old French romance, Miles is the father of two children, one of whom is brought up by a lion, and defended by an ape as his champion. These stories, or their germs, must have struck the Norman fancy, for a Milo appears among the newly installed landholders in Domesday Book, and Milo Fitzwilliam stands early in the Essex pedigrees, but very soon the vernacular form became Miles. Among the Norman settlers in Ireland, Miles was a frequent name; and in the Stanton family, when it had become so thoroughly Hibernicized as to dislike the Norman appellation, one branch assumed the surname of MacAveely, son of Milo, according to the change of pronunciation undergone by Erse consonants in the genitive. Miles or Myles itself was adopted as an English equivalent for the native Erse Maelmordha, or majestic chief, and has now become almost an exclusively Irish name, though sometimes used in England by inheritance from Norman ancestors, and generally incorrectly derived from the Latin Miles, whereas its immediate parent is certainly the Greek Milo.[^[39]]

[38]. Butler; Surius; Sir Cuthbert Sharpe, Extracts from Parish Registers.

[39]. Liddell and Scott; Butler; Neale, Hymns of the Greek Church; Smith; Dunlop, History of Fiction; Hanmer, Chronicle of Ireland; Publications of Irish and Ossianic Societies.

CHAPTER V.
CHRISTIAN GREEK NAMES.

Section I.

The names that we place in this class are such as arose under the Christian dispensation. Some, indeed, are older, and many more may be so, and may have been in use among slaves, peasants, and persons of whom history took no cognizance; but the great mass, even if previously invented, were given with a religious meaning and adaptation, and many embodied ideas that no heathen could have devised. Greek, above all others the ecclesiastical tongue, has sent forth more widely diffused names of truly Christian meaning than any other language; the formations of Latin, German, and English, in imitation of these are, in comparison, inharmonious and ungainly, carrying their meaning too openly displayed.

Among these are here mixed, when they belong evidently to the same race, the exclusively modern Greek names, which have arisen since Greece and her dependencies ceased to be the great store-house of martyrs and saints, and the dispenser of sacred thought to the Christian world. Many, indeed, of these names may be of equally ancient date, only not belonging to any individual of sufficient renown to have transmitted them to other countries.

Perhaps no land has been less beholden to others in her nomenclature than modern Greece. Hebrew names have, indeed, come in through her religion; a very few were accepted from the Latin in the days when Constantinople was the seat of the Roman empire, and when the churches were one; but scarcely one of the wide-spread ‘Frank’ names has ever been adopted by the Greeks. Even in Slavonic Russia the nomenclature remains almost exclusively Byzantine; the native Slave names are comparatively few, and those that come in from other nations are discarded, as at Constantinople, for some supposed Greek equivalent.

Section II.—Names from Theos.

Already in speaking of Zeus it has been explained that this and Θεός (Theos) are but differing forms of the same term for Divinity, although one became restricted to the individual Deity; the other was a generic term in heathen days, retaining, however, so much of spiritual majesty that it was employed in the Septuagint to express the true Creator, and thus Christians embraced it as the designation of the supreme object of worship.

The word Theos itself had been assumed as a surname by one of the worst of the line of the Syrian Antiochus, and Theon had never been infrequent among the Greeks. Θεόφιλος (Theophilos), God-beloved, to whom is dedicated the Gospel of St. Luke, must have been so called before his Christianity. Thenceforward Theophilus became a name in the Church; but it has been less used on the Continent than in England. There, probably from its occurrence in Holy Scripture, and also from being generally the title of the favourite speaker in religious dialogues, it has been in some use. The feminine, Theophila, was the name of the mother of Sir Joshua Reynolds.

English.	French.	Italian and Spanish.	Portuguese.
Theophilus	Théophile	Teofilo	Theophilo

Theokles (Θέοκλής), divine fame, was an ancient heathen name, and it is most probable that [Θεκλα] (Thekla) is the contraction of the feminine. St. Thekla was said to have been a disciple of St. Paul, at Inconium, and to have been exposed to lions at Antioch. Though they crouched at her feet instead of tearing her, she is considered as the first virgin martyr, and it was deemed that the highest possible praise for a woman was to compare her to St. Thekla. Another Thekla of Alexandria is believed to have been the scribe of that precious copy of the Gospels given by Cyril Lucar to Charles I., and now in the British Museum; and thus Thekla has always had high reputation in the East, though less known in the West, except that ‘Tecla’ is the patroness of Tarragona.

German.	French.	Italian.	Russian
Thekla	Técla	Tecla	Tjokle

Θεόδορος (Theodoros), and Θεόδορα (Theodora), divine gift, are the most usual of these names; the first universal in the East and West, the second prevalent in the Eastern Church, but less common in the Western than the incorrect feminine Dorothea.

There were numerous saints called Theodorus; the favourite of the West being he of Heraclea, a young soldier, who burnt the temple of Cybele, and was martyred in consequence. The Venetians brought home his legend, and made him their champion and one of their patron saints, whence Teodoro has prevailed in the city of the Doge; and from a church dedicated to him at Rome the Spaniards must have taken their Teodor, the French their Théodore, and the Germans the similar Theodor, which has always been frequent there.

The ancient Britons must have known and used this name; for among their host of obscure saints of princely birth appears Tewdwr; and the Welsh made so much use of this form that when the handsome Owen ap Tewdwr won the heart of the widow of Harry of Monmouth, Tudor was an acknowledged surname, and in two generations more it became a royal one.

Here, however, the Theodores are a recent introduction. They seem only to have been really hereditary in Wales, Greece, and Venice. By Greece is also meant all those Greco-Slavonic countries that received their nomenclature from Constantinople, in especial Russia, where the th is exchanged for ph, so as to produce the word Feodor; and the Germans, receiving it again, spell it Pheodor.

Welsh.	French.	Portuguese.	Spanish and Italian.
Tewdwr	Théodore	Theodoro	Teodoro
English.
Theodore
German.	Hamburg.	Russian.	Polish.
Theodor	Tedor	Feodor	Feodor
Pheodor	Tetje	Fedor
Slavonic.	Illyrian.	Lett.	Hungarian.
Todor	Todor	Kodders	Twador
	Toso	Kwedders	Finland.
			Theotari

The feminine Theodora has two independent saints, a martyr and a Greek empress. It suffers no alterations except the Russian F at the commencement, and is not common except in the East. The West prefers the name reversed, and rendered incorrect. Dorotheus and Theodorus may indeed be exact equivalents; but the invention of Theodora makes the giver feminine instead of the gift. It is the beauty of the legend of St. Dorothea that has made her name so great a favourite. Never did pious fancy form a more beautiful dream than the story of the Cappadocian maiden, who sent the roses of paradise by angelic hands as a convincing testimony of the joy that she was reaping. The tale is of western growth, and the chief centre of St. Dorothea’s popularity as a patroness was in Germany; but the name was likewise in great favour in England, where Massinger composed a drama on her story. Dorothy was once one of the most usual of English names; and ‘Dolly’ was so constantly heard in every household, that it finally became the generic term for the wooden children that at least as late as the infancy of Elizabeth Stuart, were called babies or puppets. In the days of affectation, under the House of Hanover, Dorothy fell into disuse, but was regarded as of the same old Puritan character as Abigail or Tabitha. Probably from the influence of German literature, the German contraction Dora, or more properly Dore, has come in as almost an independent name, which, perhaps, ought to be translated as simply a gift, though often used as a contraction for Dorothea. The fashion has again come round, and Dorothy has become the favourite name. In the last century, Dorinda was a fashionable English fancy embellishment, Doralice a French one—perhaps from the German Dorlisa—Dorothea Elisa. The Russian Darija is reckoned as a translation; but it does not seem probable, for the patroness of this latter was an Athenian lady, martyred with her husband, Chrysanthus, at Rome, and buried in a catacomb, which was opened in the days of Constantine the Great. The modern Greeks call the name, Thorothea.

English.	French.	German.	Bavarian.
Dorothea	Dorothée	Dorothea	Derede
Dorothy	Dorette	Dore	Duredel
Dolly	Doralice	Dorlisa	Durl
Dora	Dorothea
Dorinda	Dore
	Dorlisa
Swiss.	Dutch.	Danish.	Spanish.
Torli	Dört	Daarte	Dorotea
	Dortchen
Portuguese.	Italian.	Russian.	Polish.
Dorothe	Dorotea	Dorofei	Dorota
		Darija	Dorosia
		Darha
		Daschenka
		Dorka
Illyrian.	Lusatian.	Lett.	Esthonian.
Doroteja	Dora	Darte	Tigo
Dora	Horta	Tike	Tio
Rotija	Horteja	Tiga
Horta	Vortija
Lithuanian.	Ung.
Urte	Doroltya

Before leaving the word doros, we may mention the name Isidoros, a very old and frequent one among the ancient Greeks, and explained by some to mean Gift of Isis; but this Egyptian deity is an improbable origin for a name certainly in use before the Greek kingdom in Egypt was established, and it seems more satisfactory to refer the first syllable to ἰς (strength), a word which when it had its digamma was Γις, exactly answering to the Latin vis (force or strength). It commenced many old Greek names, but none that have passed on to Christian times except Isidorus, which was first borne by one of the grim hermits of Egypt, then by an Alexandrian author, and then by three Spanish bishops of Cordova, Seville, and Badajos. They probably received it as a resemblance of the Gothic names beginning with eisen (iron). In consequence, Isidoro and the feminine Isidora have continued national in Spain, and Isodoros in Greece, whence Russia has taken Eesidor.

Theodotos (God-given) was in common use among the Greeks of the early empire, and apparently in Spain was corrupted into Theodosius, since Spain was the native land of him who rendered this form illustrious. Theodosia has been in favour in many parts of Europe, copied probably from some of the Byzantine princesses. The canonized personages of the masculine and feminine forms are, however, by no means imperial; the one being a hermit, the other a virgin martyr. Theone is also a German feminine.

English.		French.	Italian.
Theodosius		Théodose	Teodosia
English.	Italian.	Russian.	Illyrian.
Theodosia	Teodosia	Feodosia	Desse

The entire race of Greek words thus derived must be carefully distinguished from the Gothic ones, which at first sight appear to resemble them: such as Theodoric, Theudebert, &c., but are all, in fact, taken from the Teuton word Theut (the people).

Of Theophanos we shall speak among the names taken from sacred festivals, but we must not leave these titles of pious signification without mentioning Τιμόθεος (honour God), from τιμὴ (honour or worship), the noun formed from τίω (to honour or esteem), connected of course with the Latin timor (fear).

Timotheus had been in use even in heathen times, as in the case of Alexander’s musician.

But probably it was with a full religious meaning that the good Eunice chose it for that son who was to be the disciple of St. Paul and the first bishop of Ephesus. From him, and from several subsequent Saints, the East and West both learnt it, but at the present day it flourishes chiefly in Russia as Teemofe. In Ireland, it was taken as one of the equivalents of the native Tadgh (a bard), and the absurdities of Irish Tims have cast a ridiculous air over it, mingled with the Puritan odour of the Cromwellian days, such as to lower it from the estimation its associations deserve. Mr. Timothy Davison, in 1670, named his daughter Timothea, but happily his example does not seem to have been followed.[^[40]]


English.	French.	Italian.	Russian.
Timothy	Timothée	Timoteo	Timofei
Tim			Timoscha
Polish.	Slavonic.	Lett.
Tymotensz	Timoty	Tots
Timoty

[40]. Smith; Jameson; Butler; Liddell and Scott; Hartwell Horne, Introduction to the Bible; Le Beau, Bas Empire; Michaelis.

Section III.—Names from Christos.

The Greek verb χρίω (chrio), to touch, rub, or anoint, formed the term Χριστός, which translated the old Hebrew prophetic Messiah (the Anointed), and thence became the title of the Saviour, the very touch-stone of faith.

