The Book of Religions

Comprising The

Views, Creeds, Sentiments, or Opinions,

Of All The

Principal Religious Sects In The World

Particularly Of

All Christian Denominations

In

Europe and America

To Which Are Added

Church and Missionary Statistics

Together With

Biographical Sketches

By John Hayward

Author of “New England Gazetteer”

Boston:

Albert Colby And Company.

20 Washington Street.

1860

Contents

[pg 003]

Preface.

A few years since, the Editor of the following pages published a volume of “Religious Creeds and Statistics;” and, as the work, although quite limited, met with general approbation, he has been induced to publish another of the same nature, but on a much larger plan, trusting that it will prove more useful, and more worthy of public favor.

His design has been, to exhibit to his readers, with the utmost impartiality and perspicuity, and as briefly as their nature will permit, the views, creeds, sentiments, or opinions, of all the religious sects or denominations in the world, so far as utility seemed to require such an exhibition; but more especially to give the rise, progress, and peculiarities, of all the principal schemes or systems of religion which exist in the United States at the present day.

The work is intended to serve as a manual for those who are desirous of acquiring, with as little trouble as possible, a correct knowledge of the tenets or systems of religious faith, presented for the consideration of mankind;—to enable them, almost at a glance, to compare one creed or system with another, and each with the holy Scriptures;—to settle the minds of those who have formed no definite opinions on religious subjects;—and to lead us all, by contrasting the sacred truths and sublime beauties of Christianity with the absurd notions of pagan idolaters, of skeptics, and of infidels, to set a just value on the doctrines of HIM who spake as never man spake.

To accomplish this design, the Editor has obtained, from the most intelligent and candid among the living defenders of each denomination, full and explicit statements of their religious sentiments—such as they believe and teach. He is indebted to the friends of some new sects or parties in philosophy and religion, for an account of their respective views and opinions. With regard to [pg 004] anterior sects, he has noticed, from the best authorities, as large a number as is thought necessary for the comparison of ancient with modern creeds.

The Church and Missionary Statistics are believed to be as accurate as can be constructed from materials which annually undergo greater or less changes.

The Biographical Sketches are derived from the most authentic sources. While they convey useful knowledge in regard to the fathers and defenders of the various systems of religious faith, they may also stimulate our readers to the practice of those Christian virtues and graces which adorned the lives of many of them, and render their names immortal.

A few only of the works from which valuable aid has been received, can be mentioned:—Mosheim and McLaine's Ecclesiastical History; Gregory and Ruter's Church History; Encyclopædia Americana; Brown's Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge; Adams's View of Religions, and History of the Jews; Benedict's History of all Religions; Evans's Sketches; Buck's and Henderson's Theological Dictionaries; Eliot's, Allen's, and Blake's Biographical Dictionaries; Davenport; Watson; Grant's Nestorians, Coleman's Christian Antiquities; Ratio Disciplinæ; Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, &c.

To clergymen and laymen of all denominations, who have assisted the Editor in presenting their various views with clearness and fairness; to the secretaries of the several missionary boards; to editors of religious journals, and to other persons who have kindly furnished documents for the Statistics and Biographical Sketches, he tenders acknowledgments of unfeigned gratitude.

While the Editor assures the public that the whole has been prepared with much diligence and care, and with an entire freedom from sectarian zeal or party bias, he cannot but indulge the hope that his “Book of Religions” will prove acceptable and beneficial to the community, as imbodying a great variety of facts on a subject of deep concern, worthy of the exercise of our highest faculties, and requiring our most charitable conclusions.

Index.

Abelians, or Abelonians, [243]

Addison, Joseph, [417]

Agricola, John, [370]

Allenites, [280]

American Missions, [336]

Anabaptists, [190]

Ancient American Covenant, [308]

Andover Orthodox Creed, [138]

Antinomians, [128]

Anti-Pedobaptists, [196]

Apostles' Creed, [102]

Aquarians, [168]

Arians, [18]

Arius, [368]

Armenians, [303]

Arminians, [115]

Arminius, James, [373]

Assembly's Catechism, [141]

Athanasian Creed, [102]

Athanasius, [368]

Atheists, [217]

Augsburg Confession, [302]

Bacon, Francis, [407]

Baptists, [182], [311], [340]

Quaker, [193]

Baptist Missions, English, [339]

Baxter, Richard, [376]

Baxterians, [169]

Bereans, [109]

Beza, Theodore, [366]

Bible Chronology, [175]

Biographical Sketches, [350]

Bishops, Episcopal, [314]

Bourignonists, [201]

Boyle, Robert, [412]

Brown, Robert, [373]

Brownists, [200]

Bucer, Martin, [360]

Bullinger, Henry, [363]

Burnet, Gilbert, [429]

Calvin, John, [365]

Calvinists, [11], [313]

Cambridge Platform, [48]

Campbellites, [58]

Charles V., [405]

Chauncey, Charles, [385]

Christian Connection, [295], [313]

Christianity, Progress of, [432]

Chronology, Bible, [175]

Church Government, [20]

Church Statistics, [311]

Clarke, John, [387]

Clarke, Richard, [399]

Come-Outers, [177]

Congregationalists, [20], [313]

Courtney, William, [384]

Creed, Andover, [138]

Apostles', [102]

Athanasian, [102]

Augsburg, [302]

New Haven, [142]

Nicene, [105]

Orthodox, [132]

Cumberland Presbyterians, [25]

Daleites, [272]

Dancers, [244]

Deists, [215]

Diggers, [246]

Disciples of Christ, [58], [314]

Disciples of St John, [284]

Dissenters. See [Puritans].

