Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates / Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-76, Vol. XVIII

The Project Gutenberg eBook, Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates, by Ernst Haeckel

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REPORT

ON THE

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

OF THE

VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER

DURING THE YEARS 1873-76

UNDER THE COMMAND OF

Captain GEORGE S. NARES, R.N., F.R.S

AND THE LATE

Captain FRANK TOURLE THOMSON, R.N

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

THE LATE

Sir C. WYVILLE THOMSON, Knt., F.R.S., &c

REGIUS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

DIRECTOR OF THE CIVILIAN SCIENTIFIC STAFF ON BOARD

AND NOW OF

JOHN MURRAY

ONE OF THE NATURALISTS OF THE EXPEDITION

Zoology—Vol. XVIII.

PLATES

Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government

PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

AND SOLD BY

LONDON:—EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET, FETTER LANE

EDINBURGH:—ADAM & CHARLES BLACK

DUBLIN:—HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO

1887

Price (in Two Parts, with a Volume of Plates) £5, 10s.

CONTENTS.

Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876.

By Ernst Haeckel, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena.

PLATES.

CONTENTS.

	PLATES	[1]-[50].	SPUMELLARIA.
	"	[51]-[98].	NASSELLARIA.
	"	[99]-[128].	PHÆODARIA.
	"	[129]-[140].	ACANTHARIA.
[MAP], showing the Geographical Distribution of the Radiolaria.

PLATE 1.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Thalassicollida.

PLATE 1.
Thalassicollida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Actissa princeps, n. sp.,	×	300	[13]
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The spherical central capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which is radially striated in the cortical zone; v, spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; n, the spherical nucleus in the centre; l, the concentric nucleolus; f, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the central capsule and arise from the granular sarcomatrix.
Fig. 1a. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, in which the original central nucleus is cleft into numerous small nuclei,	×	400
Fig. 1b. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, filled up by flagellate spores,	×	400
Fig. 1c. Eight isolated flagellate spores,	×	800
Fig. 2. Thalassolampe maxima, n. sp.,	×	8	[17]
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The big spherical central capsule; a, the large alveoles filling the central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; f, the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma.
Fig. 2a. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli,	×	30
Fig. 3. Thalassopila cladococcus, n. sp.,	×	20	[17]
c, The big central capsule; a, numerous large alveoles contained in the central capsule; k, oil globules, many of which are placed in the radially striped cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. f, The radially striped calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassicolla maculata, n. sp.,	×	100	[21]
c, The central capsule; v, vacuoles filling this capsule; n, the central nucleus; l, the concentric nucleolus; g, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; a, the large alveoles; b, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; p, black pigment in the inner zone; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone.
Fig. 4a. An exoplasmatic body,	×	300
Fig. 4b, Vacuoles in the endoplasm,	×	300
Fig. 5. Thalassicolla melacapsa, n. sp.,	×	300	[21]
n, The large nucleus; l, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; v, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; a, large alveoles in the calymma; k, oil globules; b, exoplasmatic bodies; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma.
Fig. 5a. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell,	×	600
Fig. 5b. A piece of the central capsule,	×	600

PLATE 1.
Thalassicollida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Actissa princeps, n. sp.,	×	300	[13]
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The spherical central capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which is radially striated in the cortical zone; v, spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; n, the spherical nucleus in the centre; l, the concentric nucleolus; f, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the central capsule and arise from the granular sarcomatrix.
Fig. 1a. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, in which the original central nucleus is cleft into numerous small nuclei,	×	400
Fig. 1b. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, filled up by flagellate spores,	×	400
Fig. 1c. Eight isolated flagellate spores,	×	800
Fig. 2. Thalassolampe maxima, n. sp.,	×	8	[17]
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The big spherical central capsule; a, the large alveoles filling the central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; f, the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma.
Fig. 2a. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli,	×	30
Fig. 3. Thalassopila cladococcus, n. sp.,	×	20	[17]
c, The big central capsule; a, numerous large alveoles contained in the central capsule; k, oil globules, many of which are placed in the radially striped cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. f, The radially striped calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassicolla maculata, n. sp.,	×	100	[21]
c, The central capsule; v, vacuoles filling this capsule; n, the central nucleus; l, the concentric nucleolus; g, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; a, the large alveoles; b, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; p, black pigment in the inner zone; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone.
Fig. 4a. An exoplasmatic body,	×	300
Fig. 4b, Vacuoles in the endoplasm,	×	300
Fig. 5. Thalassicolla melacapsa, n. sp.,	×	300	[21]
n, The large nucleus; l, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; v, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; a, large alveoles in the calymma; k, oil globules; b, exoplasmatic bodies; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma.
Fig. 5a. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell,	×	600
Fig. 5b. A piece of the central capsule,	×	600

PLATE 2.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order BELOIDEA.

Family Thalassosphærida.

PLATE 2.
Thalassosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Lampoxanthium pandora, n. sp.,	×	120	[38]
The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its membrane, and a clear interval between this and the coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma.
Fig. 2. Thalassoplancta brevispicula, n. sp. (vel Lampoxanthium brevispiculum),	×	120	[36]
The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the cortical zone.
Fig. 3. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	300	[33]
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains a large central nucleus, with a single nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	600	[33]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 5. Thalassoxanthium medusinum, n. sp.,	×	120	[32]
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula.
Fig. 6. Thalassoxanthium octoceras, n. sp.,	×	400	[34]
Three isolated spicula.

PLATE 2.
Thalassosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Lampoxanthium pandora, n. sp.,	×	120	[38]
The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its membrane, and a clear interval between this and the coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma.
Fig. 2. Thalassoplancta brevispicula, n. sp. (vel Lampoxanthium brevispiculum),	×	120	[36]
The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the cortical zone.
Fig. 3. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	300	[33]
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains a large central nucleus, with a single nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	600	[33]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 5. Thalassoxanthium medusinum, n. sp.,	×	120	[32]
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula.
Fig. 6. Thalassoxanthium octoceras, n. sp.,	×	400	[34]
Three isolated spicula.

PLATE 3.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Collozoida.

PLATE 3.
Collozoida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Collozoum serpentinum, n sp (vel Collophidium serpentinum, Hkl),	×	10	[26]
A living cœnobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery.
Fig. 2. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	50	[26]
An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei.
Fig. 3. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	150	[26]
An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. k, Oil-globules forming an axial series; n, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, c, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; a, extracapsular alveoles; x, xanthellæ or "yellow cells."
Fig. 4. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	100	[28]
A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony. Each amœboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei.
Fig. 5. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	400	[28]
c, A single isolated central capsule; n, nuclei; k, oil-globule.
Fig. 6. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	30	[27]
g, A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony; a, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; c, central capsules; k, oil-globules.
Fig. 7. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	100	[27]
c, A single isolated central capsule; x, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 8. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	2	[26]
A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 9. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	150	[26]
c, A single isolated central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 10. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	[25]
An old, cylindrical, articulated cœnobium; the red points are centralcapsules.
Fig. 11. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	[25]
A young cylindrical cœnobium; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 12. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	400	[25]
A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. n, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. x, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

PLATE 3.
Collozoida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Collozoum serpentinum, n sp (vel Collophidium serpentinum, Hkl),	×	10	[26]
A living cœnobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery.
Fig. 2. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	50	[26]
An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei.
Fig. 3. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	150	[26]
An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. k, Oil-globules forming an axial series; n, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, c, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; a, extracapsular alveoles; x, xanthellæ or "yellow cells."
Fig. 4. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	100	[28]
A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony. Each amœboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei.
Fig. 5. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	400	[28]
c, A single isolated central capsule; n, nuclei; k, oil-globule.
Fig. 6. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	30	[27]
g, A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony; a, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; c, central capsules; k, oil-globules.
Fig. 7. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	100	[27]
c, A single isolated central capsule; x, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 8. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	2	[26]
A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 9. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	150	[26]
c, A single isolated central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 10. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	[25]
An old, cylindrical, articulated cœnobium; the red points are centralcapsules.
Fig. 11. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	[25]
A young cylindrical cœnobium; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 12. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	400	[25]
A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. n, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. x, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

PLATE 4.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders BELOIDEA.

Families Sphærozoida.

PLATE 4.
Sphærozoida
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sphærozoum trigeminum, n. sp.,	×	50	[43]
An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is densely covered with spicula, and beyond this skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not mentioned in the text.
Fig. 2. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	50	[43]
Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes a central oil-globule.
Fig. 3. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[43]
A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores. Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified pseudopodia are expanded.
Fig. 4. Sphærozoum geminatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[45]
A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule, surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ. The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between the points of the spicula.
Fig. 5. Sphærozoum variabile, n. sp.,	×	300	[45]
Three isolated spicula.
Fig. 6. Sphærozoum pandora, n. sp. (vel Rhaphidozoum pandora),	×	300	[49]
A group of various spicula.
Fig. 7. Sphærozoum verticillatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[44]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 8. Sphærozoum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	300	[44]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 9. Sphærozoum armatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[43]
A single spiculum.

PLATE 4.
Sphærozoida
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sphærozoum trigeminum, n. sp.,	×	50	[43]
An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is densely covered with spicula, and beyond this skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not mentioned in the text.
Fig. 2. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	50	[43]
Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes a central oil-globule.
Fig. 3. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[43]
A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores. Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified pseudopodia are expanded.
Fig. 4. Sphærozoum geminatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[45]
A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule, surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ. The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between the points of the spicula.
Fig. 5. Sphærozoum variabile, n. sp.,	×	300	[45]
Three isolated spicula.
Fig. 6. Sphærozoum pandora, n. sp. (vel Rhaphidozoum pandora),	×	300	[49]
A group of various spicula.
Fig. 7. Sphærozoum verticillatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[44]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 8. Sphærozoum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	300	[44]
A single spiculum.
Fig. 9. Sphærozoum armatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[43]
A single spiculum.