Therefore it was that at Antioch the disciples came to be called Χρίστιανοι (Christianoi), a Greek word with a Latin termination, the title that they accepted as their highest glory, and which has ever since been the universal and precious designation of a believer. The first person who is known to have been baptized after this title, was St. Christina, a Roman virgin of patrician birth, who was martyred in 295. Her marvellous legend declares that she was thrown into lake Bolsena, with a mill-stone round her neck, but that she floated to the surface, supported by angels, and that she was at last shot to death with arrows. She is therefore, of course, patroness of Bolsena and of the Venetian States, where Cristina is frequent; and her fame travelled to Greece, Bohemia, and Hungary, from which last place the Atheling family brought it to England and Scotland in the person of Christina, Abbess of Romsey. Christian, like the other Greek names of this importation, took deep root in Scotland, where Kirstin is its abbreviation among the peasantry; and Christina, or Stine, and Tine, is common in Germany. John Bunyan’s Christiana, as the feminine of his allegorical Christian, has made this form the most common in England. Christine, either through Germany or Scotland, found its way to Scandinavia, where the contraction is Kirste, or Kirstine. Being vigorous name-makers at the time of their conversion, the Northmen were not content to leave this as a mere lady’s name inherited from the saint, but invented for themselves a masculine Christian, or Christiern as they call it in Denmark, which has belonged to many a sovereign in that kingdom, where it is especially national, and contracts into Kirsten.

Christabel was already a name before Coleridge’s time. It is to be found in Cornwall, in 1727, and in the North of England. It occurs at Crayke, in Yorkshire, between 1538 and 1652.

English.	German.	French.	Swedish.
Christian	Christian	Chrestien	Kristian
		Chrétien
Danish.	Netherlands.	Dantzig.	Frisian.
Christian	Kerstan	Zan	Tsassen
	Karston	Dutch.	Tziasso
	Krischân	Korstiaan	Zasso
	Kruschan		Sasze
Swiss.	Polish.	Slavonic.	Illyrian.
Krista	Krystyan	Kristijan	Kristian
Chresta			Kersto
Chresteli			Hristo
Lusatian.	Bulgarian.	Lett.	Esthonian.
Khrystjan	Krustjo	Kristo	Kersti
Kristo		Skersto	Hungarian.
Kito			Kerestel
FEMININE.
English.	French.	German.	Bulgarian.
Christiana	Christine	Christiane	Khrustina
Christian		Christine	Lithuanian.
Christina		Stine	Krikszte
Chrissie		Tine
Xina		Kristel
Portuguese.	Spanish.	Italian.	Danish.
Christinha	Cristine	Cristina	Karstin
Slavonic.	Lusatian.	Lett.	Esthonian.
Kristina	Krystla	Kristine	Kirstin
Kina	Kita	Kersti	Kirste
	Kitka	Skersten

From the same holy title was derived that of Χριστοφόρος (Christ-bearer), claimed by many an early Christian as an expression of his membership, as St. Ignatius on his trial spoke of himself as Θεοφορος. To this title was attached the beautiful allegory of the giant ever in search of the strongest master, whom he found at last in the little child that he bore on his shoulders over the river. Simplicity soon turned the parable into credited fact, and St. Christopher became the object of the most eager veneration, especially as there had been a real martyr so called, and mentioned in the Mozarabic service-book. He was put to death in Lycia, and his relics were supposed to have been at first at Toledo and afterwards at St. Denis. The sight of St. Christopher’s image was thought to be a protection from sickness, earthquake, fire, or flood, for the rest of the day, and it was therefore carved out and painted in huge proportions outside churches and houses, especially in Italy, Spain, and Germany. The cumbrous length is cut down in England into Kit, Kester, and Chris. The modern Greeks shorten Christophoros into Christachi. The two feminine are the German Christophine and English Christophera.

English.	Scotch.	French.	Swedish.
Christopher	Christopher	Christophe	Kristofer
Kester	Christal		Kristofel
Kit
Chris
Netherlands.	German.	Swiss.	Italian.
Toffel	Christoph	Chrestoffel	Cristoforo
Toff	Stoffel	Stoffel	Cristovano
	Stoppel		Gristovalo
Portuguese.	Spanish.	Russian.	Polish.
Christovao	Cristoval	Christofer	Kristof
		Christof
Lusatian.	Lett.	Lithuanian.
Kitto	Kristoppis	Kristuppas
	Kristagis

Christopher was once far more common in England than it is at present. In the list of voters at Durham in the year 1500, there were thirteen Christophers, and in 1813 there were as many as ten. The Germans have also Christophilon, meaning, loved by Christ.[^[41]]

[41]. Milman, Christianity; Liddell and Scott; Jameson.

Section IV.—Sophia.

Perhaps we ought to consider Sophia (Σοφία) as one of the words most closely connected with divine attributes, since its use as a name was owing to the dedication of that most gorgeous of Christian temples by which Justinian declared that he had surpassed Solomon. It was called, and it has borne the title through its four hundred years of bondage to Islam, Sta. Sophia (the holy wisdom of God), that figurative wisdom whom Christians considered the Book of Proverbs to point out as the Word of God. Moreover, the words of the ‘Preacher,’ in the Book of Ecclesiasticus, “Wisdom (Σοφία) is the mother of fair Love and Hope and holy Fear,” suggested an allegory of a holy woman with three daughters so called, and thus, in compliment, no doubt, to the glorious newly-built church, the niece of Justinian’s empress, afterwards wife to his nephew and successor, was called Sophia, a name which thenceforward became the fashion among the purple-born daughters, and spread from them among the Slavonian nations, who regarded Constantinople as the centre of civilization.

Through these Slavonians Sophia spread to Germany. A Hungarian princess was so called in 999; another, the daughter of King Geysa, married Magnus of Saxony, in 1074, and Saxony scattered its Sophias in the next centuries all over the neighbouring states and into Denmark, where it has always been a royal name. Very nearly had the Electress Sophia brought it to our throne, and though the unhappy Sophia Dorothea of Zelle never took her place in the English Court, her grand-daughters made it one of the most fashionable ladies' names under the House of Hanover; and though its reign has passed with the taste for ornamental nomenclature, yet the soft and easy sound of Sophy still makes her hold her own.

English.	French.	German.	Danish.	Frisian.
Sophia	Sophie	Sophia	Saffi	Vye
Sophy		Fieke
Italian.	Russian.	Polish.	Lett.	Hungarian.
Sofia	Ssofija	Zofia	Sappe	Zsofia
	Ssonia	Zosia	Wike	Zsofe
	Ssoniuska

Section V.—Petros.

Great is the controversy that hangs on the form of Πέτρος, the surname divinely bestowed upon the faithful disciple Simon Barjona, when he made his great confession of faith in the Godhead and Messiahship of his Master.

“Thou art Petros (a stone), and on this Petra (a rock) I will build my Church,” are the words.

The apostle was sometimes called in his own lifetime by the Hebrew or Syriac equivalent Κηφᾶς, or Cephas; but Petros, or Petrus, being both Greek and Latin words, he went down to posterity thus distinguished. Many a Pietro was called after him in Italy, to be cut down into Piero or Pier, and amplified into Pietruccio, or Petruccio and Petraccio. The devout Spaniards caught up the name, and had many a Pedro, nay, three Pedros at once were reigning at a time in three Peninsular kingdoms, and the frequency of Perez as a surname shows how full Spain is of the sons of Pedro. France had many a Pierre, Pierrot, or, in Brittany, Perronnik. Perrault, a common surname, may be a derivation from it, as is St. Pierre, one of the territorial designations. Before the Revolution, La Pierre and La France were the unvarying designations of the two lackeys that every family of any pretension always kept in those days of display.

England had Peter, which Peter-pence, perhaps, hindered from being a favourite, and borrowed from the French, Piers and Pierce. Feories is the Irish version of Pierce. Pedder or Peer are both much used in the North, and Peter in Germany; while the great Muscovite made Petr notable in his empire. The Irish, regardless of the true history of Patricius, want to make St. Patrick a namesake of St. Peter, and therefore the Paddys own not only their national apostle, but the prince of apostles, for their patrons. The feminines of Peter are Petronilla, said to have been his daughter, and whence has come Petronilla in Spanish, Petronille shortened into Nille in Norway, Pernel or Parnel, once exceeding common, though now forgotten, in England; but other female names have been made direct from that of the saint, Peronetta in Italy, Perretta in France, and even Petrina in Scotland and Sweden.

English.	French.	Swedish.	Danish.
Peter	Pierre	Per	Peder
Piers	Pierrot
Pierce	Perrin
	Peire
Dutch.	Italian.	Spanish.	Portuguese.
Pieter	Pietro	Pedro	Pedro
Piet	Piero		Pedrinho
	Pier
	Pietruccio
Russian.	Polish.	Illyrian.	Lusatian.
Petr	Picti	Petai	Pjeti
Petruscha	Pies	Pero	Petsch
Petrinka		Petrica	Peto
		Pejo
Bulgarian.	Lett.	Esthonian.	Kelt.
Petur Petko	Peteris	Pedo Pet	Pétar Feoris	}	Erse
			Per Petrik	}	Breton
FEMININE.
English.	French.	Italian.	Portuguese.
Petrina	Perette	Petronilla	Petronilha
Petronella	Petronelle	German.	llyrian.
Pernel	Petrine	Petronille	Petra
		Nelle	Petrija
		Nillel	Petrusa

Section VI.—Names of Immortality.

Rejoicing that “life and immortality had been brought to light” quickly broke out in the very names given to Christians at their baptism, and full of import were the appellations invented in these early ages of the Church, to express the joyful hope of everlasting life.

Even in the Sanscrit, a-mrita expresses the elixir of life, “the amreeta cup of immortality,” which terminates the woes of Kailyal in the Curse of Kehama, and according to Hindoo myth was produced by the celebrated churning of the ocean. The name is traced to a privative and mri, a word to be met with again in mors, murder, &c., and the notion of a water of life continued to pervade all the Indo-European races. Among the Greeks this life-giving elixir was ἀμβροσία (ambrosia), immediately derived from ἄμβροτος (immortal), a word from the same source. In various legends this ambrosia served to express the human craving for heavenly and immortal food, until at length, in later times, ambrosia came to be regarded as the substantial meat of the gods, as nectar was their drink.

It was reserved for Christianity to proclaim the true ambrosia, the veritable food of Paradise, and thus it was that Ambrosios became a chosen name, borne in especial by that great Archbishop of Milan, who spent one of the most illustrious lives recorded in Church history. The Church has never forgotten this great saint; and Milan, where his own liturgy has never been discontinued, is especially devoted to her Sant' Ambrogio, but his history is perhaps a little too much in the clear light of day to afford the convenient shadow requisite for name-spreading legend, and his name has but moderate popularity. Already, as we may suppose, his fame had spread to Britain when Aurelius Ambrosius, the brave champion who so long withstood the Saxon invaders, bore it and left it to the Welsh as Emrys.

English.	French.	Italian.	Spanish.	Russian.
Ambrose	Ambroise	Ambrogio	Ambrosio	Amvrossij
Brush
Polish.	Bohemian.	Lusatian.	Hungarian.	Welsh.
Ambrozij	Ambroz	’Bros	Ambrus	Emrys
		Mros
		Brosk
		Mrosk

In the same spirit was formed Ἀθανασίος (Athanasios), from the word θάνατος (death). The Undying was in itself a name of good hope for a Christian, and it became dear to the Church at large through the great Alexandrian patriarch, the bulwark of the faith. It is in the East that his name has been kept up; the West, though of course knowing it and using it for him individually, shows few namesakes except in Italy, where it is probably a remnant of the Greek influence upon Venice and Naples. The feminine Atanasia is, I believe, solely Italian.

French.	Italian.	Russian.	Servian.
Athanase	Atanasio	Afanassij	Atanacko
	Atanagio

So again the new Christians took the old word ἀνάστασις (meaning an awakening or raising), from ἀνίστημι (to make to stand up), and used it to signify the Resurrection; then formed from Ἀναστάσιος (Anastasios), of the Resurrection,—having the elements of the Resurrection within him or her, for the feminine Anastasia was as early and as frequent as the masculine. Indeed the strange caprices of fate have decreed that, though the masculine form is exceedingly common all over the Eastern Church, it should, in spite of three saints in the calendar, one of papal dignity, be almost unused in the West, except in Bavaria, whilst the feminine, borne by two virgin martyrs, is prevalent everywhere, and chiefly in Ireland. England once used the name more than at present, and then Anglicized it into Anstace. Anstiss, Anstish, Anstyce, all occur frequently as female names in the elder pages of a Devonshire parish register, where Anstice is now a surname. Anstis Squire is in the Froxfield register in 1587, and the name must once have been much more usual.

