Technical Bulletin 117
Revised August 1969

Common Names
of a Selected List
of Plants

By
Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Kansas State University
of Agriculture and Applied Science
Manhattan
Floyd W. Smith, Director

CONTENTS

Page
Index to common names [4]
Grasses [18]
Sedges, rushes, and related genera [27]
Ferns and related genera [28]
Other monocots [29]
Legumes [30]
Other dicot forbs [35]
Woody plants [55]
Common species names and their English meanings [60]

Common Names of a Selected List of Plants[1]

Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby[2]

Common names of plants often vary widely from place to place, even within rather limited areas. Frequently-occurring and widely-known species may have local names, or the same name may be used for several species. Common names, therefore, often fail to identify plants accurately. That makes it difficult to communicate about plants; the confusion may even discontinue attempts to convey ideas about the subject. Conversations may shift to a subject with an adequate common nomenclature.

Scientific names are essential in formal writing. When common names are to be used, as in less formal publications, scientific names must also be given either at the place where the common ones first appear in the paper, in a footnote, or in an appended list. Only scientific names identify the species for all readers. In completely informal writing for a broad area, scientific names may be omitted.

Since common names are so widely used, they should be used as uniformly as possible. The following common names are considered “standardized” for all writing in the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and may also be used as a guide in teaching. A single common name is given to each plant listed if it has such a name.

This list grew from an earlier Kansas list of grasses and legumes that emphasized chiefly range and pasture plants. It is extended here to include most plant families and genera that occur in Kansas and many species that do not necessarily occur in Kansas but may be important or closely related to those listed. Obviously, not all Kansas plants could be included, and therefore many minor plants have been omitted. Species not obviously important had to be somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps certain species listed could have been omitted and others not included might have been added. The list can, therefore, grow or be altered as need for change is shown. If further information on common names is needed, the Kelsey and Dayton 1942 edition of Standardized Plant Names[3] should be consulted.

Genus Common Names

In preparing this list, we attempted to give a single common name to each genus and to use it in connection with common names for each of the species listed under that genus. For example, brome for the genus, Bromus, and various species such as smooth brome and hairy brome. Thus, there are two words for species names. However, common names of some species are single words and may not bear the generic name at all; for example, switchgrass, curlymesquite, catchflygrass, darnel, needleandthread, berseem, and horsebean. Some genera have more than one common name, but in that case the genus is subdivided into different types, each with its own common name. For example, most species of the genus Panicum are called panicum, but certain others are witchgrass; Melica is melic, but bulbous species of that genus are called oniongrass; and Setaria is bristlegrass, but the name millet is applied to certain ones. Some poisonous species of Astragalus are called loco, but nonpoisonous ones are milkvetch and the selenium-gathering ones, poisonvetch. In a few cases the same common name is applied to two genera, but that generally occurs only when the genera involved are closely related. They may formerly have been considered a single genus.

The words tree, grass, bean, seed, etc. are combined with key words to make common names of many genera and species. Examples of the former are dropseed, cupgrass, tanglehead, peavine, wildindigo, coffeetree, and sensitivebriar; and of the latter, breadroot scurfpea, splitbeard bluestem, shortawn foxtail, and smoothseed wildbean. Hyphens are avoided except in a few cases where they are used to make spelling, meaning, or pronunciation more clearly understood. Some examples are s-curve threeawn, blue-eyedgrass, climbing-buckwheat, dutchmans-breeches, snow-on-the-mountain, fat-hen saltbrush, false-alyssum.

Species Common Names

The common name for an individual species is a contraction of the genus common name and, in most cases, a descriptive adjective for a particular species. An example is the common name for Bromus inermis The common name for the genus is brome and the descriptive adjective associated with the species name inermis is smooth, hence smooth brome is the common name for that species.

In many cases a satisfactory common name did not exist for a particular species, yet the species name’s English meaning described the plant well. Such plants were given common names based on the meaning of their species name. An example is Lygodesmia rostrata. It has no satisfactory common name. In this publication it is called beaked skeletonplant, based on the English meaning of rostrata and the accepted common name for the genus, skeletonplant.

Capitalization

In general, capitals are avoided for common plant names. They are not used where proper nouns are combined with such words as grass, tree, bean, etc., for example, bermudagrass, indiangrass, johnsongrass, but are used when the name is that of a country, state, or other place and is a separate word as in Virginia wildrye, Texas bean, California burclover, and Missouri milkvetch. They are not used, however, when the name is derived from a man’s name; for example, lambert crazyweed, dillen tickclover, chewings fescue, and lehmann lovegrass. Capitals are, of course, used for proper names of strains or varieties, but such usage is beyond the scope of this list. The few exceptions to all of these “rules” are dictated by firmly established usage.

Authorities

To identify each species as definitely as possible, authorities are given for scientific names. Authorities for grass names are from Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.[4] The others were compiled from various sources by Dr. L. C. Hulbert, Department of Botany, Kansas State University, chiefly from these sources: Gray’s Manual, 8th ed.,[5] The New Illustrated Britton and Brown,[6] and Harrington’s Manual.[7] Occasionally other sources were used for a few or for single species.

Since authorities were taken directly from the various sources without change, some differences in abbreviation occur. For example, Hitchcock’s manual abbreviates Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as H.B.K., while most other manuals consulted use HBK. Certain other names may be spelled fully in one manual and abbreviated in others.

Common Name Sources

Several workers helped with selecting plants to be included and common names for them. For the most part, the common names are those used in Kelsey and Dayton, Standardized Plant Names (SPN).[8] However, common names of some species are so different and are so firmly entrenched in common usage that the names given in SPN could not be used in this list. An example is “broomsedge” for Andropogon virginicus. In SPN it is “yellowsedge bluestem,” a name never heard in the area this list serves.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is expressed to those who aided in selecting both plants and their common names:

The late F. W. Albertson, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

L. E. Anderson, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University, now at University of Missouri, Columbia

M. D. Atkins, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

J. K. Greig, Jr., Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

C. V. Hall, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

L. C. Hulbert, Division of Biology, Kansas State University

R. A. Keen, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

J. L. Launchbaugh, Kansas Branch Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays, Kansas

E. L. Mader, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

C. M. Schumacher, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

G. W. Tomanek, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

H. D. Wilkins, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

Special thanks go to Dr. John L. Launchbaugh for carefully editing the final draft.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Contribution No. 692, Department of Agronomy, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

[2] Professor Emeritus and Agronomist, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: and Instructor in Range and Pasture Management.