PLATE 5.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 5.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	150	[111]
A living colony. The centre of the spherical cœnobium contains a large alveole, surrounded by a net of sarcode. The entire calymma is filled up by smaller, thin-walled alveoles. Its inner part contains numerous small, young, central capsules (each with an oil-globule) without shells; in the cortical zone of the calymma lie larger capsules, each of which is enclosed by a fenestrated shell with from two to four or more dentated tubes. Between the radiant pseudopodia very numerous small yellow cells (xanthellæ), which are scattered everywhere.
Fig. 2. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	300	[111]
A single shell.
Fig. 3. Trypanosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	300	[110]
Fig. 4. Trypanosphæra trepanata, n. sp.,	×	300	[110]
Fig. 5. Odontosphæra monodon, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 6. Odontosphæra cyrtodon, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 7. Acrosphæra inflata, n. sp.,	×	300	[101]
Fig. 8. Mazosphæra hippotis, n. sp.,	×	400	[108]
Fig. 9. Mazosphæra lagotis, n. sp.,	×	300	[108]
Fig. 10. Pharyngosphæra stomodæa, n. sp.,	×	400	[98]
Fig. 11. Buccinosphæra invaginata. n. sp.,	×	500	[99]
Each shell contains numerous larger and smaller crystals.
Fig. 12. Tribonosphæra centripetalis, n. sp.,	×	500	[98]
Each shell contains numerous large crystals.
Fig. 13. Collosphæra polygona, n. sp.,	×	200	[96]

PLATE 5.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	150	[111]
A living colony. The centre of the spherical cœnobium contains a large alveole, surrounded by a net of sarcode. The entire calymma is filled up by smaller, thin-walled alveoles. Its inner part contains numerous small, young, central capsules (each with an oil-globule) without shells; in the cortical zone of the calymma lie larger capsules, each of which is enclosed by a fenestrated shell with from two to four or more dentated tubes. Between the radiant pseudopodia very numerous small yellow cells (xanthellæ), which are scattered everywhere.
Fig. 2. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	300	[111]
A single shell.
Fig. 3. Trypanosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	300	[110]
Fig. 4. Trypanosphæra trepanata, n. sp.,	×	300	[110]
Fig. 5. Odontosphæra monodon, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 6. Odontosphæra cyrtodon, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 7. Acrosphæra inflata, n. sp.,	×	300	[101]
Fig. 8. Mazosphæra hippotis, n. sp.,	×	400	[108]
Fig. 9. Mazosphæra lagotis, n. sp.,	×	300	[108]
Fig. 10. Pharyngosphæra stomodæa, n. sp.,	×	400	[98]
Fig. 11. Buccinosphæra invaginata. n. sp.,	×	500	[99]
Each shell contains numerous larger and smaller crystals.
Fig. 12. Tribonosphæra centripetalis, n. sp.,	×	500	[98]
Each shell contains numerous large crystals.
Fig. 13. Collosphæra polygona, n. sp.,	×	200	[96]

PLATE 6.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 6.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	500	[106]
A small piece of the surface of a living cœnobium, seen from the surface. Only four individuals are visible, the central capsule of which contains numerous small nuclei and a central oil-globule. The including spherical lattice-shell is provided with a few (one to four) larger apertures, which are prolonged into short cylindrical tubules. Through these latter radiate bundles of fine pseudopodia, branching and anastomosing, and forming a fine sarcode network between the alveoles of the calymma. On the surface of the alveolated jelly-sphere the pseudopodia form a dense radiating zone. Xanthella or yellow cells are everywhere scattered.
Fig. 2. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	300	[106]
A small cœnobium or colony in the state of alveolation, forming a jelly-sphere, composed of a great number of capsulated individuals, densely aggregated. Each central capsule contains an oil-globule, and is enclosed by a spherical lattice-shell, which bears a few (one to four) short cylindrical tubules. Each shell is again enveloped by a membranous polyhedral alveole and separated from it by structureless jelly. The thick cortical jelly-envelope, which surrounds the whole spherical colony, exhibits a fine radial striation, produced by radiating pseudopodia; many xanthellæ or yellow cells are scattered in the calymma.
Fig. 3. Siphonosphæra pipetta, n. sp.,	×	300	[108]
Fig. 4. Siphonosphæra tubulosa, J. Müller,	×	300	[105]
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, has a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 5. Siphonosphæra chonophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[107]
Fig. 6. Siphonosphæra serpula, n. sp.,	×	300	[107]
Fig. 7. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n sp.,	×	300	[105]
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, contains a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 8. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n. sp.,	×	300	[105]
Fig. 9. Siphonosphæra conifera, n. sp.,	×	300	[106]
Fig. 10. Siphonosphæra cyathina, n. sp.,	×	300	[105]

PLATE 6.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	500	[106]
A small piece of the surface of a living cœnobium, seen from the surface. Only four individuals are visible, the central capsule of which contains numerous small nuclei and a central oil-globule. The including spherical lattice-shell is provided with a few (one to four) larger apertures, which are prolonged into short cylindrical tubules. Through these latter radiate bundles of fine pseudopodia, branching and anastomosing, and forming a fine sarcode network between the alveoles of the calymma. On the surface of the alveolated jelly-sphere the pseudopodia form a dense radiating zone. Xanthella or yellow cells are everywhere scattered.
Fig. 2. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	300	[106]
A small cœnobium or colony in the state of alveolation, forming a jelly-sphere, composed of a great number of capsulated individuals, densely aggregated. Each central capsule contains an oil-globule, and is enclosed by a spherical lattice-shell, which bears a few (one to four) short cylindrical tubules. Each shell is again enveloped by a membranous polyhedral alveole and separated from it by structureless jelly. The thick cortical jelly-envelope, which surrounds the whole spherical colony, exhibits a fine radial striation, produced by radiating pseudopodia; many xanthellæ or yellow cells are scattered in the calymma.
Fig. 3. Siphonosphæra pipetta, n. sp.,	×	300	[108]
Fig. 4. Siphonosphæra tubulosa, J. Müller,	×	300	[105]
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, has a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 5. Siphonosphæra chonophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[107]
Fig. 6. Siphonosphæra serpula, n. sp.,	×	300	[107]
Fig. 7. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n sp.,	×	300	[105]
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, contains a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 8. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n. sp.,	×	300	[105]
Fig. 9. Siphonosphæra conifera, n. sp.,	×	300	[106]
Fig. 10. Siphonosphæra cyathina, n. sp.,	×	300	[105]

PLATE 7.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 7.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1 Caminosphæra dendrophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[112]
Fig. 2. Caminosphæra dichotoma, n. sp.,	×	300	[112]
Fig. 3. Coronosphæra diadema, n. sp.,	×	300	[117]
Fig. 4. Coronosphæra calycina, n. sp.,	×	300	[117]
Fig. 5. Otosphæra auriculata, n. sp.,	×	300	[116]
Fig. 6. Otosphæra polymorpha, n. sp.,	×	300	[116]
Fig. 7. Solenosphæra serpentina, n. sp.,	×	300	[114]
Fig. 8. Solenosphæra cornucopia, n. sp.,	×	300	[115]
Fig. 9. Solenosphæra ascensionis, n. sp.,	×	300	[115]
Fig. 10. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	300	[113]
Fig. 11. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	100	[113]
An entire spherical cœnobium. The shells of the colony bear a variable number of fenestrated radial tubes and are densely crowded in the jelly-sphere of the calymma, the cortical zone of which is radially striped.

PLATE 7.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1 Caminosphæra dendrophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[112]
Fig. 2. Caminosphæra dichotoma, n. sp.,	×	300	[112]
Fig. 3. Coronosphæra diadema, n. sp.,	×	300	[117]
Fig. 4. Coronosphæra calycina, n. sp.,	×	300	[117]
Fig. 5. Otosphæra auriculata, n. sp.,	×	300	[116]
Fig. 6. Otosphæra polymorpha, n. sp.,	×	300	[116]
Fig. 7. Solenosphæra serpentina, n. sp.,	×	300	[114]
Fig. 8. Solenosphæra cornucopia, n. sp.,	×	300	[115]
Fig. 9. Solenosphæra ascensionis, n. sp.,	×	300	[115]
Fig. 10. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	300	[113]
Fig. 11. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	100	[113]
An entire spherical cœnobium. The shells of the colony bear a variable number of fenestrated radial tubes and are densely crowded in the jelly-sphere of the calymma, the cortical zone of which is radially striped.

PLATE 8.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 8.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Acrosphæra echinoides, n. sp.,	×	400	[100]
Fig. 2. Acrosphæra collina, n. sp.,	×	300	[101]
Fig. 3. Chænicosphæra nassiterna, n. sp.,	×	400	[103]
Fig. 4. Chænicosphæra murrayana, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 5. Chænicosphæra flammabunda, n. sp.,	×	300	[103]
Fig. 6. Clathrosphæra circumtexta, n. sp.,	×	400	[118]
Fig. 7. Clathrosphæra arachnoides, n. sp.,	×	300	[119]
Fig. 8. Clathrosphæra lamellosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[119]
Fig. 9. Xanthiosphæra erinacea, n. sp.,	×	400	[120]
Fig. 10. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	300	[120]
Fig. 11. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	100	[120]
A complete spherical cœnobium. The associated central capsules (each with a double shell) are densely crowded in the central part of the calymma, whilst its peripheral part is occupied by a layer of large alveoles. Numerous xanthellæ or yellow cells an scattered in the calymma.

PLATE 8.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Acrosphæra echinoides, n. sp.,	×	400	[100]
Fig. 2. Acrosphæra collina, n. sp.,	×	300	[101]
Fig. 3. Chænicosphæra nassiterna, n. sp.,	×	400	[103]
Fig. 4. Chænicosphæra murrayana, n. sp.,	×	300	[102]
Fig. 5. Chænicosphæra flammabunda, n. sp.,	×	300	[103]
Fig. 6. Clathrosphæra circumtexta, n. sp.,	×	400	[118]
Fig. 7. Clathrosphæra arachnoides, n. sp.,	×	300	[119]
Fig. 8. Clathrosphæra lamellosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[119]
Fig. 9. Xanthiosphæra erinacea, n. sp.,	×	400	[120]
Fig. 10. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	300	[120]
Fig. 11. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	100	[120]
A complete spherical cœnobium. The associated central capsules (each with a double shell) are densely crowded in the central part of the calymma, whilst its peripheral part is occupied by a layer of large alveoles. Numerous xanthellæ or yellow cells an scattered in the calymma.