French.	Italian.	Polish.	Bavarian.
Anastase	Anastagio	Anastazij	Anastasl
			Stas
			Stasl
			Stasi
FEMININE.
English.	Irish.	French.	Russian.
Anastasia	Anastasia	Anastasie	Anastasia
Anstace	Anty		Nastassja
	Stacy		Nastenka

Amongst these well-chosen baptismal titles may be mentioned Ζωή (Life), no doubt given as meaning that the principle of Eternal Life was then implanted. It is strange that neither the Eastern nor Western calendar shows a Zoë, though a woman thus entitled was said to have been cured of dumbness by a miracle of St. Sebastian, and afterwards to have been the first of the martyrs in the persecution in which he died, about the year 286. After this, Zoë became frequent among the women of the Greek Church, belonging to many of the royal ladies of the Blachernal, among others to her who endeavoured to shake the constancy of the sea-king, Harald Hardrada, to his Muscovite Elisif. From the lower empire it travelled to Russia, where Zoia is at present very common, and in the time of romantic interest in the new Greek kingdom, Zoé became fashionable in France, and still is much used there.[^[42]]

[42]. Liddell and Scott; Southey, Notes to Curse of Kehama; Snorre, Sturleson, Heimskringla; Le Beau, Bas Empire.

Section VII.—Royal Names.

Σέβας (Sebas), awe or veneration, was compounded into the word Σεβαστός (Sebastos), as a translation for Augustus, the imperial title coined by Octavianus to express his own peculiar sacred majesty.

It was not, however, apparently used for the original Augustus; at least St. Luke calls him Αὔγουστος; and its technical use probably did not begin till the division of the empire by Diocletian, and his designation of two emperors as Augusti or Sebastoi, with their heirs as Cæsars.

Subsequently to this arrangement no one would have dared to assume the name so intimately connected with the jealous wearers of the purple; and, accordingly, it was a contemporary of the joint emperors, who is the martyr-saint of this name—Sebastianus, a soldier at Rome, who, when other Christians fled, remained there to encourage the flock in the first outburst of the last persecution. He endured a double martyrdom; first, by the well-known shower of arrows directed against him; and next, after his recovery under the care of a pious widow, who had carried away his supposed corpse to bury it, he defied the emperor again, and was beaten to death in the arena by clubs.

English.	French.	Italian.	Spanish.

Sebastian	Sebastien	Sebastiano	Sebastian
	Bastien	Bastiano
		Basto
Portuguese.	German.	Norse.	Bavarian.
Sebastião	Sebastian	Sebastian	Bastian
Bastiao	Bastian	Baste	Basti
Swiss.	Russian.	Slavonic.	Hungarian
Bastia	Ssevastjan	Bostjan	Sebestyen
Bastiali		Bostej
Bascho
FEMININE.
German.	French.	Russian.	Bohemian.
Sebastiane	Sebastienne	Ssevastjana	Sebesta

Devout women buried him in the catacombs, and his name slept for at least a hundred years till Pope Damasus built a church over his catacomb, which has ever since been called after him, and subsequent popes made presents of his relics to Tuscany, France, and other countries. A notion arose, Mrs. Jameson thinks, from his arrows reminding the classical world of the darts of Apollo, that he was connected with pestilence. His name is thus found all over Europe, though less commonly in England and the Protestant parts of Germany than farther south. Indeed its especial home is Portugal, where it must have been specially cherished in memory of the rash Don Sebastião, the last of the glorious House of Avis, for whose return from the fatal African campaign his country so long looked and longed.

More ancient was the term βασιλεύς (basileus), a king or prince, properly answering to the Latin rex, as did Sebastos to Augustus, but usually applied in the Greek-speaking countries to the emperor. Thence came many interesting words, such as the term used in the empire for courts of royal judgment, Basilica, whence upon their conversion into places of Christian worship, the title Basilicon became synonymous with church.

So, too, that royal-looking serpent who was supposed to wear a crown on his head, and to kill with a look, was the basilisk; and the familiar basilicon ointment was so termed as being fit for a king.

Βασίλειος (kingly) was not infrequent among the early Christians, and gained popularity through that great father of the Church, the Bishop of Neo-Cæsarea, as well as other more obscure saints. It is extremely common in the Eastern Church, and especially in Russia, where the first letter suffers the usual change into V. The feminine, Basilia, is still in use among the modern Greeks, and once even seems to have been known among English ladies, since the sister of Earl Strongbow is thus recorded in history, but its use has died away amongst us.

English.	French.	Italian.	Russian.	Polish.
Basil	Basile	Basilio	Vassilij	Bazyli
	Basine		Vasska	Illyrian.
				Vassilij
				Vaso

Section VIII.—Irene.

In heathen days Εἰρήνη (Eirene), peace, was personified and adored as a goddess; in Christian times, when peace on earth was preached, it was formed into a name—that which we know as Irene. Irene was the pious widow, whose care revived St. Sebastian after his first martyrdom, and in 303, three sisters, Agape (love), Irene, and Chionia underwent martyrdom at Thessalonica, but Irene seems to have absorbed almost all the subsequent honour, although Agapè is occasionally to be found in modern Greece, and formed the masculine surname Agapetus, once the property of a pope, and still used in Russia.

Irene was extremely frequent among the Greek empresses, and belonged to the lady who would fain have added herself to the list of Charlemagne’s many wives. Thence the Russians have it as Eereena, and in that ancient Greek colony at Sorrento, where the women’s features so strongly recall their Hellenic descent, Irene is continued as one of their baptismal names.

Thence was derived the name of the great father of the Church, Εἰρηναῖος (Eirenaios), Irenæus; but few of the fathers had popular names, and Irenæus has been little copied, except in Eastern Europe, where the Russians call it Irinej, and the Hungarians, Ernijó.

The Teuton fried and Slavonic mir have been infinitely more fruitful in names than the Greek Irene, and as to the Roman pax, its contributions to nomenclature are all posthumous.

Erasmus comes from ἰράω (íráo), to love, and is related to Eros. The first Erasmus was tortured to death in Diocletian’s persecution, at Formici, whence his relics were transferred to Gaeta, and he there became the patron of the Mediterranean sailors, who used to invoke him as St. Ermo or St. Elmo, at the approach of a storm, and he thus was thought to send the pale pure electric light that shimmers on the topmast, warning the sailor of the impending storm. The name of Erasmus was assumed by the learned Dutchman, under the belief that it translated his name of Gerhard (really spearhard), and from him Rasmus and Asmus are common in Holland, and Rasl has somehow found its way to Bavaria. Russia, too, has Jerassom, but this name lies in doubt between Erasmus and Gerasimus (the venerable), one of the early ascetics of Palestine.

Gelasius, the laugher, was the name of a pope, and for that reason was considered as appropriate and ecclesiastical. It has had the strange lot of being used in Ireland as the substitute for their native name of Giolla Iosa, or servant of Jesus, and was actually so used by the Primate reigning at the time of the English annexation of Ireland.[^[43]]

[43]. Le Beau; Smith; Michaelis.

Section IX.—Gregorios.

Γρηγόριος (Gregorios), came from γρηγορέω, a late and corrupt form of the verb ἐγείρω (to wake or watch). A watchman was a highly appropriate term for a shepherd of the Church, and accordingly Gregorios was frequent among early bishops. Gregorios Nazianzen the friend of St. Basil, Gregorios Thaumaturgos or the wonder-worker, and others of the same high fame, contributed to render it highly popular in the East, and in the West it was borne by the great pope, for whose sake it became a favourite papal title, so that it has been borne by no less than sixteen occupants of the chair of St. Peter.

It has, however, been far less popular among those who own their sway than among the Eastern Christians who are free from it, and though we find it in Scandinavia, this is only as a modernization of the Norse Grjotgard, while the Macgregors of Scotland draw their descent not from Gregory, but from Grig or Gairig, a Keltic word meaning the fierce.[^[44]]

English.	French.	Italian.	Danish.
Gregory	Gregoire	Gregorio	Gregos
	German.		Gregus
	Gregor		Swedish.
	Gregus		Greis
	Gregoire
Russian.	Polish.	Bohemian.	Slavonic.
Grigorij	Grzegorz	Rehor	Gregor
Grischa			Grega
			Gorej
Illyrian.	Lett.	Lithuanian.	Hungarian.
Gregorije	Grigg	Greszkus	Gergelj
Gerga		Grygallis	Gero

[44]. Michaelis; Butler.

Section X.—Georgos.

The Maronite Christians have a tradition that Georgos was a Christian sentinel at Damascus, who connived at the escape of St. Paul, when he was let down in the basket, and was therefore put to death; but whether this be true or false, among what may be called the allegorical saints of the Greek Church, one of the most noted is our own patron Γῆ (Ge), earth, and ἔργω (ergo), anciently Γέργω (fergo), descended from the same source as our own verbs to work and to urge, formed Γεωργός (earthworker or husbandman). A Cappadocian saint and martyr, of whom nothing was known but that he had been a soldier and died in the last persecution, bore the name of Georgios, and was deeply reverenced in the East, where Constantine erected a church in his honour at Byzantium. As in the case of St. Christopher, and probably of St. Alexis, this honoured name became the nucleus of the allegory, of the warrior saint contending with the dragon, and delivering the oppressed Church, and of course the lovers of marvel turned the parable into substance. In 494, Pope Gelasius tried to separate the true Georgius from the legend, which he omitted from the offices of the Church, but popular fancy was too strong for the pope, and the story was carried on till the imaginations of the Crusaders before Jerusalem fixed upon St. George as the miraculous champion whom they beheld fighting in their cause, as Santiago had done for Galicia. Thereby Burgundy and Aquitaine adopted him as their patron saint; and the Burgundian Henry carried him to Portugal, and put that realm under his protection; as a hundred years later Richard I. did by England, making “St. George for merry England” the most renowned of battle-cries. From Burgundy he was taken by the Germans as a patron; and Venice, always connected with Greece, already glorified him as her patron, so that “In the name of St. George and St. Michael I dub thee knight,” was the formulary throughout half Europe, and no saint had so many chivalrous orders instituted in his honour.

Still the name was less early used in the West than might have been expected, perhaps from the difficulty of pronunciation. Georgios always prevailed in the East, and came to Scotland in the grand Hungarian importation, with the ancestor of the House of Drummond, who bear three wavy lines on their shield in memory of a great battle fought by the side of a river in Hungary, before the Atheling family were brought back to England, attended by this Hungarian noble. On the usurpation of Harold, he fled with them to Scotland, and there founded a family where the Eastern Christian name of George has always been an heir-loom. It was probably from the same Hungarian source that Germany first adopted Georg, or Jürgen, as it is differently spelt, and thence sent it to England with the House of Brunswick; for, in spite of George of Clarence, brother of Edward IV., and a few other exceptions, it had been an unusual name previously, and scarcely a single George appears in our parish registers before 1700, although afterwards it multiplied to such an extent as to make it doubtful whether George, John, or Charles be the most common designation of Englishmen.

The feminine is quite a modernism. The first English lady on record, so called, was a godchild of Anne of Denmark, who caused her to be christened Georgia Anna. The name had, however, previously existed on the Continent.

Venice took its Giorgio direct from Greece, but the name was not popular elsewhere in Italy; and at Cambrai, an isolated instance occurs in the year 1300, nor has it ever been common in France. The Welsh Urien (Uranius) descends from heaven to earth by considering George as his equivalent. The Irish translate the name into Keltic as Seoirgi.[^[45]]

English.	Scotch.	French.	Italian.

George	George	Georges	Giorgio
Georgy	Geordie	Georget
Spanish.	Portuguese.	Wallachian.	Provençal
Jorge	Jorge	Georgie	Jortz
	Jorgezinho
German.	Frisian.	Bavarian.	Swiss.
Georg	Jurgen	Görgel	Jörg
Jurgen	Jurn	Gergel
Swedish.	Danish.	Dutch.	Russian.
Göran	Georg	Georgius	Gayeirgee
	Jorgen	Joris	Georgij
		Jurriaan	Jurgi
		Jurria	Egor
			Egorka
Polish.	Bohemian.	Slavonic.	Illyrian.
Jerzy	Jiri	Jurg	Giuraj
		Jurck	Giuro
			Giuko
			Djuradj
			Djurica
			Juro
			Jurica
Lusatian.	Lett.	Lithuanian.	Esthonian.
Juro	Jorrgis	Jurgis	Jurn
Jurko	Jurrusch	Jurguttis
FEMININE.
English.	French.	German.	Portuguese.
Georgiana	Georgine	Georgine	Georgeta
Georgina	Georgette		Illyrian.
			Gjurjija
			Gjurgjinka

[45]. Liddell and Scott; Jameson; Butler; Michaelis; O'Donovan.

