Transcriber’s Note:

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

THE
BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.

JOHN GOULD, F.R.S.,

F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.E.S., F.ETHN.S., F.R.GEOG.S., M. RAY S., HON. MEMB. OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN, OF THE ROY. ZOOL. SOC. OF IRELAND, OF THE PENZANCE NAT. HIST. SOC., OF THE WORCESTER NAT. HIST. SOC., OF THE NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM AND NEWCASTLE NAT. HIST. SOC., OF THE NAT. HIST. SOC. OF DARMSTADT AND OF THE TASMANIAN SOCIETY OF VAN DIEMEN’S LAND, ETC.

IN SEVEN VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 20, BROAD STREET, GOLDEN SQUARE.

1848.

HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY

VICTORIA,

QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,

THIS WORK,

ON THE

BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA,

IS, WITH HER ROYAL PERMISSION,

DEDICATED

BY HER MAJESTY’S

MOST OBEDIENT AND FAITHFUL

SUBJECT AND SERVANT,

JOHN GOULD.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

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HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA.

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE FRENCH.

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF DENMARK.

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SARDINIA.

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS.

HIS IMPERIAL AND ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF TUSCANY.

HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF LEUCHTENBURG.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF HESSE DARMSTADT.

HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE MAXIMILIAN DE WIED.

HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF CANINO.

HIS HIGHNESS THE PRINCE D’ESSLING.

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Zoological Society of London, The.

GENERAL INDEX

		Vol. Page
Ægialitis bicinctus		VI. 16
	Monachus	VI. 18
	nigrifrons	VI. 20
Ægotheles Australis		[II. 1]
	cristatus	[II. 1]
	leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [xxvii]	[II. 2]
	lunulatus	[II. 1]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [xxvii]	[II. 1]
Acanthiza albifrons		[III. 64]
	apicalis. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 57]
	Chestnut-rumped	[V. 56]
	chrysorrhœa. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 63]
	Diemenensis. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[V. 54]
	Ewingii. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[V. 55]
	Ewing’s	[V. 55]
	frontalis	[III. 49]
	inornata. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 59]
	lineata. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 61]
	Little	[III. 60]
	Little Brown	[III. 53]
	nana. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 60]
	Plain-coloured	[III. 59]
	pyrrhopygia. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 39], [58]
	pusilla. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 53]
	Red-rumped	[III. 58]
	Reguloïdes. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 62]
	Regulus-like	[III. 62]
	Striated	[III. 61]
	Tasmanian	[V. 54]
	uropygialis. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[V. 56]
	Western	[III. 57]
	Yellow-tailed	[III. 63]
Acanthogenys rufogularis. Vol. I. p. [lviii]		[IV. 53]
Acanthorhynchus dubius. Vol. I. p. [lix]		[IV. 61]
	superciliosus. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 62]
	tenuirostris. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 61]
Acanthylis caudacuta. Vol. I. p. [xxix]		[II. 10]
Accipiter approximans. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	cirrhocephalus. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	torquatus. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]	[19]
Acrocephalus Australis. Vol. I. p. [xlv]		[III. 37]
	longirostris. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 38]
Actitis empusa. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]		VI. 35
Albatros, Black		VII. 44
	Black-eyebrowed	VII. 43
	Cautious	VII. 40
	Culminated	VII. 41
	Short-tailed	VII. 39
	Sooty	VII. 44
	Wandering	VII. 38
	Yellow-billed	VII. 42
	Yellow-nosed	VII. 42
Albatrus		VII. 38
Alcedo fusca		[II. 18]
	gigantea	[II. 18]
	gigas	[II. 18]
	tribrachys	[II. 25]
Alcyone Australis		[II. 25]
	azurea. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 25]
	Diemenensis. Vol. I. p. [xxx]
	pulchra. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]
	pusilla. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 26]
Alectura Lathami		[V. 77]
Amadina acuticauda		[III. 90]
	annulosa	[III. 81]
	castaneothorax	[III. 94]
	castanotis. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 87]
	cincta	[III. 93]
	Gouldiæ. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 88]
	Lathami. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 86]
	modesta. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 85]
	pectoralis	[III. 95]
	ruficauda	[III. 84]
Amytis leucopterus		[III. 25]
	macrourus. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 30]
	striatus. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 29]
	textilis. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 28], [29]
Anas arcuata		VII. 14
	atrata	VII. 6
	carunculata	VII. 18
	Coromandeliana	VII. 5
	fasciata	VII. 13
	jubata	VII. 3
	leucophrys	VII. 9
	lobata	VII. 18
	melanoleuca	VII. 2
	membranacea	VII. 13
	nævosa. Vol. I. p. [xcii]	VII. 10
	plutonia	VII. 6
	punctata. Vol. I. p. [xcii]	VII. 11
	Radjah	VII. 8
	Rhynchotis	VII. 12
	semipalmata	VII. 2
	superciliosa. Vol. I. p. [xci]	VII. 9
	Tadornoïdes	VII. 7
Anoüs ——?		VII. 35
	cinereus. Vol. I. p. [xcvi]	VII. 37
	leucocapillus. Vol. I. p. [xcv]	VII. 36
	melanops. Vol. I. p. [xcvi]	VII. 35
	niger	VII. 34
	stolidus. Vol. I. p. [xcvi]	VII. 34
Anser Girra		VII. 5
	griseus	VII. 1
Anseranas melanoleuca. Vol. I. p. [xci]		VII. 2
Anthochæra carunculata. Vol. I. p. [lviii]		[IV. 54], [55]
	inauris. Vol. I. p. [lviii]	[IV. 54]
	Lewinii	[IV. 55]
	lunulata. Vol. I. p. [lviii]	[IV. 57]
	mellivora. Vol. I. p. [lviii]	[IV. 56]
	Phrygia	[IV. 48]
Anthus Australis. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]		[III. 73]
	fuliginosus	[III. 70]
	minimus	[III. 72]
	pallescens	[III. 73]
	rufescens	[III. 76]
Aprosmictus erythropterus. Vol. I.
	p. lxv	[V. 18]
	scapulatus. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 17]
Aptenodyta minor		VII. 84
Aptenodytes chrysocome		VII. 83
	minor	VII. 84
	Undina	VII. 85
Apteryx Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]		VI. 2
	Owenii. Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]	VI. 3
	Owen’s	VI. 3
Aquila albirostris		I. [1]
	cuneicaudata. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	fucosa. Vol. I. p. [xxi]	[1]
	Morphnoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xxi]	[2]
	(Uroaëtus) audax. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
Ardea Bullaragang		VI. 52
	Caledonica	VI. 63
	cœrulea, var.	VI. 60
	flavicollis	VI. 65
	(Herodias) picata	VI. 62
	jugularis	VI. 60
	leucophæa. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 55
	leucops	VI. 53
	maculata	VI. 68
	Matook	VI. 60
	nigra	VI. 65
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 53
	Pacifica. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 52
	pusilla	VI. 68
	rectirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 54
	Sparmannii	VI. 63
Ardetta flavicollis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]		VI. 65
	macrorhyncha. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 66
	pusilla. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 68
	stagnatilis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 67
Artamus albiventris. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]		[II. 30]
	albovittatus	[II. 27]
	cinereus. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 29]
	leucopygialis. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 33]
	lineatus	[II. 27]
	minor	[II. 28]
	sordidus	[II. 27]
	personatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 31]
	superciliosus. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 32]
Astur albus		I. [15]
	approximans. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]	[17]
	cruentus. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]	[18]
	fasciatus	I. [17]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]	[14]
	(Leucospiza) Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	(Micronisus) torquatus. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ, albino	I. [15]
	radiatus. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]	[16], [17]
	Raii	I. [14]
	testaceus (Ernest). Vol. I. p. [xxi]
Athene? connivens. Vol. I. p. [xxvii]		[34]
Athene Boobook Vol. I. p. [xxvi]		[32]
	? fortis	I. [34]
	maculata Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[33]
	marmorata Vol. I. p. [xxvi]
	rufa Vol. I. p. [xxvii]	[36]
	strenua Vol. I. p. [xxvii]	[35]
Atrichia clamosa Vol. I. p. [xliv]		[III. 34]
Attagen Ariel Vol. I. p. [c]		VII. 72
Atticora leucosternon Vol. I. p. [xxix]		[II. 12]
Avocet, Red-necked		VI. 27
Avoset, Terek		VI. 34

Banksianus Australis Vol. I. p. [lxiv]
	galeatus	[V. 14]
Barita Anaphonensis		[II. 45]
	destructor	[II. 52]
	Quoyi	[II. 53]
	strepera	[II. 42]
	Tibicen	[II. 46], [47]
Baza subcristata Vol. I. p. [xxvi]
Bee-eater		[II. 16]
	Australian	[II. 16]
	Black and Yellow	[IV. 48]
	Blue-cheeked	[IV. 68]
	Chattering	[IV. 76]
	Cowled	[IV. 58]
	Dusky	[IV. 20]
	Embroidered	[IV. 48]
	Golden-winged	[IV. 56]
	Knob-fronted	[IV. 58]
	Mountain	[II. 16]
	Variegated	[II. 16]
	Wattled	[IV. 55]
Bernicla Coromandeliana		VII. 5
	Girra	VII. 5
	jubata Vol. I. p. [xci]	VII. 3
Bird, Alarm		VI. 9
	Australian Bell-	[IV. 80]
	Bell-	[II. 81]
		[IV. 80]
	Blood	[IV. 63]
	Brush Wattle-	[IV. 56]
	Butcher	[II. 52]
	Cat	[IV. 11]
	Coach-whip	[III. 15]
	Friar	[IV. 68]
	Great Bower-	[IV. 9]
	Little Wattle-	[IV. 57]
	Lunulated Wattle-	[IV. 57]
	Man-of-War	VII. 38
	Mock Regent	[IV. 48]
	Nankeen	VI. 63
	New Holland, Tropic	VII. 73
	Noisy Brush-	[III. 34]
	Regent	[IV. 12]
	Red-tailed Tropic	VII. 73
	Rifle	[IV. 100]
	Satin	[IV. 10]
	Satin Bower-	[IV. 10]
	Silvery-backed Butcher	[II. 51]
	Silvery-crowned Friar-	[IV. 59]
	Small Frigate	VII. 72
	Spotted Bower-	[IV. 8]
	Wattle	[IV. 54], [55]
	Yellow-throated Friar-	[IV. 60]
Bittern, Australian		VI. 64
	Little Brown	VI. 65
	Little Grey	VI. 67
	Minute	VI. 68
	Thick-billed Green	VI. 66
	Yellow-necked	VI. 65
Biziura lobata Vol. I. p. [xciii]		VII. 18
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	VII. 18
Blue-eye		[IV. 68]
Booby		VII. 78
	Brown	VII. 78
Botaurus Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]		VI. 64
Brachyptrallus Ralloïdes?		VI. 71
Brachystoma cinerea		[IV. 17]
Bristle-Bird		[III. 32]
	Long-billed	[III. 33]
Bronze-wing, Harlequin		[V. 66]
	Smith’s Partridge	[V. 68]
	Partridge	[V. 67]
	Plumed Partridge	[V. 69]
Brown-tail		[V. 54]
Burhinus magnirostris		VI. 6
Bustard, Australian		VI. 4
Buteo melanosternon. Vol. I. p. [xxv]		I. [20]
Buzzard, Black-breasted		I. [20]

Cacatua chrysolophus		[V. 1]
	Eos. Vol. I. p. [lxiii]	[V. 4]
	galeata	[V. 14]
	galerita. Vol. I. p. [lxiii]	[V. 1]
	Leadbeateri. Vol. I. p. [lxiii]	[V. 2]
	nasica	[V. 5]
	rosea	[V. 4]
	roseicapilla	[V. 4]
	sanguinea. Vol. I. p. [lxiii]	[V. 3]
Calamanthus campestris. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]		[III. 71]
	fuliginosus. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]	[III. 70]
Calamoherpe longirostris		[III. 38]
Calidris Australis		VI. 31
Callocephalon Australe		[V. 14]
	galeatum. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 14]
Calodera maculata		[IV. 8]
	nuchalis	[IV. 9]
Callopsitta, Guy		[V. 45]
Calyptorhynchus Banksii. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]		[V. 7]
	Baudinii. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 13]
	Cookii	[V. 10]
	funereus. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]	[V. 11]
	galeatus	[V. 14]
	Leachii. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]	[V. 10]
	macrorhynchus. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]	[V. 8]
	naso. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]	[V. 9]
	Solandri	[V. 10]
	stellatus	[V. 7], [10]
	Temminckii	[V. 10]
	xanthonotus. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]	[V. 12]
Campephaga, Black and White		[II. 62]
	humeralis. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 63]
	Jardine’s	[II. 60]
	Jardinii. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 60]
	Karu. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 61]
	leucomela. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 62]
	Northern	[II. 61]
	White-shouldered	[II. 63]
Caprimulgus albogularis		[II. 7]
	cristatus	[II. 1]
	gracilis?	[II. 3]
	guttatus	[II. 8]
	macrurus. Vol. I. p. [xxix]	[II. 9]
	megacephalus. Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	mystacalis	[II. 7]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[II. 1]
	vittatus	[II. 1]
Carbo hypoleucus		VII. 68
	sulcirostris	VII. 67
Carpophaga leucomela. Vol. I. p. [lxix]		[V. 59]
	luctuosa. Vol. I. p. [lxix]	[V. 60]
	magnifica. Vol. I. p. [lxix]	[V. 58]
Carvanaca grisea		VI. 6
Casarca Tadornoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xci]		VII. 7
Cassowary, New Holland		VI. 1
	Southern	VI. 1
	Van Diemen’s Land	VI. 1
Casuarius Novæ-Hollandiæ		VI. 1
Catharacta Skua		VII. 21
Catheturus Australis		[V. 77]
Ceblepyris humeralis		[II. 63]
	lineatus	[II. 58]
	melanops	[II. 55]
Centropus macrourus. Vol. I. p. [lx]
	melanurus. Vol. I. p. [lx]
	Phasianus. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 92]
	variegatus	[IV. 92]
Cerchneis immaculatus. Vol. I. p. [xxii]
Cereopsis Australis		VII. 1
	cinereus	VII. 1
	New Holland	VII. 1
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VII. 1
Certhia agilis. Vol. I. p. [li]
	auriculata	[IV. 37]
	Australasiæ	[IV. 63]
	Australasiana	[IV. 27]
	canescens. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]
	cœrulescens	[IV. 81]
	chrysotis	[IV. 32]
	dibapha	[IV. 63]
	diluta	[IV. 81]
	erythropygia	[IV. 63]
	leucophæa. Vol. I. p. [lxi]
	leucoptera?	[IV. 98]
	lunulata	[IV. 72]
	melanops? Vol. I. p. [l]
	mellivora	[IV. 56]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[IV. 23]
	picumnus	[IV. 98]
	pyrrhoptera? Vol. I. p. [l]
	tenuirostris	[IV. 61]
	sanguinolenta	[IV. 63]
Ceyx azurea		[II. 25]
	cyanea	[II. 25]
	pusilla	[II. 26]
Chætura Australis		[II. 10]
	macroptera	[II. 10]
Chalcites lucidus		[IV. 89]
	osculans. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 88]
Chalcophaps chrysochlora. Vol. I. p. [lxix]		[V. 62]
	longirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxi]
Channel-Bill		[IV. 90]
	Australasian	[IV. 90]
Charadrius bicinctus		VI. 16
	cucullatus	VI. 18
	frenatus	VI. 5
	fuscus	VI. 5
	grallarius	VI. 5
	griseus	VI. 5
	hypomelas	VI. 12
	lobatus	VI. 9
	longipes	VI. 5
	magnirostris	VI. 6
	marginatus	VI. 17
	melanops	VI. 20
	Monachus	VI. 18
	nigrifrons	VI. 20
	pectoralis	VI. 11
	ruficapillus	VI. 17
	tricolor	VI. 11
	veredus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]	VI. 14
	xanthocheilus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]	VI. 13
Chelidon arborea. Vol. I. p. [xx]
	Ariel. Vol. I. p. [xx]
Cheniscus Coromandelianus		VII. 5
Chenopis atrata		VII. 6
Cherry-picker		[IV. 70]
Chladorhynchus pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]		VI. 26
Chlamydera maculata. Vol. I. p. [lii]		[IV. 8]
	nuchalis. Vol. I. p. [lii]	[IV. 9]
Choristopus semipalmatus		VII. 2
Chough, White-winged		[IV. 16]
Chrysococcyx osculans. Vol. I. p. [lx]
	lucidus. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 89]
Chthonicola, Little		[III. 72]
	minima. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]	[III. 72]
Ciconia Australis		VI. 51
	leucoptera	VI. 51
Cincloramphus, Black-breasted		[III. 75]
	Brown	[III. 74]
	Cantatoris	[III. 75]
	Cantillans. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]	[III. 75]
	cruralis. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]	[III. 74]
	rufescens. Vol. I. p. [xlviii]	[III. 76]
	Rufous-tinted	[III. 76]
Cinclosoma castanotus. Vol. I. p. [li]		[IV. 5]
	cinnamomeus. Vol. I. p. [li]	[IV. 6]
	Cinnamon-coloured	[IV. 6]
	punctatum. Vol. I. p. [li]	[IV. 4]
Circus assimilis. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]		[26]
	axillaris	I. [23]
	Jardinii. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[27]
	(Spilocercus) Jardinii. Vol. I. p. [xxv]
Climacteris erythrops. Vol. I. p. [lxi]		[IV. 95]
	melanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 96]
	melanura. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 97]
	picumnus. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 98]
	rufa. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 94]
	scandens. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 93]
Cobbler’s Awl		[IV. 61]
Cockatoo, Banksian		[V. 7], [10], [11]
	Baudin’s	[V. 13]
	Blood-stained	[V. 3]
	Cook’s	[V. 10]
	Funereal	[V. 11]
	Gang-gang	[V. 14]
	Great-billed Black	[V. 8]
	Great Sulphur-crested	[V. 1]
	Leach’s	[V. 10]
	Leadbeater’s	[V. 2]
	Long-billed	[V. 5]
	Long-nosed	[V. 5]
	Pink	[V. 2]
	Red-tailed Black	[V. 9]
	Rose-breasted	[V. 4]
	Rose-coloured	[V. 4]
	Crested	[V. 1]
	Solander’s	[V. 10]
	The Red-vented	[V. 5]
	The Rose	[V. 4]
	Western Black	[V. 9]
	White-tailed Black	[V. 13]
	Yellow-eared Black	[V. 12]
Collared Plain Wanderer		[V. 80]
Callocalia arborea. Vol. I. p. [xxx]		[II. 14]
	Ariel. Vol. I. p. [xxx]	[II. 15]
Colluricincla, Brown		[II. 76]
	brunnea. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 76]
	Buff-bellied	[II. 75]
	cinerea	[II. 74]
	harmonica. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 74]
	Harmonious	[II. 74]
	Little	[II. 78]
	parvula. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 78]
	rectirostris	[II. 77]
Colluricincla rufiventris. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]		[II. 75]
	rufogaster Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]
	Selbii Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 77]
	strigata	[II. 77]
Columba Antarctica		[V. 61]
	armillaris	[V. 63]
	chalcoptera	[V. 64]
	chrysochlora	[V. 62]
	cuneata	[V. 74]
	dilopha	[V. 61]
	elegans	[V. 65]
	humeralis	[V. 72]
	Jamesonii	[V. 63]
	Javanica	[V. 62]
	Lawsonii	[V. 65]
	leucomela	[V. 59]
	leucomelana	[V. 59]
	Lophotes	[V. 70]
	luctuosa	[V. 60]
	Macquarie	[V. 74]
	magnifica	[V. 58]
	melanoleuca	[V. 63]
	Norfolciensis	[V. 59]
	pallida. Vol. I. p. [lx]
	Phasianella	[V. 75]
	picata	[V. 63]
	purpurata	[V. 55]
	scripta	[V. 67]
	Smithii	[V. 68]
	spiloptera	[V. 74]
	superba	[V. 57]
Coot, Australian		VI. 74
Coracias pacifica		[II. 17]
	sagittata	[IV. 13]
	strepera	[II. 42]
	Tibicen	[II. 44]
Corcorax Australis		[IV. 16]
	leucopterus. Vol. I. p. [liii]	[IV. 16]
Cormorant, Australian		VII. 66
	Groove-billed	VII. 67
	Pied	[VII. 68], [70]
	Spotted	VII. 71
	White-breasted	VII. 69
Coronica fuliginosa		[II. 43]
	strepera	[II. 42]
Corvus auritus Vol. I. p. [xliii]
	Australis	[IV. 18]
	carunculatus	[IV. 55]
	Coronoïdes Vol. I. p. [liv]	[IV. 18]
	cyanoleucos	[II. 54]
	graculinus	[II. 42]
	melanops	[II. 55]
	squamulosus	[IV. 10]
	streperus	[II. 42]
	paradoxus	[IV. 55]
Corydon galeatus		[V. 14]
Coturnix Australis		[V. 89]
	Chinensis	[V. 92]
	excalfatoria	[V. 92]
	pectoralis Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 88]
	Phillippensis	[V. 92]
Coucal, New Holland		[IV. 92]
	variegated	[IV. 92]
Cracticus argenteus Vol. I. p. [xxxv]		[II. 51]
	cinereus Vol. I. p. [xxxv]
	destructor Vol. I. p. [xxxv]	[II. 52]
	fuliginosus	[II. 43]
	hypoleucus	[II. 48]
	leucopterus Vol. I. p. [xxxv]
	nigrogularis Vol. I. p. [xxxv]	[II. 49]
	picatus Vol. I. p. [xxxv]	[II. 50]
	streperus	[II. 42]
Cracticus Tibicen		[II. 46]
	Quoyii Vol. I. p. [xxxv]	[II. 53]
	varius	[II. 49]
Crake, Water		VI. 80
	Spotted Water	VI. 79
	White-eyebrowed Water	VI. 81
Crane, Australian		VI. 48
	Blue	[VI. 53], [60]
	White	VI. 58
Creadion carunculatus		[IV. 54], [55]
Creeper, Black-backed Tree-		[IV. 96]
	Black-tailed Tree-	[IV. 97]
	Bluish-breasted	[IV. 81]
	Brown Tree-	[IV. 93]
	cœrulean	[IV. 81]
	Cochineal	[IV. 6]
	The Common	[IV. 98]
	Dirigang?	[IV. 98]
	Goruck	[IV. 56]
	Graculine	[IV. 68]
	Hooded	[IV. 61]
	mellivorus	[IV. 56]
	New Holland	[IV. 23], [25]
	Red-eyebrowed Tree-	[IV. 95]
	Red-rumped	[IV. 63]
	Rufous Tree-	[IV. 94]
	Sanguineous	[IV. 63]
	Slender-billed	[IV. 61]
	Small-crested	[IV. 63]
	Spot-eared	[IV. 32]
	White-throated Tree-	[IV. 98]
Crow		[IV. 18]
	Black-faced	[II. 55]
	Wattled	[IV. 55]
	White-eyed	[IV. 18]
Crow-Shrike, Black-throated		[II. 49]
	Grey	[II. 45]
	Hill	[II. 44]
	Quoy’s	[II. 53]
	Pied	[II. 42], [50]
	Piping	[II. 46]
	Sooty	[II. 43]
	Tasmanian	[II. 48]
	White-backed	[II. 47]
Cuculus albostrigatus		[IV. 85]
	cineraceus. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 86]
	cyanocephalus	[IV. 91]
	dumetorum Vol. I. p. [lx]
	flabelliformis	[IV. 86]
	incertus	[IV. 86]
	inornatus. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 85]
	insperatus. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 87]
	lucidus	[IV. 89]
	optatus. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 84]
	Phasianus	[IV. 92]
	variolosus	[IV. 86]
Cuckoo, Ash-coloured		[IV. 86]
	Australian	[IV. 84]
	Barred-tailed	[IV. 86]
	Black-eared	[IV. 88]
	Blue-headed	[IV. 91]
	Brush	[IV. 87]
	Fan-tailed	[IV. 86]
	Flinders’	[IV. 91]
	Golden or Bronze	[IV. 89]
	Greater	[IV. 85]
	Lesser	[IV. 86]
	Pheasant	[IV. 92]
	Shining	[IV. 89]
	Unadorned	[IV. 85]
Cuncuma leucogaster Vol. I. p. [xxi]
Curlew		VI. 42
Curlew, Australian		VI. 42
	Pygmy	VI. 32
Cygnus atratus		VII. 5
Cypselus Australis. Vol. I. p. [xxix]		[II. 11]
Cysticola campestris		[III. 41]
	exilis. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 42]
	lineocapilla. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 43]
	magna. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 41]
	isura. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 44]
	ruficeps. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 45]