PLATE 9.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family Pylonida.

PLATE 9.
Pylonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Monozonium alatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[633]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 1a. Apical view.
Fig. 2. Dizonium pleuracanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[636]
Fig. 3. Dizonium stauracanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	[636]
Fig. 4. Trizonium tricinctum, n. sp.,	×	300	[637]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 4a. Lateral view.
Fig. 4b. Apical view.
Fig. 5. Amphipyle tetraceros, n. sp.,	×	400	[642]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 6. Amphipyle callizona, n. sp.,	×	300	[644]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7. Amphipyle amphiptera, n. sp.,	×	300	[642]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7a. Lateral view.
Fig. 8. Tetrapyle circularis, n. sp.,	×	300	[645]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 9. Tetrapyle pleuracantha, n. sp.,	×	400	[646]
Dorsal view. The lentelliptical central capsule is visible between medullary and cortical shell.
Fig. 10. Tetrapyle turrita, n. sp.,	×	400	[649]
Oblique view, half dorsal, half lateral.
Fig. 11. Octopyle stenozona, n. sp.,	×	400	[652]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 12. Octopyle sexangulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[653]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13. Octopyle decastyle, n. sp.,	×	300	[654]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13a. Lateral view.
Fig. 14. Pylonium quadricorne, n. sp.,	×	400	[655]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 15. Tetrapylonium quadrangulare, n. sp.,	×	300	[658]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 16. Pylozonium octacanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	[660]
Dorsal view.

PLATE 9.
Pylonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Monozonium alatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[633]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 1a. Apical view.
Fig. 2. Dizonium pleuracanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[636]
Fig. 3. Dizonium stauracanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	[636]
Fig. 4. Trizonium tricinctum, n. sp.,	×	300	[637]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 4a. Lateral view.
Fig. 4b. Apical view.
Fig. 5. Amphipyle tetraceros, n. sp.,	×	400	[642]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 6. Amphipyle callizona, n. sp.,	×	300	[644]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7. Amphipyle amphiptera, n. sp.,	×	300	[642]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7a. Lateral view.
Fig. 8. Tetrapyle circularis, n. sp.,	×	300	[645]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 9. Tetrapyle pleuracantha, n. sp.,	×	400	[646]
Dorsal view. The lentelliptical central capsule is visible between medullary and cortical shell.
Fig. 10. Tetrapyle turrita, n. sp.,	×	400	[649]
Oblique view, half dorsal, half lateral.
Fig. 11. Octopyle stenozona, n. sp.,	×	400	[652]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 12. Octopyle sexangulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[653]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13. Octopyle decastyle, n. sp.,	×	300	[654]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13a. Lateral view.
Fig. 14. Pylonium quadricorne, n. sp.,	×	400	[655]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 15. Tetrapylonium quadrangulare, n. sp.,	×	300	[658]
Dorsal view.
Fig. 16. Pylozonium octacanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	[660]
Dorsal view.

PLATE 10.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family Tholonida.

PLATE 10.
Tholonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Tholartus tricolus, n. sp.,	×	200	[664]
Fig. 2. Tholodes cupula, n. sp.,	×	500	[665]
Fig. 3. Amphitholus artiscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[666]
Fig. 4. Amphitholus panicium, n. sp.,	×	500	[668]
Fig. 5. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	[667]
Fig. 6. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	[667]
Frontal section of the shell.
Fig. 7. Amphitholonium tricolonium, n. sp.,	×	300	[669]
Fig. 8. Staurotholus tetrastylus, n. sp.,	×	300	[673]
Fig. 9. Staurotholus dodecastylus, n. sp.,	×	400	[674]
Fig. 10. Tholoma quadrigeminum, n. sp.,	×	200	[672]
Fig. 11. Staurotholonium octodoronium, n. sp.,	×	300	[676]
Fig. 12. Tholocubus tessellatus, n. sp.,	×	200	[677]
Fig. 13. Tholoma metallasson, n. sp.,	×	300	[672]
Fig. 14. Cubotholus regularis, n. sp.,	×	200	[680]
Fig. 15. Cubotholonium ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	300	[682]
Fig. 16. Tholocubus tesseralis, n. sp.,	×	400	[678]
Fig. 17. Tholonium hexonium,	×	400	[679]

PLATE 10.
Tholonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Tholartus tricolus, n. sp.,	×	200	[664]
Fig. 2. Tholodes cupula, n. sp.,	×	500	[665]
Fig. 3. Amphitholus artiscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[666]
Fig. 4. Amphitholus panicium, n. sp.,	×	500	[668]
Fig. 5. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	[667]
Fig. 6. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	[667]
Frontal section of the shell.
Fig. 7. Amphitholonium tricolonium, n. sp.,	×	300	[669]
Fig. 8. Staurotholus tetrastylus, n. sp.,	×	300	[673]
Fig. 9. Staurotholus dodecastylus, n. sp.,	×	400	[674]
Fig. 10. Tholoma quadrigeminum, n. sp.,	×	200	[672]
Fig. 11. Staurotholonium octodoronium, n. sp.,	×	300	[676]
Fig. 12. Tholocubus tessellatus, n. sp.,	×	200	[677]
Fig. 13. Tholoma metallasson, n. sp.,	×	300	[672]
Fig. 14. Cubotholus regularis, n. sp.,	×	200	[680]
Fig. 15. Cubotholonium ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	300	[682]
Fig. 16. Tholocubus tesseralis, n. sp.,	×	400	[678]
Fig. 17. Tholonium hexonium,	×	400	[679]

PLATE 11.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Astrosphærida.

PLATE 11.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	200	[277]
The entire shell and the central capsule. Numerous club-shaped radial apophyses or cœcal sacs arise from the pink central capsule and are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell, which is completely hidden by them. The sarcomatrix in the calymma, surrounding the central capsule, exhibits a fine radial striation. Numerous retracted pseudopodia, bearing red granules, arise from the sarcomatrix and pierce the calymma radially. The interval between the two concentric shells is filled up by the hyaline calymma.
Fig. 2. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
A part of the cortical shell, with a radial spine.
Fig. 3. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
The medullary shell and the basal parts of the radial spines arising from it.
Fig. 4. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
Distal end of a radial spine.
Fig. 5. Rhizoplegma lychnosphæra, n. sp.,	×	200	[276]
The central capsule and the enclosed parts of the skeleton. The protoplasm is radially striped. The central nucleus (red) sends out numerous radial apophyses, which are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell.

PLATE 11.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	200	[277]
The entire shell and the central capsule. Numerous club-shaped radial apophyses or cœcal sacs arise from the pink central capsule and are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell, which is completely hidden by them. The sarcomatrix in the calymma, surrounding the central capsule, exhibits a fine radial striation. Numerous retracted pseudopodia, bearing red granules, arise from the sarcomatrix and pierce the calymma radially. The interval between the two concentric shells is filled up by the hyaline calymma.
Fig. 2. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
A part of the cortical shell, with a radial spine.
Fig. 3. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
The medullary shell and the basal parts of the radial spines arising from it.
Fig. 4. Lychnosphæra regina, n. sp.,	×	400	[277]
Distal end of a radial spine.
Fig. 5. Rhizoplegma lychnosphæra, n. sp.,	×	200	[276]
The central capsule and the enclosed parts of the skeleton. The protoplasm is radially striped. The central nucleus (red) sends out numerous radial apophyses, which are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell.

PLATE 12.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders PHÆOSPHÆRIA et SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Orosphærida, Astrosphærida et Liosphærida.

PLATE 12.
Orosphærida, Astrosphærida et Liosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Orosphæra huxleyii, n. sp. (vel Oroscena huxleyii),	×	50	[1599]
Fig. 1a. A piece of the network, the bars of which contain partly an axial canal,	×	200	[1599]
Fig. 2. Conosphæra orthoconus, n. sp.,	×	200	[221]
Fig. 3. Conosphæra platyconus, n. sp.,	×	300	[221]
Fig. 4. Conosphæra plagioconus, n. sp.,	×	300	[222]
Fig. 5. Ethmosphæra conosiphonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[69]
Fig. 5a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 6. Ethmosphæra polysiphonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[70]
Fig. 7. Cenosphæra compacta, n. sp.,	×	300	[65]
Fig. 8. Cenosphæra elysia, n. sp.,	×	300	[64]
Fig. 8a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 9. Cenosphæra mellifica, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 10. Cenosphæra favosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 10a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 11. Cenosphæra vesparia, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 11a. Vertical section through the wall.

PLATE 12.
Orosphærida, Astrosphærida et Liosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Orosphæra huxleyii, n. sp. (vel Oroscena huxleyii),	×	50	[1599]
Fig. 1a. A piece of the network, the bars of which contain partly an axial canal,	×	200	[1599]
Fig. 2. Conosphæra orthoconus, n. sp.,	×	200	[221]
Fig. 3. Conosphæra platyconus, n. sp.,	×	300	[221]
Fig. 4. Conosphæra plagioconus, n. sp.,	×	300	[222]
Fig. 5. Ethmosphæra conosiphonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[69]
Fig. 5a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 6. Ethmosphæra polysiphonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[70]
Fig. 7. Cenosphæra compacta, n. sp.,	×	300	[65]
Fig. 8. Cenosphæra elysia, n. sp.,	×	300	[64]
Fig. 8a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 9. Cenosphæra mellifica, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 10. Cenosphæra favosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 10a. Vertical section through the wall.
Fig. 11. Cenosphæra vesparia, n. sp.,	×	300	[62]
Fig. 11a. Vertical section through the wall.

PLATE 13.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA et PRUNOIDEA.

Families Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.