[3] Kelsey, H. P. and W. A. Dayton. 1942. Standardized Plant Names. J. Horace McFarland Co., Harrisburg, Pa.

[4] Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of Grasses of the U.S. USDA Misc. Publication 200 (Revised).

[5] Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Co., New York.

[6] Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora. New York Botanical Garden (3 volumes).

[7] Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver.

[8] Ibid.

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

Genera only are listed in this index except where the common species name differs from the common name of its genus and does not include the latter. Scientific names are also shown.

Common Name Scientific Name Page
Acacia Acacia [30]
Adderstongue Ophioglossum [28]
Agoseris, wavyleaf Microseris cuspidata [47]
Agrimony Agrimonia [35]
Alfalfa Medicago [32]
Alkaligrass Puccinellia [25]
Alumroot Heuchera [44]
Alyceclover Alysicarpus [30]
Amaranth Amaranthus [35]
Ammannia Ammannia [35]
Amorpha Amorpha [30], [55]
Amsonia Amsonia [35]
Anemone Anemone [35]
Antelopehorn Asclepiodora [37]
Apple Pyrus [57]
Arrowhead Sagittaria [30]
Ash Fraxinus [57]
Asparagus Asparagus [29]
Aster Aster [37]
Avens Geum [43]
Baccharis Baccharis [56]
Bagpod Glottidium [31]
Bahia Bahia [37]
Bahiagrass Paspalum notatum [24]
Barberry Berberis [56]
Barley Hordeum [22]
Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli [21]
Basketflower Centaurea americana [38]
Basswood Tilia [59]
Beachgrass Ammophila [18]
Beakgrain Diarrhena [20]
Bean Phaseolus [33]
Bedstraw Galium [43]
Beebalm Monarda [48]
Beet Beta [37]
Beggarticks Bidens [37]
Bellflower Campanula [38]
Bentgrass Agrostis [18]
Bergia Bergia [37]
Berlandiera Berlandiera [37]
Bermudagrass Cynodon [20]
Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum [34]
Berula Berula [37]
Betony Stachys [53]
Bindweed Convolvulus [40]
Birch Betula [56]
Birdwoodgrass Cenchrus setigerus [20]
Bittercress Cardamine [38]
Bittersweet Celastrus [56]
Bitterweed Hymenoxys odorata [45]
Blackberry Rubus [58]
Blackberrylily Belamcanda [29]
Blackeyedsusan Rudbeckia hirta [51]
Blackfoot Melampodium [47]
Bladderfern Cystopteris [28]
Bladdernut Staphylea [59]
Bladderpod Lesquerella [46]
Bladderwort Utricularia [54]
Bloodroot Sanguinaria [52]
Blowoutgrass Redfieldia [25]
Blue-eyedgrass Sisyrinchium [30]
Bluegrass Poa [24]
Bluehearts Buchnera [38]
Bluestem Andropogon; Bothriochloa [18]
Bluets Houstonia [44]
Blueweed Echium vulgare [41]
Boltonia Boltonia [38]
Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum [42]
Bottlebrushgrass Hystrix [22]
Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis [52]
Boxelder Acer negundo [55]
Bracken Pteridium [28]
Brickellia Brickellia [38]
Bristlegrass Setaria [25]
Broadbean Vicia faba [34]
Brome Bromus [19]
Broom Cytisus [31], [56]
Broomcorn Sorghum bicolor var. technicum [25]
Broomrape Orobanche [49]
Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus [18]
Broomweed Gutierrezia dracunculoides [43]
Browneyedsusan Rudbeckia triloba [51]
Browntopmillet Panicum ramosum [23]
Buckbrush Symphoricarpos orbiculatus [59]
Buckeye Aesculus [55]
Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata [50]
Buckthorn Rhamnus [58]
Buckwheat Fagopyrum [42]
Buffalogourd Cucurbita foetidissima [40]
Buffalograss Buchloë [20]
Buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare [24]
Bugleweed Lycopus [47]
Bugseed Corispermum nitidum [40]
Bulbostylis Bulbostylis [27]
Bulrush Scirpus [28]
Bumelia Bumelia [56]
Bunchflower Melanthium [29]
Bundleflower Desmanthus [31]
Burclover Medicago [32]
Burcucumber Sicyos [52]
Burdock Arctium [36]
Burgrass Tragus [26]
Burhead Echinodorus [29]
Burnweed Erechtites [41]
Burragweed Franseria tomentosa [42]
Burreed Sparganium [30]
Burrograss Scleropogon [25]
Bursage Franseria [42]
Buttercup Ranunculus [51]
Butternut Juglans cinerea [57]
Buttonbush Cephalanthus [56]
Buttonweed Diodia [41]
Cabbage Brassica oleracea [38]
Calceolaria Hybanthus [45]
Caltrop Kallstroemia [45]
Camas Camassia [29]
Camomile Anthemis [36]
Camphorweed Heterotheca [44]
Canarygrass Phalaris [24]
Cane Arundinaria [19]
Cardinalflower Lobelia cardinalis [47]
Cardinalflower, western Lobelia splendens [47]
Carpetgrass Axonopus [19]
Carpetweed Mollugo [48]
Carrot Daucus [41]
Castorbean Ricinus [51]
Catalpa Catalpa [56]
Catchfly, sleepy Silene antirrhina [52]
Catchflygrass Leersia lenticularis [22]
Catnip Nepeta cataria [48]
Cattail Typha [30]
Ceanothus Ceanothus [56]
Centaurea Centaurea [38]
Centipedegrass Eremochloa [21]
Cerastium Cerastium [38]
Charlock Brassica kaber [38]
Cheat Bromus secalinus [20]