Section XI.—Barbara.

Of the four great virgin saints, revered with almost passionate affection in the Roman Catholic Church, each has been made the representative of an idea. Probably Agnes, Barbara, Katharine, and Margaret were veritable maidens who perished in the early persecutions, and whose lives, save for some horrible incident in their tortures, were unknown; but around them crystallized the floating allegories of the Church, until Agnes became the representative of the triumph of innocence, Margaret of the victory through faith, Katharine of intellectual, and Barbara of artistic devotion. There was a speedy lapse from the allegory to the legend, just as of old, from the figure to the myth; and the virgins' popularity in all countries depended, not on their shadowy names in the calendar, but on the implicitly credited tales of wonder connected with them.

Barbara was said to be a maiden of Heliopolis, whose Christianity was revealed by her insisting that a bath-chamber should be built with three windows instead of two, in honour of the chief mystery of the Creed. Her cruel father beheaded her with his own hands, and was immediately destroyed by thunder and lightning. Here, of course, was symbolized the consecration of architecture and the fine arts to express religious ideas, and St. Barbara became the patroness of architects, and thence of engineers, and the protectress from thunder and its mimic, artillery. The powder room in a French ship is still known as la sainte Barbe. Her name has thus been widely spread, though chiefly among the daughters of artificers and soldiers, seldom rising to princely rank. Barbara is the feminine of βάρβαρος (a stranger), the term applied by the Greeks to all who did not speak their own tongue. Horne Tooke derives it from the root bar (strong), and thinks it a repetition of the savage people’s own reduplicated bar-bar (very strong); but it is far more probably an imitation of the incomprehensible speech of the strangers; as, in fact, the Greeks seem rather to have applied it first to the polished Asiatic, who would have given them less the idea of strength than the Scyth or the Goth, to whose language bar belonged in the sense of force or opposition. It is curious to observe how, in modern languages, the progeny of the Latin barbarus vary between the sense of wild cruelty and mere rude ignorance, or ill-adapted splendour.

English.	Scotch.	French.	Italian.
Barbara	Babie	Barbe	Barbara
Bab
Barbary
Danish.	German.	Swiss.	Russian.
Barbraa	Barbara	Baba	Varvara
	Barbeli	Babali	Varinka
	Barbechen	Babeli
Slavonic.	Illyrian.	Bohemian.	Lusatian.
Barbara	Barbara	Barbora	Baba
Barba	Varvara		Babuscha
Barbica	Bara
	Vara
	Barica
Lett.	Lithuanian.	Hungarian.
Barbule	Barbe	Borbola
Barbe	Barbutte	Boris
Babbe

The true old English form is Barbary. It appears thus in all the unlatinized pedigrees and registers; and the peasantry still call it so, though unluckily it is generally turned into Barbara in writing.[^[46]]

[46]. Jameson; Horne Tooke; Michaelis.

Section XII.—Agnes.

The word ἄγος (agos), a thing to which religious awe attaches, gave the adjective ἄγνος (agnos), sacred or pure, whence was named the tree whose twigs the Greek matrons strewed on their beds during the festival of Demeter, and which the Romans called by a reduplication of its title in both languages, the Agnus Castus. Agnus, the Latin for a lamb, is said to have come from the consecration of those creatures to sacred purposes; and thence, too, came Agnes, the name of the gentle Roman maiden, the place of whose martyrdom named the church of Sant' Agnese. It is said to have been built by Constantine the Great only a few years after her death, on the spot where she was put to the utmost proof; and it retains an old mosaic, representing her veiled only by her long hair, and driven along by two fierce soldiers.

Another very ancient church of Sant' Agnese covers the catacomb where she was interred, and she has always been a most popular saint both in the East and West, but most especially at her native city. There a legend became current, probably from her name, that as her parents and other Christians were weeping over her grave in the catacomb, she suddenly stood before them all radiant in glory, and beside her a lamb of spotless whiteness. She assured them of her perfect bliss, encouraged them, and bade them weep no more; and thus in all later representations of her, a lamb has always been her emblem, though it does not appear in the numerous very early figures of her that are still preserved.

A saint who was the object of so many legends could not fail of numerous votaries, and Agnes was common in England and Scotland, and was a royal name in France and Germany. The Welsh form is Nest. A Welsh Nest was the mother of Earl Robert of Gloucester. Iñes, as the Spaniards make it, indicating the liquid sound of the gn by the cedilla, gained a mournful fame in Portugal by the fate of Iñez de Castro, and Iñesila has been derived from it, while the former English taste for stately terminations to simple old names made the word Agneta. It is more common in Devonshire than in other counties. In Durham, there is a curious custom of calling any female of weak intellect, “a Silly Agnes.” Italy has invented the masculine Agnolo and Agnello, often confounded with Angelo, and used as its contraction.[^[47]]


English.	Welsh.	Manx.	French.
Agnes	Nest	Nessie	Agnes
Aggie			Agnies
Agneta
Italian.	Spanish.	Portugues	Swedish.
Agnese	Ines	Inez	Agnes
Agnete	Inesila		Agneta
Agnesca
Danish.	Russian.	Polish.	Slavonic.
Agnes	Agnessa	Agnizka	Neza
Agnete	Agnessija	Bohemian.	Nezika
		Anezka
Servian.	Lett.	Esthonian	Lithuanian.
Janja	Agnese	Neto	Agnyta
Lusatian.	Nese
Hanza

[47]. Jameson; Brand, Popular Antiquities; Liddell and Scott; Michaelis.

Section XIII.—Margaret.

No name has been the occasion of more pretty fancies than Μαργαρίτης (a pearl), itself taken from the Persian term for the jewel, Murvarid (child of light), in accordance with the beauteous notion that the oysters rising to the surface of the water at night and opening their shells in adoration, received into their mouths drops of dew congealed by the moon-beams into the pure and exquisite gem, resembling in its pure pale lustre nothing so much as the moon herself, “la gran Margherita,” as Dante calls her. The thought of the pearl of great price, and of the pearl gates of the celestial city, no doubt inspired the Christian choice of Margarite for that child of light of the city of Antioch in Pisidia, whose name as virgin martyr standing in the Liturgy without any authentic history, became, before the fifth century, the recipient of the allegory of feminine innocence and faith overcoming the dragon, even as St. George embodied the victory of the Christian warrior. Greek though the legend were, as well as the name, neither flourished in the Eastern Church; but Cremona laid claim to the maiden’s relics, and Hungary in its first Christianity eagerly adopted her name, and reckons two saints so called in the eleventh century, besides having sent forth the sweet Margaret Ætheling, the wife of Malcolm Ceanmohr, the gentle royal saint of the Grace Cup, who has made hers the national Scottish female name. From Scotland it went to Norway with the daughter of Alexander III., whose bridal cost the life of Sir Patrick Spens; and it had nearly come back again from thence with her child, the Maid of Norway; but the Maid died on the voyage, and Margaret remained in Scandinavia to be the dreaded name of the Semiramis of the North, and was taken as the equivalent of Astrid and of Grjotgard. From Cremona Germany learnt to know the child-like Margarethe, one of the saints and names most frequently occurring there; and Provence, then an integral part of the Holy Roman Empire, likewise adopted her. From her was called the eldest of the four heiresses of Provence, who married St. Louis, leaving Marguérite to numerous French princesses. Her niece, the daughter of Henry III., was the first English Margaret; but the name was re-imported from France in the second wife of Edward I., and again in Margaret of Anjou, from whom was called Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII., and founder of the Lady Margaret professorship.

In her grand-daughter, Margaret Tudor, it ceased to be royal in England, though it had taken root among the northern part of the population, while, strangely enough, it hardly ever occurs among the southern peasantry. The Italian reverence for Margherita, or Malgherita, as they called her, was increased by the penitence of Margherita of Cortona, whose repentance became so famed that she was canonized. Many are the contractions of this favourite name, since it is too long for the popular mouth. The oldest is probably the Scottish Marjorie, as Bruce’s daughter was called, and which cut down into Maisie, the “proud Maisie” of the ballad, and later into Mysie, and was treated as a separate name. Mr. Lower tells us that the surname of Marjoribanks is derived from the barony of Raltio, granted to Marjorie Bruce on her marriage with the High Steward of Scotland. Margaret turned into Meg before the time of “Muckle-moued Meg of the Border,” and this as well as Maggie was shared with England, which likewise had Margery and Marget, as well as the more vulgar Peggy and Gritty, and likewise Madge.

The French contraction was in the sixteenth century Margot, according to the epitaph, self-composed, of the Austrian, Flemish, or French damsel, who was so nearly Queen of Spain:

“Ci gît Margot, la gentille demoiselle,

Qui a deux maris et encore est pucelle.”

But Gogo is not an improvement. Marcharit is the Breton form.

In Germany Grethel figures in various ‘Mahrchen,’ but Gretchen is now most common, and is rendered classical by Goethe. Mete in the time of Klopstock’s sway over the lovers of religious poetry was very fashionable; and Meta almost took up her abode in England, though the taste for simplicity has routed her of late.

Denmark, where the Semiramis of the North has domesticated the name, calls it Mette and Maret, and places it in many a popular tale and ballad as Metelill, or little Margaret.

Even the modern German Jews use it and call it Marialit; and the Vernacular Gaelic contraction used in Ireland is Vread, though Mairgreg is the proper form.[^[48]]

English.	Scotch.	French.	Italian.
Margaret	Margaret	Marguérite	Margherita
Margaretta	Marjorie	Margot	Malgherita
Margery	Maisie	Margoton	Ghita
Maggy	Maidie	Goton	Rita
Meggy	Maggie	Gogo
Madge	Meg
Marget	May
Peggy
Gritty
Meta
Spanish.	German.	Swiss.	Danish.
Margarita	Margarethe	Margarete	Margarete
Portuguese.	Grete	Gretli	Mette
Margarida	Gretchen		Maret
	Grethe		Melletel
	Grethel
	Grel
	Marghet
	Mete
Polish.	Bohemian.	Slavonic.	Finland.
Margareta	Markota	Marjarita	Reta
Malgorzata		Marjeta
Malgosia
Lett.	Esthonian.	Lithuanian.	Hungarian.
Margrete	Maret	Magryta	Margarta
Greta	Kret	Gryta	Margit
Maije	Krot	Greta
Madsche

[48]. Reeves, Conchology; Liddell and Scott; Butler; Michaelis; Grimm; Weber, Northern Romance.

Section XIV.—Katharine.

The maiden martyr, whose name was chosen as the centre of the allegory of intellectual religion, was Καθαρινή (Kathariné), Catharina in Latin, from a virgin martyr of Alexandria, whose history being unknown, became another recipient of a half-allegorical legend. It is not found recorded earlier than the eighth century, and, indeed, the complete ignorance of the state of the Roman empire, shown by making her the daughter of a king of Egypt, argues its development at a very late period. Her exceeding wisdom, her heavenly espousals, her rejection of the suit of Maximus, the destruction of the wheels that were to have torn her in pieces, her martyrdom by the sword, and the translation of her body by angels to Mount Sinai, are all familiar through the numerous artistic works that have celebrated her. The legend is thought to have grown up to its full height among the monks of the convent that bears her name at the foot of Mount Sinai. And the many pilgrims thither had the zest of a new and miraculous legend, such as seems always to have been more popular than the awful truth beside which it grew up; but it never obtained credit enough in the East to make Katharina come into use as a name in the Greek Church, and it was only when the Crusaders brought home the story that it spread in ballad and mystery throughout the West. Indeed, the name did not prevail till it had been borne by the Italian devotee, Santa Caterina of Sienna, who tried to imagine the original Katharina’s history renewed in herself, and whose influence is one of the marvels of the middle ages. Before this, however, the fair Katharine, Countess of Salisbury, had been the heroine of the Garter, and John of Gaunt had named the daughter, who, as Queen of Castille, made Catalina a Spanish name, whence it returned to us again with Katharine of Aragon; but in the mean time Catherine de Valois, the Queen of Henry V., had brought it again from France.