Dab-chick		VII. 82
Dacelo cervina. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]		[II. 20]
	chlorocephala	[II. 21]
	gigantea. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 18]
	gigas	[II. 18]
	Leachii. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 19]
Dædalion candidum. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
Daption Capensis. Vol. I. p. [xcix]		VII. 53
Darter, New Holland		VII. 75
Dasyornis		[III. 29]
	Australis. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 32]
	? brunneus. Vol. I. p. [xliv]
	longirostris. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 33]
Dendrocygna arcuata. Vol. I. p. [xcii]		VII. 14
	Eytoni. Vol. I. p. [xcii]	VII. 15
Diamond Bird		[II. 35]
Dicæum atrogaster		[II. 34]
	hirundinaceum. Vol. I. p. [xxxii]	[II. 34]
	Swallow	[II. 34]
Dicrurus Balicassius		[II. 82]
	bracteatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxviii]	[II. 82]
Didunculus strigirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxxii]
Diomedea Antarctica		VII. 44
	brachyura. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 39
	cauta. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 40
	chlororhynchos. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 42
	chrysostoma	VII. 42
	culminata. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 41
	exulans. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 38
	fuliginosa. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 44
	fusca	VII. 44
	gibbosa. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	melanophrys. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 43
	olivaceorhyncha. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	palpebrata	VII. 44
Diver		VII. 80
Dollar Bird		[II. 17]
Donacola castaneothorax. Vol. I. p. [1]		[III. 94]
	flaviprymna. Vol. I. p. [1]	[III. 96]
	pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [1]	[III. 95]
Dottrel, Allied		VI. 19
	Australian	VI. 15
	Black-fronted	VI. 20
	Double-banded	VI. 16
	Hooded	VI. 18
	Red-capped	VI. 17
Dove, Barred-shouldered Ground-		[V. 72]
	Peaceful	[V. 73]
	Peaceful Ground-	[V. 74]
	White-quilled Rock	[V. 71]
	Turtle	[V. 74]
Dromaius ater		VI. 1
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	VI. 1
Dromiceus Australis		VI. 1
	Emu	VI. 1
	Novæ-Zelandiæ	VI. 2
Drongo, Spangled		[II. 82]
Drymodes bruneopygia. Vol. I. p. [xlii]		[III. 10]
Drymophila carinata		[II. 95]
	trivirgata	[II. 96]
Duck, Australian Wild		VII. 9
Duck, Black		VII. 9
	Blue-billed	VII. 17
	Chestnut-breasted	VII. 11
	Eyton’s	VII. 15
	Freckled	VII. 10
	Grey	VII. 9
	Hawkesbury	VII. 3
	Lobated	VII. 18
	Membranaceous	VII. 13
	Mountain	VII. 7
	Musk	VII. 18
	New Holland	VII. 13
	Pink-eyed	VII. 13
	Shovel-nosed	VII. 12
	Supercilious	VII. 9
	Whistling	VII. 14
	White	VII. 8
	White-eyed	VII. 16
	White-winged	VII. 16
	Wood	VII. 3

Eagle Hawk		I. [1]
	Lacteous	I. [15]
	Little Australian	I. [2]
	Little Swamp	I. [5]
	Mountain, of New S. Wales	I. [1]
	New Holland White	I. [15]
	Wedge-tailed	I. [1]
	Whistling	I. [5]
	White-bellied	I. [3]
	White-bellied Sea-	I. [3]
	White-breasted Rufous	I. [4]
	White-breasted Sea-	I. [4]
Egret, Australian		VI. 56
	Pied	VI. 62
	Plumed	VI. 57
	Sombre	VI. 59
	Spotless	VI. 58
Eidopsaris bicinctus		[IV. 70]
Elanus axillaris. Vol. I. p. [xxv]		[23]
	melanopterus. Vol. I. p. [xxv]
	notatus	I. [23]
	scriptus. Vol. I. p. [xxv]	[24]
Emblema picta. Vol. I. p. [1]		[III. 97]
Emu, The		VI. 1
	of New South Wales	VI. 1
Entomophila albogularis. Vol. I. p. [lvii]		[IV. 51]
	rufogularis. Vol. I. p. [lvii]	[IV. 52]
	picta. Vol. I. p. [lvii]	[IV. 50]
Entomyza albipennis. Vol. I. p. [lix]		[IV. 69]
	Blue-faced	[IV. 68]
	cyanotis. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 68]
Eöpsaltria Australis. Vol. I. p. [xlii]		[III. 11]
	flavicollis	[III. 11]
	griseogularis. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 12]
	leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 13]
	parvula	[III. 11]
Ephthianura albifrons. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]		[III. 64]
	aurifrons. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]	[III. 65]
	Orange-fronted	[III. 65]
	tricolor. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]	[III. 66]
	Tri-coloured	[III. 66]
	White-fronted	[III. 64]
Epimachus Brisbanii		[IV. 100]
	regius	[IV. 100]
Erismatura Australis. Vol. I. p. [xciii]		VII. 17
Erythrodryas rhodinogaster. Vol. I. p. [xli]		[III. 1]
	rosea. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[III. 2]
Erythrogonys cinctus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]		VI. 21
Esacus magnirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]		VI. 6
Estrelda annulosa. Vol. I. p. [xlix]		[III. 81]
	bella. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 78]
	Bichenovii. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 80]
	modesta Vol. I. p. [1].
	oculea. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 79]
	Phaëton. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 83]
	ruficauda. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 84]
	temporalis. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 82]
Eudromias Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]		VI. 15
Eudynamys Australis		[IV. 91]
	Flindersii. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 91]
	Orientalis	[IV. 91]
Eudyptes chrysocome. Vol. I. p. [cii]		VII. 83
	chrysolopha	VII. 83
	demersus	VII. 83
Eulabeornis castaneoventris. Vol. I. p. [xc]		VI. 78
Euphema aurantia. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]		[V. 39]
	Bourkii. Vol. I. p. [lxvii]	[V. 43]
	chrysostoma. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 37]
	discolor	[V. 47]
	elegans. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 38]
	petrophila. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 40]
	pulchella. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 41]
	splendida. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 42]
	undulata	[V. 44]
Eurostopodus albogularis. Vol. I. p. [xxviii]		[II. 7]
	guttatus. Vol. I. p xxviii	[II. 8]
Eurystomus Australis. Vol. I. p. [xxx]		[II. 18]
	Orientalis	[II. 17]

Falcinellus igneus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]		VI. 47
Falco albus		I. [15]
	axillaris	I. [23]
	Berigora	I. [11]
	Cenchroïdes	I. [13]
	clarus	I. [14]
	connivens	I. [34]
	frontatus. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]	[10]
	fucosus	I. [1]
	(Hierofalco) subniger	I. [9]
	hypoleucus. Vol. I. p. [xxii]	[7]
	(Hypotriorchis) frontatus Vol. I. p. [xxiii]
	leucaëtos. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
	leucogaster	I. [3]
	longipennis. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]
	lunulatus. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]
	macropus. Vol. I. p. [xxii]
	melanogenys. Vol. I. p. [xxii]	[8]
	melanops. Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
	nisus	I. [19]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	I. [15]
	Peregrinus	I. [8]
	Ponticerianus. Vol. I. p. [xxii]
	radiatus	I. [16],[17]
	subbuteo. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]
	subniger. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]	[9]
	torquatus	I. [19]
Falcon, Black		I. [9]
	Black-cheeked	I. [8]
	Fair	I. [14]
	Grey	I. [7]
	Little	I. [10]
	Radiated	I. [16]
	White-fronted	I. [10]
	Winking	I. [34]
Falcunculus flavigulus		[II. 79]
	frontatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxviii]	[II. 79]
	gutturalis	[II. 81]
	leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [xxxviii]	[II. 80]
Fantail, Northern		[II. 85]
	Rufous-fronted	[II. 84]
Fantail, White-shafted		[II. 83]
Fig-eater		[IV. 82]
Finch, Banded Grass-		[III. 93]
	Beautiful Grass-	[III. 89]
	Bicheno’s	[III. 80]
	Black-rumped	[III. 81]
	Chestnut-breasted	[III. 94]
	Chestnut-eared	[III. 87]
	Crimson	[III. 83]
	Fire-tailed	[III. 78]
	Gouldian	[III. 88]
	Long-tailed Grass-	[III. 90]
	Masked Grass-	[III. 91]
	Painted	[III. 97]
	Plain-coloured	[III. 85]
	Red	[III. 83]
	Red-eared	[III. 79]
	Red-eyebrowed	[III. 82]
	Red-tailed	[III. 84]
	Spotted-sided	[III. 86]
	Temporal	[III. 82]
	White-breasted	[III. 95]
	White-eared Grass-	[III. 92]
	White-headed	[III. 86]
	Yellow-rumped	[III. 96]
Fire-tail		[III. 78]
Flycatcher, Black Fantailed		[II. 86]
	Black-fronted	[II. 96]
	Broad-billed	[II. 92]
	Brown	[II. 93], [94]
	Carinated	[II. 95]
	Coach-whip	[III. 15]
	Hooded	[III. 7]
	Orange-rumped	[II. 84]
	Plumbeous	[II. 89]
	Pretty	[II. 90]
	Red-bellied	[III. 4]
	Restless	[II. 87]
	Rufous-fronted	[II. 84]
	Shining	[II. 88], [91]
	Soft-tailed	[III. 31]
	Solitary	[III. 69]
	Southern	[III. 11]
	Wagtail	[II. 86]
	Yellow-eared	[IV. 45]
	Yellow-tufted	[IV. 37]
Forty-spot		[II. 37]
Fregilus leucopterus		[IV. 16]
Friar		[IV. 58]
	Yellow-throated	[IV. 60]
Fringilla bella		[III. 78]
	Bichenovii	[III. 80]
	Lathami	[III. 86]
	leucocephala	[III. 86]
	oculea	[III. 79]
	Phaëton	[III. 83]
	quinticolor	[III. 82]
	temporalis	[III. 82]
Fulica Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]		VI. 74

Gaira fusca		VII. 34
Gallinago Australis		VI. 40
Gallinula immaculata		VI. 82
	tenebrosa. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]	VI. 73
	ventralis	VI. 72
	Black-backed	VI. 69
	Sombre	VI. 73
	Spotless	VI. 82
Gannet, Australian		VII. 76
	Brown	VII. 78
	Lesser	VII. 79
	Masked	VII. 77
	Red-legged	VII. 79
Geopelia cuneata. Vol. I. p. [lxxii]		[V. 74]
	humeralis. Vol. I. p. [lxxi]	[V. 72]
	placida. Vol. I. p. [lxxi]	[V. 73]
	tranquilla. Vol. I. p. [lxxi]	[V. 73]
Geophaps plumifera. Vol. I. p. [lxxi]		[V. 69]
	scripta. Vol. I. p. [lxx]	[V. 67]
	Smithii. Vol. I. p. [lxx]	[V. 68]
Geronticus spinicollis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]		VI. 45
Gerygone albogularis. Vol. I. p. [xli]		[II. 97]
	Buff-breasted	[II. 101]
	chloronotus. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 102]
	culicivorus. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 99]
	fusca. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 98]
	Fuscous	[II. 98]
	Great-billed	[II. 100]
	Green-backed	[II. 102]
	lævigaster. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 101]
	magnirostris. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 100]
	White-throated	[II. 97]
	Western	[II. 99]
Glareola Australis		VI. 22
	grallaria. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 22
	Isabella	VI. 22
	Orientalis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 23
Glottis Glottoïdes. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]		VI. 36
Glyciphila albifrons. Vol. I. p. [lv]		[IV. 29]
	fasciata. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 30]
	fulvifrons. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 28]
	ocularis. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 31]
	subocularis	[IV. 31]
Gnathodon		[V. 76]
	strigirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxxii]	[V. 76]
Goatsucker, Banded		[II. 1]
	Bristled	[II. 1]
	Cold-River	[II. 3]
	Crested	[II. 1]
	Fichtel’s Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	Gracile	[II. 3]
	Great-headed. Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	Large-tailed	[II. 9]
	New Holland	[II. 1]
	Spotted	[II. 8]
	Wedge-tailed Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	White-throated	[II. 7]
Godwit, Barred-rumped		VI. 29
	Black-tailed	VI. 28
	Terek	VI. 34
Goose, Beautiful Pygmy		VII. 4
	Black and White	VII. 2
	Cape Barren	VII. 1
	Cereopsis	VII. 1
	Little	VII. 4
	Maned	VII. 3
	Mother Cary’s	VII. 45
	Semipalmated	VII. 2
	Pygmy	VII. 5
Goshawk, Australian		I. [17]
	New Holland	I. [14]
	Radiated	I. [16]
	West Australian	I. [18]
	White	I. [15]
Gracula cyanotis		[IV. 68]
	picata	[II. 54]
	strepera	[II. 42]
	viridis	[IV. 13]
Grallina Australis. Vol. I. p. [xxxv]		[II. 54]
	bicolor	[II. 54]
	melanoleuca	[II. 54]
	picata	[II. 54]
	Pied	[II. 54]
Grakle, Blue-eared		[IV. 68]
Grakle, Green		[IV. 13]
	Pied	[II. 54]
	Satin	[IV. 10]
Grape-eater		[IV. 82]
Graucalus, Ground		[II. 59]
	hypoleucus. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 57]
	melanops. Vol. I. p. [xxxv]	[II. 55]
	melanotis Vol. I. p. [xxxv]
	mentalis. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 56]
	parvirostris Vol. I. p. [xxxv]
	Phasianellus	[II. 59]
	Swainsonii. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]	[II. 58]
	Swainson’s	[II. 58]
	tenuirostris	[II. 60]
	varied	[II. 56]
	White-bellied	[II. 57]
Grebe, Australian Tippet		VII. 80
	Black-throated	VII. 81
	Hoary-headed	VII. 82
	Green-leek	[V. 15]
	Greenshank, Australian	VI. 36
	Grinder, The	[II. 87]
	Grosbeak, Black-lined	[III. 78]
	Fascinating	[II. 93]
	Spotted	[III. 86]
	Spotted-sided	[III. 86]
Grus Australasianus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]		VI. 48
Gull, Crimson-billed		VII. 20
	Jameson’s	VII. 20
	Larger	VII. 19
	Little	VII. 20
	Pacific	VII. 19
	Silver	VII. 20
	Skua	VII. 21
Gygis candida. Vol. I. p. [xcv]		VII. 30
Gymnophrys torquatus		[IV. 72]
Gymnorhina leuconota. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]		[II. 47]
	organicum. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 48]
	Tibicen. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 46]