Cherry Prunus [57]
Chervil Chaerophyllum [38]
Chickencorn Sorghum bicolor var. drummondii [25]
Chickpea Cicer [31]
Chickweed Stellaria media [54]
Chicory Cichorium [39]
Chineselantern Physalis lobata [50]
Chloris Chloris [20]
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana [57]
Cholla Opuntia [48]
Christmasfern Polystichum acrostichoides [29]
Cinquefoil Potentilla [51]
Circaea Circaea [39]
Clammyweed Polanisia [50]
Clearweed Pilea [50]
Clematis Clematis [39]
Cleomella Cleomella [39]
Cliffbrake Pellaea [28]
Climbing-buckwheat Polygonum convolvulus [50]
Climbingmilkweed Ampelamus albidus [35]
Cloakfern Notholaena [28]
Clover Trifolium [34]
Cockle, white Lychnis alba [47]
Cocklebur Xanthium [55]
Cockspur Echinochloa [21]
Coffeetree Gymnocladus [32], [57]
Cogongrass Imperata [22]
Collinsia Collinsia [39]
Columbine Aquilegia [36]
Comandra Comandra [39]
Compassplant Silphium laciniatum [53]
Coneflower Dracopis; Rudbeckia [41], [51]
Conyza Conyza [40]
Copperleaf Acalypha [35]
Cordgrass Spartina [25]
Coreopsis Coreopsis [40]
Corkwing, mountain Cymopterus montanus [40]
Corn Zea [26]
Corncockle Agrostemma [35]
Cornflower Centaurea cyanus [38]
Cornsalad Valerianella [54]
Corydalis Corydalis [40]
Cotton Gossypium [44]
Cottontop Trichachne [26]
Cottonwood Populus [57]
Cowlily Nuphar [48]
Cowpea Vigna [35]
Crabapple Pyrus [57]
Crabgrass Digitaria [20]
Crazyweed Oxytropis [33]
Creeper Parthenocissus [57]
Cress, hoary Cardaria draba [38]
Cristatella Cristatella [40]
Crotalaria Crotalaria [31]
Croton Croton [40]
Crotonopsis Crotonopsis [40]
Crowfoot Ranunculus [51]
Crownbeard Verbesina [55]
Crownvetch Coronilla [31]
Cryptantha Cryptantha [40]
Cudweed Gnaphalium [43]
Culversphysic Veronicastrum virginicum [55]
Cupgrass Eriochloa [21]
Cuphea Cuphea [40]
Curlymesquite Hilaria belangeri [22]
Currant Ribes [58]
Cutgrass Leersia [22]
Cyclanthera Cyclanthera [40]
Cymopterus Cymopterus [40]
Dalea Dalea [31]
Dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum [24]
Dandelion Taraxacum [54]
Danthonia Danthonia [20]
Darnel Lolium temulentum [22]
Datura Datura [41]
Dayflower Commelina [29]
Deathcamas Zygadenus [30]
Deervetch Lotus [32]
Devilsclaw Proboscidea [51]
Dewberry Rubus [58]
Dianthera Justicia [45]
Diaperia Diaperia [41]
Dicliptera Dicliptera [41]
Ditaxis Ditaxis [41]
Dock Rumex [51]
Dodder Cuscuta [40]
Dogbane Apocynum [36]
Dogtail Cynosurus [20]
Dogweed Dyssodia [41]
Dogwood Cornus [56]
Draba Draba [41]
Dropseed Sporobolus [25]
Ducksmeat Spirodela [30]
Duckweed Lemna [29]
Dutchmans-breeches Dicentra cucullaria [41]
Dutchmanspipe Aristolochia [36]
Dwarfdandelion Krigia [45]
Echinacea Echinacea [41]
Echinocereus Echinocereus [41]
Einkorn Triticum monococcum [26]
Elderberry Sambucus [59]
Elephantsfoot Elephantopus [41]
Ellisia Ellisia [41]
Elm Ulmus [59]
Elodea Elodea [29]
Emmer Triticum dicoccum [26]
Engelmanndaisy Engelmannia [41]
Eriogonum Eriogonum [42]
Eryngo Eryngium [42]
Erysimum Erysimum [42]
Eulophus Perideridia [49]
Euonymus Euonymus [56]
Eupatorium Eupatorium [42]
Euphorbia Euphorbia [42]
Eveningprimrose Oënothera [48]
Evolvulus Evolvulus [42]
False-alyssum Berteroa [37]
Falseboneset Kuhnia eupatorioides [45]
Falsebuffalograss Munroa [23]
Falsedandelion Pyrrhopappus [51]
Falseflax Camelina [38]
Falsegarlic Nothoscordum [29]
Falsegrape Ampelopsis [55]
Falsenettle Boehmeria [38]
Falsenightshade Chamaesaracha [39]
Falsepennyroyal Hedeoma [44]
Falsepimpernel Lindernia [46]
Fameflower Talinum [54]
Fawnlily Erythronium [29]
Feathergrass, New Mexico Stipa neomexicana [26]
Feathertop Pennisetum villosum [24]
Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum [34]
Fescue Festuca [21]
Figwort Scrophularia [52]
Filaree Erodium cicutarium [42]
Filbert Corylus [56]
Fimbristylis Fimbristylis [27]
Fingergrass Digitaria [20]
Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium [41]
Flatsedge Cyperus [27]
Flaveria Flaveria [42]
Flax Linum [46]
Fleabane Erigeron [41]
Flowerofanhour Hibiscus trionum [44]
Fluffgrass Tridens pulchellus [26]
Fluxweed Isanthus [45]
Fogfruit, wedgeleaf Lippia lanceolata [46]
Forgetmenot Myosotis [48]
Fountaingrass Pennisetum ruppelii [24]
Four-o’clock Mirabilis [48]
Foxtail Alopecurus [18]
Fringeorchid Habenaria [29]
Fuirena Fuirena [27]
Funnellily Androstephium [29]
Gaillardia Gaillardia [43]
Galleta Hilaria jamesii [22]
Galleta, big Hilaria rigida [22]
Gamagrass Tripsacum [26]
Garlic Allium [29]
Garlicmustard Alliaria [35]
Gaura Gaura [43]
Gayfeather Liatris [46]
Gentian Gentiana [43]
Geranium Geranium [43]
Gerardia Gerardia [43]
Germander Teucrium [54]
Ghostpipe Orobanche uniflora [49]
Gianthyssop Agastache [35]