The cause of the various ways of spelling this word would appear to be that the more ancient English made no use of the letter K, which only came in with printing and the types imported from Germany. Miss Catherine Fanshaw wrote a playful poem in defence of the commencement with C, avouching K to be no Saxon letter, and referring to the shrewish Katharina and the Russian empress as examples of the bad repute of the K; but her argument breaks down, since the faithful Spanish Catalina, as English queen, wrote herself Katharine, while the ‘Shrew’ in Italy could only have been Caterina, and the Russian empress is on her coins Ekaterina. On the whole, Katherine would seem properly to be a namesake of the Alexandrian princess, Catherine, the Votaress of Sienna. No name is more universal in all countries and in all ranks, partly from its own beauty of sound, partly from association, and none has more varied contractions. Our truest old English ones are Kate and Kitty—the latter was almost universal in the last century, though now supplanted by the Scottish Katie and the graceful Irish Kathleen.

Catherine has even produced a masculine name. Perhaps Anne and Mary are the only others which have been thus honoured; but the sole instance is Caterino or Catherin Davila, the historian, who had the misfortune to have Catherine de Medici for his godmother.


English.	Scotch.	Irish.	Welsh.
Katharine	Catharine	Kathleen	Cathwg
Catherine	Katie	Katty
Catharina	Dutch.		Bret.
Kate	Kaat		Katel
Kitty	Kaatje		Katelik
Katrine
French.	Portuguese.	Spanish.	Italian.
Cathérine	Catharine	Catalina	Caterina
Catant
Caton
Gaton
Trinette
Cataut
Swedish.	Danish.	German.	Dantzic.
Katarina	Kathrina	Katharine	Trien
Kajsa	Karina	Kathchen	Kasche
Kolina	Karen	Kathe
	Kasen	Thrine
Bavarian.	Swiss.	Russian.	Polish.
Katrine	Kathri	Ekaterina	Katarnyna
Kadreinl	Kathrili	Katinka	Kasia
Treinel	Tri	Katinsha
Kadl	Trili	Katja
Kattel	Trine
Ketterle	Hati
	Hatili
Slovak.	Illyrian.	Esthonian.	Hungarian.
Katrina	Katarina	Katri	Katalin
Katra	Katica	Kaddo	Kati
Katrej		Kats	Katicza

Section XV.—Harvest Names.

From θέρω (to heat) was derived θέρος (summer), which, in sunny Greece, came likewise to mean the summer crop, just as in Germany Herbst serves for both autumn and harvest. θερίζω (to reap or gather in the crop), and from this verb comes the pretty feminine Theresa, the reaper. “The first to bear the predestined name of Theresa,” as Montalembert says, was a Spanish lady, the wife of a Roman noble called Paulinus, both devotees under the guidance of St. Jerome, whose writings most remarkably stamped the memory of his friends upon posterity; and this original Theresa was copied again and again by her own countrywomen, till we find Teresa on the throne of Leon in the tenth century. The name was confined to the Peninsula until the sixteenth century, when that remarkable woman, Saint Teresa, made the Roman Catholic Church resound with the fame of her enthusiastic devotion. The Spanish connection of the House of Austria rendered it a favourite with the princesses both of Spain and Germany. The Queen of Louis XIV. promoted it in France as Thérèse, and it is specially common in Provence as Térézon, for short, Zon. The empress-queen greatly added to its fame; and it is known everywhere, though more in Roman Catholic countries and families than elsewhere. That it nowhere occurs in older English pedigrees is one of the signs that it was the property of a saint whose claims to reverence began after the Reformation.

English.	French.	Portuguese.	Spanish.
Theresa	Thérèse	Theresa	Teresa
Terry	Térézon		Teresita
Tracy	Zon
Italian.	German.	Hamburg.	Bavaria.
Teresa	Theresia	Tresa	Res’l
Teresina		Trescha
Bohemian.	Slavonic.	Illyrian.	Hungarian.
Terezie	Terezija	Tereza	Terezia
		Terza	Threzsi

The real popularity of the word, witnessed by its many changes of sound, is, be it observed, in those Eastern domains of the empress where her noble spirit won all hearts to the well-remembered cry “Moriamur pro Rege nostrâ Maria Theresa.”

Eustaches has already been explained as one of these harvest names. And to these may be added that of the old Cypriot shepherd hermit Σπυρίδων (Spiridōn), from σπυρίς (a round basket). He was afterwards a bishop, and one of the fathers of Nicea, then going home, died at a great age, asleep in his corn field; in honour of whom Spiridione, or Spiro, as the Italianized Greeks call it, is one of the most popular of all names in the Ionian Islands, and has the feminine Spira.[^[49]]

[49]. Liddell and Scott; Montalembert; Surius; Anderson, Genealogies.

Section XVI.—Names from Jewels.

Margaret, which has been spoken of elsewhere, is the most noted of jewel names, and it probably suggested the few others that have prevailed.

Σμάραγδος (Smaragdos) is supposed to have been named from μαίρω or μαρμαίρω (to twinkle or sparkle), whence the dog-star was called Μαῖρα (Maira). This beauteous precious stone, bearing the colour of hope, was further recommended to Christians because the rainbow of St. John’s vision was “in sight like unto an emerald.” Thus, Smaragdos was one of the early martyrs; and the same occurs occasionally in early times, once as an exarch of Ravenna; but it was never frequent enough to be a recognized name, except in two very remote quarters, namely, as the Spanish Esmeralda and the Cornish Meraud, the last nearly, if not quite, extinct.

The Sapphire was erased for ever from the nomenclature of Christians by the fate of the unhappy Sapphira, except that Σαπφήρω (Sapphēro), a name thus derived, is used among the modern Greeks of the Ionian Islands; and so also is Διαμάντω (Diamanto).

For want of a better place, the Italian name Gemma must here be mentioned, though purely Latin, and coming from a word meaning the young crimson bud of a tree, though since used for a gem or jewel. In Erse Gemlorg, gem-like, is almost exactly the same in sound and spirit.

Moreover, both precious metals are used as female names in modern Greece, Ἀργύρω (Argyro), silver, connecting itself with the Arianwen, or silver lady, of Wales; and Χρυσωῦχα (Chrysoucha) from Χρυσός (Chrysós), gold. This latter word has formed many other names, beginning from Chryses and his daughter Chryseis, whose ransom was the original cause of “Achilles' wrath of mighty woes the spring.” In the soubriquet of Chrysostomos, or Golden Mouth, we have already seen it, and it is found also in Χρύσανθος (Chrysanthos), golden flower, the husband of Saint Daria, in whose honour prevails the Bavarian Chrysanth or Santerl.

Muriel, an old English name, comes from μύρον (myrrh). Both it and Meriel were once common, and have lately been revived.[^[50]]

[50]. Smith, Life of Chaucer; Butler; Michaelis.

Section XVII.—Kosmos and Damianos.

The pursuit of the relics of saints had already begun even in the fourth century. No church was thought thoroughly consecrated save by the bones of some sainted Christian, and it was during the first fervour that led men to seek the bodies of the martyrs in their hiding-places, that St. Ambrose discovered the bodies of two persons at Milan, whom a dream pronounced to be Kosmos and Damianos, two martyred Christians.

They, of course, were placed among the patrons of Milan, and their names became favourites in Italy. Kosmos originally meant order; but, having been applied to the order of nature, has in our day come usually to mean the universe.

Cosimo, or Cosmo, as the Italians called it, was used at Milan and Florence, where it gained renown in the person of the great man who made the family of Medici eminent, and who prepared the way for their aspirations to the elevation that proved their bane and corruption. France calls the word Côme without using it as a name, and Russia adopts it as Kauzma.

Damianos was from the verb δαμάω, identical with our own tame, which we have already seen in composition. He had a good many chivalrous namesakes, as Damiano, Damiao, Damien, and the Russians call him Demjan. The old Welsh Dyfan is another form strangely changed by pronunciation.

Section XVIII.—Alethea, &c.

Ἀλήθεια (Aletheia), truth, came from α and λήθω (to hide), and thus means openness and sincerity.

When it first came to be used as a name is not clear. Aletha, of Padua, appears in 1411; and the princess, on whose account Charles I., when Prince of Wales, made his journey to Spain, was Doña Maria Aletea. About that time Alethea made her appearance in the noble family of Saville, and either to a real or imaginary Alethea were addressed the famous lines of the captive cavalier:—

“Stone walls do not a prison make,

Nor iron bars a cage.”

Moreover, in 1669, Alethea Brandling, at the age of nine, was married to one Henry Hitch, esq., and the name occurs several times in Durham pedigrees.

As far as the English Alethea is concerned, she is probably the alteration of an Irish name, for she chiefly belongs to the other island, and is there called Letty. What feminine it was meant to translate must be uncertain, perhaps Tuathflaith (the noble lady). Tom Moore called his Egyptian heroine Atethe, from the adjective, and this has been in consequence sometimes used as a name.

The name Althea must not be confounded with it. This last is Ἄλθεια (wholesome). It belonged of old to the unfortunate mother of Meleager, and now designates a genus of mallows, in allusion to their healing power.

We find the prefix πρό, forming part of the word προκοπή (progress), whence the name Προκόπιος (Prokopios); in Latin, Procopius, progressive. It was the name of a martyr under Diocletian, in Palestine, and is a favourite in the Greek Church. The short-lived successor of Jovian was so called; also the great Byzantine historian; and now Prokopij is very common among the Russian clergy; and Prokop or Prokupek has found its way into Bohemia. Russia, likewise, uses in the form of Prokhor, the name of Próchorus (Πρόχορας), one of the seven deacons, and much Græcized indeed must the imaginations of his Jewish parents have been when they gave him such an appellation, signifying the leader of the choral dances in the Greek theatres.

PART IV.

CHAPTER I.
LATIN NOMENCLATURE.

Hitherto we have had to deal with names at once explained by the language of those who originally bore them. With a very few exceptions, chiefly in the case of traditional deities, the word has only to be divided into its component parts, and its meaning is evident, and there was a constant fabrication of fresh appellations in analogy with the elder ones, and suited to the spirit of the times in which they were bestowed.

But on passing the Gulf of Adria we come upon a nation of mingled blood, and even more mingled language, constantly in a condition of change; their elder history disguised by legends, their ancient songs unintelligible to the very persons who sang them, their very deities and rites confused with those of Greece, till they were not fully understood even by their most cultivated men; and their names, which were not individual but hereditary, belonging to forgotten languages, and often conveying no signification to their owner.

The oldest inhabitants of Italy are thought to have been Pelasgi, which is argued, among other causes, from the structure of the language resembling the Greek, and from the simple homely terms common to both; but while the Pelasgi of the Eastern Peninsula became refined and brought to perfection by the Hellenes, the purest tribe of their own race, those of the Western Peninsula were subjected to the influence of various other nations. In the centre of Italy the Pelasgians appear to have been overrun by a race called Oscans, Priscans, or Cascans, who became fused with them, and called themselves Prisci Latini, and their country Latium or Lavinium. Their tongue was the elder Latin, and the Oscan is believed to have supplied the element which is not Greek, but has something in common both with Kelt and Teuton. These Latins were, there can be no doubt, the direct ancestors of the Romans, whose political constitution, manners, and language, were the same, only in an advanced condition.

Roman legend and poetry brought the fugitive Æneas from Troy to conquer Latium, and found Alba Longa; and after the long line of Alban kings, the twins, Romulus and Remus, founded the City of the Seven Hills, and filled it with Latins, i. e. the mixed Pelasgic and Oscan race of Latium. The first tribe of pure Oscans who came in contact with the Romans were the Sabines, who, after the war begun by the seizure of the Sabine women, made common cause with Rome, and thus contributed a fresh Oscan element to both blood and language. The Oscan race extended to the South, divided into many tribes, and their language was spoken in a pure state by the southern peasantry far on into Roman history. The numerous Greek colonies which caused the South to be termed Magna Græcia, became in time mingled with the Oscans, and gave the whole of Apulia, Bruttium, and Calabria, a very different character from that of central Italy.

Northward of Latium was the powerful and mysterious race calling themselves the Raseni, and known to the Romans as Tusci. They are usually called Etruscans, and their name still survives in that of Tuscany. They are thought by some to have been Keltic, but their tongue is not sufficiently construed to afford proof, and their whole history is lost. Their religion and habits were unlike those of their Roman neighbours, and they were in a far more advanced state of civilization. In the time of Tarquinius Priscus they obtained considerable influence over Rome, many of whose noblest works were Etruscan; and though this power was lost in the time of Tarquinius Superbus, and long wars were waged between Rome and Etruria, the effects of their intercourse lasted, and many institutions were traceable to the Etruscan element. Of the Roman families, some considered themselves descended from different Latin tribes, others from Sabines, others from Etruscans; and their genealogy was carefully observed, as their political position depended upon it.