PLATE 13.
Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Ellipsostylus aquila, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 2. Ellipsostylus hirundo, n. sp.,	×	300	[301]
Fig. 3. Ellipsostylus columba, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 4. Xiphostylus alcedo, n. sp.,	×	400	[127]
Fig. 5. Xiphostylus edolius, n. sp.,	×	400	[130]
Fig. 6. Ellipsostylus psittacus, n. sp.,	×	400	[300]
Fig. 7. Stylostaurus caudatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[157]
Fig. 8. Ellipsostylus ciconia, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 9. Xiphostylus phasianus, n. sp.,	×	400	[127]
Fig. 10. Xiphostylus trochilus, n. sp.,	×	300	[129]
Fig. 11. Xiphostylus emberiza, n. sp.,	×	300	[131]
Fig. 12. Saturnalis circoideus, n. sp.,	×	400	[132]
Not fully developed.
Fig. 13. Xiphostylus alca, n. sp.,	×	300	[130]
Fig. 14. Xiphostylus falco, n. sp.,	×	300	[130]
Fig. 15. Saturnalis rotula, n. sp.,	×	400	[133]
Fig. 16. Saturnalis annularis, n. sp.,	×	400	[132]

PLATE 13.
Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Ellipsostylus aquila, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 2. Ellipsostylus hirundo, n. sp.,	×	300	[301]
Fig. 3. Ellipsostylus columba, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 4. Xiphostylus alcedo, n. sp.,	×	400	[127]
Fig. 5. Xiphostylus edolius, n. sp.,	×	400	[130]
Fig. 6. Ellipsostylus psittacus, n. sp.,	×	400	[300]
Fig. 7. Stylostaurus caudatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[157]
Fig. 8. Ellipsostylus ciconia, n. sp.,	×	300	[300]
Fig. 9. Xiphostylus phasianus, n. sp.,	×	400	[127]
Fig. 10. Xiphostylus trochilus, n. sp.,	×	300	[129]
Fig. 11. Xiphostylus emberiza, n. sp.,	×	300	[131]
Fig. 12. Saturnalis circoideus, n. sp.,	×	400	[132]
Not fully developed.
Fig. 13. Xiphostylus alca, n. sp.,	×	300	[130]
Fig. 14. Xiphostylus falco, n. sp.,	×	300	[130]
Fig. 15. Saturnalis rotula, n. sp.,	×	400	[133]
Fig. 16. Saturnalis annularis, n. sp.,	×	400	[132]

PLATE 14.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA et PRUNOIDEA.

Families Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.

PLATE 14.
Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Ellipsoxiphus atractus, n. sp.,	×	300	[298]
Fig. 2. Xiphosphæra venus, n. sp.,	×	300	[123]
Fig. 3. Ellipsoxiphus claviger, n. sp.,	×	300	[297]
Fig. 4. Xiphosphæra pallas, n. sp.,	×	400	[124]
Fig. 5. Xiphosphæra gæa, n. sp.,	×	400	[123]
Fig. 6. Xiphosphæra vesta, n. sp.,	×	300	[126]
Fig. 7. Ellipsoxiphus elegans, n. sp., var. palliatus,	×	400	[296]
Fig. 8. Lithapium halicapsa, n. sp.,	×	300	[303]
Fig. 9. Lithapium pyriforme, n. sp.,	×	300	[303]
Fig. 10. Lithapium monocyrtis, n. sp.,	×	300	[304]
Fig. 11. Ellipsoxiphus bipolaris, n. sp.,	×	600	[297]
Fig. 12. Xiphostylus trogon, n. sp.,	×	400	[129]
Fig. 13. Xiphostylus picus, n. sp.,	×	300	[129]
Fig. 14. Lithomespilus flammabundus, n. sp.,	×	400	[303]
Fig. 15. Xiphostylus alauda, n. sp.,	×	400	[128]
Fig. 16. Lithomespilus phloginus, n. sp.,	×	600	[302]
Fig. 17. Lithomespilus phlogoides, n. sp.,	×	600	[302]

PLATE 14.
Stylosphærida et Ellipsida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Ellipsoxiphus atractus, n. sp.,	×	300	[298]
Fig. 2. Xiphosphæra venus, n. sp.,	×	300	[123]
Fig. 3. Ellipsoxiphus claviger, n. sp.,	×	300	[297]
Fig. 4. Xiphosphæra pallas, n. sp.,	×	400	[124]
Fig. 5. Xiphosphæra gæa, n. sp.,	×	400	[123]
Fig. 6. Xiphosphæra vesta, n. sp.,	×	300	[126]
Fig. 7. Ellipsoxiphus elegans, n. sp., var. palliatus,	×	400	[296]
Fig. 8. Lithapium halicapsa, n. sp.,	×	300	[303]
Fig. 9. Lithapium pyriforme, n. sp.,	×	300	[303]
Fig. 10. Lithapium monocyrtis, n. sp.,	×	300	[304]
Fig. 11. Ellipsoxiphus bipolaris, n. sp.,	×	600	[297]
Fig. 12. Xiphostylus trogon, n. sp.,	×	400	[129]
Fig. 13. Xiphostylus picus, n. sp.,	×	300	[129]
Fig. 14. Lithomespilus flammabundus, n. sp.,	×	400	[303]
Fig. 15. Xiphostylus alauda, n. sp.,	×	400	[128]
Fig. 16. Lithomespilus phloginus, n. sp.,	×	600	[302]
Fig. 17. Lithomespilus phlogoides, n. sp.,	×	600	[302]

PLATE 15.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA et PRUNOIDEA.

Families Staurosphærida et Druppulida.

PLATE 15.
Staurosphærida et Druppulida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cromyatractus tetracelyphus, n. sp.,	×	300	[335]
Fig. 1a. The two inner medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Cromyatractus tetraphractus, n. sp.,	×	300	[335]
Fig. 3. Cromyatractus cepicius, n. sp.,	×	300	[336]
The spongy distal part of a polar spine.
Fig. 4. Cromyatractus ceparius, n. sp. (vel Caryostylus ceparius),	×	300	[336]
Fig. 5. Staurolonche pertusa, n. sp.,	×	300	[159]
Fig. 5a. Its medullary shell.
Fig. 6. Staurosphæra philippi, n. sp.,	×	300	[154]
Fig. 7. Stauroxiphus gladius, n. sp.,	×	400	[163]
Fig. 8. Staurocaryum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	300	[167]
Fig. 9. Rhizoplegma radicatum, n. sp.,	×	200	[276]
Fig. 9a. The medullary shell, which is completely hidden in fig. 9 by the numerous club-shaped apophyses of the central capsule.

PLATE 15.
Staurosphærida et Druppulida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cromyatractus tetracelyphus, n. sp.,	×	300	[335]
Fig. 1a. The two inner medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Cromyatractus tetraphractus, n. sp.,	×	300	[335]
Fig. 3. Cromyatractus cepicius, n. sp.,	×	300	[336]
The spongy distal part of a polar spine.
Fig. 4. Cromyatractus ceparius, n. sp. (vel Caryostylus ceparius),	×	300	[336]
Fig. 5. Staurolonche pertusa, n. sp.,	×	300	[159]
Fig. 5a. Its medullary shell.
Fig. 6. Staurosphæra philippi, n. sp.,	×	300	[154]
Fig. 7. Stauroxiphus gladius, n. sp.,	×	400	[163]
Fig. 8. Staurocaryum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	300	[167]
Fig. 9. Rhizoplegma radicatum, n. sp.,	×	200	[276]
Fig. 9a. The medullary shell, which is completely hidden in fig. 9 by the numerous club-shaped apophyses of the central capsule.

PLATE 16.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA et PRUNOIDEA.

Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et Druppulida.

PLATE 16.
STYLOSPHÆRIDA et Druppulida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Stylosphæra melpomene, n. sp.,	×	300	[135]
Fig. 2. Lithatractus jugatus, n. sp., (vel Stylosphæra jugata),	×	400	[323]
Fig. 3. Lithatractus fragilis, n. sp. (vel Stylosphæra fragilis),	×	400	[319]
Fig. 4. Stylosphæra lithatractus, n. sp.,	×	300
The entire shell.
Fig. 5. Stylosphæra lithatractus, n. sp.,	×	300
The greater part of the cortical shell and the two spines taken off.
The description of Stylosphæra lithatractus (intermediate between Stylosphæra jugata and Stylosphæra terpsichore, p. [137]) is by mistake not given in the text.
Fig. 6. Stylosphæra calliope, n. sp.,	×	400	[134]
Fig. 7. Stylosphæra clio, n. sp.,	×	400	[134]
Fig. 8. Druppatractus ostracion, n. sp.,	×	300	[326]
The entire shell.
Fig. 9. Druppatractus ostracion, n. sp.,	×	300	[326]
The anterior half of the cortical shell has been removed.
Fig. 10. Druppatractus hippocampus, n. sp.,	×	300	[324]
The entire shell.
Fig. 11. Druppatractus hippocampus, n. sp.,	×	300	[324]
The greater part of the cortical shell has been removed.
Fig. 12. Stylosphæra nana, n. sp.,	×	300	[136]
The entire shell
Fig. 13. Stylosphæra nana, n. sp.,	×	300	[136]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 14. Sphærostylus ophidium, n. sp.,	×	300	[140]
The entire shell.
Fig. 15. Sphærostylus ophidium, n. sp.,	×	300	[140]
The medullary shell alone.
Fig. 16. Saturnulus ellipticus, n. sp.,	×	400	[141]
Fig. 17. Saturnulus planetes, n. sp.,	×	400	[142]

PLATE 16.
STYLOSPHÆRIDA et Druppulida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Stylosphæra melpomene, n. sp.,	×	300	[135]
Fig. 2. Lithatractus jugatus, n. sp., (vel Stylosphæra jugata),	×	400	[323]
Fig. 3. Lithatractus fragilis, n. sp. (vel Stylosphæra fragilis),	×	400	[319]
Fig. 4. Stylosphæra lithatractus, n. sp.,	×	300
The entire shell.
Fig. 5. Stylosphæra lithatractus, n. sp.,	×	300
The greater part of the cortical shell and the two spines taken off.
The description of Stylosphæra lithatractus (intermediate between Stylosphæra jugata and Stylosphæra terpsichore, p. [137]) is by mistake not given in the text.
Fig. 6. Stylosphæra calliope, n. sp.,	×	400	[134]
Fig. 7. Stylosphæra clio, n. sp.,	×	400	[134]
Fig. 8. Druppatractus ostracion, n. sp.,	×	300	[326]
The entire shell.
Fig. 9. Druppatractus ostracion, n. sp.,	×	300	[326]
The anterior half of the cortical shell has been removed.
Fig. 10. Druppatractus hippocampus, n. sp.,	×	300	[324]
The entire shell.
Fig. 11. Druppatractus hippocampus, n. sp.,	×	300	[324]
The greater part of the cortical shell has been removed.
Fig. 12. Stylosphæra nana, n. sp.,	×	300	[136]
The entire shell
Fig. 13. Stylosphæra nana, n. sp.,	×	300	[136]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 14. Sphærostylus ophidium, n. sp.,	×	300	[140]
The entire shell.
Fig. 15. Sphærostylus ophidium, n. sp.,	×	300	[140]
The medullary shell alone.
Fig. 16. Saturnulus ellipticus, n. sp.,	×	400	[141]
Fig. 17. Saturnulus planetes, n. sp.,	×	400	[142]

PLATE 17.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders SPHÆROIDEA et PRUNOIDEA.