Giantreed Arundo [19]
Gilia Gilia [43]
Ginkgo Ginkgo [57]
Globemallow Sphaeralcea [53]
Goatgrass Aegilops [18]
Goldaster Chrysopsis [39]
Goldenrod Solidago [53]
Goldenweed Haplopappus [44]
Goldstargrass Hypoxis hirsuta [29]
Gooseberry Ribes [58]
Goosefoot Chenopodium [39]
Goosegrass Eleusine [21]
Grama Bouteloua [19]
Grape Vitis [59]
Greasewood Sarcobatus [59]
Greenbriar Smilax [30]
Greenthread Thelesperma [54]
Gromwell Lithospermum [46]
Groundcherry Physalis [49]
Groundivy Glechoma hederacea [43]
Groundsel Senecio [52]
Guineagrass Panicum maximum [23]
Gumweed Grindelia [43]
Hackberry Celtis [56]
Hairgrass Aira; Deschampsia [18], [20]
Hairsedge bulbstyle Bulbostylis cappillaris [27]
Hardinggrass Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera [24]
Haresear Conringia [40]
Hawkweed Hieracium [44]
Hawthorn Crataegus [56]
Hazel Corylus [56]
Hedgehyssop Gratiola [43]
Hedgemustard Sisymbrium officinale [53]
Heliopsis Heliopsis [44]
Heliotrope Heliotropium [44]
Hemicarpha Hemicarpha [28]
Hemp Cannabis [38]
Henbit Lamium amplexicaule [46]
Hibiscus Hibiscus [44]
Hickory Carya [56]
Hilaria Hilaria [22]
Hoarhound Marrubium [47]
Hogpeanut Amphicarpa [30]
Holly Ilex [57]
Hollyfern Polystichum [28]
Honeylocust Gleditsia [31], [57]
Honeysuckle Lonicera [47], [57]
Hop Humulus [45]
Hophornbeam Ostrya [57]
Hoptree Ptelea [57]
Hornwort Ceratophyllum [38]
Horsebean Vicia faba var. equina [34]
Horsegentian Triosteum [54]
Horsenettle Solanum carolinense [53]
Horseradish Armoracia lapathifolia [36]
Horsetail Equisetum [28]
Horseweed Conyza canadensis [40]
Houndstongue Cynoglossum [40]
Hyacinthbean Dolichos [31]
Hymenopappus Hymenopappus [45]
Hymenoxys Hymenoxys [45]
Hyparrhenia Hyparrhenia [22]
Indiangrass Sorghastrum [25]
Indianplantain Cacalia [38]
Indigo Indigofera [32]
Iris Iris [29]
Ironplant Haplopappus spinulosus [44]
Ironweed Vernonia [55]
Isopyrum Isopyrum [45]
Jackinthepulpit Arisaema [29]
Japanesemillet Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea [21]
Jaragua Hyparrhenia rufa [22]
Jerusalemartichoke Helianthus tuberosus [44]
Jimsonweed Datura stramonium [41]
Jobstears Coix [20]
Joepyeweed Eupatorium [42]
Johnnyjumpup Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii [55]
Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense [25]
Jointtail Manisuris [22]
Junegrass Koeleria [22]
Juniper Juniperus [57]
Kale Brassica oleracea var. acephala [38]
Kidneyvetch Anthyllis [30]
Kikuyugrass Pennisetum clandestinum [24]
Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens [38]
Knotgrass Paspalum distichum [24]
Knotweed Polygonum [50]
Kochia Kochia [45]
Krameria Krameria [45]
Kudzu Pueraria [33]
Kuhnia Kuhnia [45]
Lacegrass Eragrostis capillaris [21]
Ladiestresses Spiranthes [30]
Ladyslipper Cypripedium [29]
Lambsquarters Chenopodium album [39]
Larkspur Delphinium [41]
Lawngrass, Japanese Zoysia japonica [26]
Leadplant Amorpha canescens [30], [55]
Lentil Lens [32]
Lespedeza Lespedeza [32], [57]
Lettuce Lactuca [46]
Licorice Glycyrrhiza [32]
Lilac Syringa [59]
Lily Lilium [29]
Linden Tilia [59]
Lionsheart Physostegia [50]
Lipfern Cheilanthes [28]
Lippia Lippia [46]
Lobelia Lobelia [47]
Loco Astragalus [30]
Locust Robinia [34], [58]
Lomatium Lomatium [47]
Longtom Paspalum lividum [24]
Loosestrife Lysimachia [47]
Lophotocarpus Lophotocarpus [29]
Lopseed Phryma [49]
Lotus Nelumbo [48]
Lovegrass Eragrostis [21]
Lupine Lupinus [32]
Lythrum Lythrum [47]
Macuillamia Bacopa [37]
Maidenhairfern Adiantum [28]
Malacothrix Malacothrix [47]
Mallow Malva [47]
Mamillaria Mamillaria [47]
Manillagrass Zoysia matrella [26]
Mannagrass Glyceria [22]
Maple Acer [55]
Marbleseed Onosmodium [48]
Marshfern Dryopteris thelypteris [28]
Mascarenegrass Zoysia tenuifolia [26]
Matgrass Nardus [23]
Matrimonyvine Lycium halimifolium [57]
Mayapple Podophyllum [50]
Meadowrue Thalictrum [54]
Medic Medicago [32]
Melic Melica [22]
Mentzelia Mentzelia [47]
Mesquite Prosopis [33], [57]
Milkvetch Astragalus [30]
Milkweed Asclepias [36]
Millet Panicum; Setaria [25]
Mint Mentha [47]
Mitchellgrass Astrebla [19]
Mockbishopweed Ptilimnium [51]
Mockcucumber Echinocystis [41]
Molassesgrass Melinis [22]
Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia [47]
Monkeyflower Mimulus [47]
Monolepis Monolepis [48]
Moonseed Menispermum [47]
Morningglory Ipomoea [45]
Motherwort Leonurus [46]
Mountainash Sorbus [59]
Mountainmint Pycnanthemum [51]
Mousetail Myosurus [48]
Mudplantain Heteranthera [29]
Muhly Muhlenbergia [22]
Mulberry Morus [57]
Mullein Verbascum [54]
Muskthistle Carduus nutans [38]
Mustard Brassica [38]
Naiad Najas [29]
Nailwort Paronychia [49]
Napiergrass Pennisetum purpureum [24]