Their nomenclature was, in fact, the immediate parent of our own.

Every Roman citizen had necessarily two names. The second of these was the important one which marked his hereditary position in the state, and answered to our surname. It was called the nomen, or name, par excellence, and was inherited from his father, belonging also to the entire gens, or tribe, who considered themselves to have a common ancestor, and who, all alike, whether wealthy or otherwise, took the rank of their gens, whether patrician, equitial, or plebeian. The daughters of the gens were called by the feminine of its name, and sometimes took that of the gens of their husband, but this was not always the custom.

Besides these large tribes, there were lesser ones of families. If an ancestor had acquired an additional appellation, whether honourable or ludicrous, it passed to all his male descendants, thus distinguishing them from the rest of their gens, and was called the cognomen. For instance, after Marcus Manlius had saved the capitol, Capitolinus would be the cognomen not merely of himself but of his posterity.

Clients and freedmen took the gentile name of their patron, and when the freedom of Rome was granted to a stranger, he took the gentile name of him from whom it was received, thus infinitely spreading the more distinguished nomina of the later republic and early empire, and in the Romanized countries gradually becoming the modern hereditary surname, the convenience of the family distinction causing it to be gradually adopted by the rest of the world. When the last of a gens adopted the son of another clan to continue his line, the youth received the nomen and one or more cognomina of his new gens, but brought in that of his old one with the augmentative anus. As for instance, Publius Æmilius Paullus being adopted by Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, became Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Æmilianus, and his daughter was simply Cornelia. Again, Caius Octavius, as adopted into the Julian gens, became Caius Julius Cæsar Octavius; and the emperors being all adopted, arrived at such a multitude of names that the accumulation was entirely useless, and they were called by a single one.

Added to all these family names, each man had his own individual name, which was bestowed in later times, or more properly registered when, at the age of fourteen, he laid aside the childish tunic and bulla, or golden ball, which he had worn from infancy, put off the toga prætextala, and assumed the toga virilis, or manly gown, white edged with purple, which was the regular official Roman dress. In the latter days, the prænomen was given on the eighth day, with a lustratio or washing of the infant. There was a very small choice of Roman prænomina, not above seventeen; an initial was sufficient to indicate which might be intended, nor did ladies receive their feminines in the earlier times. By which name a man might be called was arbitrary; the gentile name was the distinction of rank, and perhaps the most commonly used by his acquaintance, unless the tribe were very large, when the cognomen would be used; and among brothers the prænomen was brought in first as the Christian name is with us. The great Marcus Tullius Cicero was called Cicero by those who only knew him politically, while to his correspondents he was Tullius; his son, of the same name, was termed Marcus Cicero; his brother, Quintus Cicero; and Caius Julius Cæsar figures in contemporary correspondence as C. Cæsar.

In Christian times, the lustratio at the giving of the prænomen became Holy Baptism, thus making our distinction between baptismal and hereditary names. The strict adherence to the old prænomina had been already broken into, especially in favour of women, who had found the universal gentile name rather confusing, and had added to it feminine prænomina or agnomina, had changed it by diminution or augmentation, or had taken varieties from the other gentes to which they were related. Christianity had given individuality to woman, and she was no longer No. 1, or No. 2, the property of the gens. Significant names, Greek names, or saintly ones were chosen as prænomina, and the true Christian name grew up from the old Roman seventeen. Besides these, the numerous slaves, who formed a large part of the Roman population, had each a single name. Some of these were in their own language, disguised by Latin pronunciation; others were called by Greek or Latin words; others bore their masters' names. Many of these slaves were among the martyrs of the Church, and their names were bestowed on many an infant Christian. Others were afterwards formed from significant Latin words, but far fewer than from Greek words, the rigid hereditary customs of Latin nomencloture long interfering with the vagaries of invention, and most of these later not being far removed from classical Latinity.

It should be observed that the original Latin word, especially if descriptive or adjectival, usually ends in us, representing the Greek ος, and in the oblique cases becoming i and o—in the vocative e. When it was meant to signify one of or belonging to this first, the termination was ius—thus from Tullus comes one belonging to Tullus—Tullius, in the vocative i; and again, one of the gens adopted into another, would become Tullianus,—Tullus, Tullius, Tullianus. The diminutive would be illus, or iolus, and in time became a separate name: Marcus, Marcius, Marcianus, Marcellus. In the adoption of Latin by the barbarous nations, the language was spoken without the least attention to declension; the Italians and Spanish used only the dative termination, making all their words end in o; but the former preserving the nominative plural i, and the latter the accusative plural os, while the French stopped short at the simple elementary word, and while finishing it in writing with an e, discarded all pronunciation of its termination. The vocative was their favourite case in pronunciation, and has passed to us in our usual terminal y. The a of feminine names was retained by Italy and Spain; cut off by France, Germany, and England.[^[51]]

[51]. Niebuhr, Rome; Arnold, Rome; Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities; Max Müller.

CHAPTER II.
LATIN PRÆNOMINA.

Section I.—Aulus, Caius, Cnæus, Cæso.

For the sake of convenient classification, it may be best to begin the Latin names with the original prænomina and their derivatives, few in number as they are, and their origin involved in the dark antiquity of the Roman pre-historic times. The chief light thrown upon them is in a work entitled De Factis Dictisque Memorabilibus, compiled by one Marcus Valerius Maximus, in the Augustan age, to which is appended a dissertation on Roman prænomina of doubtful authorship; but whether this be by Valerius himself, or by his abridger and imitator, it is the earliest information we possess as to these home appellations of the stern conquerors of the world.

Caius, or Caiius as the elders spelt it, was one of the most common of all Roman prænomina, and was pronounced Gaius, as it is written in St. Paul’s mention of “Gaius mine host.” Men indicated it by the initial C; women who bore it, used the same C reversed (ↄ) on coins or inscriptions. Valerius, or his imitator, deduces it from gaudium parentum, the parents' joy, but it is more probably from the root-word gai. When a Roman marriage took place with the full ceremonies such as rendered divorce impossible, the names Caius and Caia always stood for those of the married pair in the formulary of prayer uttered over them while they sat on two chairs with the skin of the sheep newly sacrificed spread over their heads; and when the bride was conducted to her husband’s house, spindle and distaff in hand, she was demanded who she was, and replied, “Where thou art Caius, I am Caia;” and having owned herself his feminine, she was carried over his threshold, to prevent the ill omen of touching it with her foot, and set down on a sheepskin within. From this rite all brides were called Caiæ. It is said that it was in honour of Tanaquil, whose Roman name was Caia Cæcilia, and who was supposed to be the model Roman woman, fulfilling the epitome of duties expressed in the pithy saying, Domum mansit, lanam fecit (she staid at home and spun wool), and was therefore worshipped by Roman maids and matrons. The Romans introduced Caius into Britain, and the Sir Kay, seneschal of Arthur’s court, who appears in the romances of the Round Table, was probably taken from a British Caius; but the Highland clan, Mackay, are not sons of Caius, but of Ey.

It was probably from a word of the same source, that the Italian town and promontory of Caieta were so called, though the Romans believed the name to be taken from Caieta, the nurse of Æneas, a dame who only appears among Latin authors. The city has become Gaeta in modern pronunciation, and from it has arisen the present Italian Gaetano. Who first was thus christened does not appear, but the popularity of the name began on the canonization of Gaetano di Thienna, a Vicentine noble and monk, who, in 1524, instituted the Theatine order of monks. He himself had been called after an uncle, a canon of Padua, learned in the law; but I cannot trace Gaetano back any further. It is in right of this saint, however, that it has become a great favourite in Italy. The Portuguese call it Caetano, the Spaniards, Cajetano; the Slavonians (who must have it through Venice), Kajetan or Gajo. It was a family name in Dante’s time, and his contemporary, Pope Boniface VIII., of whom he speaks with some scorn, had been Benedetto Gaëtano.[^[52]]

English.	Welsh.	French.	Italian.
Lucy	Lleulu	Lucie	Lucia
Luce		Luce	Luzia
Lucinda
Russian.	Polish.	Hungarian.	Spanish.
Luzija	Lucya	Lucza	Lucia

[52]. Smith; Diefenbach, Celtica; Butler; Michaelis.

Section II.—Lucius.

Lux (light) gave the very favourite prænomen Lucius, one born at daylight, or, as some say, with a fair complexion. Many an L at the opening of a Roman inscription attests the frequency of this name, which seems first to have come into Rome with the semi-mythical Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and was derived from his family by the first Brutus. The feminine Lucia belonged to a virgin martyr of Syracuse, whose name of light being indicated by early painters by a lamp or by an eye, led to the legend that her beautiful eyes had been put out.

The Sicilian saints were, as has been already said, particularly popular, and Santa Lucia is not only the patroness of the Italian fishermen, and the namesake of their daughters, but she was early adopted by the Normans; and even in the time of Edward the Confessor, the daughter of the Earl of Mercia had been thus baptized, unless indeed her husband, Ivo Taillebois, translated something English into Lucia. The house of Blois were importers of saintly names, and Lucie, a sister of Stephen, was among those lost in the White Ship. The name has ever since flourished, both in England and France, but was most popular in the former during the seventeenth century, when many noble ladies were called Lucy, but poetry chose to celebrate them as Lucinda, or by some other fashionable variety of this sweet and simple word.

The lady has here had the precedence, because of her far greater popularity, but the masculine is also interesting to us. The root luc (light) is common to all the Indo-European languages; and ancient Britain is said to have had a king called Lleurwg ap Coel ap Cyllin, or Llewfer Mawr (the Great Light), who was the first to invite teachers of the Gospel to his country. He is Latinized into Lucius, and this word has again furnished the Welsh Lles. Nothing can be more apocryphal than the whole story, but it probably accounts for the use of Lucius amongst Englishmen just after the Reformation, when there was a strong desire among them to prove the conversion of their country to be anterior to the mission of Augustine. Named at this time, Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland, rendered the sound honourable, though it has not become common. Lucio, or Luzio, is hereditary in Italy. The Irish Lucius is the equivalent of the native Lachtna and Loiseach.

The Lucillian gens of the plebeian order was formed from Lucius, and thence arose Lucilla, borne by several Roman empresses, and by a local saint at Florence; and in later times considered as another diminutive of Lucy.

Lucianus, on the other hand, was a derivative, and having belonged to several saints, continued in use in Italy as Luciano or Luziano, whence Lucien the Buonaparte derived the appellation, so plainly marking him, like his brother, as an Italian Frenchified.

Luciana has continued likewise in Italy, and was anciently Lucienne in France. Perhaps the English Lucy Anne may be an imitation of it.

Lucianus contracted into Lucanus as a cognomen, and thus was named the Spanish poet, Marcus Annæus Lucanus, usually called in English Lucan; but it has a far nearer interest to us. Cognomina in anus, contracted into the Greek ας, were frequently bestowed on slaves or freed-men, especially of Greek extraction. These were often highly educated, and were the librarians, secretaries, artists, and physicians of their masters, persons of Jewish birth being especially employed in the last-mentioned capacity. Thus does the third Evangelist, the beloved physician and reputed painter, bear in his name evidence of being a Greek-speaking protégé of a Roman house, Λουκας (Lukas) being the Greek contraction of Lucanus or Lucianus. “His sound hath gone out into all lands,” and each pronounces his name in its own fashion; but he is less popular as a patron than his brethren, though more so in Italy than elsewhere.

English.	French.	Italian.	Spanish and Portuguese.
Luke	Luc	Luca	Lucas
German.	Russian.	Wallachian.	Bohemian.
Lukas	Luka	Luka	Lukas
Slavonic.	Lusatian.	Hungarian.
Lukash	Lukash	Lukacz
	Lukaschk

Lucretius, the name of a noted old gens, is probably from the same source, though some take it from lucrum (gain). “Lucrece, combing the fleece under the midnight lamp,” that fine characteristic Roman tale, furnished Shakespeare with an early poem; and Lucrezia was one of the first classic names revived by the Italians; and though borne by the notorious daughter of the Borgia, has continued fashionable with them and with the French, who make it Lucrèce; while we have now and then a Lucretia, learnt probably from the fanciful designations of the taste of the eighteenth century.[^[53]]

[53]. Smith; Butler; Kitto; Jameson.

Section III.—Marcus.