Hæmatops lunulatus		[IV. 72]
	validirostris	[IV. 70]
Hæmatopus Australasianus		VI. 7
	fuliginosus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]	VI. 8
	longirostris. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]	VI. 7
	picatus	VI. 7
Haladroma Urinatrix		VII. 60
Haladrome, Diving		VII. 60
Halcyon incinctus		[II. 24]
	MacLeayii. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 24]
	MacLeay’s	[II. 24]
	pyrrhopygia. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 22]
	Red-backed	[II. 22]
	sacra	[II. 21]
	Sacred	[II. 21]
	sanctus. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 21]
	Sordid	[II. 23]
	sordidus. Vol. I. p. [xxxi]	[II. 23]
Haliæetus canorus		I. [5]
	leucogaster	I. [3]
	leucosternus	I. [4]
	sphenurus	I. [3]
Haliaëtus Calei		I. [16]
	(Ictinoaëtus) canorus Vol. I. p. xxii
	(Ictinoaëtus) leucosternon Vol. I. p. xxii
	(Pontoaëtus) leucogaster Vol. I. p. xxi
Haliastur leucosternus Vol. I. p. [xxii]		[4]
	? sphenurus Vol. I. p. [xxii]	[5]
Harrier, Allied		I. [26]
	Jardine’s	I. [27]
Hawk, Blue		I. [8]
	Brown	I. [11]
	Collared Sparrow	I. [19]
	Crested	I. [25]
	Fish	I. [6]
	Little	I. [19]
	Little Fish	I. [6]
	Nankeen	I. [13]
	New Holland Sparrow	I. [19]
	Orange-speckled	I. [11]
	Swamp	I. [26]
	Western Brown	I. [12]
	Whistling	I. [5]
	White	I. [15]
Hemipode, Black-backed		[V. 84]
	Black-breasted	[V. 81]
	Chestnut-backed	[V. 85]
	Red-chested	[V. 86]
	Sparkling	[V. 83]
	Swift-flying	[V. 87]
	varied	[V. 82]
Hemipodius castanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]		[V. 85]
	melanogaster. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 81]
	melanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 84]
	pyrrhothorax. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 86]
	scintillans. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 83]
	varius. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 82]
	velox. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 87]
Hen, Port Egmont		VII. 21
Herodias Greyi. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]		VI. 61
	immaculata. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 58
	jugularis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 60
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	VI. 53
	pannosus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 59
	plumiferus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 57
	picata. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]	VI. 62
	syrmatophorus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 56
Heron, Australian		VI. 55
	Blue Beef	VI. 60
	Caledonian Night	VI. 63
	Great-billed	VI. 54
	Nankeen Night	VI. 63
	New Holland Night	VI. 63
	Pacific	VI. 52
	Spotted	VI. 68
	White-fronted	VI. 53
	White-necked	VI. 52
	White Reef	VI. 61
	Yellow-necked	VI. 65
Hiaticula bicincta. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]		VI. 16
	inornata. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 19
	monacha. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 18
	nigrifrons. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 20
	ruficapilla. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiii]	VI. 17
Himantopus leucocephalus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]		VI. 24
	Novæ-Zealandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 25
	palmatus	VI. 26
Hirundo caudacuta		[II. 10]
	Javanica	[II. 13]
	leucosternus	[II. 12]
	neoxena. Vol. I. p. [xxx]	[II. 13]
	nigricans	[II. 14]
	pacifica. Vol. I. p. [xxix]	[II. 10]
	pyrrhonota	[II. 14]
Honey-eater, Banded		[IV. 65]
	Barred-tailed?	[IV. 98]
	Black	[IV. 66]
	Black and Yellow	[IV. 48]
	Black-cheeked	[IV. 45]
	Black-headed	[IV. 75]
Honey-eater, Black-throated		[IV. 71]
	Blue-cheeked	[IV. 68]
	Brown	[IV. 31]
	Buff-winged	[IV. 93]
	Chattering	[IV. 76]
	Coach-whip	[III. 15]
	Cochineal	[IV. 63]
	Cœrulean	[IV. 81]
	Cowled	[IV. 58]
	Dirigang	[IV. 98]
	Fasciated	[IV. 30]
	Flapping	[IV. 61]
	Fulvous-fronted	[IV. 28]
	Fuscous	[IV. 44]
	Garrulous	[IV. 76]
	Golden-crowned	[IV. 12]
	Golden-winged	[IV. 56]
	Graculine	[IV. 68]
	Knob-fronted	[IV. 58]
	Lanceolate	[IV. 47]
	Long-billed	[IV. 24]
	Lunulated	[IV. 7], [72]
	Luteous	[IV. 78]
	Mellivorous	[IV. 56]
	Moustached	[IV. 26]
	Mustachoe	[IV. 37]
	New Holland	[IV. 23]
	Obscure	[IV. 67]
	Painted	[IV. 50]
	Pale-cheeked	[IV. 68]
	Pied	[IV. 49]
	Red-eyed	[IV. 72]
	Red-headed	[IV. 64]
	Red-throated	[IV. 52]
	Rufous-vented	[II. 67]
	Sanguineous	[IV. 63]
	Singing	[IV. 33]
	Slender-billed	[IV. 61]
	Sombre	[IV. 77]
	Spiny-cheeked	[IV. 53]
	Strong-billed	[IV. 70]
	Swan River	[IV. 73]
	Tasmanian	[IV. 27]
	Tufted-eared	[IV. 37]
	Uniform	[IV. 46]
	Varied	[IV. 34]
	Warty-faced	[IV. 48]
	Wattled	[IV. 54], [56]
	Wattle-cheeked	[IV. 38]
	White-cheeked	[IV. 25]
	White-crowned	[IV. 68]
	White-eared	[IV. 36]
	White-eyebrowed?	[IV. 27]
	White-fronted	[IV. 29]
	White-pinioned	[IV. 69]
	White-plumed	[IV. 43]
	White-throated	[IV. 51], [74]
	Yellow	[IV. 42]
	Yellow-eared	[IV. 32]
	Yellow-faced	[IV. 45]
	Yellow-throated	[IV. 35]
	Yellow-tinted	[IV. 41]
	Yellow-tufted	[IV. 37]
	Yellow-winged	[IV. 24]
Honey-sucker, Black-crowned		[IV. 72]
	Black-throated	[IV. 29]
	Blue-cheeked	[IV. 68]
	Brown	[IV. 31]
	Crimson-throated	[II. 34]
	Larger	[IV. 33]
	White-throated	[IV. 28]
Hornbill, Psittaceous		[IV. 90]
Hornbill, Anomalous		[IV. 90]
Hydrobates lobatus		VII. 18
Hydrochelidon fluviatilis. Vol. I. p. [xcv]		VII. 31
Hylacola cauta. Vol. I. p. [xlv]		[III. 40]
	pyrrhopygia. Vol. I. p. [xlv]	[III. 39]

Ibis, Black-necked		VI. 46
	Falcinellus	VI. 47
	Glossy	VI. 47
	lamellicollis	VI. 45
	New Holland	VI. 45
	spinicollis	VI. 45
	Straw-necked	VI. 45
	strictipennis	VI. 46
	White	VI. 46
Ichthyiaëtus leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [xx]
Ieracidea Berigora Vol. I. p. [xxiii]		[11]
	Occidentalis Vol. I. p. [xxiii]	[12]

Jabiru, New Holland		VI. 51
Jackass, Laughing		[II. 18]
Jungle-fowl		[V. 79]

Kestril, Nankeen		I. [13]
Kingfisher		[II. 21]
	Azure	[II. 25]
	Bush	[II. 24]
	Fawn-breasted	[II. 20]
	Giant	[II. 18]
	Great Brown	[II. 18]
	Leach’s	[II. 19]
	Little	[II. 26]
	Sacred	[II. 21]
	Tridigitated	[II. 25]
Kite		I. [22]
	Allied	I. [21]
	Black-shouldered	I. [23]
	Letter-winged	I. [24]
	Square-tailed	I. [22]
Kitta holosericea		[IV. 10]
	virescens	[IV. 11]
Kiwi-kiwi		VI. 2

Laniarius albicollis		[II. 64]
Lanius curvirostris Vol. I. p. [xxx]
	frontatus	[II. 79]
	Karu	[II. 61]
	macularius	[II. 67]
	robustus	[II. 56]
	robustus? Vol. I. p. [xxx]
	Saturninus	[II. 74]
	torquatus Vol. I. p. [xxx]
Lark, Common		[III. 73]
	Sand	VI. 17
	Singing	[III. 76]
	Sky-	[III. 75]
Larus Catarractes		VII. 21
	frontalis	VII. 19
	fuscus	VII. 21
	Georgii	VII. 19
	Jamesonii	VII. 20
	leucomelas	VII. 19
	Pacificus. Vol. I. p. [xciii]	VII. 19
	scopulinus	VII. 20
Lathamus azureus		[V. 41]
	concinnus	[V. 52]
	discolor. Vol. I. p. [lxvii]	[V. 47]
	pusillus	[V. 54]
	rubrifrons	[V. 47]
Leather-neck		[IV. 60]
Leipoa ocellata. Vol. I. p. [lxxiii]		[V. 78]
	Ocellated	[V. 78]
Lepidogenys subcristatus Vol. I. p. [xxvi]		[25]
Leptolophus auricomis		[V. 45]
Leptopteryx albovittata		[II. 27]
	minor	[II. 28]
Leptorhynchus pectoralis		VI. 26
Leptotarsis Eytoni. Vol. I. p. [xcii]		VII. 15
Lestris Catarractes. Vol. I. p. [xciii]		VII. 21
Leucosarcia picata. Vol. I. p. [lxx]		[V. 63]
Licmetis nasicus. Vol. I. p. [lxiii]		[V. 5]
	pastinator Vol. I. p. [lxiii]
	tenuirostris	[V. 5]
Limosa Melanuroïdes. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]		VI. 28
	recurvirostra	VI. 34
	Terek	VI. 34
	uropygialis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 29
Lobivanellus lobatus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]		VI. 9
	personatus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]	VI. 10
Lopholaimus Antarcticus Vol. I. p. [lxix]		[V. 61]
Lophorhynchus Antarcticus		[V. 61]
	dilophus	[V. 61]
Lorikeet, Porphyry-crowned		[V. 53]
	Red-collared	[V. 49]
	Scaly-breasted	[V. 50]
	Swainson’s	[V. 48]
	Swift	[V. 47]
	Varied	[V. 51]
Lory, King		[V. 17]
	Red-winged	[V. 18]
Loxia bella		[III. 78]
	fascinans	[II. 93]
Lyre-Bird		[III. 14]

Macropygia Phasianella. Vol. I. p. [lxxii]		[V. 75]
Magpie		[II. 50]
	Black	[II. 43]
	Lark	[II. 54]
	Little	[II. 54]
	White	[II. 48]
Malacorhynchus fasciatus		VII. 13
	membranaceus. Vol. I. p. [xcii]	VII. 13
Malurus Brownii Vol. I. p. [xliii]		[III. 26], [27]
	cruentatus	[III. 27]
	cyaneus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 18]
	elegans. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 22]
	exilis	[III. 42]
	galactotes	[III. 35]
	Lamberti. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 24]
	leucopterus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 25]
	longicaudus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 19]
	malachurus	[III. 31]
	melanocephalus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 26]
	melanotus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 20]
	pectoralis	[III. 21]
	pulcherrimus. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 23]
	splendens. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 21]
	textilis	[III. 28]
Manakin, Desmaretian		[II. 34]
	Striped-headed	[II. 38], [39]
Manorhina viridis		[IV. 80]
Manorina viridis		[IV. 80]
Manikin, Speckled		[II. 35]
Mareca castanea		VII. 11
	punctata	VII. 11
Martin		[II. 14]
	Fairy	[II. 15]
	Tree	[II. 14]
Mawepawk, Little		[II. 1]
Megalopterus stolidus		VII. 34
Megalurus cruralis		[III. 74]
	galactotes	[III. 35]
Megapode, Mound-raising		[V. 79]
Megapodius menura		[III. 14]
Megapodius Tumulus. Vol. I. p. [lxxvii]		[V. 79]
Meleagris Lindsayii		[V. 77]
Melicophila picata. Vol. I. p. [lvii]		[IV. 49]
Meliornis Novæ-Hollandiæ		[IV. 23]
Meliphaga atricapilla		[IV. 72]
	auricomis	[IV. 37]
	Australasiana. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 27]
	Balgonera	[IV. 23]
	barbata	[IV. 23]
	Cardinalis	[IV. 63]
	cœrulea	[IV. 81]
	chrysocephala	[IV. 12]
	chrysops	[IV. 45]
	chrysotis	[IV. 32]
	cyanops	[IV. 68]
	fulvifrons	[IV. 28]
	fusca	[IV. 44]
	inornata	[IV. 27]
	leucotis	[IV. 36]
	longirostris. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 24]
	lunulata	[IV. 72]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lv]	VI. 23
	penicillata	[IV. 43]
	Phrygia	[IV. 48]
	sericea. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 25]
	sericeola	[IV. 25]
	tenuirostris	[IV. 61]
	torquata	[IV. 72]
	mystacalis. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 26]
Melithreptus albogularis. Vol. I. p. [lix]		[IV. 74]
	chloropsis. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 73]
	gularis. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 71]
	lunulatus. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 72]
	melanocephalus. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 75]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[IV. 23]
	validirostris. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 70]
Melopsittacus undulatus. Vol. I. p. [lxvii]		[V. 44]
Menura Lyra		[III. 14]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[III. 14]
	paradisea	[III. 14]
	Superb	[III. 14]
	superba. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 14]
	vulgaris	[III. 14]
Merops carunculatus		[IV. 55]
	chrysopterus	[IV. 56]
	corniculatus	[IV. 58]
	cyanops	[IV. 68]
	garrulus	[IV. 76]
	melanurus	[II. 16]
	monachus	[IV. 58]
	ornatus. Vol. I. p. [xxx]	[II. 16]
	Phrygius	[IV. 48]
Micrœca assimilis Vol. I. p. [x]
	flavigaster. Vol. I. p. [xl]	[II. 94]
	Great-winged	[II. 93]
	macroptera. Vol. I. p. [xl]	[II. 93]
	Yellow-bellied	[II. 94]
Microcygna Coromandeliana		VII. 5
Milvus affinis Vol. I. p. [xxv]		[21]
	(Hydroictinia) affinis Vol. I. p. [xx]
	isurus Vol. I. p. [xxv]	[22]
	sphenurus Vol. I. p. [xxii]	[5]
Mimeta flavo-cincta		[IV. 14]
	Meruloïdes	[IV. 13]
	viridis	[IV. 13]
Mimetes flavo-cinctus		[IV. 14]
	viridis	[IV. 13]
Miner		[IV. 76]
	Yellow-throated	[IV. 79]
Mirafra Horsfieldii. Vol. I. p. [xlix]		[III. 77]
	Horsfield’s	[III. 77]
Monarcha carinata. Vol. I. p. [xl]		[II. 95]
Monarcha trivirgata. Vol. I. p. [x]		[II. 96]
Moor Hen		VI. 72
Morepork		[II. 4]
Motacilla Australis		[III. 11]
	cyanea	[III. 18]
	pusilla	[III. 53]
	solitaria	[III. 69]
	Southern	[III. 11]
	superba	[III. 18]
Muscicapa auricomis		[IV. 37]
	Australis	[III. 11]
	barbata Vol. I. p. [xlv]
	crepitans	[III. 15]
	cucullata	[III. 7]
	erythrogaster Vol. I. p. [xli]
	erythrogastra	[III. 4]
	Georgiana Vol. I. p. [xli]
	Goodenovii	[III. 5]
	gularis Vol. I. p. [xli]
	Lathami	[III. 1]
	malachura	[III. 31]
	multicolor	[III. 3]
	mystacea	[IV. 37]
	pectoralis	[II. 67]
	rufifrons	[II. 84]
	vittata Vol. I. p. [xli]
Muscipeta carinata		[II. 95]
Mycteria, Australian		VI. 51
	Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 51
Myiägra concinna. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]		[II. 90]
	latirostris. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 92]
	macroptera	[II. 93]
	nitida. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 89]
	plumbea. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 89]
	Rubeculoïdes	[II. 91]
Myzantha flavigula. Vol. I. p. [lx]		[IV. 79]
	flavirostris	[IV. 80]
	garrula. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 76]
	lutea. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 78]
	melanophrys. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 80]
	obscura. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 77]
Myzomela obscura. Vol. I. p. [lix]		[IV. 67]
	erythrocephala. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 64]
	nigra. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 66]
	pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 65]
	sanguinolenta. Vol. I. p. [lix]	[IV. 63]