Nasturtium Nasturtium [48]
Natalgrass Rhynchelytrum roseum [25]
Needleandthread Stipa comata [26]
Needlegrass Stipa [26]
Nemastylis Nemastylis [29]
Nepeta Nepeta [48]
Nettle Urtica [54]
Nightshade Solanum [53]
Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi [23]
Nitgrass Gastridium [22]
Noseburn Tragia [54]
Nutgrass Cyperus [27]
Oak Quercus [58]
Oakleech Dasistoma [41]
Oat Avena [19]
Oatgrass Arrhenatherum [19]
Okra Hibiscus esculentus [44]
Onion Allium [29]
Oniongrass Melica [22]
Orach, tumbling Atriplex rosea [37]
Orchardgrass Dactylis [20]
Orcuttia Orcuttia [23]
Oregongrape Mahonia aquifolium [57]
Osageorange Maclura [57]
Othake Palafoxia [49]
Oxalis Oxalis [49]
Oxeyedaisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum [39]
Paintbrush Castilleja [38]
Paleseed Conobea [40]
Pampasgrass Cortaderia [20]
Pangolagrass Digitaria decumbens [20]
Panicum Panicum [23]
Paperflower Psilostrophe [51]
Pappusgrass Pappophorum [24]
Paragrass Panicum purpurascens [23]
Parrotfeather Myriophyllum [48]
Parsnip Pastinaca [49]
Parthenium Parthenium [49]
Partridgepea Cassia [31]
Paspalum Paspalum [24]
Pawpaw Asimina [55]
Pea Pisum [33]
Peanut Arachis [30]
Pear Pyrus communis [57]
Pearlmillet Pennisetum glaucum [24]
Pearlwort Sagina [52]
Peashrub Caragana [31], [56]
Peavine Lathyrus [32]
Pecan Carya illinoensis [56]
Pectis Pectis [49]
Pedicularis Pedicularis [49]
Pellitory Parietaria [49]
Pencilflower Stylosanthes [34]
Pennisetum Pennisetum [24]
Pennycress Thlaspi [54]
Penstemon Penstemon [49]
Penthorum Penthorum [49]
Peppergrass Lenidium densiflorum [46]
Pepperweed Lepidium [46]
Pepperwort Marsilea [28]
Perilla Perilla [49]
Persimmon Diospyros [56]
Phacelia Phacelia [49]
Phlox Phlox [49]
Pigeonpea Cajanus [31]
Pigweed Amaranthus [35]
Pimpernel Anagallis [35]
Pinedropseed Blepharoneuron [19]
Pinegrass Calamagrostis rubescens [20]
Pinweed Lechea [46]
Plantain Plantago [50]
Plum Prunus [57]
Plumegrass Erianthus [21]
Poisonhemlock Conium maculatum [40]
Poisonivy Rhus radicans [58]
Poisonvetch Astragalus [30]
Pokeberry Phytolacca [50]
Polemonium Polemonium [50]
Polygala Polygala [50]
Polypogon Polypogon [25]
Polytaenia Polytaenia [50]
Pondweed Potamogeton [29]
Poolmat Zannichellia [30]
Poplar Populus [57]
Poppymallow Callirhoë [38]
Porcupinegrass Stipa spartea [26]
Portulaca Portulaca [50]
Potato Solanum tuberosum [53]
Potatobean Apios [30]
Prairieclover Petalostemum [33]
Prairieconeflower Ratibida [51]
Prairiegentian Eustoma [42]
Pricklyash Xanthoxylum [59]
Pricklypear Opuntia [48]
Pricklypoppy Argemone [36]
Princesplume Stanleya [53]
Proso Panicum miliaceum [23]
Puncturevine Tribulus [54]
Purplerocket Iodanthus [45]
Purpletop Tridens flavus [26]
Purslane Portulaca [50]
Pussytoes Antennaria [35]
Quackgrass Agropyron repens [18]
Quakinggrass Briza [19]
Quickweed Galinsoga [43]
Quillwort Isoëtes [28]
Rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus [56]
Radish Raphanus [51]
Ragweed Ambrosia [35]
Rainlily Cooperia [29]
Rape Brassica rapa [38]
Raspberry Rubus [58]
Rattlesnakefern Botrychium [28]
Rattlesnakeroot Prenanthes [51]
Ravennagrass Erianthus ravennae [21]
Razorsedge Scleria [28]
Redbud Cercis [31], [56]
Redcedar Juniperus virginiana [57]
Redtop Agrostis alba [18]
Reed Phragmites [24]
Reedgrass Calamagrostis [20]
Rhodesgrass Chloris gayana [20]
Rhubarb Rheum [51]
Rice Oryza [23]
Ricegrass Oryzopsis [23]
Ricegrass, Mandan X Striporyzopsis caduca [26]
Ringwing Cycloloma [40]
Rockcress Arabis [36]
Rocket Hesperis [44]
Rocketsalad Eruca [42]
Rockjasmine Androsace [35]
Rose Rosa [58]
Rosegentian Sabatia [52]
Rosemallow Hibiscus [44]
Rosinweed Silphium [53]
Rotala Rotala [51]
Ruellia Ruellia [51]
Rush Juncus [28]
Rushpea Hoffmanseggia [32]
Russianolive Elaeagnus [56]
Russianthistle Salsola [52]
Rutabaga Brassica rapa [38]
Rye Secale [25]
Ryegrass Lolium [22]
Sacaton Sporobolus [25], [26]
Safflower Carthamus [38]
Sage Salvia [52]
Sagebrush Artemisia [36], [55]
Sagewort Artemisia [36]
Sainfoin Onobrychis [33]
Salsify Tragopogon [54]
Saltbush Atriplex [37], [55]
Saltgrass Distichlis [21]
Samolus Samolus [52]
Sandbur Cenchrus [20]
Sandgrass Triplasis [26]
Sandreed Calamovilfa [20]
Sandverbena Abronia [35]
Sandwort Arenaria [36]
Sanicle Sanicula [52]
Sassafras Sassafras [59]
Scouringrush Equisetum [28]
Scurfpea Psoralea [33]
Seablite Suaeda [54]
Sedge Carex [27]
Seedbox Ludwigia [47]
Seepweed Suaeda [54]
Selenia Selenia [52]
Selfheal Prunella [51]
Senna Cassia [31]
Sensitivebriar Schrankia [34]
Sensitivefern Onoclea [28]
Serradella Ornithopus [33]
Serviceberry Amelanchier [55]
Sesame Sesamum [52]
Sesbania Sesbania [34]
Shepherdspurse Capsella [38]