Families Stylosphærida, Druppulida et Spongurida.

PLATE 17.
Stylosphærida, Druppulida et Spongurida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Stylatractus giganteus, n. sp. (vel Amphistylus giganteus),	×	300	[329]
Fig. 2. Stylatractus sethoporus, n. sp.,	×	400	[330]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 3. Stylatractus sethoporus, n. sp.,	×	400	[330]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 4. Stylatractus compactus, n. sp.,	×	400	[329]
Fig. 5. Amphisphæra cronos, n. sp. (vel Amphistylus cronos),	×	400	[144]
Fig. 6. Stylatractus neptunus, n. sp. (vel Amphisphæra neptunus),	×	300	[328]
Fig. 7. Amphisphæra pluto, n. sp.,	×	300	[144]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Amphisphæra pluto, n. sp.,	×	300	[144]
Meridional section through the three concentric shells.
Fig. 9. Xiphatractus glyptodon, n. sp.,	×	400	[334]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 10. Xiphatractus glyptodon, n. sp.,	×	400	[334]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 11. Xiphatractus armadillo, n. sp.,	×	400	[332]
Fig. 12. Spongoxiphus prunococcus, n. sp.,	×	300	[354]
The spongy cortical shell.
Fig. 13. Spongoxiphus prunococcus, n. sp.,	×	600	[354]
The two concentric latticed medullary shells.

PLATE 17.
Stylosphærida, Druppulida et Spongurida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Stylatractus giganteus, n. sp. (vel Amphistylus giganteus),	×	300	[329]
Fig. 2. Stylatractus sethoporus, n. sp.,	×	400	[330]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 3. Stylatractus sethoporus, n. sp.,	×	400	[330]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 4. Stylatractus compactus, n. sp.,	×	400	[329]
Fig. 5. Amphisphæra cronos, n. sp. (vel Amphistylus cronos),	×	400	[144]
Fig. 6. Stylatractus neptunus, n. sp. (vel Amphisphæra neptunus),	×	300	[328]
Fig. 7. Amphisphæra pluto, n. sp.,	×	300	[144]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Amphisphæra pluto, n. sp.,	×	300	[144]
Meridional section through the three concentric shells.
Fig. 9. Xiphatractus glyptodon, n. sp.,	×	400	[334]
The entire cortical shell.
Fig. 10. Xiphatractus glyptodon, n. sp.,	×	400	[334]
The greater part of the cortical shell taken off.
Fig. 11. Xiphatractus armadillo, n. sp.,	×	400	[332]
Fig. 12. Spongoxiphus prunococcus, n. sp.,	×	300	[354]
The spongy cortical shell.
Fig. 13. Spongoxiphus prunococcus, n. sp.,	×	600	[354]
The two concentric latticed medullary shells.

PLATE 18.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.

PLATE 18.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Centrocubus cladostylus, n. sp.,	×	100	[278]
Fig. 2. Octodendron spathillatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[280]
The entire inner shell, but a small part only of the outer shell is represented.
Fig. 3. Octodendron cubocentron, n. sp.,	×	400	[279]
The central capsule (somewhat irregular by compression?) exhibits a large excentric nucleus (probably dislocated artificially?).
Fig. 4. Octodendron spathillatum, n. sp.,	×	800	[280]
Free distal end of a radial spine, with the spathillæ on the end of the branches.
Fig. 5. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[284]
Fig. 6. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[284]
Medullary shell.
Fig. 7. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	600	[284]
A single radial spine.
Fig. 8. Plegmosphæra exodictyon, n. sp.,	×	200	[89]
The central shell-cavity encloses the spherical central capsule and the concentric nucleus.
Fig. 9. Spongodrymus elaphococcus, n. sp.,	×	150	[272]
The entire inner shell, but only a small part of the outer spongy envelope is represented.

PLATE 18.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Centrocubus cladostylus, n. sp.,	×	100	[278]
Fig. 2. Octodendron spathillatum, n. sp.,	×	300	[280]
The entire inner shell, but a small part only of the outer shell is represented.
Fig. 3. Octodendron cubocentron, n. sp.,	×	400	[279]
The central capsule (somewhat irregular by compression?) exhibits a large excentric nucleus (probably dislocated artificially?).
Fig. 4. Octodendron spathillatum, n. sp.,	×	800	[280]
Free distal end of a radial spine, with the spathillæ on the end of the branches.
Fig. 5. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[284]
Fig. 6. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[284]
Medullary shell.
Fig. 7. Rhizosphæra serrata, n. sp.,	×	600	[284]
A single radial spine.
Fig. 8. Plegmosphæra exodictyon, n. sp.,	×	200	[89]
The central shell-cavity encloses the spherical central capsule and the concentric nucleus.
Fig. 9. Spongodrymus elaphococcus, n. sp.,	×	150	[272]
The entire inner shell, but only a small part of the outer spongy envelope is represented.

PLATE 19.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Astrosphærida.

PLATE 19.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Drymosphæra polygonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[249]
Fig. 2. Leptosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[244]
Showing the central capsule (forming numerous club-shaped protuberances) and the simple spherical nucleus in its centre. The skeleton is nearly the same as in Diplosphæra hexagonalis (fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Diplosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[246]
The spherical central capsule, with radially striped protoplasm, is enclosed in the inner shell, and exhibits in its centre the clear spherical nucleus.
Fig. 4. Astrosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	300	[250]
Fig. 5. Astrosphæra stellata, n. sp.,	×	300	[251]
The central capsule, enclosed in the inner shell, exhibits a distinct radial striation of the protoplasm, and in the centre a clear spherical nucleus.
Fig. 6. Haliomma rhodococcus, n. sp. (vel Sethosphæra rhodococcus),	×	400	[237]
The greater part of the outer shell is removed.

PLATE 19.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Drymosphæra polygonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[249]
Fig. 2. Leptosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[244]
Showing the central capsule (forming numerous club-shaped protuberances) and the simple spherical nucleus in its centre. The skeleton is nearly the same as in Diplosphæra hexagonalis (fig. 3).
Fig. 3. Diplosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	200	[246]
The spherical central capsule, with radially striped protoplasm, is enclosed in the inner shell, and exhibits in its centre the clear spherical nucleus.
Fig. 4. Astrosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.,	×	300	[250]
Fig. 5. Astrosphæra stellata, n. sp.,	×	300	[251]
The central capsule, enclosed in the inner shell, exhibits a distinct radial striation of the protoplasm, and in the centre a clear spherical nucleus.
Fig. 6. Haliomma rhodococcus, n. sp. (vel Sethosphæra rhodococcus),	×	400	[237]
The greater part of the outer shell is removed.

PLATE 20.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.

PLATE 20.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Drymosphæra dendrophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[249]
Fig. 1a. Meridional section through the central capsule. In the centre the large spherical nucleus is visible. The protoplasm around it is distinctly radiate. From the central capsule arise numerous club-shaped apophyses or cæcal sacs, which are protruded through the meshes of the inner shell,	×	300
Fig. 1b. Basal part of a single radial spine, and its connection with the network of the two shells,	×	400
Fig. 2. Liosphæra polypora, n. sp.,	×	300	[78]
The greater part of the outer shell is removed.
Fig. 3. Liosphæra hexagonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[76]
Fig. 4. Carposphæra melitomma, n. sp. (vel Melitomma melittosphæra),	×	400	[73]

PLATE 20.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Drymosphæra dendrophora, n. sp.,	×	300	[249]
Fig. 1a. Meridional section through the central capsule. In the centre the large spherical nucleus is visible. The protoplasm around it is distinctly radiate. From the central capsule arise numerous club-shaped apophyses or cæcal sacs, which are protruded through the meshes of the inner shell,	×	300
Fig. 1b. Basal part of a single radial spine, and its connection with the network of the two shells,	×	400
Fig. 2. Liosphæra polypora, n. sp.,	×	300	[78]
The greater part of the outer shell is removed.
Fig. 3. Liosphæra hexagonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[76]
Fig. 4. Carposphæra melitomma, n. sp. (vel Melitomma melittosphæra),	×	400	[73]

PLATE 21.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Cubosphærida.