Nanodes Bourkii		[V. 43]
	discolor	[V. 47]
	elegans	[V. 38]
	pulchellus	[V. 41]
	undulatus	[V. 44]
	venustus	[V. 37]
	? zonarius	[V. 20]
Native Companion		VI. 48
	Hen	VI. 71
Neomorpha acutirostris		[IV. 19]
	crassirostris	[IV. 19]
	Gouldii Vol. I. p. [liv]	[IV. 19]
	Gould’s	[IV. 19]
Neops chrysoptera		[IV. 101]
Nettapus albipennis Vol. I. p. [xc]
	Coromandelianus. Vol. I. p. [xci]	VII. 5
	pulchellus. Vol. I. p. [xci]	VII. 4
Nestor productus. Vol. I. p. [lxiv]		[V. 6]
Nightjar, Owlet-		[II. 1]
	White-bellied Owlet-	[II. 2]
Nisus Australis		I. [19]
	(Urospiza) approximans Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	(Urospiza) radiatus Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	(Urospiza) torquatus Vol. I. p. [xxi]
Noctua Boobook		I. [32]
	maculata	I. [33]
Noddy		[VII. 32], [34]
	Black	VII. 34
	Grey	VII. 37
	Lesser	VII. 35
Noisy Roller		[II. 42]
Notodela Karu		[II. 61]
Numenius Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]		VI. 42
	minutus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]	VI. 44
	uropygialis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]	VI. 43
Nuthatch, New Holland		[IV. 98]
	Orange-winged	[IV. 101]
Nycticorax Caledonicus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxviii]		VI. 63
Nymphicus Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxvii]		[V. 45]
Nyroca Australis. Vol. I. p. [xcii]		VII. 16

Oceanites Wilsonii		VII. 65
Ocyphaps Lophotes. Vol. I. p. [lxx]		[V. 70]
Ocypteras albovittatus		[II. 27]
	cinereus	[II. 29]
	fuscatus	[II. 29]
	minor	[II. 28]
	superciliosus	[II. 32]
Œdicnemus grallarius. Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]		VI. 5
	longipes	VI. 5
	magnirostris	VI. 6
	recurvirostris	VI. 6
Onychoprion fuliginosus? Vol. I. p. [xcv]		VII. 32
	Panaya. Vol. I. p. [xcvi]	VII. 33
	serratus	VII. 32
Oreocincla lunulata. Vol. I. p. [li]		[IV. 7]
	macrorhyncha	[IV. 7]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[IV. 7]
Oreoïca, Crested		[II. 81]
	gutturalis. Vol. I. p. [xxxviii]	[II. 81]
Organ-Bird		[II. 48]
Origma rubricata. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]		[III. 69]
	solitaria	[III. 69]
Oriole, Crescent-marked		[IV. 14]
	New South Wales	[IV. 13]
Oriolus affinis Vol. I. p. [liii]
	flavocinctus. Vol. I. p. [liii]	[IV. 14]
	regens	[IV. 12]
	variegatus	[IV. 13]
	viridis. Vol. I. p. [liii]	[IV. 13]
Orthonyx maculatus		[IV. 99]
	Spine-tailed	[IV. 99]
	spinicaudus. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 99]
	Temminckii	[IV. 99]
Osprey, White-headed		I. [6]
Otis Australis Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]
	Australasianus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxi]	VI. 4
Owl, Boobook		I. [32]
	Brown or Cuckoo	I. [32]
	Chestnut-faced	I. [28]
	Delicate	I. [31]
	Masked Barn	I. [29]
	Rufous	I. [36]
	Powerful	I. [35]
	Sooty	I. [30]
	Spotted	I. [33]
	Winking	I. [34]
Oxyura Australis		VII. 17
Oyster-catcher, Black		VI. 8
	Sooty	VI. 8
	White-breasted	VI. 7

Pachycephala Australis		[III. 11]
	Black-tailed	[II. 66]
	falcata. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 68]
Pachycephala fuliginosa		[II. 64]
	fusca	[II. 64]
	Gilbertii. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 71]
	Gilbert’s	[II. 71]
	glaucura. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 65]
	Grey-tailed	[II. 65]
	gutturalis. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 64]
	inornata Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]
	Lanoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 69]
	Lunulated	[II. 68]
	melanura. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 66]
	olivacea. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 73]
	Olivaceous	[II. 73]
	pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 67]
	Plain-coloured	[II. 72]
	Red-throated	[II. 70]
	rufogularis. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 70]
	Shrike-like	[II. 69]
	simplex. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]	[II. 72]
	striata	[II. 67]
Pachyptila Banksii Vol. I. p. [xci]
	Forsteri	VII. 55
	vittata	VII. 55
Palæornis anthopeplus		[V. 16]
	Barrabandi	[V. 15]
	melanura	[V. 16]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[V. 45]
	rosaceus	[V. 15]
Pandion Gouldii Vol. I. p. [xxi]
	leucocephalus Vol. I. p. [xxi]	[6]
Paralcyon gigas		[II. 18]
Pardalote, Allied		[II. 39]
	Black-headed	[II. 40]
	Forty-spotted	[II. 37]
	Red-lored	[II. 36]
	Spotted	[II. 35]
	Striated	[II. 38]
	Yellow-rumped	[II. 41]
Paradalotus affinis. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]		[II. 39]
	melanocephalus. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 40]
	ornatus	[II. 38]
	punctatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 35]
	quadragintus. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 37]
	rubricatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 36]
	striatus. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 38]
	uropygialis. Vol. I. p. [xxxiii]	[II. 41]
Parkinsonius mirabilis		[III. 14]
Paroquet, Pacific		[V. 52]
	Red-shouldered	[V. 47]
	Small	[V. 54]
Parra Gallinacea. Vol. I. p. [xc]		VI. 75
	Gallinaceous	VI. 75
Partridge, Australian		[V. 89]
	New Holland	[V. 82]
	Sombre	[V. 91]
	Van Diemen’s Land	[V. 90]
Parrakeet, Adelaide		[V. 22]
	Barnard’s	[V. 21]
	Barraband’s	[V. 15]
	Bauer’s	[V. 20]
	Beautiful	[V. 34]
	Black-spotted, of Van Diemen’s Land	[V. 46]
	Black-tailed	[V. 16]
	Blue-banded	[V. 37]
	Blue-Banded Grass-	[V. 37]
	Blue-bellied	[V. 48]
	Bourke’s Grass-	[V. 43]
	Brown’s	[V. 31]
	Cockatoo	[V. 45]
	Chestnut-shouldered Grass-	[V. 41]
	Crested	[V. 45]
	Crimson-bellied	[V. 33]
	Crimson-fronted	[V. 52]
	Elegant Grass-	[V. 38]
	Fiery	[V. 30]
	Ground	[V. 38], [46]
	Little	[V. 54]
	Long-billed?	[V. 6]
	Many-coloured	[V. 35]
	Musk	[V. 52]
	Musky	[V. 52]
	Orange-bellied	[V. 41]
	Orange-bellied Grass-	[V. 39]
	Pacific	[V. 52]
	Pale-headed	[V. 26]
	Red-backed	[V. 36]
	Pennant’s	[V. 23]
	Red-capped	[V. 32]
	Red-shouldered	[V. 47]
	Rock	[V. 40]
	Rock Grass-	[V. 40]
	Rose-hill	[V. 27]
	Small	[V. 54]
	Splendid	[V. 28]
	Splendid Grass-	[V. 42]
	Swamp	[V. 46]
	Swift	[V. 47]
	The Earl of Derby’s	[V. 29]
	Turcosine	[V. 41]
	Twenty-eight	[V. 19]
	Undulated	[V. 44]
	Warbling Grass-	[V. 44]
	Wilson’s?	[V. 6]
	Yellow-bellied	[V. 24]
	Yellow-collared	[V. 19]
	Yellow-rumped	[V. 25]
Parrot, Barnard’s		[V. 21]
	Bauer’s	[V. 20]
	Blue	[V. 32]
	Blue-bellied	[V. 48]
	Brown’s	[V. 31]
	Caledonian?	[V. 24]
	Canary	[V. 44]
	Crimson-winged	[V. 18]
	Green	[V. 24]
	Ground	[V. 46]
	Mountain	[V. 16]
	New Caledonian?	[V. 24]
	Nonpareil	[V. 27]
	Orange-bellied	[V. 41]
	Pacific	[V. 52]
	Pheasant	[V. 22]
	Phillip Island	[V. 6]
	Pennantian	[V. 23]
	Red-crowned	[V. 14]
	Scarlet and Green	[V. 17]
	Scarlet-breasted	[V. 15]
	Small	[V. 54]
	Smutty	[V. 31]
	Sulphur-headed?	[V. 24]
	Tabuan	[V. 17]
	Undulated	[V. 44]
	Van Diemen’s	[V. 24]
	Varied	[V. 35]
Passer stultus		VII. 34
Pedionomus microurus Vol. I. p. [lxxix]
	torquatus. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 80]
Pelican, Australian		VII. 74
Pelecanoïdes Urinatrix		VII. 60
Pelecanopus Pelecanoïdes		VII. 23
Pelecanus conspicillatus. Vol. I. p. [ci]		VII. 74
	fiber	VII. 78
	nævius	VII. 71
Pelecanus plotus		VII. 78
	punctatus	VII. 71
	Sula	VII. 78
	varius	VII. 68
Pelidna subarquata		VI. 32
Penguin, Apterous		VI. 2
	Crested	VII. 83
	Fairy	VII. 85
	Little	VII. 84
Perdix Australis		[V. 89]
	Chinensis	[V. 92]
	Manillensis	[V. 92]
	varia	[V. 82]
Peristera chalcoptera. Vol. I. p. [lxx]		[V. 64]
	elegans. Vol. I. p. [lxx]	[V. 65]
	histrionica. Vol. I. p. [lxx]	[V. 66]
Pernis (Hyptiopus) subcristatus Vol. I. p. [xxvi]
Petrel, Allied		VII. 59
	Another Blue	VII. 52
	Black-bellied Storm	VII. 62
	Blue	VII. 52
	Broad-billed	VII. 55
	Cape	VII. 53
	Cook’s	VII. 51
	Diving	VII. 60
	Fleshy-footed	VII. 57
	Frigate	VII. 61
	Giant	VII. 45
	Great Grey	VII. 47
	Grey-backed Storm	VII. 64
	Pintado	VII. 53
	Short-tailed	VII. 56
	Silvery-grey	VII. 48
	Soft-plumaged	VII. 50
	Spectacled	VII. 46
	Wedge-tailed	VII. 58
	White-and-Black spotted	VII. 53
	White-bellied Storm	VII. 63
	White-faced Storm	VII. 61
	White-headed	VII. 49
	Wilson’s Storm	VII. 65
Petroïca bicolor. Vol. I. p. [xlii]		[III. 7]
	erythrogastra. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 4]
	fusca. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 8]
	Goodenovii. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 5]
	modesta	[III. 4]
	multicolor. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 3]
	phœnicea. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 6]
	pulchella	[III. 4]
	rhodinogaster	[III. 1]
	rosea	[III. 2]
	superciliosa. Vol. I. p. [xlii]	[III. 9]
Petrophassa albipennis. Vol. I. p. [lxxi]		[V. 71]
Pewit, Black-breasted		VI. 11
	Masked	VI. 10
	Wattled	VI. 9
Pezoporus formosus. Vol. I. p. [lxvii]		[V. 46]
	rufifrons	[V. 46]
Phaëton erubescens		VII. 73
	phœnicurus. Vol. I. p. [ci]	VII. 73
Phalacrocorax Carboïdes. Vol. I. p. [c]		VII. 66
	hypoleucus. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 68
	leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 69
	melanoleucus. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 70
	pica	VII. 68
	punctatus. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 71
	sulcirostris. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 67
Phaps chalcoptera. Vol. I. p. [lxx]		[V. 64]
	elegans Vol. I. p. [lx]
	histrionica Vol. I. p. [lx]
Pheasant		[III. 14]
	Native	[V. 78]
Philedon cœruleus		[IV. 81]
	rubrifrons	[IV. 28]
Philemon garrulus		[IV. 76]
	Phrygius	[IV. 48]
Piezorhynchus nitidus. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]		[II. 88]
Pigeon, Blue		[II. 55]
	Bronze	[V. 64]
	Bronze-winged	[V. 64]
	Brush Bronze-winged	[V. 65]
	Cape	VII. 53
	Crested	[V. 70]
	Ewing’s Fruit-	[V. 56]
	Little Bronze	[V. 65]
	Little Green	[V. 62]
	Magnificent Fruit-	[V. 58]
	Mangrove	[V. 72]
	Norfolk	[V. 59]
	of the Marshes, The Crested	[V. 70]
	Opaline	[V. 68]
	Partridge	[V. 68]
	Pheasant-tailed	[V. 75]
	Pied	[V. 63]
	Superb Fruit-	[V. 57]
	Swainson’s Fruit-	[V. 55]
	Top-knot	[V. 61]
	Torres’ Strait Fruit-	[V. 60]
	White-faced	[V. 63]
	White-fleshed	[V. 63]
	White-headed Fruit-	[V. 59]
Pinguinaria cristata		VII. 83
Pipit, Australian		[III. 73]
Pipra Desmaretii		[II. 34]
	punctata	[II. 35]
	striata	[II. 38]
	striata?	[II. 39]
Pitta brachyura		[IV. 2]
	Iris. Vol. I. p. [li]	[IV. 3]
	Noisy	[IV. 1]
	Rainbow	[IV. 3]
	strepitans. Vol. I. p. [1]	[IV. 1]
	versicolor	[IV. 1]
	Vigorsii. Vol. I. p. [li]	[IV. 2]
	Vigors’	[IV. 2]
Platalea flavipes. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]		VI. 49
	regia. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvii]	VI. 50
Platycercus Adelaidiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxv]		[V. 22]
	Barnardi. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 21]
	Baueri. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 20]
	Brownii. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 31]
	erythropterus	[V. 18]
	eximius. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 27]
	flaveolus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 25]
	flaviventris. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 24]
	hæmatogaster	[V. 33]
	hæmatonotus	[V. 36]
	icterodes	[V. 29]
	icterotis. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 29]
	ignitus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 30]
	multicolor	[V. 35]
	palliceps. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 26]
	Pennantii. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 23]
	pileatus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 32]
	pulcherrimus	[V. 34]
	semitorquatus. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 19]
	splendidus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 28]
	scapularis	[V. 17]
	scapulatus	[V. 17]
	Stanleyii	[V. 29]
	zonarius	[V. 20]
Plautus albatrus		VII. 38
Plectorhyncha lanceolata. Vol. I. p. [lvi]		[IV. 47]
Plotus Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [ci]		VII. 75
Plover, Australian Golden		VI. 13
	Bridled	VI. 5
	Brown	VI. 55, 14
	Chestnut-breasted	VI. 16
	Great-billed	VI. 6
	Grey	VI. 12
	Grisled	VI. 5
	High-legged	VI. 5
	Long-billed	VI. 6
	Red-necked	VI. 17
	Southern Stone	VI. 5
	Wattled	VI. 10
Plyctolophus Eos		[V. 4]
	funeralis	[V. 11]
	galeatus	[V. 14]
	galeritus	[V. 1]
	Leadbeateri	[V. 2]
	productus	[V. 6]
	tenuirostris	[V. 5]
Podargus Australis?		[II. 3]
	brachypterus Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	cinereus?	[II. 3]
	Cuvieri	[II. 4]
	Cuvier’s	[II. 4]
	? gracilis?	[II. 3]
	humeralis. Vol. I. p. [xxviii]	[II. 3]
	megacephalus Vol. I. p. [xxvii]
	Moth-plumaged	[II. 5]
	Phalænoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xxviii]	[II. 5]
	Plumed	[II. 6]
	plumiferus. Vol. I. p. [xxviii]	[II. 6]
	Stanleyanus Vol. I. p. [xxviii]
	Tawny-shouldered	[II. 3]
Podiceps Australis. Vol. I. p. [cii]		VII. 80
	Dominicus, var. Vol. I. p. [cii]
	gularis. Vol. I. p. [cii]	VII. 81
	Nestor	VII. 82
	poliocephalus. Vol. I. p. [cii]	VII. 82
Poëphila acuticauda. Vol. I. p. [l]		[III. 90]
	cincta. Vol. I. p. [l]	[III. 93]
	Gouldiæ. Vol. I. p. [l]
	leucotis. Vol. I. p. [l]	[III. 92]
	mirabilis. Vol. I. p. [xlix]	[III. 89]
	personata. Vol. I. p. [l]	[III. 91]
Polophilus leucogaster		[IV. 92]
	Phasianus	[IV. 92]
	variegatus	[IV. 92]
Polytelis Barrabandi. Vol. I. p. [lxv]		[V. 15]
	melanura. Vol. I. p. [lxv]	[V. 16]
Pomatorhinus, Red-breasted		[IV. 21]
	rubeculus. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 21]
	superciliosus. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 22]
	Temporal	[IV. 20]
	temporalis. Vol. I. p. [lv]	[IV. 20]
	trivirgatus	[IV. 20]
	White-eyebrowed	[IV. 22]
Porphyrio, Azure-breasted		VI. 70
	bellus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]	VI. 70
	Black-backed	VI. 69
	melanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]	VI. 69
Porzana fluminea. Vol. I. p. [xc]		VI. 79
	? immaculata. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VI. 82
	leucophrys. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VI. 81
	palustris. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VI. 80
Praticola campestris		[III. 71]
	fuliginosa	[III. 70]
Pratincole, Australasian		VI. 22
	Oriental	VI. 23
Prion, Ariel Vol. I. p. [xcix]
	Banksii Vol. I. p. [xcix]
	Broad-billed	VII. 55
	Dove-like	VII. 54
	Turtur. Vol. I. p. [xcix]	VII. 54
	vittatus. Vol. I. p. [xcix]	VII. 55
Procellaria Æquinoctialis Vol. I. p. [xcvi]
	Antarctica Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	cœrulea. Vol. I. p. [xcviii]	VII. 52
	conspicillata, Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 46
	Cookii. Vol. I. p. [xcviii]	VII. 51
	flavirostris Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	Forsteri	[VII. 52], [55]
	gigantea. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 45
	Glacialoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xcviii]	VII. 48
	hasitata. Vol. I. p. [xcvii]	VII. 47
	Lessonii. Vol. I. p. [xcviii]	VII. 49
	leucocephala	VII. 49
	leucoptera	VII. 51
	macroptera Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	marina	VII. 61
	mollis. Vol. I. p. [xcviii]	VII. 50
	nævia	VII. 53
	nivea Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	pelagica	VII. 65
	similis	VII. 52
	Solandri Vol. I. p. [xcvii]
	tridactyla	VII. 60
	Turtur	VII. 54
	Urinatrix	VII. 60
	vagabunda	VII. 49
	velox	VII. 51
	vittata	VII. 55
	Wilsonii	VII. 65
Psephotus hæmatogaster. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]		[V. 33]
	hæmatonotus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 36]
	multicolor. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 35]
	pulcherrimus. Vol. I. p. [lxvi]	[V. 34]
Psilopus albogularis		[II. 97]
	brevirostris	[II. 103]
	culicivorus	[II. 99]
	fuscus	[II. 98]
	olivaceus Vol. I. p. [xl]
Psittacula Florentis		[V. 53]
Psittacus Australis		[V. 47], [52]
	Banksianus	[V. 47]
	Banksii	[V. 7], [10]
	Barrabandii	[V. 15]
	Baueri	[V. 20]
	Brownii	[V. 24], [31]
	Caledonicus?	[V. 24]
	capitatus	[V. 27]
	chlorolepidotus	[V. 50]
	chrysogaster	[V. 41]
	chrysostomus	[V. 37]
	concinnus	[V. 52]
	Cookii	[V. 10]
	cyanomelas	[V. 20]
	cyanopygius	[V. 17]
	discolor	[V. 47]
	Edwardsii	[V. 41]
	elegans	[V. 23]
	Eos	[V. 4]
	erythropterus	[V. 18]
	eximius	[V. 27]
	flaviventris	[V. 24]
	formosus	[V. 46]
	funereus	[V. 11]
	galeatus	[V. 14]
	galeritus	[V. 1]
	gloriosus	[V. 23]
	humeralis	[V. 47]
	icterotis	[V. 29]
	Leachii	[V. 10]
	magnificus	[V. 7]
	melanotus	[V. 18]
	multicolor	[V. 35]
	nasicus	[V. 5]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	[V. 45]
	Pacificus	[V. 52]
	Pennantii	[V. 23]
	phœnicocephalus	[V. 14]
	pulchellus	[V. 41]
	purpurea	[V. 53]
	purpureocephalus	[V. 32]
	purpureus	[V. 53]
	pusillus	[V. 54]
	rubrifrons	[V. 52]
	sagittifer Barrabandi	[V. 15]
	scapulatus	[V. 17]
	semitorquatus	[V. 19]
	Solandri	[V. 10]
	splendidus	[V. 23]
	Tabuensis	[V. 17]
	Temminckii	[V. 10]
	tenuirostris	[V. 5]
	terrestris	[V. 46]
	undulatus	[V. 44]
	velatus	[V. 52]
	venustus	[V. 31], [37]
	viridis	[V. 20]
	zonarius	[V. 20]
Psophodes, Black-throated		[III. 16]
	crepitans. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 15]
	nigrogularis. Vol. I. p. [xliii]	[III. 16]
Pteropodocys Phasianella. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]		[II. 59]
Ptilinopus Ewingii. Vol. I. p. [lxix]		[V. 56]
	purpuratus, var. Regina	[V. 55]
	superbus. Vol. I. p. [lxix]	[V. 57]
	Swainsonii. Vol. I. p. [lxix]	[V. 55]
Ptilonorhynchus holosericeus. Vol. I. p. [lii]		[IV. 10]
	MacLeayii	[IV. 10]
	nuchalis	[IV. 9]
	Smithii. Vol. I. p. [lii]	[IV. 11]
	squamulosus	[IV. 10]
	viridis	[IV. 11]
Ptiloris paradisea		[IV. 100]
	paradiseus. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 100]
Ptilotis auricomis. Vol. I. p. [lvi]		[IV. 37]
	chrysops. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 45]
	chrysotis. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 32]
	cratitius. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 38]
	flava. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 42]
	flavescens. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 41]
	flavigula. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 35]
	fusca	[IV. 44]
	fuscus. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 44]
	Graceful	[IV. 39]
	leucotis. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 36]
	Lewinii? Vol. I. p. [lvi]
	ornatus. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 39]
	penicillatus. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 43]
	Plumed	[IV. 40]
	plumulus. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 40]
	sonorus. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 33]
	unicolor. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 46]
	versicolor. Vol. I. p. [lvi]	[IV. 34]
Puffinuria Garnotii		VII. 60
	Urinatrix. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 60
Puffinus assimilis. Vol. I. p. [xcix]		VII. 59
	Australis	VII. 59
	brevicaudus. Vol. I. p. [xcix]	VII. 56
	carneipes. Vol. I. p. [xcix]	VII. 57
	sphenurus. Vol. I. p. [xcix]	VII. 58
Pyrrhocorax leucopterus		[IV. 16]
	violaceus	[IV. 10]
Pyrrholæmus brunneus. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]		[III. 68]