Shootingstar Dodecatheon [41]
Sicklepod Arabis canadensis [36]
Sida Sida [52]
Silene Silene [52]
Silvergrass Miscanthus [22]
Sisymbrium Sisymbrium [53]
Skeletongrass Gymnopogon [22]
Skeletonplant Lygodesmia [47]
Skullcap Scutellaria [52]
Sleepygrass Stipa robusta [26]
Sloughgrass Beckmannia [19]
Smartweed Polygonum [50]
Smilograss Oryzopsis miliacea [23]
Smutgrass, rattail Sporobolus poiretii [26]
Snailseed Cocculus [39]
Snakecotton Froelichia [43]
Snakeroot, white Eupatorium rugosum [42]
Snakeweed Gutierrezia [43], [57]
Snapweed Impatiens [45]
Sneezeweed Helenium [44]
Snowberry Symphoricarpos [59]
Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata [42]
Soapberry Sapindus [59]
Soapweed Yucca [30], [59]
Soapwort Saponaria [52]
Solomonplume Smilacina [30]
Solomonseal Polygonatum [29]
Sophora Sophora [34]
Sorghum Sorghum [25]
Sorrel Rumex [51]
Sowthistle Sonohus [53]
Soybean Glycine [31]
Spanishneedles Bidens bipinnata [37]
Speedwell Veronica [55]
Spermolepis Spermolepis [53]
Spiderflower Cleome [39]
Spiderwort Tradescantia [30]
Spikesedge Eleocharis [27]
Spleenwort Aspleninum [28]
Sprangletop Leptochloa [22]
Springbeauty Claytonia [39]
Spurge Euphorbia [42]
Squirreltail Sitanion [25]
St. augustinegrass Stenotaphrum [26]
St. johnswort Hypericum [45]
Stargrass Cynodon plectostachyum [20]
Stenosiphon Stenosiphon [54]
Stickseed Hackelia; Lappula [44], [46]
Stillingia Stillingia [54]
Stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis [21]
Stonecrop Sedum [52]
Strawberry Fragaria [42]
Sudangrass Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense [25]
Sugarcane Saccharum [25]
Sulla Hedysarum [32]
Sumac Rhus [58]
Sumpweed Iva [45]
Sunflower Helianthus [44]
Sunrose Helianthemum [44]
Sweetclover Melilotus [33]
Sweetflag Acorus [29]
Sweetpea Lathyrus odoratus [32]
Sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas [45]
Sweetroot Osmorhiza [49]
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum [24]
Sycamore Platanus [57]
Taenidia Taenidia [54]
Tamarisk Tamarix [59]
Tangierpea Lathyrus tingitanus [32]
Tanglehead Heteropogon [22]
Tansy Tanacetum [54]
Tansymustard Descurainia [41]
Teff Eragrostis tef [21]
Teosinte Euchlaena [21]
Tephrosia Tephrosia [34]
Thaspium Thaspium [54]
Thatchgrass Hyparrhenia hirta [22]
Themeda Themeda [26]
Thermopsis Thermopsis [34]
Thimbleberry, fragrant Rubus odoratus [58]
Thistle Cirsium [39]
Threeawn Aristida [19]
Tickclover Desmodium [31]
Tickseed Corispermum [40]
Tidestromia Tidestromia [54]
Timothy Phleum [24]
Toadflax Linaria [46]
Tobacco Nicotiana [48]
Tobosa Hilaria mutica [22]
Tomato Lycopersicum [47]
Toothwort Dentaria [41]
Torpedograss Panicum repens [23]
Tovara Tovara [54]
Townsendia Townsendia [54]
Treeofheaven Ailanthus [55]
Trefoil Lotus [32]
Trichloris Trichloris [26]
Tridens Tridens [26]
Trigonella Trigonella [34]
Trisetum Trisetum [26]
Trumpetcreeper Campsis [56]
Tumblegrass Schedonnardus [25]
Tumblemustard Sisymbrium altissimum [53]
Tumbleweed Amaranthus graecizans [35]
Turnip Brassica napus [38]
Uniola Uniola [26]
Vaseygrass Paspalum urvillei [24]
Velvetbean Stizolobium [34]
Velvetgrass Holcus [22]
Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti [35]
Venuslookingglass Specularia [53]
Verbena Verbena [54]
Vernalgrass Anthoxanthum [18]
Vetch Vicia [34]
Viburnum Viburnum [59]
Vinemesquite Panicum obtusum [23]
Violet Viola [55]
Virginsbower Clematis virginiana [39]
Wahoo, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus [56]
Walkingfern Camptosorus [28]
Walnut Juglans [57]
Watercress Rorippa [51]
Waterhemlock Cicuta [39]
Waterhemp Acnida [35]
Waterhyssop, disk Bacopa rotundifolia [37]
Waterleaf Hydrophyllum [45]
Waterlily Nymphaea [48]
Waterplantain Alisma [29]
Waterprimrose Jussiaea [45]
Waterstarwort Callitriche [38]
Wedgescale Sphenopholis [25]
Westerndaisy Astranthium [37]
Wheat Triticum [26]
Wheatgrass Agropyron [18]
Whitegrass Leersia virginica [22]
Widgeongrass Ruppia [30]
Wildbean Strophostyles [34]
Wildginger Asarum [36]
Wildindigo Baptisia [31]
Wildrice Zizania; Zizaniopsis [26]
Wildrye Elymus [21]
Willow Salix [58]
Willowweed Epilobium [41]
Windmillgrass Chloris verticillata [20]
Wingstem Verbesina alternifolia [55]
Wintercress Barbarea [37]
Winterfat Eurotia [56]
Wirelettuce Stephanomeria [54]
Wisteria Wisteria [35], [59]
Witchgrass Leptoloma; Panicum [22], [23]
Witchweed Striga lutea [54]
Wolffia Wolffia [30]
Wolftail Lycurus [22]
Woodfern Dryopteris [28]
Woodnettle Laportea [46]
Woodreed Cinna [20]
Woodsia Woodsia [28]
Yam Dioscorea [29]
Yarrow Achillea [35]
Yerbadetajo Eclipta alba [41]
Zinnia Zinnia [55]
Zizia Zizia [55]
Zoysia Zoysia [26]