PLATE 21.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexastylus cochleatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[174]
From the central capsule, enclosed in the shell, numerous delicate radial pseudopodia arise, which are protruded through the pores of the shell.
Fig. 2. Hexastylus triaxonius, n. sp.,	×	400	[175]
Fig. 3. Hexastylus phænaxonius, n. sp.,	×	300	[171]
Fig. 4. Hexastylus thaletis, n. sp.,	×	400	[172]
Fig. 5. Hexastylus minimus, n. sp.,	×	400	[172]
Fig. 6. Hexastylus dimensivus, n. sp.,	×	400	[175]
Fig. 7. Hexastylus spiralis, n. sp.,	×	400	[177]
Fig. 8. Hexastylus dictyotus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Fig. 9. Hexastylus dictyotus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Central capsule with concentric nucleus and nucleolus; the protoplasm is radially striped.
Fig. 10. Hexastylus marginatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Fig. 10a. Radial section through the shell-wall.
Fig. 11. Hexastylus solonis, n. sp.,	×	400	[173]
Fig. 12. Hexastylus contortus, n. sp.,	×	300	[177]

PLATE 21.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexastylus cochleatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[174]
From the central capsule, enclosed in the shell, numerous delicate radial pseudopodia arise, which are protruded through the pores of the shell.
Fig. 2. Hexastylus triaxonius, n. sp.,	×	400	[175]
Fig. 3. Hexastylus phænaxonius, n. sp.,	×	300	[171]
Fig. 4. Hexastylus thaletis, n. sp.,	×	400	[172]
Fig. 5. Hexastylus minimus, n. sp.,	×	400	[172]
Fig. 6. Hexastylus dimensivus, n. sp.,	×	400	[175]
Fig. 7. Hexastylus spiralis, n. sp.,	×	400	[177]
Fig. 8. Hexastylus dictyotus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Fig. 9. Hexastylus dictyotus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Central capsule with concentric nucleus and nucleolus; the protoplasm is radially striped.
Fig. 10. Hexastylus marginatus, n. sp.,	×	400	[176]
Fig. 10a. Radial section through the shell-wall.
Fig. 11. Hexastylus solonis, n. sp.,	×	400	[173]
Fig. 12. Hexastylus contortus, n. sp.,	×	300	[177]

PLATE 22.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Cubosphærida.

PLATE 22.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexalonche pythagoræa, n. sp.,	×	300	[185]
Fig. 2. Hexalonche conicornis, n. sp.,	×	300	[181]
Fig. 3. Hexalonche aristarchi, n. sp.,	×	400	[185]
Fig. 4. Hexalonche philosophica, n. sp.,	×	400	[186]
Fig. 5. Hexalonche anaximandri, n. sp.,	×	400	[182]
Fig. 6. Hexalonche octocolpa, n. sp.,	×	300	[183]
Fig. 6a. The inner shell alone.
Fig. 7. Hexalonche heracliti, n. sp.,	×	300	[187]
Fig. 8. Hexalonche octahedra, n. sp.,	×	400	[181]
Fig. 8a. The inner shell alone.
Fig. 9. Hexancistra tricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[188]
Fig. 10. Hexancistra triserrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[188]
Fig. 11. Hexancistra quadricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[189]

PLATE 22.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexalonche pythagoræa, n. sp.,	×	300	[185]
Fig. 2. Hexalonche conicornis, n. sp.,	×	300	[181]
Fig. 3. Hexalonche aristarchi, n. sp.,	×	400	[185]
Fig. 4. Hexalonche philosophica, n. sp.,	×	400	[186]
Fig. 5. Hexalonche anaximandri, n. sp.,	×	400	[182]
Fig. 6. Hexalonche octocolpa, n. sp.,	×	300	[183]
Fig. 6a. The inner shell alone.
Fig. 7. Hexalonche heracliti, n. sp.,	×	300	[187]
Fig. 8. Hexalonche octahedra, n. sp.,	×	400	[181]
Fig. 8a. The inner shell alone.
Fig. 9. Hexancistra tricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[188]
Fig. 10. Hexancistra triserrata, n. sp.,	×	300	[188]
Fig. 11. Hexancistra quadricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[189]

PLATE 23.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Cubosphærida.

PLATE 23.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexadendron bipinnatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[200]
Fig. 2. Hexacromyum octahedrum, n. sp.,	×	400	[202]
Fig. 3. Hexancistra mirabilis, n. sp. (= Hexapitys mirabilis),	×	400	[189]
The spherical central capsule encloses the concentric spherical inner shell (which is filled up by the nucleus), and is surrounded by the octahedral outer shell. The latter is enveloped by the octahedral calymma, which is radially striated and contains numerous xanthellæ.
Fig. 4. Hexacaryum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	400	[203]
Fig. 5. Hexacontium clavigerum, n. sp.,	×	300	[19]

PLATE 23.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexadendron bipinnatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[200]
Fig. 2. Hexacromyum octahedrum, n. sp.,	×	400	[202]
Fig. 3. Hexancistra mirabilis, n. sp. (= Hexapitys mirabilis),	×	400	[189]
The spherical central capsule encloses the concentric spherical inner shell (which is filled up by the nucleus), and is surrounded by the octahedral outer shell. The latter is enveloped by the octahedral calymma, which is radially striated and contains numerous xanthellæ.
Fig. 4. Hexacaryum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	400	[203]
Fig. 5. Hexacontium clavigerum, n. sp.,	×	300	[19]

PLATE 24.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Cubosphærida.

PLATE 24.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexacontium sceptrum, n. sp.,	×	400	[194]
Fig. 1a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Hexacontium favosum, n. sp.,	×	400	[194]
Fig. 2a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 3. Hexacontium axotrias, n. sp.,	×	300	[192]
The six lattice-plates, which form the cortical shell, are not yet fully developed.
Fig. 4. Hexacontium floridum, n. sp.,	×	300	[195]
Fig. 4a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 5. Hexacontium papillosum, n. sp.,	×	400	[197]
Fig. 5a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 6. Hexacontium lævigatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[193]
The contours of the two medullary shells are visible in the centre.
Fig. 7. Hexacontium prionacanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[195]
Fig. 7a. The two medullary shells, connected with a fragment of the cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Cubosphæra cubaxonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[203]
Fig. 8a. A single radial spine.
Fig. 9. Hexacromyum elegans, n. sp.,	×	400	[201]
A part of the two cortical shells is broken off.

PLATE 24.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexacontium sceptrum, n. sp.,	×	400	[194]
Fig. 1a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Hexacontium favosum, n. sp.,	×	400	[194]
Fig. 2a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 3. Hexacontium axotrias, n. sp.,	×	300	[192]
The six lattice-plates, which form the cortical shell, are not yet fully developed.
Fig. 4. Hexacontium floridum, n. sp.,	×	300	[195]
Fig. 4a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 5. Hexacontium papillosum, n. sp.,	×	400	[197]
Fig. 5a. The two medullary shells.
Fig. 6. Hexacontium lævigatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[193]
The contours of the two medullary shells are visible in the centre.
Fig. 7. Hexacontium prionacanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[195]
Fig. 7a. The two medullary shells, connected with a fragment of the cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Cubosphæra cubaxonia, n. sp.,	×	400	[203]
Fig. 8a. A single radial spine.
Fig. 9. Hexacromyum elegans, n. sp.,	×	400	[201]
A part of the two cortical shells is broken off.

PLATE 25.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Cubosphærida.

PLATE 25.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexadoridium streptacanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[206]
Fig. 1a. The two concentric medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Hexalonche amphisiphon, n. sp.,	×	300	[182]
Fig. 2a. Medullary shell connected with a fragment of the cortical shell.
Fig. 2b. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell. (Below the centre of the Plate, also lettered 3a by mistake.)
Fig. 3. Hexalonche rosetta, n. sp.,	×	400	[180]
Fig. 3a. Medullary shell.
Fig. 3b. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell.
Fig. 4. Hexalonche curvicornis, n. sp.,	×	300	[181]
Outer shell not yet complete, or partly broken off (?).
Fig. 5. Hexalonche anaximenis, n. sp.,	×	400	[183]
Fig. 6. Hexalonche hystricina, n. sp.,	×	300	[187]
Fig. 7. Hexacontium circumtextum, n. sp.,	×	400	[193]
Fig. 7a. Vertical section through the double wall of the cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Hexacontium gladiatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[198]
A part of the two outer shells and of the radial spines is broken off.

PLATE 25.
Cubosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Hexadoridium streptacanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	[206]
Fig. 1a. The two concentric medullary shells.
Fig. 2. Hexalonche amphisiphon, n. sp.,	×	300	[182]
Fig. 2a. Medullary shell connected with a fragment of the cortical shell.
Fig. 2b. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell. (Below the centre of the Plate, also lettered 3a by mistake.)
Fig. 3. Hexalonche rosetta, n. sp.,	×	400	[180]
Fig. 3a. Medullary shell.
Fig. 3b. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell.
Fig. 4. Hexalonche curvicornis, n. sp.,	×	300	[181]
Outer shell not yet complete, or partly broken off (?).
Fig. 5. Hexalonche anaximenis, n. sp.,	×	400	[183]
Fig. 6. Hexalonche hystricina, n. sp.,	×	300	[187]
Fig. 7. Hexacontium circumtextum, n. sp.,	×	400	[193]
Fig. 7a. Vertical section through the double wall of the cortical shell.
Fig. 8. Hexacontium gladiatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[198]
A part of the two outer shells and of the radial spines is broken off.

PLATE 26.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.

PLATE 26.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Coscinomma amphisiphon, n. sp.,	×	300	[222]
Fig. 1a. A piece of the lattice-shell,	×	600
Fig. 1b. Vertical section through the shell-wall,	×	600
Fig. 2. Heliosphæra hexagonaria, n. sp.,	×	300	[217]
Fig. 3. Acanthosphæra castanea, n. sp.,	×	400	[211]
Fig. 4. Acanthosphæra angulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[216]
Fig. 5. Acanthosphæra reticulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[217]
Fig. 6. Heliosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[219]
Fig. 6a. A single pore with its coronal,	×	300
Fig. 7. Acanthosphæra mucronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[212]
Fig. 8. Acanthosphæra clavata, n. sp.,	×	400	[212]
Fig. 9. Heliosphæra pectinata, n. sp.,	×	400	[218]
Fig. 10. Cenosphæra perforata, n. sp.,	×	400	[66]
Fig. 11. Cenosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[67]

PLATE 26.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Coscinomma amphisiphon, n. sp.,	×	300	[222]
Fig. 1a. A piece of the lattice-shell,	×	600
Fig. 1b. Vertical section through the shell-wall,	×	600
Fig. 2. Heliosphæra hexagonaria, n. sp.,	×	300	[217]
Fig. 3. Acanthosphæra castanea, n. sp.,	×	400	[211]
Fig. 4. Acanthosphæra angulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[216]
Fig. 5. Acanthosphæra reticulata, n. sp.,	×	300	[217]
Fig. 6. Heliosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[219]
Fig. 6a. A single pore with its coronal,	×	300
Fig. 7. Acanthosphæra mucronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[212]
Fig. 8. Acanthosphæra clavata, n. sp.,	×	400	[212]
Fig. 9. Heliosphæra pectinata, n. sp.,	×	400	[218]
Fig. 10. Cenosphæra perforata, n. sp.,	×	400	[66]
Fig. 11. Cenosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	400	[67]

PLATE 27.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Astrosphærida.