Doddridge, Philip, [420]

Donatists, [281]

Dorrelites, [164]

Dutch Reformed Church, [88]

Elizabeth, Princess, [411]

Emancipators, [272]

English Baptist Missions, [339]

—— Methodist Missions, [343]

Epicureans, [244]

Episcopalians, [26], [314], [341]

Essenes, [202]

Family of Love, [259]

Fighting Quakers, [162]

Fox, George, [377]

Free Communion Baptists, [300]

Free-Will Baptists, [190], [312], [341]

French Missions, [346]

Friends, or Quakers, [64], [319]

Genevieve, [162], [428]

German Missions, [346]

German Reformed Church, [90]

Glass, John, [383]

Glassites, [126]

Government, Church, [20]

Greek Church, [288]

Hale, Matthew, [408]

Harmless Christians, [57]

Harmonists, [163]

Hicksites, [74], [319]

High Churchmen, [308]

Higginson, Francis, [310], [374]

Hooker, Richard, [385]

Hopkins, Samuel, [397]

Hopkinsians, [13]

Humanitarians, [19]

Huntingdon, Lady Selina, [395]

Huss, John, [354]

Hutchinson, Ann, [389]

Hutchinsonians, [259]

Independents, [20]

Indian Missions, [342]

Religions, [210]

Statistics, [347]

Jebb, John, [401]

Jerome of Prague, [352]

Jews, [202], [319], [347]

Johnsonians, [280]

Jumpers, [181]

Justin Martyr, [368]

Keith, George, [383]

Keithians, [193]

Knipperdolings, [283]

Knox, John, [363]

Latter-Day Saints, [260]

Lavater, John G. C., [402]

Lee, Ann, [381]

Leo X., [367]

Locke, John [415]

London Missionary Society, [335]

Luther, Martin, [355]

Lutherans, [9], [320]

Mahometans, [220]

Maimonides, Moses, [203], [370]

Martyr, Peter, [362]

Materialists, [112]

Mayhew, Jonathan, [398]

Mendæans, [284]

Melancthon, Philip, [361]

Mennonites, [57]

Menno, Simonis, [372]

Methodists, Episcopal, [117], [321]

Protestant, [123], [321]

Methodists, Primitive, [305]

Methodists' Missions, [344]

Views of Perfection, [274]

Miller's Views on the Second Coming of Christ, [170]

Millenarians, [292]

Missionary Statistics, [333]

Missions, American Foreign, [336]

Missions, Indian, [342]

Molinos, Michael, [389]

Moravians, [49], [333]

Mormonites, [260]

Muggletonians, [284]

Murray, John, [423]

N.

Necessarians. See [Materialists].

Nestorians, [306]

Netherland Missions, [346]

New Haven Orthodox Creed, [142]

New Jerusalem Church, [150]

Newton, Isaac, [403]

Nicene Creed, [105]

Nonconformists, [294]

Nonjurors, [294]

Non-Resistants, [247]

Novatians, [305]

Oberlin Views of Sanctification, [278]

Œcolampadius, John, [355]

Orthodox Creeds, [132]

Osgoodites, [166]

Pantheists, [219]

Pagans, [234]

Pedobaptists, [193]

Pelagians, [130]

Penn, William, [378]

Perfectionists, [274]

Pharisees, [202]

Popes of Rome, [326]

Pre-Adamites, [131]

Predestinarians, [132]

Presbyterians, [22], [322]

Cumberland, [25]

Presbyterian Missions, [338]

Priestley, Joseph, [400]

Primitive Christians, [290]

Methodists, [305]

Princess Elizabeth, [411]

Progress of Christianity, [432]

Protestants, [125]

Protestant Methodists, [123], [321]

Missions, [333]

Puritans, [200]

Purves, James, [401]

Puseyites, [299]

Quakers, or Friends, [64]

Quaker Baptists, [193]

Quietists, [283]

Ranters. See [Seekers].

Re-Anointers, [282]

Reformation, [85]

Reformed Churches, [88]

Reformed Dutch Church, [88], [324]

German Church, [90]

Rhenish Missions, [347]

Restorationists, [91]

Rogerenes, [166]

Roman Catholics, [102], [324], [347]

Russian Church, [288]

Sabbatarians, [191]

Sabellians, [125]

Sadducees, [202]

Sanctification, Views on, [278]

Sandemanians, [126]

Sandeman, Robert, [396]

Satanians, [243]

Saybrook Platform, [48]

Seabury, Samuel, [33], [398]

Schools, Theological, [432]

Scottish Missions, [346], [347]

Se-Baptists, [281]

Sectarians, [20]

Seekers, [247]

Servetus, Michael, [371]

Seventh-Day Baptists, [191], [312], [345]

Shakers, [75]

Simonians, [233]

Six-Principle Baptists, [192]

Skeptics, [245]

Socinius, Faustus, [372]

Socinians, [19]

Southcotters, [255]

Spinoza, Benedict, [380]

Statistics of Churches, [311]

of Missions, [333]

Succession of Bishops, [315]

Supralapsarians, [243]

Swedenborg, [150]

Swedenborgians, [150], [330]

Tao-Se, [282]

Taylor's (Dr.) Views, [142]

Theological Schools, [432]

Tillotson, John, [402]

Transcendentalists, [301]

Trinitarians, [290]

Tunkers, or Tumblers, [55]

Unitarians, [196], [331]

United Brethren, [49]

United Society of Believers, [75]

Universalists, [95], [331]

Waldenses, [279]

Water-Drinkers, [168]

Watts, Isaac, [418]

Wesley, John, [390]

Wesleyan Missions, [343]

Westminster Catechism, [141]

Whippers, [167]