GRASSES

Aegilops cylindrica Host goatgrass
Agropyron Gaertn. wheatgrass
cristatum[9] (L.) Gaertn. fairway w.
dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. thickspike w.
desertorum[9] (Fisch.) Schult. crested w.
elongatum[10] (Host) Beauv. tall w.
inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb. beardless w.
intermedium[11] (Host) Beauv. intermediate w.
repens (L.) Beauv. quackgrass
riparium Scribn. & Smith streambank w.
semicostatum (Steud.) Nees ex Boiss. drooping w.
sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv. Siberian w.
smithii Rydb. western w.
spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith bluebunch w.
subsecundum (Link) Hitchc. bearded w.
trachycaulum (Link) Malte slender w.
trichophorum[11] (Link) Richt. pubescent w.
Agrostis L. bentgrass
alba L. redtop
canina L. velvet b.
diegoensis Vasey thin b.
exarata Trin. spike b.
hiemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter b.
palustris Huds. creeping b.
tenuis Sibth. colonial b.
var. aristata (Parnell) Druce awned c. b.
Aira caryophyllea L. silver hairgrass
Alopecurus L. foxtail
aequalis Sobol. shortawn f.
arundinaceus Poir. creeping f.
carolinianus Walt. Carolina f.
myosuroides Huds. mouse f.
pratensis L. meadow f.
Ammophila Host beachgrass
arenaria (L.) Link European b.
breviligulata Fernald American b.
Andropogon L. bluestem
barbinodis Lag. cane b.
elliotti Chapm. elliott b.
gerardi Vitman big b.
glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy b.
hallii Hack. sand b.
intermedius R. Brown[12] caucasian b.
ischaemum L.[13] Turkestan b.
nodosus (Willem.) Nash angleton b.
perforatus Trin. ex Fourn. pinhole b.
saccharoides Swartz silver b.
scoparius Michx. little b.
tener (Nees) Kunth slender b.
ternarius Michx. splitbeard b.
virginicus L. broomsedge
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. sweet vernalgrass
Aristida L. threeawn
adscensionis L. sixweeks t.
arizonica Vasey Arizona t.
basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey forktip t.
curtissii (A. Gray) Nash curtiss t.
desmantha Trin. & Rupr. curly t.
dichotoma Michx. churchmouse t.
divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. poverty t.
fendleriana Steud. fendler t.
intermedia Scribn. & Ball kearney t.
longespica Poir. slimspike t.
longiseta Steud. red t.
oligantha Michx. prairie t.
orcuttiana Vasey single t.
purpurascens Poir. arrowfeather t.
purpurea Nutt. purple t.
ramosissima Engelm. ex A. Gray s-curve t.
wrightii Nash wright t.
Arrhenatherum Beauv. oatgrass
elatius (L.) Presl tall o.
var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner tuber o.
Arundinaria Michx. cane
gigantea (Walt) Muhl. giant c.
tecta (Walt) Muhl. switch c.
Arundo donax L. giantreed
Astrebla pectinata F.v.M.[14] mitchellgrass
Avena L. oat
barbata Brot. slender o.
byzantina C. Koch red o.
fatua L. wild o.
nuda L. naked o.
sativa L. common o.
Axonopus affinis Chase carpetgrass
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald American sloughgrass
Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash pinedropseed
Bouteloua Lag. grama
barbata Lag. sixweeks g.
chondrosioides (H.B.K.) Benth. ex S. Wats. sprucetop g.
curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sideoats g.
eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. black g.
filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths slender g.
gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud. blue g.
hirsuta Lag. hairy g.
rothrockii Vasey rothrock g.
Briza L. quakinggrass
maxima L. big q.
media L. perennial q.
minor L. little q.
Bromus L. brome
arenarius Labill. Australian b.
arvensis L. field b.
brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. rattle b.
carinatus[15] Hook. & Arn. mountain b.
catharticus Vahl. rescue b.
ciliatus[16] L. fringed b.
commutatus Schrad. hairy b.
erectus Huds. meadow b.
frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standl. weeping b.
inermis Leyss. smooth b.[17]
japonicus Thunb. Japanese b.
madritensis L. Spanish b.
mollis L. soft b.
purgans L. Canada b.
racemosus L. bald b.
rigidus Roth ripgut b.
rubens L. red b.
secalinus L. cheat
stamineus[18] E. Desv. harlan b.
sterilis L. poverty b.
tectorum L. downy b.
tomentellus[18] Boiss. Russian b.
vulgaris (Hook.) Shear Columbia b.
Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. buffalograss
Calamagrostis Adans. reedgrass
canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. bluejoint r.
epigeios (L.) Roth chee r.
inexpansa A. Gray northern r.
rubescens Buckl. pinegrass
Calamovilfa Hack. sandreed
gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr. big s.
longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. prairie s.
Cenchrus L. sandbur
myosuroides H.B.K. big s.
pauciflorus Benth. sandbur
setigerus[19] Vahl birdwoodgrass
Chloris Swartz chloris; windmillgrass[20]
distichophylla Lag. weeping c.
gayana Kunth rhodesgrass
verticillata Nutt. windmillgrass
virgata Swartz showy c.
Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed
Coix lacryma-jobi L. jobstears
Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn. pampasgrass
Cynodon L. Rich. bermudagrass
dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass
plectostachyum[19] (Schum.) Pilger stargrass
transvaalensis Burtt-Davy African b.
Cynosurus cristatus L. crested dogtail
Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass
Danthonia Lam. & DC. danthonia
californica Boland. California d.
intermedia Vasey timber d.
pilosa R. Br. hairy d.
spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. poverty d.
Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. tufted hairgrass
Diarrhena americana Beauv. American beakgrain
Digitaria Heister crabgrass; fingergrass[21]
decumbens Stent pangolagrass
filiformis (L.) Koel. slender f.
ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth c.
sanguinalis (L.) Scop. crabgrass
Distichlis Raf. saltgrass
spicata (L.) Greene seashore s.
stricta (Torr.) Rydb. inland s.
Echinochloa Beauv. cockspur
crusgalli (L.) Beauv. barnyardgrass
var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight japanesemillet
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass
Elymus L. wildrye
arenanius L. European dune w.
canadensis L. Canada w.
caput-medusae L. medusahead w.