Quail, Brown		[V. 89]
	Chinese	[V. 92]
	Greater Brown	[V. 90]
	Little	[V. 87]
	Manilla	[V. 92]
	New Holland	[V. 89]
	Painted	[V. 82]
	Pectoral	[V. 88]
	Stubble	[V. 88]
	Thick-billed	[V. 85]
	Varied	[V. 82]
Quaker		VI. 63

Rail		VI. 78
	Land	VI. 76
	Lewin’s Water	VI. 77
	Pectoral	VI. 76
Rallus brachipus		VI. 77
	Lewinii. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VI. 77
	pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [xc]	VI. 76
Raven, South Sea		[IV. 18]
Recurvirostra Novæ-Hollandiæ		VI. 27
	rubricollis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 27
Red-bill		[III. 82]
Red-knee, Banded		VI. 21
Red-throat, Brown		[III. 68]
Reed-Lark, Field		[III. 71]
	Striated	[III. 70]
Rhipidura albiscapa. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]		[II. 83]
	Dryas Vol. I. p. [xxxix]
	flabellifera	[II. 83]
	isura. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 85]
	Motacilloïdes. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 86]
	picata Vol. I. p. [xxxix]
	rufifrons. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]	[II. 84]
Rhynchæa, Australian		VI. 41
	Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]	VI. 41
Rhynchaspis fasciata		VII. 13
	maculatus	VII. 12
	membranacea	VII. 13
	Rhynchotis	VII. 12
Robin		[III. 3]
	Black	[III. 7]
	Dusky	[III. 8]
	Flame-breasted	[III. 6]
	Grey-breasted	[III. 12]
	Norfolk Island	[III. 4]
	Pied	[III. 7]
	Pink-breasted	[III. 1]
	Pink-breasted Wood-	[III. 1]
	Red-capped	[III. 5]
	Rose-breasted Wood-	[III. 2]
	Scarlet-breasted	[III. 3], [4]
	Scrub	[III. 10]
	White-bellied	[III. 13]
	White-eyebrowed	[III. 9]
	Yellow	[III. 11]
	Yellow-breasted	[III. 11]
Roller, Australian		[II. 17]
	Pacific	[II. 17]
	Piping	[II. 46]
	Streaked	[IV. 13]
	Striated	[IV. 13]
	Varied	[IV. 11]
Rose-hill		[V. 29]
	Moreton Bay	[V. 26]

Sandpiper, Curlew		VI. 32
	Fairy	VI. 35
	Great	VI. 33
	Green	VI. 35
	Grey	VI. 12
	Grey-rumped	VI. 38
	Least	VI. 31
	Little	VI. 31
	Marsh	VI. 37
	Swiss	VI. 12
	Wattled	VI. 9
Sarciophorus pectoralis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]		VI. 11
Saxicola chrysorrhœa		[III. 63]
	rhodinogaster	[III. 1]
	solitaria.	[III. 69]
	splendens	[III. 21]
Schœniclus albescens. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]		VI. 31
	Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 30
	magnus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 33
	subarquatus. Vol. I. p. [lxxxiv]	VI. 32
Scolopax Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]		VI. 40
	cinerea	VI. 34
	Hardwickii	VI. 40
	subarquata	VI. 32
	Terek	VI. 34
Scythrops Australasiæ		[IV. 90]
	Australis	[IV. 90]
	Novæ-Hollandiæ. Vol. I. p. [lxi]	[IV. 90]
Seïsura inquieta. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]		[II. 87]
	volitans	[II. 87]
Sericornis, Allied		[III. 48]
	Buff-breasted	[III. 50]
	citreogularis. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 46]
	frontalis. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 49]
	humilis. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 47]
	lævigaster. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 50]
	Large-billed	[III. 52]
	maculatus. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 51]
	magnirostris. Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 52]
	osculans Vol. I. p. [xlvi]	[III. 48]
	parvulus	[III. 49]
	Sombre-coloured	[III. 47]
	Spotted	[III. 51]
	White-fronted	[III. 49]
	Yellow-throated	[III. 46]
Sericulus chrysocephalus. Vol. I. p. [lii]		[IV. 12]
	magnirostris. Vol. I. p. [lii]
	regens	[IV. 12]
Shag, Black		VII. 66
	Black and White	VII. 68
	Crested	VII. 71
	Little	VII. 70
	Pied	VII. 68
	Spotted	VII. 71
Shieldrake, Chestnut-coloured		VII. 7
	New Holland	VII. 7
	Radjah	VII. 8
Shoveller, Australian		VII. 12
	New Holland	VII. 12
Shrike, Frontal		[II. 79]
	Robust	[II. 56]
Shrike-Tit, Frontal		[II. 79]
	White-bellied	[II. 80]
Sitta? chrysoptera		[IV. 101]
Sittella, Black-capped		[IV. 104]
	chrysoptera. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 101]
	leucocephala. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 102]
	leucoptera. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 103]
	melanocephala	[IV. 104]
	Orange-winged	[IV. 101]
	pileata. Vol. I. p. [lxii]	[IV. 104]
	White-headed	[IV. 102]
	White-winged	[IV. 103]
Smicrornis brevirostris. Vol. I. p. [xli]		[II. 103]
	flavescens. Vol. I. p. [xli]	[II. 104]
	Short-billed	[II. 103]
	Yellow-tinted	[II. 104]
Snipe, Land		VI. 31
	New Holland	VI. 40
	Terek	VI. 34
Soldier, Poor		[IV. 58]
Sparrow, Native		[III. 79]
	Satin	[II. 91]
Sparvius cirrhocephalus Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
	lunulatus Vol. I. p. [xxiii]
	melanops Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
	niveus Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
	tricolor Vol. I. p. [xxiv]
Spatula Rhynchotis. Vol. I. p. [xcii]		VII. 12
Sphecotheres Australis. Vol. I. p. [liii]		[IV. 15]
	Australian	[IV. 15]
	canicollis	[IV. 15]
	virescens	[IV. 15]
	viridis	[IV. 15]
Spheniscus		VII. 83
	minor. Vol. I. p. [cii]	VII. 84
	Undina. Vol. I. p. [cii]	VII. 85
Sphenœacus galactotes. Vol. I. p. [xliv]		[III. 35]
	gramineus. Vol. I. p. [xliv]	[III. 36]
	Grass-loving	[III. 36]
	Tawny	[III. 35]
Sphenostoma cristatum. Vol. I. p. [xliii]		[III. 17]
	Spine-bill	[IV. 61]
	Slender-billed	[IV. 61]
	White-eyebrowed	[IV. 62]
Spoonbill, Royal		VI. 50
	Yellow-legged	VI. 49
Squatarola Helvetica. Vol. I. p. [lxxxii]		VI. 12
Squeaker		[II. 45]
Sterna alba		VII. 30
	candida	VII. 30
	gracilis. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 27
	guttata	VII. 32
	melanauchen. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 28
	melanorhyncha. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 26
	Oahuensis.	VII. 32
	Panaya	VII. 33
	Pelecanoïdes	VII. 23
	poliocerca	VII. 24
	serrata	VII. 32
	stolida	VII. 34
	(Sylochelidon) strenuus	VII. 22
	velox	VII. 26
Sternula Nereis. Vol. I. p. [xciv]		VII. 29
Stilt, Banded		VI. 26
	New Zealand	VI. 25
	White-headed	VI. 24
Stipiturus malachurus. Vol. I. p. [xliv]		[III. 31]
Strepera		[II. 42]
	arguta. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 44]
	Anaphonensis. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 45]
	fuliginosa. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 43]
	graculina. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]	[II. 42]
	melanoptera. Vol. I. p. [xxxiv]
	plumbea	[II. 45]
Strepsilas collaris		VI. 39
	Interpres. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]	VI. 39
Strix Boobook		I. [32]
	castanops. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[28]
	Cyclops	I. [29]
	delicatulus. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[31]
	flammea?. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]
	personata. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[29]
	tenebricosus. Vol. I. p. [xxvi]	[30]
Struthidea, Grey		[IV. 17]
	cinerea. Vol. I. p. [liii]	[IV. 17]
Sula Australis. Vol. I. p. [ci]		VII. 76
	Brasiliensis	VII. 78
	candida	VII. 79
	erythrorhyncha	VII. 79
	fiber	VII. 78
	fusca. Vol. I. p. [ci]	VII. 78
	personata. Vol. I. p. [ci]	VII. 77
	piscator. Vol. I. p. [ci]	VII. 79
	rubripes	VII. 79
Swallow, Australian Spine-tailed		[II. 10]
	Black-and-white	[II. 12]
	Dun-rumped	[II. 14]
	Grey-breasted Wood-	[II. 29]
	Little Wood-	[II. 28]
	Masked Wood-	[II. 31]
	Needle-tailed?	[II. 10]
	New Holland	[II. 13]
	New Holland?	[II. 10]
	Pin-tailed	[II. 10]
	Welcome	[II. 13]
	White-breasted	[II. 12]
	White eyebrowed Wood-	[II. 32]
	White-rumped Wood-	[II. 33]
	White-vented Wood-	[II. 30]
	Wood-	[II. 27], [29]
Swamp-Hen		VI. 70
	Little	VI. 82
Swan, Black. Vol. I. p. [xci]		VII. 6
	Black, of Van Diemen	VII. 6
	Shawian or Black	VII. 6
Swift, Australian		[II. 11]
Sylvia annulosa		[IV. 81]
	chrysops	[IV. 45]
	cyanea	[III. 18]
	flavigastra. Vol. I. p. [xlii]
	hirundinacea	[II. 34]
	lateralis	[IV. 81]
	leucophæa. Vol. I. p. [xl]
	pusilla	[III. 53]
	rubricata	[III. 69]
	rufiventris. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]
	versicolor. Vol. I. p. [lxi]
Sylochelidon poliocerca		VII. 24
	strenuus. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 22
Synoïcus Australis. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]		[V. 89]
	? Chinensis. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 92]
	Diemenensis. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 90]
	sordidus. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]	[V. 91]

Tadorna Radjah. Vol. I. p. [xci]		VII. 8
Talegalla Lathami. Vol.I. p. lxxiii		[V. 77]
	Wattled	[V. 77]
Tantalus Falcinellus		VI. 47
	igneus	VI. 47
Tanypus Australis		[II. 54]
Teal		VII. 11
	Coromandel	VII. 5
	Girra	VII. 5
Terekia cinerea. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]		VI. 34
	Javanica	VI. 34
Tern, Bass’s Straits		VII. 24
	Black-billed	VII. 26
	Black-naped	VII. 28
	Caspian	VII. 23
	Crested	VII. 23
	Graceful	VII. 27
	Marsh	VII. 31
	Noddy	VII. 34
	Panayan	VII. 33
	Powerful	VII. 22
	Little	VII. 29
	Little Australian	VII. 29
Sooty		VII. 32
	Torres	VII. 25
	Torres’ Straits	VII. 23
	White	VII. 30
	White-capped	VII. 36
	Yellow-billed	VII. 23
Tetrao Chinensis		[V. 92]
	Manillensis	[V. 92]
Thalasseus Pelecanoïdes. Vol. I. p. [xciv]		VII. 23
	poliocercus. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 24
	Torresii. Vol. I. p. [xciv]	VII. 25
Thalassidroma Tropica. Vol. I. p. [c]
	leucogaster. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 63
	marina. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 61
	melanogaster. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 62
	Nereis. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 64
	Oceanica	VII. 65
	Wilsonii. Vol. I. p. [c]	VII. 65
Thick-head, Banded		[II. 67]
Threskiornis strictipennis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxvi]		VI. 46
Thrush		[II. 75]
	Australian	[II. 74]
	Black-browed	[IV. 80]
	Black-crowned	[II. 64]
	Blue-cheeked	[IV. 68]
	Chestnut-backed Ground-	[IV. 5]
	Crested	[II. 81]
	Dilute	[II. 74]
	Grey-headed	[II. 74]
	Guttural	[II. 64]
	Harmonic	[II. 74]
	Lunulated	[IV. 7]
	Mountain	[IV. 7]
	Orange-breasted	[II. 67]
	Port Jackson	[II. 74]
	Punctated	[IV. 4]
	Restless	[II. 87]
	Sordid	[II. 27]
	Spotted Ground-	[IV. 4]
	Volatile	[II. 87]
	White-eared	[IV. 36]
	Yellow-breasted	[III. 11]
Thunder Bird		[II. 64]
Tinnunculus Cenchroïdes. Vol. I. p. [xxiii]		[13]
Tody, Red-breasted		[II. 91]
Todus Rubecula		[II. 91]
Totanus Glottoïdes		VI. 36
	griseopygius. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]	VI. 38
	Javanicus	VI. 34
	stagnatilis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxv]	VI. 37
Tribonyx, Black-tailed		VI. 72
	Mortieri. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]	VI. 71
	Mortier’s	VI. 71
	ventralis. Vol. I. p. [lxxxix]	VI. 72
Trichoglossus Australis		[V. 52]
	chlorolepidotus. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 50]
	concinnus. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 52]
	hæmatodus	[V. 48]
	Matoni	[V. 50]
	multicolor	[V. 48]
	porphyrocephalus. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 53]
	pusillus. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 54]
	rubritorquis. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 49]
	Swainsonii. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 84]
	versicolor. Vol. I. p. [lxviii]	[V. 51]
Tringa albescens		VI. 31
	Australis	VI. 30
	Australian	VI. 30
	Helvetica	VI. 12
	Interpres	VI. 39
	lobata	VI. 9
	Squatarola	VI. 12
	subarquata	VI. 32
Tropidorhynchus argenticeps. Vol. I. p. [lviii]		[IV. 59]
	citreogularis. Vol. I. p. [lviii]	[IV. 60]
	corniculatus. Vol. I. p. [lviii]	[IV. 58]
	cyanotis	[IV. 68]
	monachus	[IV. 58]
Turdus badius		[II. 74]
	cyaneus	[IV. 68]
	dilutus	[II. 74]
	dubius. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]
	frivolus. Vol. I. p. [lv]
	gutturalis	[II. 64]
	harmonicus	[II. 74]
	inquietus	[II. 87]
	leucotis	[IV. 36]
	lunularis	[II. 64]
	lunulatus	[IV. 7]
	maxillaris. Vol. I. p. [liii]
	melanophrys	[IV. 80]
	muscicola. Vol. I. p. [xxxix]
	prasinus. Vol. I. p. [xxxvii]
	punctatus	[IV. 4]
	sordidus	[II. 27]
	varius	[IV. 7]
	volitans	[II. 87]
Turkey		VI. 4
	Brush	[V. 77]
	Native	VI. 4
Turnix castanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]
	melanogaster. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]
	melanotus. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 84]
	pyrrhothorax. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]
	scintillans. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]
	varius. Vol. I. p. [lxxix]	[V. 82]
	velox. Vol. I. p. [lxxx]
Turnstone		VI. 39
Turtur? Lophotes		[V. 70]