The origin of Marcus, represented by the M, so often a Roman initial, is involved in great doubt. It has been deduced from the Greek μαλακὸς (soft or tender), a very uncongenial epithet for one of the race of iron. Others derive it from mas (a male), as implying manly qualities; and others, from Mars, or more correctly, Mavers or Mamers, one of the chief of the old Latin deities. Diefenbach thinks also that it may be connected with the Keltic Marc (a horse), and with the verb to march.

It extended into all the provinces, and was that by which John, sister’s son to Barnabas, was known to the Romans. Tradition identifies him with the Evangelist, who, under St. Peter’s direction, wrote the Gospel especially intended for “strangers of Rome,” and who afterwards founded the Church of Alexandria, and gave it a liturgy. In consequence, Markos has ever since been a favourite Greek name, especially among those connected with the Alexandrian patriarchate. In the days, however, when relic-hunting had become a passion, some adventurous Venetians stole the remains of the Evangelist from the pillar in the Alexandrian church, in which they had been built up, and transferred them to Venice.

Popular imagination does not seem to have supposed the saints to have been one whit displeased at any sacrilegious robberies, for San Marco immediately was constituted the prime patron of the city; and, having been supposed to give his almost visible protection in perils by fire and flood, the Republic itself and its territory were known as his property, and the special emblem of the state was that shape among the Cherubim which had been appropriated as the token suited to his Gospel, namely, the lion with eagle’s wings, the Marzocco, as the populace termed it, and another such Marzocco figures at Florence.

Marco was the name of every fifth man at Venice, and the winged lion being the stamp on the coinage of the great merchant city, which was banker to half the world, a marc became the universal title of the piece of money which, though long disused in England, has left traces of its value in the legal fee of six-and-eightpence.

The chief popularity of the Evangelist’s name is in Italy, especially Lombardy; though the Greek Church, as in duty bound, has many a Markos, and no country has ceased to make use of it. Some, such as Niebuhr for his Roman-born son, and a few classically inclined English, have revived the ancient Marcus; but, in general, the word follows the national pronunciation.

English.	French.	Italian.	Spanish and Portuguese.
Mark	Marc	Marco	Marcos
Marcus
Esthonian and Russian	Polish and Bohemian	Lusatian.	Hungarian.
Mark	Marek	Markusch	Markus

From Marcus sprang the nomen Martius, or, as it was later written, Marcius, belonging to a very noble gens of Sabine origin, which gave a king to Rome, and afterwards was famous in the high-spirited and gentle-hearted Cnæus Marcius Coriolanus.

The daughters of this gens were called Marcia, and this as Marzia, Marcie, Marcia, has since been used as the feminine of Mark. From Martius again came Martinus, the name of the Roman soldier who divided his cloak with the beggar, and afterwards became Bishop of Tours, and completed the conversion of the Gauls. He might well be one of the favourite saints of France, and St. Martin of Tours rivalled St. Denys in the allegiance of the French, when kings and counts esteemed it an honour to belong to his chapter; and yet Martin occurs less frequently in French history than might have been expected, though it is to be found a good deal among the peasants, and is a surname. Dante speaks of Ser Martino as typical of the male gossips of Florence; and from the great prevalence of the surname of Martin in England, it would seem to have been more often given as a baptismal name. Martin was a notable king of Aragon; but zealous Romanist countries have perhaps disused Martin for the very reason that Germans love it, namely, that it belonged to “Dr. Martinus Luther,” as the learned would call the Augustinian monk, whose preachings opened the eyes of his countrymen.

English.	French.	Italian and Spanish.	Portuguese.
Martyn	Martin	Martino	Martin
	Mertin		Martinho
German.	Swiss.	Dutch.	Lett.
Martin	Märti	Martijn	Martschis
Mertil	Martili	Marten	Hungarian.
		Swedish.	Martoni
		Marten

Martina was one of the young Roman girls who endured the fiery trial of martyrdom under the Emperor Decius. Her plant is the maidenhair fern, so great an ornament to the Roman fountains; and her name, whether in her honour, or as the feminine of Martin, is occasionally found in Italy, France, and England.

Marcianus was an augmentative of Marcus, whence Marciano or Marcian were formed. Marcellus is the diminutive, and became the cognomen of the great Claudian gens. Marcus Claudius Marcellus was the conqueror of Syracuse, and the last of his direct descendants is that son of Octavia and nephew of Augustus, the prediction of whose untimely death is placed by Virgil in the mouth of his forefather, Anchises, in the Elysian Fields. St. Marcellus was a young Roman soldier who figures among the warrior saints of Venice, and now and then has a French namesake called Marcel.

Marcella was a pious widow, whose name becoming known through her friendship with St. Jerome, took the fancy of the French; and Marcelle has never been uncommon among them, nor Marcella in Ireland.

Marcellianus, another derivative from Marcellus, was the name of an early pope, whence Marcellin is common in France.

From Mars again came Marius, the fierce old warrior of terrible memory; but who, in the form of Mario, is supposed by the Italians to be the masculine of Maria, and used accordingly.[^[54]]

[54]. Smith; Diefenbach; Roscoe, History of Venice; Grimm; Transactions of Philological Society.

Section IV.—Posthumus, &c.

Posthumus is generally explained as meaning a posthumous son, from post (after) and humus (ground); born after his father was underground; but there is reason to think that it is, in fact, Postumus, a superlative adjective, formed from post, and merely signifying latest; so that it originally belonged to the son of old age, the last born of the family. It became a frequent prænomen by imitation, and in several Roman families was taken as a cognomen.

The pseudo Valerius Maximus derives Titus from the Sabine Titurius; others make it come from the Greek τίω (to honour), others from tutus (safe), the participle of tueor (to defend). It was one of the most common prænomina from the earliest times, and belonged to both father and son of the two emperors connected with the fall of Jerusalem. Both were Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus, but the elder is known to us by his cognomen, the younger by his prænomen. Titus should have been a more usual Christian name in honour of the first Bishop of Crete, but it has hardly survived, except in an occasional Italian Tito; and here Dr. Titus Oates gave it an unenviable celebrity. Tita is also sometimes used in Italy. The historian, Titus Livius, has been famous enough to have his name much maltreated, we calling him Livy, the French Tite Live.

Section V.—Numeral Names.

Thus far and no farther went Latin invention for at least seven hundred years in the way of individual domestic names. Beyond these ten, the Romans had, with a very few exceptions, peculiar to certain families, nothing but numerals for their sons; some of which became names of note from various circumstances. The words, though not often the names, have descended into almost all our modern tongues.

Primus, the superlative of præ (before), præ, prior, primus, was only used as a slave’s name, or to distinguish some person of an elder race.

Sequor (to follow) gave Secundus; the feminine of which fell sometimes to the share of daughter No. 2, to distinguish her from the elder sister, who was called by the family name. Men only had it as a cognomen, and that only in the later times. It has passed into our own tongue as well as into the more direct progeny of Latin, but Germany holds out against it. Rome likewise used Secundus in the sense of favourable, much as we speak of seconding in parliamentary language. St. Secundinus was a companion of St. Patrick, called by the Irish St. Seachnall. His disciples were christened Maol Seachlain, pupils of St. Secundinus, a name since turned into Malachi. King Malachi with the collar of gold, is truly the shaveling of the lesser follower.

Tertius barely occurs as a Roman name; but Tertia was rather more common than Secunda, and by way of endearment was called Tertulla. From this diminutive arose Tertullus and Tertullianus.

The next number is identical in all the tongues, though a most curious instance of varied pronunciation. The quadra, or four equal-sided Quartus, only occurs once in St. Paul’s writings, and so far as we know, nowhere else. Quadratus and Quartinus were late nomina.

Why Quintus should have been so much more prevalent with the Romans than the earlier numerals does not appear, but it was one of the commonest prænomina, and was always indicated by the initial Q; while the Greeks called it Κοίντος. Thence came the Quintian, or Quinctian, gens, an Alban family removed by Tullus Hostilius to Rome, so plain and stern in manners that even their women wore no gold, and principally illustrious in the person of Cæso Quinctius Cincinnatus. An obscure family named Quintianus sprung again from this gens, and in time gave its name to one of the missionary martyrs of Gaul, who, in 287, was put to death at Augusta Veromanduorum on the Somme. His corpse being discovered in 641, the great goldsmith bishop of Noyon, St. Eloi, made for it a magnificent shrine, and built over it a church, whence the town took the name of St. Quentin, and Quentin became prevalent in the neighbourhood. It was also popular in Scotland and Ireland, but it is there intended to represent Cu-mhaighe (hound of the plain), pronounced Cooey. From the diminutive of the Quinctian gens came Quintilius, and thence again Quintilianus, the most noted Roman rhetorician. Pontius is thought to be the Samnite or Oscan word for fifth, related to the Greek pente, and Keltic pump, five. It was an old nomen among those fierce Italians, and belonged to the sage who gave the wise advice against either sparing or injuring by halves, the Romans at the Caudine Forks. Pontius Pilatus should, it would seem, have brought it into universal hatred, but it probably had previously become hereditary in Spain as Ponce, whence sprang the noble family of Ponce de Leon; the French had Pons; and the Italians, Ponzio, and our Punch is by some said to be another form. It may, perhaps, come from pons (a bridge).

Sextus was the prænomen of the hateful son of Tarquinius Superbus, but after him it was disused, although thence arose the Sextian, Sestian, and Sextilian gentes. In later times it came again into use, and a bishop of Rome, martyred under Valerian, was named Sixtus, whence this has grown to be one of the papal adopted names, and is called by the Italians Sisto, whence the Sistine chapel takes its name, and the Dresden Madonna of Raffaelle is called di San Sisto, from the introduction of one of the three sainted popes so termed. The French used to call these saints Xiste.

The Latin septem gave Septimus, a name exceptionally used among them, as it is among us, for a seventh son.

Some unknown Octavus (the eighth) probably founded the Octavian gens, which had only been of note in Rome for 200 years before Caius Octavius Rufus married Julia, the sister of Cæsar, and their son Caius, being adopted as heir of the Julian line, became C. Julius Cæsar Octavianus, though he afterwards merged this unwieldy[unwieldy] title in that of Augustus. Octavius gained a certain renown through him, and Ottavio has passed on in Italy, while eighth sons are perhaps most usually named Octavius. The gentle Octavia, his sister, the most loveable of matrons, has made Ottavia an Italian name, and Octavie is one adopted by modern French taste. October is the eighth month in all modern tongues.

Nonnus, from nonus, the ninth, is not known as a name till very late, when Latin and Greek names were intermixed. Then it belonged to a poet, at first heathen, afterwards Christian. Nonna was the name to that female slave who wrought the conversion of Georgia to Christianity, and (we believe) has there been continued; and in Rome Nonnius and Nonianus occur in later times as gentile appellations. Nona has been bestowed in England upon that rare personage a ninth daughter. November again bears traces of its having been the ninth month of the Romans, as does December of the tenth.

Decimus was a prænomen in the family of Junius Brutus, inherited mayhap from a tenth son, and it was at Decimus Brutus that Cæsar’s dying reproach, Et tu Brute, is thought to have been levelled. Decimus and Decima are now and then to be found among us in unusually large families of one sex. Decius was the name of a great plebeian gens, one of the oldest in Rome, and illustrated by the self-devotion of Decius Mus.[^[55]]

[55]. Clark, Handbook of Comparative Grammar; Liddell and Scott; Facciolati; Junius; Smith; Publications of the Irish Society; Butler.

CHAPTER III.
NOMINA.

Section I.—Attius.

The Latin nomina were those that came by inheritance, and denoted the position of the gens in the state, its antiquity, and sometimes its origin. Their derivation is often, however, more difficult to trace than that of any other names, being lost in the darkness of the Oscan and Latin dialects; and in the latter times they were very wide-spread, being adopted by wholesale by persons who received the franchise, as Roman citizens, from the individual who conferred it; and after the time of Caracalla, A.D. 212, when all the free inhabitants of the empire became alike Roman citizens, any person might adopt whatever name he chose, or even change his own if he disliked it. The feminine of this gentile name, as it was called, was the inheritance of the daughters; and on marriage, the feminine of the husband’s nomen was sometimes, though not uniformly, assumed.

These names are here placed in alphabetical order, as there seems to be nothing else to determine their position, and it is in accordance with the rigid Roman fashion of regularity.

Thus we begin with the Accian, Attian, or Actian gens; one of no great rank, but interesting as having been fixed on by tradition as the ancestry of the great mountain lords of Este, who were the parents of the house of Ferarra in Italy, and of the house of Brunswick, which has given six sovereigns to Britain. Accius is probably derived from Acca, the mother of the Lares, an old Italian goddess, afterwards turned into the nurse of Romulus. Valerius, however, deduces both it and Appius from a forgotten Sabine prænomen Attus. The Appian gens was not a creditable one; but Appia was sometimes the name of mediæval Roman dames.