PLATE 27.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cladococcus pinetum, n. sp.,	×	300	[226]
Fig. 2. Cladococcus scoparius, n. sp.,	×	300	[225]
Fig. 3. Cladococcus abietinus, n. sp.,	×	300	[226]
The central capsule, enclosed originally in the shell, sends out numerous club-shaped apophyses through the pores of the lattice-sphere. The central spherical nucleus fills up half the shell-cavity.
Fig. 4. Cladococcus stalactites, n. sp.,	×	300	[227]
Fig. 5. Cladococcus dendrites, n. sp.,	×	200	[227]

PLATE 27.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cladococcus pinetum, n. sp.,	×	300	[226]
Fig. 2. Cladococcus scoparius, n. sp.,	×	300	[225]
Fig. 3. Cladococcus abietinus, n. sp.,	×	300	[226]
The central capsule, enclosed originally in the shell, sends out numerous club-shaped apophyses through the pores of the lattice-sphere. The central spherical nucleus fills up half the shell-cavity.
Fig. 4. Cladococcus stalactites, n. sp.,	×	300	[227]
Fig. 5. Cladococcus dendrites, n. sp.,	×	200	[227]

PLATE 28.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.

PLATE 28.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Haliomma lirianthus, n. sp.,	×	300	[232]
Fig. 1a. Medullary shell,	×	300
Fig. 1b. Three pores of the cortical shell,	×	900
Fig. 2. Carposphæra nodosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[76]
Fig. 2a. The medullary shell is visible, the upper half of the cortical shell being taken off,	×	300
Fig. 3. Heliosoma radians, n. sp.,	×	300	[240]
Fig. 3a. Medullary shell,	×	300
Fig. 4. Heliosoma hastatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[241]
Fig. 5. Haliomma compactum, n. sp.,	×	400	[239]
Fig. 5a. The upper half of the cortical shell is removed,	×	300
Fig. 6. Haliomma macrodoras, n. sp.,	×	400	[238]
Fig. 7. Haliomma circumtextum, n sp.,	×	400	[233]
Fig. 8. Elatomma juniperinum, n. sp.,	×	400	[243]
Fig. 8a. Medullary shell,	×	400

PLATE 28.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Haliomma lirianthus, n. sp.,	×	300	[232]
Fig. 1a. Medullary shell,	×	300
Fig. 1b. Three pores of the cortical shell,	×	900
Fig. 2. Carposphæra nodosa, n. sp.,	×	300	[76]
Fig. 2a. The medullary shell is visible, the upper half of the cortical shell being taken off,	×	300
Fig. 3. Heliosoma radians, n. sp.,	×	300	[240]
Fig. 3a. Medullary shell,	×	300
Fig. 4. Heliosoma hastatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[241]
Fig. 5. Haliomma compactum, n. sp.,	×	400	[239]
Fig. 5a. The upper half of the cortical shell is removed,	×	300
Fig. 6. Haliomma macrodoras, n. sp.,	×	400	[238]
Fig. 7. Haliomma circumtextum, n sp.,	×	400	[233]
Fig. 8. Elatomma juniperinum, n. sp.,	×	400	[243]
Fig. 8a. Medullary shell,	×	400

PLATE 29.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Astrosphærida.

PLATE 29.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Echinomma toxopneustes, n. sp.,	×	400	[259]
Fig. 2. Echinomma sphærechinus, n. sp.,	×	400	[258]
Fig. 3. Actinomma denticulatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
Fig. 4. Actinomma pachyderma, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
The half of the cortical shell is removed.
Fig. 5. Actinomma pachyderma, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
Fig. 6. Actinomma capillaceum, n. sp.,	×	300	[255]
Fig. 7. Actinomma arcadophorum, n. sp.,	×	400	[255]
A part of the two outer shells is removed.
Fig. 8. Actinomma arcadophorum, n. sp.,	×	400	[255]
Inner medullary shell.
Fig. 9. Pityomma drymodes, n. sp.,	×	300	[260]
A part of the two outer shells is removed.

PLATE 29.
Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Echinomma toxopneustes, n. sp.,	×	400	[259]
Fig. 2. Echinomma sphærechinus, n. sp.,	×	400	[258]
Fig. 3. Actinomma denticulatum, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
Fig. 4. Actinomma pachyderma, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
The half of the cortical shell is removed.
Fig. 5. Actinomma pachyderma, n. sp.,	×	400	[254]
Fig. 6. Actinomma capillaceum, n. sp.,	×	300	[255]
Fig. 7. Actinomma arcadophorum, n. sp.,	×	400	[255]
A part of the two outer shells is removed.
Fig. 8. Actinomma arcadophorum, n. sp.,	×	400	[255]
Inner medullary shell.
Fig. 9. Pityomma drymodes, n. sp.,	×	300	[260]
A part of the two outer shells is removed.

PLATE 30.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Families Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.

PLATE 30.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cromyechinus icosacanthus, n. sp.,	×	300	[263]
Fig. 2. Cromyomma villosum, n. sp.,	×	300	[261]
Fig. 3. Cromyechinus dodecacanthus, n. sp.,	×	400	[264]
Fig. 3a. The innermost shells.
Fig. 4. Cromyomma circumtextum, n. sp.,	×	300	[262]
Fig. 5. Cromyomma mucronatum, n. sp.,	×	200	[263]
Fig. 5a. The innermost shells.
Fig. 6. Cromyodrymus abietinus, n. sp.,	×	300	[265]
Fig. 7. Cromyodrymus quadricuspis, n. sp.,	×	400	[264]
Fig. 7a. The inner concentric shells.
Fig. 8. Cromyomma perspicuum, n. sp.,	×	300	[262]
Fig. 9. Cromyosphæra quadruplex, n. sp.,	×	300	[84]
Fig. 9a. The innermost shells.

PLATE 30.
Liosphærida et Astrosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cromyechinus icosacanthus, n. sp.,	×	300	[263]
Fig. 2. Cromyomma villosum, n. sp.,	×	300	[261]
Fig. 3. Cromyechinus dodecacanthus, n. sp.,	×	400	[264]
Fig. 3a. The innermost shells.
Fig. 4. Cromyomma circumtextum, n. sp.,	×	300	[262]
Fig. 5. Cromyomma mucronatum, n. sp.,	×	200	[263]
Fig. 5a. The innermost shells.
Fig. 6. Cromyodrymus abietinus, n. sp.,	×	300	[265]
Fig. 7. Cromyodrymus quadricuspis, n. sp.,	×	400	[264]
Fig. 7a. The inner concentric shells.
Fig. 8. Cromyomma perspicuum, n. sp.,	×	300	[262]
Fig. 9. Cromyosphæra quadruplex, n. sp.,	×	300	[84]
Fig. 9a. The innermost shells.

PLATE 31.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Families Cenodiscida et Phacodiscida.

PLATE 31.
Cenodiscida et Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethostaurus orthostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[433]
Fig. 2. Sethostaurus orthostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[433]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 3. Sethostaurus recurvatus, n. sp.,	×	100	[434]
Optical section through the equatorial plane.
Fig. 4. Sethostaurus rhombostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[434]
Optical section through the equatorial plane.
Fig. 5. Sethostaurus cruciatus, n. sp. (vel Heliostaurus cruciatus),	×	300	[434]
Fig. 6. Phacostaurus oceanidum, n. sp.,	×	300	[435]
Fig. 7. Phacostaurus magnificus, n. sp.,	×	400	[436]
Fig. 8. Phacostaurus magnificus, n. sp.,	×	200	[436]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 9. Sethostylus distyliscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[428]
Fig. 10. Sethostylus dicylindrus, n. sp.,	×	300	[428]
Marginal view.
Fig. 11. Stylodiscus endostylus, n. sp. (vel Sethostylus endostylus),	×	300	[413]
Fig. 12. Phacostylus amphistylus, n. sp.,	×	300	[430]

PLATE 31.
Cenodiscida et Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethostaurus orthostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[433]
Fig. 2. Sethostaurus orthostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[433]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 3. Sethostaurus recurvatus, n. sp.,	×	100	[434]
Optical section through the equatorial plane.
Fig. 4. Sethostaurus rhombostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[434]
Optical section through the equatorial plane.
Fig. 5. Sethostaurus cruciatus, n. sp. (vel Heliostaurus cruciatus),	×	300	[434]
Fig. 6. Phacostaurus oceanidum, n. sp.,	×	300	[435]
Fig. 7. Phacostaurus magnificus, n. sp.,	×	400	[436]
Fig. 8. Phacostaurus magnificus, n. sp.,	×	200	[436]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 9. Sethostylus distyliscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[428]
Fig. 10. Sethostylus dicylindrus, n. sp.,	×	300	[428]
Marginal view.
Fig. 11. Stylodiscus endostylus, n. sp. (vel Sethostylus endostylus),	×	300	[413]
Fig. 12. Phacostylus amphistylus, n. sp.,	×	300	[430]

PLATE 32.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Phacodiscida.