Vanga cinerea. Vol. I. p. [xxxv]
	destructor	[II. 52]
	nigrogularis	[II. 49]
Vanellus gallinaceus		VI. 9
	griseus	VI. 12
	Helveticus	VI. 12
	lobatus	VI. 9
Vanellus melanogaster		VI. 12
	Novæ-Hollandiæ	VI. 9
Vultur Audax. Vol. I. p. [xxi]
Vulture, New Holland		[V. 77]

Warbler, Dwarf		[III. 60], [62]; [V. 53]
	Exile	[III. 42]
	Lineated	[III. 43]
	Long-billed Sedge-	[III. 38]
	Red-breasted	[III. 3]
	Reed	[III. 37]
	Rock-	[III. 69]
	Ruddy	[III. 69]
	Rufous-headed	[III. 45]
	Rufous-vented. Vol. I. p. [xxxvi]
	Rusty-side	[IV. 81]
	Scarlet-backed	[III. 26]
	Soft-tailed	[III. 31]
	Square-tailed	[III. 44]
	Superb	[III. 18], [24]
	Swallow	[II. 34]
	Variegated	[III. 24]
Wedge-bill, Crested		[III. 17]
Whimbrel, Australian		VI. 43
	Little	VI. 44
Whistling Dick		[II. 77]
White-eye		[IV. 81]
Wonga-wonga		[V. 63]
Wren		[III. 57]
	Banded	[III. 21]
	Beautiful	[III. 23]
	Black-backed	[III. 20]
	Black-headed	[III. 26]
	Blue	[III. 18]
	Brown’s	[III. 27]
	Cautious	[III. 40]
	Emu	[III. 31]
	Graceful	[III. 22]
	Lambert’s	[III. 24]
	Large-tailed	[III. 30]
	Long-tailed	[III. 19]
	Red-rumped	[III. 39]
	Striated	[III. 29]
	Textile	[III. 28]
	White-winged	[III. 25]

Xanthomyza Phrygia. Vol. I. p. [lvii]		[IV. 48]
Xema Jamesonii. Vol. I. p. [xciii]		VII. 20
Xenus cinereus		VI. 34
Xerophila leucopsis. Vol. I. p. [xlvii]		[III. 67]
	white-faced	[III. 67]

Zosterops chloronotus. Vol. I. p. [lx]		[IV. 82]
	dorsalis. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 81]
	Green-backed	[IV. 82]
	Grey-backed	[IV. 81]
	luteus. Vol. I. p. [lx]	[IV. 83]
	Yellow	[IV. 83]

The References to the Pages in the above Index will be found correct if the Subscribers will cause them to be numbered in the order in which the respective volumes are arranged, which could not be done in the course of publication.

PREFACE.

Having in the summer of 1837 brought my work on the “Birds of Europe” to a successful termination, I was naturally desirous of turning my attention to the Ornithology of some other region; and a variety of concurring circumstances induced me to select that of Australia, the Birds of which, though invested with the highest degree of interest, had been almost entirely neglected. Dr. Shaw, in his “Zoology of New Holland,” had devoted a few plates to the subject, from specimens collected by Sir Joseph Banks during the first voyage of Captain Cook; the “Birds of New Holland” by Lewin comprised not more than twenty-six plates; and figures and descriptions of a few species were given in the earlier voyages of Phillip, White and Collins, and the more recent one of King. At a subsequent period the late Mr. Vigors and Dr. Horsfield commenced an elaborate memoir on the Collection of Australian Birds in the possession of the Linnean Society; but unfortunately, they did not proceed farther than the Meliphagidæ, and the non-completion of their labours is the more to be regretted, inasmuch as the Linnean Society’s collection of Australian birds, at that time the finest extant, comprised many species collected by Mr. Brown during his voyage with the celebrated navigator Flinders, and was moreover enriched with some interesting notes by the late Mr. George Caley, by whom the collection was chiefly formed. Descriptions of many Australian birds were also included in the works of Latham, Shaw, Cuvier and Vieillot, as well as in several of the recent French voyages of discovery; still no general work on the subject had been undertaken, and nearly all that had been recorded by the various writers above enumerated, had reference almost exclusively to the productions of New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land, these being almost the only explored portions of that great country. In the absence, then, of any general work on the Birds of Australia, the field was comparatively a new one, and of no ordinary degree of interest, from the circumstance of its being one of the finest possessions of the British Crown, and from its natural productions being as remarkable for the anomalous nature of their forms, as for their beauty, and the singularity of their habits. In the attempt to supply this desideratum I commenced publishing from the materials then accessible, but soon found, from the paucity of information extant upon the subject, that it could not be executed in a manner that would be satisfactory to my own mind or commensurate with the exigencies of science; I therefore determined to proceed to Australia and personally investigate (so far as a stay of two years would allow) the habits and manners of its birds in a state of nature. Accordingly in May 1838 I left England, provided, by the liberality of Government, with letters from Lord Glenelg, at that time Secretary of State for the Colonies, Sir George Grey, Bart., and Gordon Gairdner, Esq., of the Colonial Office, recommending me to the countenance and protection of the various Governors, and requesting them to afford me such aid and assistance in furtherance of my objects as they might have it in their power to render; similar favours were also granted me by the authorities of the Admiralty, who, through their Secretary, Sir John Barrow, directed the captains and commanders of Her Majesty’s ships and vessels employed on the coasts of Australia to further my views, by giving myself and my assistant a passage to such part of the coasts as either of us might be desirous of visiting, only stipulating that the ships under their command should not be detained on any parts of the coasts they were not ordered to visit. His late Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, in his capacity of President of the Royal Society, was pleased to favour me with a letter addressed to the authorities, civil and military, of Her Majesty’s Colonies, recommending me to their kind offices and protection, as he felt assured that my exertions would materially promote the interests of Natural History. I was also under considerable obligations to the kindness of Captain Washington, R.N., at that time Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, who furnished me with introductions to Captains Sir John Franklin and Sir Gordon Bremer, R.N., and other influential persons. Having thus acknowledged the facilities afforded me by the home authorities, it becomes my pleasing duty to state that their recommendations and wishes were responded to in the warmest manner by Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N., Governor of Van Diemen’s Land; Sir George Gipps, Governor-General of New South Wales; Lieut.-Colonel Gawler, Governor of South Australia; John Hutt, Esq., Governor of Western Australia; and Captain M’Arthur, Commandant of Port Essington; all of whom rendered me every assistance compatible with the instructions under which they were acting. I should be wanting, however, both in courtesy and gratitude, did I not especially acknowledge the warm friendship, and the many acts of genuine kindness which I received at the hands of my valued friends Sir John and Lady Franklin, who, besides facilitating my views in every way, both publicly and privately, with the most generous hospitality received myself and family into their house, where Mrs. Gould and my eldest son, who had accompanied us, remained for nearly ten months, while I pursued my researches in various parts of Van Diemen’s Land and the continent of Australia; and it is only by those who, like myself, have had the advantage of residing in the bosom of this amiable family, that the kindness of their nature and the goodness of their hearts can be duly appreciated, and which can never be erased from my memory. I must acknowledge not less gratefully the many acts of kindness rendered to me by Sir George and Lady Gipps during my stay in Sydney. After exploring Van Diemen’s Land, the islands in Bass’s Straits, South Australia, and New South Wales, into the interior of which country I penetrated to the distance of nearly four hundred miles from the coast-line, I despatched my able assistant, Mr. Gilbert, to explore the western and northern portions of the country, and returned to England in August 1840; I immediately commenced the work de novo, and the result of my labours is now before the public. It fortunately happened at the commencement and during the progress of the work, Her Majesty’s ships the Beagle, under the command of Captains Wickham and Stokes; the Britomart, under Captain Stanley; the Fly, under Captain Blackwood, and the Pelorus under Captain Chambers were employed in surveying the northern and north-western coasts of Australia; and the Erebus and Terror under Captain Sir James C. Ross, in a voyage of discovery towards the south pole. While engaged in the performance of their arduous duties, the officers of those vessels succeeded in procuring many interesting novelties, which, with the greatest liberality, were communicated to me for the present work, whereby its value has been much enhanced. This liberality will be found duly acknowledged in the histories of the species, for the use of which I am indebted to the kindness of B. Bynoe, Esq., Surgeon R.N., Lieut. Emery, R.N., Commander J. M. R. Ince, R.N., Edward Dring, Esq., Purser R.N., Dr. Robertson and Robert M’Cormick, Esq., Surgeons R.N., and John M’Gillivray, Esq.

After spending two years in Western and Northern Australia, Mr. Gilbert returned to England in September 1841, bringing with him the result of his labours, which proved of sufficient value and importance to induce me to believe that much yet remained to be discovered in those countries, and to direct him to return thither, which he accordingly did in the ensuing spring; and after again visiting Swan River, and sedulously exploring the interior so far as practicable, he proceeded to Sydney, and, unfortunately for himself, allowed his love of science, in the advancement of which no one was more ardent, to induce him to join Dr. Leichardt in his overland journey from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. On this expedition, he, as usual, displayed his wonted zeal and activity until the 28th of June, when, the party being treacherously attacked by the natives, his valuable life was sacrificed, I lost a most able coadjutor, and science has to deplore one of her most devoted servants; fortunately, however, in despite of the many difficulties and dangers which beset the party during the remainder of their journey, his journals and notes, together with the specimens he had been able to procure, were preserved and transmitted to me by Dr. Leichardt, and proved of valuable assistance in determining the range of many of the species.

My own researches commenced immediately after passing the Equator, from whence, throughout the entire route to Australia, I omitted no opportunity of studying the habits, and collecting the different species of the oceanic birds that came under my notice: these observations were again resumed on my return to England; and as the outward passage was by the Cape of Good Hope, and the homeward one by Cape Horn, they extended round the globe, and, as will be seen in the course of the work, have led to some important results. And here I must acknowledge my obligations to the various captains with whom I sailed, namely Captain M^cKellar of the “Parsee,” which vessel conveyed me to Van Diemen’s Land; Captain Harding of the “Black Joke,” in which I proceeded from Launceston to Adelaide; Captain Fell of the “Catherine Stewart Forbes,” in which I returned from Adelaide to Hobart Town; Captain Gilchrist of the “Potentate,” in which I sailed from Hobart Town to Sydney; and Lieutenant Mallard, R.N., of the “Kinnear,” which brought me to England; all of whom rendered me every assistance in their power, and the use of a boat and crew whenever the weather would admit of one being lowered, by which means I was enabled to obtain nearly forty species of Petrel, being the finest collection of the Procellaridæ ever brought together.

At the commencement of the work it was not expected that it would prove so extensive as it has become, since not more than about 300 species were then known, which number has now been increased, by the united efforts of myself and those who have so kindly aided my views, to upwards of 600 species, among which are comprised many forms remarkable for their novelty, the anomalous character of their structure, and the singularity of their habits, such as the Bower Birds (Ptilonorhynchi and Chlamyderæ) and the Mound-raising Birds (Talegalla, Leipoa and Megapodius). The singular runs or bowers of the Chlamyderæ were considered by some explorers to be the cradles of the infants of the aborigines, and the mounds of the Megapodius to be tumuli, errors which have been rectified in the present work.

It is not to be supposed that an undertaking of such magnitude as the present could have been brought to a successful termination by the unaided efforts of a single individual, and I have, therefore, very great pleasure in stating that my views were most ably seconded by every one with whom the nature of my investigations brought me in contact; but by none more than by the Rev. Thomas James Ewing, who, besides manifesting the warmest friendship, has ever taken especial interest in promoting the success of the present work; nor must I omit to mention R. C. Gunn, Esq., Lieut. Breton, R.N., the Hon. Henry Elliot, Aide-de-camp to the Governor, Lieut. Friend, R.N., and Captain Booth, all of Van Diemen’s Land. In New South Wales my best thanks are due to George Bennett, Esq., who, like Mr. Ewing, favoured me with his warmest friendship, and evinced an equal anxiety for the success of my undertaking; the Messrs. James and William M’Arthur, of Camden; the Messrs. Stephen and Charles Coxen, of Yarrundi; Charles Throsby, Esq., of Bong-bong; Alexander and William S. MacLeay, Esqs.; Captain P. P. King, and many others. Much valuable information has been communicated to me by George Grey, Esq. (now Governor of New Zealand), whose exertions during his expedition along the north-western coasts of Australia were characterized by a degree of energy of character and perseverance but rarely equalled; whose ornithological collection made during this arduous enterprise, although small, was by no means destitute of interest; and who, upon succeeding Colonel Gawler in the Governorship of South Australia, found time amidst his multifarious occupations to devote considerable attention to Natural History, and to send me some interesting drawings and other details respecting the mounds raised by the Leipoa, &c. In South Australia I received many acts of kind attention and assistance from my friend Captain Sturt, whom I accompanied on one of his expeditions into the interior; and I have much pleasure in acknowledging my obligations to Mr. Eyre, now Lieut.-Governor of New Zealand, and the late J. B. Harvey, Esq.

Nor must I conclude my acknowledgements of the kindness of those who have rendered me their aid, without especially recording the liberality of the Right Hon. The Earl of Derby, who has at all times most readily submitted to my inspection every collection of which he has become the possessor, and allowed me the free use of any objects desirable for the enhancement of the “Birds of Australia;” neither is the kindness of His Highness the Prince of Canino, Sir Wm. Jardine, Bart., Robert Brown, Professor Owen, H. E. Strickland, W. Yarrell, T. C. Eyton, J. J. Bennett, D. W. Mitchell, and E. Blyth, Esqs., forgotten by one whom they have ever been sedulous to oblige. My thanks are also due to the Trustees, to J. E. Gray, and G. R. Gray, Esqs., of the British Museum; and to the authorities of the Linnean and Zoological Societies of London, the Royal Museums of Berlin, Leyden and Paris, and the Museum at Sydney. I am also considerably indebted to my friend W. C. L. Martin, Esq., author of many valuable works and papers on natural history, for the readiness with which his varied literary attainments and critical acumen have at all times been rendered, whenever solicited, to enhance the accuracy of my labours.

At the conclusion of my “Birds of Europe,” I had the pleasing duty of stating that nearly the whole of the Plates had been lithographed by my amiable wife. Would that I had the happiness of recording a similar statement with regard to the present work; but such, alas! is not the case, it having pleased the All-wise Disposer of Events to remove her from this sublunary world within one short year after our return from Australia, during her sojourn in which country an immense mass of drawings, both ornithological and botanical, were made by her inimitable hand and pencil, and which has enabled Mr. H. C. Richter, to whom, after her lamented death, the execution of the Plates was entrusted, to perform his task in a manner highly satisfactory to myself, and I trust equally so to the Subscribers. The colouring, as in the case of the “Birds of Europe,” and my other works, has been entirely executed by Mr. Bayfield, to whose unwearied exertions and punctuality I must not fail to bear testimony, as well as to the minute accuracy with which his labours have been performed. The printing of the Plates, by Messrs. Hullmandel and Walton, and the letter-press, by Messrs. R. and J. E. Taylor, has also been equally satisfactory.

And I cannot refrain from speaking in the highest terms of my assistant, Mr. Edwin C. Prince, who has been with me from the commencement of my various works. I left him in charge of the whole of my affairs during my absence from England, with a perfect conviction that he would zealously exert himself for my interest, and the confidence I reposed in him has been fully realized, not only during my absence, but during the long period of eighteen years.

It was my most anxious wish that the unique and perfect collection of Australian Birds, forming the originals of the present work, should have found a resting-place in the National Museum of this country, inasmuch as it comprised examples of both sexes of nearly every known species in various stages of plumage, each carefully labelled with its correct scientific appellation, the date when and the place where killed, the sex ascertained by dissection, and the colouring of the soft parts; besides which, it comprised the finest specimens I had been able to procure during the long period of ten years, collected together at an expense of more than £2000, and at the cost of three valuable lives, namely, that of Mr. Gilbert above referred to; that of Mr. Johnson Drummond, who was killed by a native while seeking for specimens in Western Australia; and that of a fine young man, one of the attendants assigned to me by Sir John Franklin, who was accidentally killed by the explosion of a gun he was removing from a boat when landing on one of the islands in Bass’s Straits. Regretting that I could not afford to make a donation of it, I addressed a letter to J. E. Gray, Esq., the chief Zoological officer of the British Museum, in which, after stating that the entire collection amounted to nearly 600 species, and upwards of 1800 specimens, with the full complements of eggs of more than 300 species, I made the following offer,—“I believe that in some instances the Government has lent its aid and support to works of such magnitude as the ‘Birds of Australia’ by taking a certain number of copies; were this done in my own case, and not less than twenty-five copies were taken, I should be most happy to present to the Museum both the Collections above-mentioned, but should such an arrangement be declined then I beg to offer them to the Trustees for the sum of £1000.” To my own, as well as to the regret of nearly every scientific man in Europe, my offer was declined by the Trustees. Upon this circumstance becoming known to Edward Wilson, Esq., of Lydstip House, near Tenby in Pembrokeshire, that gentleman immediately purchased the entire collection for his brother, Dr. T. B. Wilson, of Philadelphia in North America, whither it will be shortly removed, and where it will be at all times available for the purposes of science, and form a portion of perhaps the most extensive ornithological collection in the world.