The genealogists of the house of Este say that Marcus Actius married Julia, sister of the great Cæsar, and trace their line downwards till modernized pronunciation had made the sound Azzo.

Him whom they count as Azo I. of Este was born in 450, and from him and his descendants Azzo and Azzolino were long common in Italy, though now discarded.

Section II.—Æmilius.

Almost inextricable confusion attends the development of the title of one of the oldest and most respectable of the plebeian gentes, namely the Æmilian, anciently written Aimilian. The family was Sabine, and the word is, therefore, probably Oscan; but the bearers were by no means agreed upon its origin, some declaring that it was αἵμυλος (flattering or witty), and called it a surname of their founder, Mamercus, whom some called the son of Pythagoras, others of Numa. The later Æmilii, again, claimed to descend from Aemylos, a son of Ascanius; and others of them, less aspiring, contented themselves with Amulius, the granduncle of Romulus. Can this most intangible Amulius be, after all, a remnant of the Teutonic element in the Roman race, and be the same with the mythical Amal, whence the Gothic Amaler traced their descent? It is curious that maal or âmal means work in Hebrew, while aml is work, likewise, in old Norse, as our moil is in English, though in Sanscrit amala is spotless. Altogether, it seems most probable that the word mal (a spot or stroke) may underlie all these forms, just as it does the German mal (time); that Amal was, in truth, the dimly remembered forefather; and that thus the proud Æmilii of Rome, and the wild Amaler of the forests, bore in their designations the tokens of a common stock.

Several obscure saints bore the name of Æmilius or Æmilianus; and Emilij has always been a prevailing masculine name in Russia. In Spain, a hermit, Saint Æmilianus, is always known as St. Milhan. Emilio was of old-standing in Italy; but the great prevalence in France of Émile, of late, was owing to Rousseau’s educational work, the hero of which had numerous namesakes among the children born in the years preceding the Revolution.

The feminine had been forgotten until Boccaccio wrote his Teseide, and called the heroine Emilia. It was at once translated or imitated in all languages, and became mixed up with the Amalie already existing in Germany. Amalie of Mansfeld lived in 1493; Amalie of Wurtemburg, in 1550; and thence the name spread throughout Germany, whence the daughter of George II. brought it to England, and though she wrote herself Amelia, was called Princess Emily. Both forms are recognized in most European countries, though often confounded together, and still worse, with Amy and Emma.

English.	French.	Italian.	Slovak.	Lusatian.
Emily	Émilie	Emilia	Emilija	Mila
Emilia			Milica	Milka

Section III.—Antonius.

Two gentes were called Antonius, a word that is not easy to trace. Some explain it as inestimable, but the Triumvir himself chose to deduce it from Antius, a son of Hercules. One of these clans was patrician, with the cognomen Merenda; the other plebeian, without any third name, and it was to the latter that the avenger of Cæsar and lover of Cleopatra belonged—Mark Anthony, Marc Antoine, or Marcantonio, as modern tongues have clipped his Marcus Antonius. The clipping had, however, been already performed before the resuscitation of his evil fame in the fifteenth century, for both his names had become separately saintly, and therefore mutilated; Mark in the person of the Evangelist, Antonius in that of the great hermit of the fourth century—the first to practise the asceticism which resulted in the monastic system. Of Egyptian birth, his devotions, his privations, and his conflicts with Satan, were equally admired in the Eastern and Western Churches, and Antonios has been as common among the Greeks as Antonius among the Latin Christians.

St. Antony was already very popular when St. Antonio of Padua further increased the Italian devotion to the name, and Antonio has ever since been exceedingly common in Italy and Spain. Classical pedantry made Antonio Paleario turn it into Aonio in honour of the Aonian choir; but whatever he chose to call himself he made glorious by his life and death.

The Dutch seem to have needlessly added the silent h, and we probably learnt it from them. The popularity of Antony has much diminished since the Reformation in England, where perhaps it is less used than in any other country.

English.	French.	Provençal.	Italian.
Antony	Antoine	Antoni	Antonio
Anthony			Tonio
Tony			Tonetto
Antholin
German.	Frisian.	Dutch.	Swiss.
Antonius	Tönnes	Anthonius	Antoni
Tenton	Tonjes	Theunis	Toni
Tony		Toontje
		Tool
		Antoonije
Russian.	Polish.	Slovak.	Servian.
Antonij	Antoni	Anton	Antun
Anton	Antek	Tone	Antonija
	Antos	Tonek
Lusatian.	Lett.	Esthonian.	Hungarian.
Anto	Antons	Tönnis	Antal
Hanto	Tennis	Tonnio
Tonisch	Tanne
Tonk

The feminine form, Antonia, is very common in Italy and Spain. The Germans have it as Antonie, and this was the original name of Maria Antonia, whom we have learnt to regard with pitying reverence as Marie Antoinette, whence Toinette is a common French contraction.

French.	Italian.	Swedish.	Swiss.	Lithuanian.
Antoinette	Antonia	Antonia	Tonneli	Ande
Toinette	Antonietta	Antonetta
Toinon	Antonica

The Aurelian gens was an old Sabine one, and probably derived its name from aurum (gold), the oro of Italy and or of France, though others tried to take it from Helios (the sun).

The old name, Aurelia, for a chrysalis was, like it, taken from the glistening golden spots on the cases of some of the butterfly pupæ. The Aurelian gens was old and noble, and an Aurelia was the mother of Julius Cæsar.

Section IV.—Cæcilius.

The most obvious origin of the nomen of the great Cæcilian gens would be cæcus (blind); in fact Cæcilia means a slow-worm, as that reptile was supposed to be blind; but the Cæcilii would by no means condescend to the blind or small-eyed ancestor; and while some of them declared that they were the sons of Cæcas, a companion of Æneas, others traced their source to the founder of Præneste, the son of Vulcan, Cæculus, who was found beside a hearth, and called from caleo (to heat), the same with καίω (to burn). There was a large gens of this name, famous and honourable, though plebeian; but rather remarkably, the feminine form has always been of more note than the masculine. As has been before said, Caia Cæcilia is said to have been the real name of Tanaquil, the model Roman matron, patroness of all other married dames; and who has not heard of the tomb of Cæcilia Metella? But the love and honour of the Roman ladies has passed on to another Cæcilia, a Christian of the days of Alexander Severus, a wife, though vowed to virginity, and a martyr singing hymns to the last. Her corpse was disinterred in a perfect state two hundred years after, when it was enshrined in a church built over her own house, which gives a title to a cardinal. A thousand years subsequently, in 1599, her sarcophagus was again opened, and a statue made exactly imitating the lovely, easy, and graceful position in which the limbs remained.

This second visit to her remains was not, however, needed to establish her popularity. She is as favourite a saint with the Roman matrons as is St. Agnes with their daughters; and the fact of her having sung till her last breath, established her connection with music. An instrument became her distinguishing mark; and as this was generally a small organ, she got the credit of having invented it, and became the patroness of music and poetry, as St. Katharine of eloquence and literature, and St. Barbara of architecture and art. Her day was celebrated by especial musical performances; even in the eighteenth century an ode on St. Cecilia’s day was a special occasion for the laudation of music; and Dryden and Pope have fixed it in our minds, by their praises, not so much of Cecilia, as of Timotheus and Orpheus. Already, in the eleventh century, the musical saint had been given as a patroness; and the contemporaries, Philip I. of France, and William I. of England, had each a daughter Cécile.

From that time, Cécile in France was only less popular than the English Cicely was with all ranks before the Reformation. Cicely Neville, the Rose of Raby, afterwards Duchess of York, called “Proud Cis,” gave it the chief note in England; but her princess grandchild, Cicely Plantagenet, was a nun, and thus did not transmit it to any noble family. After the Reformation, Cicely sank to the level of “stammel waistcoat,” and was the milkmaid’s generic name. And so the gentlewomen who had inherited Cicely from their grandmothers, were ashamed of it; and it became Cecilia, until the present reaction against fine names setting in, brought them back to Cecil and Cecily. In Ireland, the Norman settlers introduced it, and it became Sighile.

English.	French.	Italian.	German.
Cecilia	Cécile	Cecilia	Cacilia
Cecily
Cicely
Cecil
Sisley
Sis
Sissot
Cis
Hamburg.	Russian.	Polish.	Illyrian.
Cile	Zezilija	Cecylia	Cecilia
			Cecilija
			Cila
			Cilika

Sessylt, the British form of the masculine, lasted on long in Wales; and the Italians kept up Cecilio. The English masculine Cecil is, however, the surname of the families of Salisbury and Exeter, adopted as a Christian name.

History of Christian names

HISTORYOFCHRISTIAN NAMES

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

CONTENTS.

GLOSSARY OF CHRISTIAN NAMES.

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.THE SPIRIT OF NOMENCLATURE.

PART I.

CHAPTER I.HEBREW NOMENCLATURE.

CHAPTER II.PATRIARCHAL NAMES.

Section I.—Adam.

Section II.—Abi.

Section III.—Jacob.

Section IV.—Simeon.

Section V.—Judah.

Section VI.—Joseph.

Section VII.—Benjamin.

Section VIII.—Job.

CHAPTER III.ISRAELITE NAMES.

Section I.—Moses and Aaron.

Section II.—Elisheba, &c.

Section IV.—Joshua, &c.

Section V.—Names from Chaanach.

Section VI.—David.

Section VII.—Salem.

Section VIII.—Later Israelite Names.

Section IX.—Angelic Names.

PART II.NAMES PROM THE PERSIAN.

Section I.—The Persian Language.

Section II.—Esther.

PART III.

CHAPTER I.NAMES PROM THE GREEK.

CHAPTER II.NAMES FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY.

Section I.

Section II.—Names from Zeus.

Section III.—Ἡρα—Hera.

Section IV.—Athene.

Section V.—Apollo and Artemis.

Section VI.—Hele.

Section VII.—Demeter.

Section VIII.—Dionysos.

Section IX.—Hermes.

Section X.—Heroic Names.

CHAPTER III.NAMES FROM ANIMALS, ETC.

Section I.—The Lion.

Section II.—The Horse.

Section III.—The Goat.

Section IV.—The Bee.

Section V.—Names from Flowers.

CHAPTER IV.HISTORICAL GREEK NAMES CONSISTING OF EPITHETS.

Section I.—Agathos.

Section II.—Alexander, &c.

Section III.—Anēr, Andros.

Section IV.—Eu.

Section V.—Hieros.

Section VI.—Pan.

Section VII.—Polys.

Section VIII.—Phile, &c.

Section IX.—Names connected with the Constitution.—Laos, &c.

CHAPTER V.CHRISTIAN GREEK NAMES.

Section I.

Section II.—Names from Theos.

Section III.—Names from Christos.

Section IV.—Sophia.

Section V.—Petros.

Section VI.—Names of Immortality.

Section VII.—Royal Names.

Section VIII.—Irene.

Section IX.—Gregorios.

Section X.—Georgos.

Section XI.—Barbara.

Section XII.—Agnes.

Section XIII.—Margaret.

Section XIV.—Katharine.

Section XV.—Harvest Names.

Section XVI.—Names from Jewels.

Section XVII.—Kosmos and Damianos.

Section XVIII.—Alethea, &c.

PART IV.

CHAPTER I.LATIN NOMENCLATURE.

CHAPTER II.LATIN PRÆNOMINA.

HISTORY
OF
CHRISTIAN NAMES

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.
THE SPIRIT OF NOMENCLATURE.

CHAPTER I.
HEBREW NOMENCLATURE.

CHAPTER II.
PATRIARCHAL NAMES.

CHAPTER III.
ISRAELITE NAMES.

PART II.
NAMES PROM THE PERSIAN.

CHAPTER I.
NAMES PROM THE GREEK.

CHAPTER II.
NAMES FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY.

CHAPTER III.
NAMES FROM ANIMALS, ETC.

CHAPTER IV.
HISTORICAL GREEK NAMES CONSISTING OF EPITHETS.

CHAPTER V.
CHRISTIAN GREEK NAMES.

CHAPTER I.
LATIN NOMENCLATURE.

CHAPTER II.
LATIN PRÆNOMINA.

CHAPTER III.
NOMINA.