PLATE 32.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Astrophacus solaris, n. sp.,	×	300	[453]
Fig. 2. Astrophacus apollinis, n. sp.,	×	300	[455]
Fig. 3. Astrophacus phacodiscus, n. sp.,	×	300	[454]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 4. Astrosestrum ephyra, n. sp.,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 4a. Transverse section through the double medullary shell,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 5. Astrosestrum nauphanta, n. sp.,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 6. Phacostylus caudatus, n. sp. (vel Astrosestrum caudatum),	×	200	[431]
Fig. 7. Perizona scutella, n. sp.,	×	400	[427]
Fig. 8. Perizona pterygota, n. sp.,	×	400	[427]
Fig. 8a. Medullary shells and radial beams connecting them with the disk,	×	300	[427]

PLATE 32.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Astrophacus solaris, n. sp.,	×	300	[453]
Fig. 2. Astrophacus apollinis, n. sp.,	×	300	[455]
Fig. 3. Astrophacus phacodiscus, n. sp.,	×	300	[454]
Vertical section through the centrum.
Fig. 4. Astrosestrum ephyra, n. sp.,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 4a. Transverse section through the double medullary shell,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 5. Astrosestrum nauphanta, n. sp.,	×	300	[442]
Fig. 6. Phacostylus caudatus, n. sp. (vel Astrosestrum caudatum),	×	200	[431]
Fig. 7. Perizona scutella, n. sp.,	×	400	[427]
Fig. 8. Perizona pterygota, n. sp.,	×	400	[427]
Fig. 8a. Medullary shells and radial beams connecting them with the disk,	×	300	[427]

PLATE 33.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Phacodiscida.

PLATE 33.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethodiscus lenticula, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Fig. 2. Sethodiscus lenticula, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Vertical section.
Fig. 3. Sethodiscus macrococcus, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Young shell, not yet closed, seen from the margin.
Fig. 4. Periphæna cincta, n. sp.,	×	400	[426]
Fig. 5. Triactiscus tricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[432]
Marginal view.
Fig. 6. Triactiscus tripyramis, n. sp.,	×	400	[432]
Fig. 7. Heliodiscus cingillum, n. sp.,	×	300	[448]
Fig. 8. Heliodiscus asteriscus, n. sp.,	×	300	[445]
Fig. 9. Heliodrymus dendrocyclus, n. sp.(vel Heliocladus dendrocyclus),	×	300	[451]

PLATE 33.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethodiscus lenticula, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Fig. 2. Sethodiscus lenticula, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Vertical section.
Fig. 3. Sethodiscus macrococcus, n. sp.,	×	300	[423]
Young shell, not yet closed, seen from the margin.
Fig. 4. Periphæna cincta, n. sp.,	×	400	[426]
Fig. 5. Triactiscus tricuspis, n. sp.,	×	300	[432]
Marginal view.
Fig. 6. Triactiscus tripyramis, n. sp.,	×	400	[432]
Fig. 7. Heliodiscus cingillum, n. sp.,	×	300	[448]
Fig. 8. Heliodiscus asteriscus, n. sp.,	×	300	[445]
Fig. 9. Heliodrymus dendrocyclus, n. sp.(vel Heliocladus dendrocyclus),	×	300	[451]

PLATE 34.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Phacodiscida.

PLATE 34.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethostylus dentatus, n. sp. (vel Heliostylus dentatus),	×	300	[429]
Upper half of the disk.
Fig. 2. Sethostylus serratus, n. sp. (vel Heliostylus serratus),	×	300	[429]
Lower half of the disk.
Fig. 3. Heliosestrum octonum, n. sp.,	×	300	[440]
Fig. 4. Heliodiscus solaster, n. sp.,	×	300	[447]
Fig. 5. Heliodiscus echiniscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[448]
Fig. 6. Heliosestrum medusinum, n. sp.,	×	300	[438]
Fig. 7. Sethostaurus conostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[433]
Normal form with four regular spines.
Fig. 8. Sethostaurus conostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[433]
Abnormal form with five spines.
Fig. 9. Heliodiscus marginatus, n. sp.,	×	100	[449]
Fig. 10. Heliodiscus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[445]
Fig. 11. Heliodiscus polymorphus, n. sp.,	×	100	[447]
Fig. 12. Heliodiscus polymorphus, n. sp.,	×	100	[447]
Fig. 13. Heliodiscus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[445]
Fig. 14. Astrophacus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[453]

PLATE 34.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sethostylus dentatus, n. sp. (vel Heliostylus dentatus),	×	300	[429]
Upper half of the disk.
Fig. 2. Sethostylus serratus, n. sp. (vel Heliostylus serratus),	×	300	[429]
Lower half of the disk.
Fig. 3. Heliosestrum octonum, n. sp.,	×	300	[440]
Fig. 4. Heliodiscus solaster, n. sp.,	×	300	[447]
Fig. 5. Heliodiscus echiniscus, n. sp.,	×	400	[448]
Fig. 6. Heliosestrum medusinum, n. sp.,	×	300	[438]
Fig. 7. Sethostaurus conostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[433]
Normal form with four regular spines.
Fig. 8. Sethostaurus conostaurus, n. sp.,	×	100	[433]
Abnormal form with five spines.
Fig. 9. Heliodiscus marginatus, n. sp.,	×	100	[449]
Fig. 10. Heliodiscus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[445]
Fig. 11. Heliodiscus polymorphus, n. sp.,	×	100	[447]
Fig. 12. Heliodiscus polymorphus, n. sp.,	×	100	[447]
Fig. 13. Heliodiscus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[445]
Fig. 14. Astrophacus trochiscus, n. sp.,	×	100	[453]

PLATE 35.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Phacodiscida.

PLATE 35.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Heliodiscus pertusus, n. sp. (vel Heliosestrum pertusum),	×	400	[448]
Irregular form with ten (instead of eight) larger latticed spines.
Fig. 2. Heliodiscus glyphodon, n. sp. (vel Heliosestrum glyphodon),	×	300	[446]
Fig. 3. Heliodrymus ramosus, n. sp.,	×	300	[452]
Fig. 4. Heliodrymus ramosus, n. sp.,	×	500	[452]
Medullary shell and a segment of the disk.
Fig. 5. Heliodrymus viminalis, n. sp.,	×	400	[452]
Marginal view.
Fig. 6. Phacodiscus clypeus, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Fig. 7. Phacodiscus rotula, n. sp.,	×	400	[424]
Marginal view.
Fig. 8. Phacodiscus lentiformis, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.
Fig. 9. Phacodiscus clypeus, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.

PLATE 35.
Phacodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Heliodiscus pertusus, n. sp. (vel Heliosestrum pertusum),	×	400	[448]
Irregular form with ten (instead of eight) larger latticed spines.
Fig. 2. Heliodiscus glyphodon, n. sp. (vel Heliosestrum glyphodon),	×	300	[446]
Fig. 3. Heliodrymus ramosus, n. sp.,	×	300	[452]
Fig. 4. Heliodrymus ramosus, n. sp.,	×	500	[452]
Medullary shell and a segment of the disk.
Fig. 5. Heliodrymus viminalis, n. sp.,	×	400	[452]
Marginal view.
Fig. 6. Phacodiscus clypeus, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Fig. 7. Phacodiscus rotula, n. sp.,	×	400	[424]
Marginal view.
Fig. 8. Phacodiscus lentiformis, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.
Fig. 9. Phacodiscus clypeus, n. sp.,	×	400	[425]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.

PLATE 36.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Coccodiscida.

PLATE 36.
Coccodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Coccodiscus lamarckii, n. sp.,	×	500	[459]
The left half of the figure represents a horizontal section through the peripheral shell, the right half a view of the surface.
Fig. 2. Coccodiscus gœthei, n. sp.,	×	500	[461]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.
Fig. 3. Lithocyclia lenticula, n. sp.,	×	400	[459]
Fig. 4. Lithocyclia lenticula, n. sp.,	×	400	[459]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 5. Coccocyclia helianthus, n. sp.,	×	400	[468]
Fig. 6. Coccocyclia helianthus, n. sp.,	×	500	[468]
Vertical section through the outer medullary shell, showing the inner.
Fig. 7. Astrocyclia solaster, n. sp.,	×	300	[466]
Fig. 8. Astrocyclia heterocycla, n. sp.,	×	400	[468]
Horizontal section through the equatorial plane.

PLATE 36.
Coccodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Coccodiscus lamarckii, n. sp.,	×	500	[459]
The left half of the figure represents a horizontal section through the peripheral shell, the right half a view of the surface.
Fig. 2. Coccodiscus gœthei, n. sp.,	×	500	[461]
Vertical section nearly through the centre.
Fig. 3. Lithocyclia lenticula, n. sp.,	×	400	[459]
Fig. 4. Lithocyclia lenticula, n. sp.,	×	400	[459]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 5. Coccocyclia helianthus, n. sp.,	×	400	[468]
Fig. 6. Coccocyclia helianthus, n. sp.,	×	500	[468]
Vertical section through the outer medullary shell, showing the inner.
Fig. 7. Astrocyclia solaster, n. sp.,	×	300	[466]
Fig. 8. Astrocyclia heterocycla, n. sp.,	×	400	[468]
Horizontal section through the equatorial plane.

PLATE 37.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order DISCOIDEA.

Family Coccodiscida.

PLATE 37.
Coccodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Staurocyclia cruciata, n. sp.,	×	400	[465]
Fig. 2. Staurocyclia phacostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[465]
Fig. 3. Staurocyclia phacostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[465]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 4. Staurocyclia magniducis, n. sp. (Coccostaurus magniducis),	×	300	[466]
Fig. 5. Trigonocyclia triangularis, n. sp.,	×	400	[464]
Fig. 6. Stylocyclia prionacantha, n. sp.,	×	500	[462]
A great part of the peripheral shell is removed.
Fig. 7. Amphicyclia amphistyla, n. sp.,	×	300	[464]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 8. Stylocyclia excavata, n. sp.,	×	200	[463]
Vertical section through the centre.

PLATE 37.
Coccodiscida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Staurocyclia cruciata, n. sp.,	×	400	[465]
Fig. 2. Staurocyclia phacostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[465]
Fig. 3. Staurocyclia phacostaurus, n. sp.,	×	300	[465]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 4. Staurocyclia magniducis, n. sp. (Coccostaurus magniducis),	×	300	[466]
Fig. 5. Trigonocyclia triangularis, n. sp.,	×	400	[464]
Fig. 6. Stylocyclia prionacantha, n. sp.,	×	500	[462]
A great part of the peripheral shell is removed.
Fig. 7. Amphicyclia amphistyla, n. sp.,	×	300	[464]
Vertical section through the centre.
Fig. 8. Stylocyclia excavata, n. sp.,	×	200	[463]
Vertical section through the centre.