In conclusion I would beg to say, that having brought the “Birds of Australia” to a close, after devoting nearly ten years to its production, I trust it will be admitted that it has been terminated in the same spirit with which it was commenced, and that any errors which may be found will be viewed with leniency, when the extent of the work, and the difficulty of procuring and arranging so large a mass of materials, is taken into consideration; should my labours, such as they are, merit the approbation of those who have so liberally supported it, my own efforts will be amply repaid. Although the work comprises every species known to inhabit Australia up to the present time, it is not to be supposed that it contains the whole of the birds of that vast country, of which so large a portion is yet a terra incognita. Every new district towards the north-west that may be explored will doubtless afford additional species, and which may hereafter form the materials for a supplement.

I originally intended to include the Birds of New Zealand in the present work, but upon further investigation of the subject I found that they belong to a distinct Fauna, which fact, coupled with the vast accession of new species from the continent of Australia, induced me to omit all but those that had been published in the first instance, and one or two others remarkable for their great interest.

Enjoying, by the blessing of Providence, constant good health, and energies as yet unimpaired, I propose still to devote my humble efforts to the advancement of Ornithology, that science which treats of one of the most pleasing portions of the Almighty’s many wonderful works; and with ample materials at my command for illustrating the Birds of another magnificent portion of the domains of the British Crown—India—my next work will probably be on “the Birds of Asia,” which will, irrespective of all other considerations, be of no little interest as forming the connecting link between the Birds of Europe and the Birds of Australia.

JOHN GOULD.

June 12, 1848.

INTRODUCTION.

Geological researches into the structure of the globe show that a succession of physical changes have modified its surface from the earliest period up to the present time, and that these changes have been accompanied with variations not only in the phases of animal and vegetable life, but often in the development also of organization; and as these changes cannot be supposed to have been operating uniformly over the entire surface of the globe in the same periods of time, we should naturally be prepared for finding the now existing fauna of some regions exhibiting a higher state of development than that of others; accordingly, if we contrast the fauna of the old continents of geographers with the zoology of Australia and New Zealand, we find a wide difference in the degree of organization which creation has reached in these respective regions. In New Zealand, with the exception of a Vespertilio and a Mus, which latter is said to exist there, but which has not yet been sent to this country, the most highly organized animal hitherto discovered, either fossil or recent, is a bird; in Australia, if compared with New Zealand, creation appears to have considerably advanced, but even here the order Rodentia is the highest in the scale of its indigenous animal productions; the great majority of its quadrupeds being the Marsupiata (Kangaroos, &c.) and the Monotremata (Echidna and Ornithorhynchus), which are the very lowest of the Mammalia; and its ornithology being characterized by the presence of certain peculiar genera, Talegalla, Leipoa and Megapodius; birds which do not incubate their own eggs, and which are perhaps the lowest representatives of their class, while the low organization of its botany is indicated by the remarkable absence of fruit-bearing trees, the Cerealia, &c.

My investigation of the natural productions of Australia induces me to believe, that at some remote period that country was divided into at least two portions, since, with a few exceptions, I find the species inhabiting the same latitudes of its eastern and western divisions differing from, but representing each other. Some writers, Captain Sturt and Mr. Jukes, e.g. are of opinion that its subdivision was even greater, and that the sandy deserts now met with in the interior were formerly the beds of the seas that flowed between the archipelago of islands of which they suppose it to have been composed. In a valuable paper by Mr. Jukes, entitled ‘Notes on the Geology of the Coasts of Australia,’ read at the meeting of the Geological Society on the 17th of November 1847, that gentleman stated, that “The eastern coast is occupied by a great range of high land, appearing like a continuous chain of mountains when seen from the sea, and rising in several places to 5000 feet or more above the sea-level. This chain has an axis of granite, with occasional large masses of greenstone, basalt and other igneous rocks. It is flanked on both sides by thick beds of palæozoic formations, chiefly sandstone, but also containing limestone and coal. In the northern portion of the chain Dr. Leichardt found similar formations—and especially trap and granite near the Burdekin river. In the Port Phillip district there are similar igneous rocks, and on the coast tertiary formations resting on the edges of upturned palæozoic beds. In West Australia, the Darling range consists of granite below, covered by metamorphic rocks; and between it and the sea is a plain composed of tertiary beds. In the colony of North Australia there is a great sandstone plateau, rising about 1800 feet above the sea, and probably of palæozoic age; whilst on the immediate shore and round the Gulf of Carpentaria are beds supposed to belong to the tertiary period. Similar formations constitute the substratum of the central desert; in which Captain Sturt was compelled to turn back, when half-way to the Gulf of Carpentaria, from the southern coast. Hence these tertiary rocks are probably continuous through the whole centre of the island, and during the tertiary period all this portion of the country was submerged, whilst the high lands on the coast rose like four groups of islands from the shallow sea.”—Athenæum, Nov. 24, 1847.

Whichever of these opinions be the correct one, we certainly find the natural productions of all these portions of the country composed of precisely the same types, the generality of which differ entirely from those of the islands of the Indian Archipelago on the one hand, and of New Zealand and Polynesia on the other.

With respect to the position of Australia, it will only be necessary to state that it is situated between the 10th and 45th degrees of south latitude, and the 112th and 154th degrees of longitude east from Greenwich; its extent, in round numbers, may therefore be said to be 3000 miles in length, or from west to east, and inclusive of Van Diemen’s Land nearly the same in breadth, or from north to south. In its present uplifted position its form is nearly square, with a depressed centre bounded by an almost continuous range of hills and plateaux, which, varying in altitude from one to six thousand feet above the level of the sea, in some places approach the coast and present lofty and inaccessible cliffs to the ocean, while in others they trend towards the interior of the country at a distance of from twenty to eighty miles from the coast-line; but inasmuch as these elevations are all of an undulating and not of a precipitous character, no part of the country can be considered as strictly alpine. Nothing can be more different than the features of the country on the exterior and interior of this great barrier, particularly on the eastern coast, where, between the mountains and the sea, the vegetation partakes to a great extent of a tropical character; it is there, on the rich alluvial soil, formed by the debris washed down from the hills, that we find various species of Eucalypti, Fici,and other trees, many of which attain an immense altitude, and forests of towering palms; the surface of the ground beneath clothed with a dense and impervious underwood, composed of dwarf trees, shrubs and tree-ferns festooned with creepers and parasitic plants in the richest profusion, the continuity of which is here and there broken by rich open meadow-like districts admirably adapted for the pasturing of cattle, and to which, from the frequent occurrence of the Angophoræ, a tribe of trees in which the settlers see a fancied resemblance to the apple-trees of Europe, the name of Apple-tree Flats has been given. Within the ranges, on the other hand, we find immense open downs and grassy plains, studded here and there with detached belts and forests of Eucalypti, Acaciæ, &c., presenting a park-like appearance, to which, as we advance farther towards the interior, succeed either extensive marshes or land of a most sterile description. The face of this vast country consequently presents much variety of aspect; the infrequency of rain tends much to give a sombre brown hue to the surface of the ground, which however is relieved by the constant verdure of its trees, the peculiar lanceolate form and the pendent position of which render them almost shadowless. It is in the neighbourhood of the few rivers which intersect the country, and in the lower flats flooded by the waters, when floods occur, that we find the vegetation more luxuriant and the trees attaining a far greater size; the sides of the rivers are moreover fringed with Casuarinæ and other trees, which, although of large size, never arrive at the altitude of the stately Eucalypti, which attain, under favourable circumstances, a size and height which appear perfectly incredible. Mr. Backhouse states that one measured by him on the Lopham Road, near Emu Bay in Van Diemen’s Land, which, “was rather hollow at the bottom and broken at the top, was 49 feet round at about 5 feet from the ground; another that was solid, and supposed to be 200 feet high, was 41 feet round; and a third, supposed to be 250 feet high, was 55½ feet round. As this tree spread much at the base, it would be nearly 70 feet in circumference at the surface of the ground. My companions spoke to each other when at the opposite side of this tree from myself, and their voices sounded so distant that I concluded they had inadvertently left me, to see some other object, and immediately called to them. They in answer remarked the distant sound of my voice, and inquired if I were behind the tree! When the road through this forest was forming, a man who had only about two hundred yards to go, from one company of work-people to another, lost himself: he called, and was repeatedly answered; but getting further astray, his voice became more indistinct, till it ceased to be heard, and he perished. The largest trees do not always carry up their width in proportion to their height, but many that are mere spars are 200 feet high.”

A prostrate tree noticed by Mr. Backhouse in the forest near the junction of the Emu River with the Loudwater “was 35 feet in circumference at the base, 22 feet at 66 feet up, 19 feet at 110 feet up; there were two large branches at 120 feet; the general head branched off at 150 feet; the elevation of the tree, traceable by the branches on the ground, was 213 feet. We ascended this tree on an inclined plane, formed by one of its limbs, and walked four abreast with ease upon its trunk! In its fall it had overturned another 168 feet high, which had brought up with its roots a ball of earth 20 feet across.” There are other remarkable features, which, as they appertain to districts frequently alluded to in the course of the work, it becomes necessary to notice, namely the immense deltas formed by the descent of the waters of the interior, such as the valley of the Murray near its embouchure into the sea, spoken of as the great Murray scrub of South Australia; this enormous flat of nearly one hundred miles in length by more than twenty in breadth is clothed with a vegetation peculiarly its own, the prevailing trees which form a belt down the centre consisting of dwarf Eucalypti, while the margins are fringed with shrub-like trees of various kinds. Nor must the immense belts of Banksiæ, which grow on the sand-hills bordering the sea-coast and in some parts of the interior, or the districts clothed with grass-trees (Xanthorrhæa), be passed over unnoticed; in the intertropical regions of Australia, of which at present so little is known, we find, besides the Eucalypti, Banksiæ and other trees of the southern coast, dense forests of canes, mangroves, &c. Each of these districts has a zoology peculiarly its own: for instance, the Banksiæ are everywhere tenanted by the true Meliphagi; the Eucalypti by the Ptiloti and Trichoglossi; the towering fig-trees by the Regent and Satin birds; the palms by the Carpophagæ or fruit-eating Pigeons, and the grassy plains by the ground Pigeons, Finches and grass Parrakeets. The circumstance of the boles of the trees being destitute of a thick corrugated rind or bark will doubtless account for the total absence of any member of the genus Picus or Woodpeckers, a group of birds found in all parts of the world with the exception of Australia and Polynesia.

Such then is a transient view of a few of the great physical features of Australia to which I have thought it requisite to allude in the Introduction of the present work, and I cannot conclude this portion of the subject without mentioning the very remarkable manner in which many of the Australian Birds represent other nearly allied species belonging to the Old World, as if some particular law existed in reference to the subject, the species so represented being evidently destined to fulfil the same offices in either hemisphere. As instances in point, I may mention among the Falconidæ the F. hypoleucus and F. melanogenys, which represent the F. Islandicus and F. Peregrinus; our Merlin and Kestril are equally well represented by the Falco frontatus and Tinnunculus Cenchroïdes of Australia; the Osprey of Europe also is represented by the P. leucocephala; among the wading birds, the Curlew and the Whimbrel of Europe are beautifully represented by the Numenius Australis and N. uropygialis, and the bar-tailed and black-tailed Godwits by the Limosa uropygialis and L. Melanuroïdes. Both Europe and Australia have each one Stilted Plover, one Dottrell (Eudromias), and one Avocet. Among the water birds the Cormorants and Grebes of Europe are similarly represented by the Phalacrocorax Carboïdes, &c., and Podiceps Australis, P. Nestor and P. gularis; and other instances might be noticed, but as they will all be found in the body of the work, it will not be necessary to recapitulate them here. Although so many curious instances of representation and of nearly allied species are found to occur, no country possesses so many genera peculiar to itself as Australia, such as Ægotheles, Falcunculus, Colluricincla, Grallina, Gymnorhina, Strepera, Cinclosoma, Menura, Psophodes, Malurus, Sericornis, Ephthianura, Pardalotus, Chlamydera, Ptilonorhynchus, Struthidea, Licmetis, Calyptorhynchus, Platycercus, Euphema, Nymphicus, Climacteris, Scythrops, Myzantha, Talegalla, Leipoa, Pedionomus, Cladorhynchus, Tribonyx, Cereopsis, Anseranas, and Biziura.

In a country of such vast extent as Australia, spreading over so many degrees of latitude, we might naturally expect to find much diversity in the climate, and such is really the case. Van Diemen’s Land, from its isolated and more southern position, is cooler and characterized by greater humidity than Australia; its vegetation is therefore abundant, and its forests dense and difficult of access. The climate of the continent, on the other hand, between the 25th and 35th degrees of latitude, is much drier, and has a temperature which is probably higher than that of any other part of the world; the thermometer frequently rising to 110°, 120°, and even 130° in the shade; and this high temperature is not unfrequently increased by the hot winds which sweep over the country from the northward, and which indicate most strongly the parched and sterile nature of the interior. Unlike other hot countries, this great heat and dryness is unaccompanied by night dews, and the falls of rain being uncertain and irregular, droughts of many months’ duration sometimes occur, during which the rivers and lagoons are dried up, the land becomes a parched waste, vegetation is burnt up, and famine spreads destruction on every side. It is easier for the imagination to conceive than the pen to depict the horrors of so dreadful a visitation. The indigenous animals and birds retire to the mountains, or to more distant regions exempt from its influence. Thousands of sheep and oxen perish, bullocks are seen dead by the road-side or in the dried-up water-holes, to which, in the hope of relief, they had dragged themselves, there to fall and die; trees are cut down for the sake of the twigs as fodder; the flocks are driven to the mountains in the hope that water may there be found, and every effort is made to avert the impending ruin; but in spite of all that can be done the loss is extreme. At length a change takes place, rain falls abundantly, and the plains, on which but lately not a blade of herbage was to be seen, and over which the stillness of desolation reigned, become green with luxuriant vegetation. Orchideæ and thousands of flowers of the loveliest hues are profusely spread around, as if nature rejoiced in her renovation, and the grain springing up vigorously gives promise of an abundant harvest. This change from sterility to abundance in the vegetable world is accompanied by a correspondent increase of animal life, the waters become stocked with fish, the marshy districts with frogs and other reptiles; hosts of caterpillars and other insects make their appearance, and spreading over the surface of the country commence the work of devastation, which however is speedily checked by the birds of various kinds that follow in their train. Attracted by the abundance of food, hawks of three or four species, in flocks of hundreds, depart from their usual solitary habits, become gregarious and busy at the feast, and thousands of Straw-necked Ibises (Ibis spinicollis), and other species of the feathered race, revel in the profusion of a welcome banquet. It must not however be imagined that this change is effected without its attendant horrors; the heavy rains often filling the river-beds so suddenly, that the onward pouring flood carries with it everything that may impede its course; and woe to the unhappy settler whose house or grounds may lie within the influence of the overwhelming floods! A painful instance of the desolating effects of this sudden irruption of the waters came under my own observation while travelling in the plains bordering the Lower Namoi in New South Wales. On pulling up my horse at one of the huts erected by the stock-keepers charged with the flocks and herds depastured in this vast grazing-ground, I found it occupied by Lieut. Lowe and his nephew, who had gone thither for the purpose of being present at the shearing of the flocks belonging to the former gentleman. Although strangers, their reception of me was warm and hospitable, and I left them with a promise of making their abode a resting-place on my return. My second welcome was such as friends receive from friends, and rejoicing that I had made the acquaintance of persons so worthy and estimable, I left them busy in their operations, happy and prosperous. Seven days after my departure from their dwelling heavy rains suddenly set in; the mountain-streams swelled into foaming torrents, filling the deep gullies; the rivers rose, some to the height of forty feet, bearing all before them. The Namoi having widely overflowed its banks, rolled along with impetuous fury, sweeping away the huts of the stock-keepers in its course, tearing up trees, and hurrying affrighted men and flocks to destruction. Before there was time to escape, the hut in which Lieut. Lowe and his nephew were sojourning was torn up and washed away, and the nephew and two men, overwhelmed by the torrent, sank and perished. Lieut. Lowe stripped to swim, and getting on the trunk of an uprooted tree, hoped to be carried down the eddying flood to some part where he could obtain assistance. But he was floated into the midst of a sea of water stretching as far as he could discern on every side around him. Here he slowly drifted; the rains had ceased, the thermometer was at 100°, a glaring sun and a coppery sky were above him; he looked in vain for help, but no prospect of escape animated him, and the hot sun began its dreadful work. His skin blistered, dried, became parched and hard, like the bark of a tree, and life began to ebb. At length assistance arrived—it came too late; he was indeed just alive, but died almost immediately. He was scorched to death.

Sir Thomas Mitchell, in his recently published “Journal of an Expedition into the interior of Tropical Australia,” has given a most vivid picture of the manner in which floods occasioned by distant rains fill the river-beds, and which I beg leave to transcribe. Sir Thomas being somewhat unwell while encamped on the banks of the Macquarie, the channel of which was deep and dry, sent Mr. Stephenson, one of his party, to Mount Foster, to make inquiries about the river and the stations on it lower down. Mr. Stephenson returned early with two of the mounted police. To his most important question, “What water was to be found lower down in the river, the reply was, ‘Plenty, and a flood coming down from the Turòn mountains.’ The two policemen said that they had travelled twenty miles with it on the day previous, and that it would still take some time to arrive near our camp.... In the afternoon, two of the men taking a walk up the river, reported on their return, that the flood poured in upon them when in the river-bed so suddenly, that they narrowly escaped it. Still the bed of the Macquarie before our camp continued so dry and silent, that I could scarcely believe the flood coming to be real, and so near to us, who had been put to so many shifts for the want of water. Towards evening I stationed a man with a gun a little way up the river, with orders to fire on the flood’s appearance, that I might have time to run and witness what I so much wished to see, as well from curiosity as from urgent need. The shades of evening came, however, but no flood, and the man on the look-out returned to the camp. Some hours later, and after the moon had risen, a murmuring sound, like that of a distant waterfall, mingled with occasional cracks, as of breaking timber, drew our attention, and I hastened to the river-bank. By very slow degrees the sound grew louder, and at length so audible as to draw various persons besides from the camp to the river-side. Still no flood appeared, although its approach was indicated by the occasional rending of trees with a loud noise. Such a phænomenon in a most serene moonlight night was new to us all. At length the rushing sound of waters, and loud cracking of timber, announced that the flood was in the next bend. It rushed into our sight, glittering in the moonbeams, a moving cataract, tossing before it ancient trees, and snapping them against its banks. It was preceded by a point of meandering water, picking its way, like a thing of life, through the deepest parts of the dark, dry and shady bed, of what thus again became a flowing river. By my party, situated as we were at that time, beating about the country, and impeded in our journey solely by the almost total absence of water,—suffering excessively from thirst and extreme heat,—I am convinced the scene never can be forgotten. Here came at once abundance, the produce of storms in the far-off mountains that overlooked our homes.... The river gradually filled up the channel nearly bank-high, while the living cataract travelled onward much slower than I had expected to see it; so slowly, indeed, that more than an hour after its first arrival the sweet music of the head of the flood was distinctly audible, as the murmur of waters and diapason crash of logs travelled slowly through the tortuous windings.... The next morning the river had risen to within six feet of the top of its banks, and poured its turbid waters along in fulness and strength, but no longer with noise. All night that body of water had been in motion downwards, and seemed to me enough to deluge the whole country.”

So little has as yet been ascertained respecting the climatology of western, north-western and northern Australia, that it is not known whether they also are subject to these tremendous visitations; but as we have reason to believe that the intertropical parts of the country are favoured with a more constant supply of rain as well as a lower degree of temperature, it is most probable that they do not there occur.

Independently of the vast accession of birds attracted by the great supply of food, as mentioned above, there are many species which make regular migrations, visiting the southern parts of the continent and Van Diemen’s Land during the months of summer, for the purpose of breeding and rearing their progeny, and which retire again northwards on the approach of winter, following in fact the same law which governs the migrations of the species inhabiting similar latitudes of the Old World. There are also periods when some species of birds appear to entirely forsake the part of the country in which they have been accustomed to dwell, and to betake themselves to some distant locality, where they remain for five or ten years, or even for a longer period, and whence they as suddenly disappear as they had arrived. Some remarkable instances of this kind came under my own observation. The beautiful little warbling Grass Parrakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus), which, prior to 1838, was so rare in the southern parts of Australia that only a single example had been sent to Europe, arrived in that year in such countless multitudes on the Liverpool plains, that I could have procured any number of specimens, and more than once their delicate bodies formed an excellent article of food for myself and party. The Nymphicus Novæ-Hollandiæ forms another case in point, and the Harlequin Bronze-winged Pigeon (Peristera histrionica) a third; this latter bird occurred in such numbers on the plains near the Namoi in 1839, that eight fell to a single discharge of my gun; both the settlers and natives assured me that they had suddenly arrived, and that they had never before been seen in that part of the country. The aborigines who were with me, and of whom I must speak in the highest praise, for the readiness with which they rendered me their assistance, affirmed, upon learning the nature of my pursuits, that they had come to meet me. The Tribonyx ventralis may be cited as another species whose movements are influenced by the same law. This bird visited the colony of Swan River in 1833, and that of South Australia in 1840, in such countless myriads, that whole fields of corn were trodden down and destroyed in a single night; and even the streets and gardens of Adelaide were, according to Captain Sturt, alive with them.

If we compare the ornithology of Australia with that of any other country in similar latitudes and of the same extent, we shall find that it fully equals, if it does not exceed them all, in the number of species it comprises; and those parts of the country that are still unexplored doubtless contain many yet to be added to the list of its Fauna.

In the course of the present work it will be found that I have given a wide range of habitat to some of the species, and that I have at the same time pointed out slight variations, not amounting to a specific difference, in individuals from different localities. This difference I am unable to account for. I do not believe the birds to be distinct species, but am inclined to regard them as varieties or races of the same species, modified by the character of the situations they frequent. I may mention some curious instances in point: the Artamus sordidus is a migratory bird in Van Diemen’s Land, and is partially stationary in New South Wales, yet all the examples procured in the former country are the largest and most vigorous, which we should naturally attribute to the excess of food afforded by its more humid climate; but precisely the reverse of this occurs with regard to the Graucalus parvirostris, which is also a migratory bird in Van Diemen’s Land, and examples of which, killed in that island, are much more feeble and diminutive than the Graucali obtained in New South Wales. The Halcyon sanctus, again, whose distribution is universal in Australia, varies somewhat in size in every colony, still not sufficiently so as to afford any tangible specific characters.

Upon taking a general view of the Australian ornithology, we find no species of Vulture, only one typical Eagle, and indeed a remarkable deficiency in the number of the species of its birds of prey, with the exception of the nocturnal Owls, among which the members of the restricted genus Strix are more numerous than in any other part of the world; a circumstance which is probably attributable to the great abundance of small nocturnal quadrupeds.

Among the perching birds there is a great excess of the Insectivoræ—Podargi, Meliphagidæ, Maluridæ, Gymnorhinæ, &c., of the Granivoræ, such as various species of the Fringillidæ and of the Psittacidæ. The latter tribe of birds is more numerous in Australia than in any other part of the world, and forms four great groups, viz. the Calyptorhynchi, which mainly procure their food from the Banksiæ, Casuarinæ and Eucalypti; the Cacatuæ, which feed upon the terrestrial Orchideæ, &c.; the Trichoglossi, which subsist upon the nectar they extract from the flower-cups and blossoms of the Eucalypti; and the ground and grass Parrakeets, which feed almost exclusively on the seeds of the various grasses that abound on the plains; the united groups amounting to nearly sixty species.

Of the Rasorial forms,—while the Pigeons and Hemipodes are numerous, the larger and typical Gallinaceæ are entirely wanting; their only representatives being a few species of Coturnix and Synoïcus. The Grallatorial birds are about equal in number to those of other countries; and among the water birds the true Ducks are but few, while the Procellaridæ which visit the coast are more abundant than in any other part of the world. On a retrospect of the whole we find a greater number of nocturnal birds than is comprised in the ornithology of any other section of the globe. I must not omit to mention too the extraordinary fecundity which prevails in Australia, many of its smaller birds breeding three or four times in a season; but laying fewer eggs in the early spring when insect life is less developed, and a greater number later in the season when the supply of insect food has become more abundant. I have also some reason to believe that the young of many species breed during the first season, for among others I frequently found one section of the Honey-eaters (the Melithrepti) sitting upon eggs while still clothed in the brown dress of immaturity; and we know that such is the case with the introduced Gallinaceæ, three or four generations of which have been often produced in the course of a year.

Another peculiar feature connected with the Australian ornithology is that of its comprising several forms endowed with the power of sustaining and enjoying life without a supply of water, that element without which most others languish and die; for instance, the Halcyons, which I found living and even breeding on the parched plains of the interior during the severe drought of 1838–39, far removed from any water; the food of these birds being insects and lizards.

A considerable number of the older-known of the Australian birds have been described in the general works of Vieillot, Latham, Shaw and others; but their descriptions are so vague, and the species themselves so frequently referred to genera widely different from those to which they really belong, that it has been impossible to identify the whole of them; but wherever they could be identified with certainty their names have been adopted, or quoted in the synonyms.

The “Birds of Europe” were arranged according to the views of the late Mr. Vigors; and in the “Birds of Australia” the arrangement is mainly the same, with some modifications of my own which appeared to me to be necessary.

I have been constrained, for the sake of uniformity in size, to divide the present work into seven volumes; the first of which comprises the Raptores, the small number of which will account for its being somewhat thinner than the others; the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth volumes comprise the Insessores, Rasores and Grallatores in one continuous series, and the seventh the Natatores.

The following synoptical table will give a general view of the whole; it contains all the additional information I have received, or been able to procure, during the progress of the work; the characters of the new genera I have found it necessary to institute, &c.; and the references to the volumes in which the respective plates are arranged will render it easy to consult and to quote them.

Order RAPTORES, Ill.

Family FALCONIDÆ, Leach.

Genus Aquila, Briss.

Numerous species of this genus exist in Asia and Europe; the form also occurs in Africa, and in North America; so far as I am aware it is not found in South America, and two species are all that are known in Australia.

1. Aquila fucosa, Cuv.

Vol. I. Pl. [1].

Vultur audax, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp., p. ii.
Aquila cuneicaudata, Brehm, Isis, 1845, p. 356.
—— (Uroaëtus) audax, Kaup, Classif. der Säug. und Vög., p. 12.

This fine Eagle ranges over the whole of the southern portion of Australia and Van Diemen’s Land, but I have no positive evidence of its having been seen in the intertropical regions of the country.

2. Aquila Morphnoïdes, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [2].

A beautiful representative of the Aquila pennata of Europe and India. Since the discovery of this bird at Yarrundi in New South Wales, when I obtained only a single specimen, T. C. Eyton, Esq. has received a second example in a collection obtained at Port Phillip, and a third was procured by Captain Sturt at the Depôt in South Australia.

Genus Ichthyiaëtus, Lafr.

The members of this genus inhabit India and the whole of the Indian Islands, and enjoy an equally extensive range over the continent of Africa. Their natural abode is the margins of large rivers and inlets of the sea; and their chief food consists of fish, dead cetacea and carrion.

3. Ichthyiaëtus leucogaster

Vol. I. Pl. [3].

Haliaëtus (Pontoaëtus) leucogaster, Kaup, Classif. der Säug. und Vög., p. 122.
Cuncuma leucogaster, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part I. 2nd edit. p. 24.

Found all round the coast of Australia, and said to extend its range to India and even to Africa; but this wants confirmation.

An opinion has been lately expressed that the enormous nests observed by Captains Cook and Flinders had been constructed by some species of Dinornis; but it is quite evident from the account given by Flinders that they must have been formed by a bird of the Raptorial order, and I have no doubt that they were the nests of the present bird.

“Near Point Possession,” says Flinders, “were found two nests of extraordinary magnitude. They were built upon the ground, from which they rose above two feet; and were of vast circumference and great interior capacity, the branches of trees and other matter, of which each nest was composed, being enough to fill a small cart. Captain Cook found one of these enormous nests upon Eagle Island, on the east coast.” Subsequently Flinders found another of these nests in which were “several masses resembling those which contain the hair and bones of mice, and are disgorged by the Owls in England after the flesh is digested. These masses were larger, and consisted of the hair of seals and of land animals, of the scaly feathers of penguins, and the bones of birds and small quadrupeds. Possibly the constructor of the nest might be an enormous Owl; and if so, the cause of the bird being never seen, whilst the nests were not scarce, would be from its not going out until dark; but from the very open and exposed situations in which the nests were found, I should rather judge it to be of the Eagle kind; and that its powers are such as to render it heedless of any attempts of the natives upon its young.”—Flinders’ Voyage, vol. i. pp. 64 and 81.

The accumulation of so large a mass of materials is readily accounted for when we remember that the bird is in the habit of resorting to the same eyry for a long succession of years, and of annually carrying additional materials to reconstruct the nest.

I myself found and took young birds of this species from similar nests placed on the points of rocks and promontories of the islands in Bass’s Straits.

Genus Haliastur, Selby.

The range of the members of this genus extends over Australia and all the islands to India.

4. Haliastur leucosternus, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [4].

Falco Ponticerianus, Shaw, Nat. Misc., pl. 389.
Haliaëtus (Ictinoaëtus) leucosternon, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 277.

Confined, so far as I am aware, to Australia, and forming a beautiful representative of the Haliastur Ponticerianus of India.

5. Haliastur sphenurus

Vol. I. Pl. [5].

Milvus sphenurus, Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 211.
Haliaëtus (Ictinoaëtus) canorus, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 277.

Inhabits all parts of Australia yet visited by travellers, even the Depôt in the interior.

Genus Pandion, Sav.

Of the genus Pandion four species are now known; one inhabiting America, another Europe and Asia, a third the Indian Islands, and the fourth Australia.

6. Pandion leucocephalus, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [6].

Pandion Gouldii, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 270.—List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part I. 2nd edit. p. 22.

This species of Pandion performs precisely the same office in Australia that the P. haliaëtus does in Europe and the P. Carolinensis in America; to both of which species it is very nearly allied.

Genus Falco, Linn.

As they are the most typical of all the Hawks, so are the members of the genus Falco the most universally dispersed over the face of the globe; and I question whether the law of representation is in any case more beautifully and clearly shown than by the members of the present group.

7. Falco hypoleucus, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [7].

Up to the present time only four examples of this fine Falcon have been procured; it is a species admirably adapted for the sport of Falconry, and is a beautiful representative of the Falco Gyrfalco of Europe. Its native habitat is the interior of the southern and western portions of Australia.

8. Falco melanogenys, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [8].

Falco macropus, Swains. Anim. in Menag., p. 341.
—— melanogenys, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 75.

India, Europe, and North America on the one hand, and Cape Horn, the Cape of Good Hope and Australia on the other, are all inhabited by Falcons so nearly allied to each other as to favour the opinion that they are merely varieties of each other; but I agree with the Prince of Canino and Professor Kaup in considering them to be distinct and representatives of each other in the respective countries they inhabit. It will doubtless be found that the habits and economy of the whole are as similar as they are in outward appearance; and that the Falco melanogenys is as destructive to the ducks of the interior of Australia as the Falco Anatum is in North America.

9. Falco subniger, Gray

Vol. I. Pl. [9].

A powerful Falcon differing somewhat in structure from the F. hypoleucus and F. melanogenys. Nothing is known of its habits, and as yet I have only seen four examples, all of which were procured in the interior of South Australia.

10. Falco frontatus, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [10].

Falco lunulatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl., p. xiii.?
Sparvius lunulatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. x. p. 324.
Falco longipennis, Swains. Anim. in Menag., p. 341.?
—— subbuteo, Brehm, Isis, 1845, p. 347.?
—— (Hypotriorchis) frontatus, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 65.

A little Falcon with the habits of the Hobby and Merlin combined; found in all parts of Australia to the southward of the 25th degree of S. lat.; among other birds it preys upon the Quails and the little Partridges belonging to the genus Synoïcus.

Genus Ieracidea, Gould.

Generic characters.

Bill and general form of Falco, but the wings less powerful, and the third quill-feather the longest; tarsi more elongated, slender, and covered anteriorly with hexagonal scales; toes more feeble, the hind-toe shorter, and the claws less robust.

So far as our present knowledge extends, the members of this genus are only three in number, all of which are confined to Australia and New Zealand.

11. Ieracidea Berigora

Vol. I. Pl. [11].

Ieracidea Berigora, Kaup, Class, der Säug. und Vög., p. 112.

Professor Kaup considers this species and the succeeding one, I. occidentalis, to be identical, but having had numerous opportunities of observing them, I am satisfied that they are distinct; and in confirmation of this opinion I may state that the I. Berigora, which is from the eastern coast, is always the largest, has the cere blue-grey, and the plumage of the adult light brown, sparingly blotched with white on the breast; while the I. occidentalis, from the western coast, is a more delicately formed bird, has the cere yellow and the breast white, with faint lines of brown down the centre of each feather.

12. Ieracidea occidentalis, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [12].

Genus Tinnunculus, Vieill.

13. Tinnunculus Cenchroïdes

Vol. I. Pl. [13].

Cerchneis immaculatus, Brehm, Isis.

A beautiful representative of the Kestrils of Europe and India, where, as well as in Africa and in most parts of America, members of this group are to be found.

The range of the Tinnunculus Cenchroïdes extends over the whole of the southern parts of Australia, and that it extends far towards the northern portion of the country is proved by Mr. Gilbert having found it, as well as its nest, during the expedition of Dr. Leichardt from Moreton Bay to Port Essington.

The following is an extract from his Journal:—“October 2. Found, for the first time, the eggs of Tinnunculus Cenchroïdes, four in number, deposited in a hollow spout of a gum-tree overhanging a creek; there was no nest, the eggs being merely deposited on a bed of decayed wood.” They are freckled all over with blotches and minute dots of rich reddish chestnut on a paler ground, and are one inch and five-eighths in length by one inch and a quarter in breadth.

Genus Astur, Lacep.

14. Astur Novæ-Hollandiæ	Vol. I. Pl. [14].
15. Astur Novæ-Hollandiæ, albino	Vol. I. Pl. [15].

Astur Novæ-Hollandiæ, Cuv. Règ. An., 1817, p. 320.
Sparvius niveus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. x. p. 338.
Dædalion candidum, Less. Traité d’Orn., p. 66.
Falco leucaëtos, Forst. Descr. Anim. and Drawings, No. 35.
Astur (Leucospiza) Novæ-Hollandiæ, Kaup, Class, der Säug. und Vög., p. 119.

I think Professor Kaup is right in proposing a new generic title for this species, differing as it does both in structure and habits from the true Asturs; he also, like myself, considers the white birds to be merely albino varieties of the other; but my friends, the Rev. T. J. Ewing and Ronald C. Gunn, Esq. of Van Diemen’s Land, are both most decidedly opposed to this view of the subject, and found their dissent upon the circumstance of there being none other than white individuals in Van Diemen’s Land.

So far as it is at present known, the southern and eastern portions of Australia and the island of Van Diemen’s Land constitute the habitat of the species.

16. Astur radiatus

Vol. I. Pl. [16].

Astur testaceus (Ernest.), Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 367.

A curious form not quite agreeing with Astur; it is very rare, and nothing whatever is known of its habits.

17. Astur approximans, Vig. & Horsf.

Vol. I. Pl. [17].

Astur radiatus, Cuv. Règ. An., 1829, p. 332.
Nisus (Urospiza) radiatus, Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 1845, p. 259.
—— (——) approximans, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 182.
Accipiter approximans, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part I. 2nd edit. p. 74.

The Astur approximans has been with propriety removed to the genus Accipiter by Mr. G. R. Gray, and to this genus my A. cruentus is also referable; for although of a larger size than the other members of that form, their structure, except in the shorter middle toe, is very similar.

18. Astur cruentus, Gould

Vol. I. Pl. [18].

Astur cruentus, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., Part X. p. 113.

This species and the preceding are representatives of each other in the eastern and western portions of the continent.

I have lately seen specimens from Port Essington.

Genus Accipiter, Briss.

19. Accipiter torquatus

Vol. I. Pl. [19].

Sparvius cirrhocephalus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. x. p. 328.
—— tricolor, Vieill. ibid. p. 329.
Falco melanops, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp., p. 12?
Sparvius melanops, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., tom. x. p. 239?
Astur (Micronisus) torquatus, Kaup, Mus. Senckenb. 1845, p. 259.
Nisus (Urospiza) torquatus, Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 181.
Accipiter cirrhocephalus, List of Birds in Brit. Mus. Coll., Part I. 2nd edit. p. 73.

Precisely similar in all its actions and in its economy to the Sparrow Hawk, Accipiter nisus of Europe.

The Birds of Australia, Vol. 1 of 7

THEBIRDS OF AUSTRALIA.