chinensis (Trin.) Keng [A. pseudo-agropyron (Griseb.) Franch.][22] Chinese w.
cinereus Scribn. & Merr. basin w.
condensatus Presl giant w.
giganteus Vahl mammoth w.
glaucus Buckl. blue w.
junceus[22] Fish. Russian w.
macounii Vasey macoun w.
triticoides Buckl. beardless w.
villosus Muhl. hairy w.
virginicus L. Virginia w.
Eragrostis Beauv. lovegrass
barrelieri Daveau Mediterranean l.
capillaris (L.) Nees lacegrass
chloromelas Steud. boer l.
cilianensis (All.) Lutati stinkgrass
curtipedicellata Buckl. gummy l.
curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping l.
frankii C. A. Meyer ex Steud. sandbar l.
hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. teal l.
intermedia Hitchc. plains l.
lehmanniana Nees lehmann l.
oxylepis (Torr.) Torr. (not E. secundiflora Presl as shown in older manuals) red l.
pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Carolina l.
pilosa (L.) Beauv. India l.
poaeoides Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. little l.
secundiflora Presl (see E. oxylepis)
sessilispica Buckl. tumble l.
spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. purple l.
tef (Zuccagni) Trotter teff
trichodes (Nutt.) Wood sand l.
Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass
Erianthus Michx. plumegrass
ravennae (L.) Beauv. ravennagrass
Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. prairie cupgrass
Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. teosinte
Festuca L. fescue
arizonica Vasey Arizona f.
arundinacea Schreb. tall f.
elatior L. meadow f.
idahoensis Elmer Idaho f.
megalura Nutt. foxtail f.
myuros L. rattail f.
obtusa Bieler nodding f.
octoflora Walt. sixweeks f.
ovina L. sheep f.
var. duriuscula (L.) Koch hard f.
paradoxa Desv. cluster f.
rubra L. red f.
var. commutata Gaud. chewings f.
scabrella Torr. rough f.
thurberi Vasey thurber f.
viridula Vasey green f.
Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. nitgrass
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. fowl mannagrass
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. bearded skeletongrass
Heteropogon Pers. tanglehead
contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. tanglehead
melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth. sweet t.
Hilaria H.B.K. hilaria
belangeri (Steud.) Nash curlymesquite
jamesii (Torr.) Benth. galleta
mutica (Buckl.) Benth. tobosa
rigida (Thurb.) Benth. big galleta
Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass
Hordeum L. barley
brachyantherum Nevski northern-meadow b.
jubatum L. foxtail b.
var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc. bobtail b.
nodosum L.[23] meadow b.
pusillum Nutt. little b.
vulgare L. barley
Hyparrhenia Anderss. ex Stapf hyparrhenia
hirta (L.) Stapf thatchgrass
rufa (Nees) Stapf jaragua
Hystrix patula Moench bottlebrushgrass
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. cogongrass
Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. prairie junegrass
Leersia Swartz cutgrass
lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass
oryzoides (L.) Swartz rice c.
virginica Willd. whitegrass
Leptochloa Beauv. sprangletop
dubia (H.B.K.) Nees green s.
fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray bearded s.
filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. red s.
Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase fall witchgrass
Lolium L. ryegrass
multiflorum Lam. Italian r.
perenne L. perennial r.
temulentum L. darnel
Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. wolftail
Manisuris L. jointtail
cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze Carolina j.
tuberculosa Nash Florida j.
Melica L. melic; oniongrass[24]
bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult. oniongrass
imperfecta Trin. coastrange m.
mutica Walt. twoflower m.
nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper threeflower m.
porteri Scribn. porter m.
Melinis minutiflora Beauv. molassesgrass
Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese silvergrass
Muhlenbergia Schreb. muhly
andina (Nutt.) Hitchc. foxtail m.
arenicola Buckl. sand m.
asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi alkali m.
brachyphylla Bush nodding m.
capillaris (Lam.) Trin. hairawn m.
cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. plains m.
filiformis (Thurb.) Rydb. pullup m.
foliosa (Roem. & Schult.) Trin.[25] leafy m.
frondosa (Poir.) Fernald wirestem m.
var. mexicana (L.) Trin. forma commutata (Scribn.) Fernald (based on M. mexicana subsp. commutata Scribn.) bearded w. m.
montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. mountain m.
porteri Scribn. porter m.
pungens Thurb. sandhill m.
racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P. green m.
schreberi Gmel. nimblewill
sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. rock m.
squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb.[26] mat m.
sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. forest m.
torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush ring m.
wrightii Vasey spike m.
Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. falsebuffalograss
Nardus stricta L. matgrass
Orcuttia Vasey orcuttia
Oryza sativa L. rice
Oryzopsis Michx. ricegrass
hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker Indian r.
miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. ex Aschers. & Schweinf. smilograss
Panicum L. panicum; witchgrass
agrostoides Spreng. redtop p.
anceps Michx. beaked p.
antidotale Retz. blue p.
bulbosum H.B.K. bulb p.
capillare L. common w.
var. occidentale Rydb. cushion w.
depauperatum Muhl. stunted p.
dichotomiflorum Michx. fall p.
gatttingeri Nash gattinger w.
hillmani Chase hillman p.
huachucae Ashe huachuca p.
latifolium L. wideleaf p.
leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. leiberg p.
lindheimeri Nash lindheimer p.
linearifolium Scribn. slimleaf p.
malacophyllum Nash softleaf p.
maximum Jacq. guineagrass
miliaceum L. proso
obtusum H.B.K. vinemesquite
perlongum Nash elongate p.
praecocius Hitchc. & Chase early p.
purpurascens Raddi paragrass
ramosum L. browntopmillet
repens L. torpedograss
scoparium Lam. velvet p.
scribnerianum Nash scribner p.
sphaerocarpon Ell. roundseed p.
tennesseense Ashe Tennessee p.
texanum Buckl. Texas p.
villosissimum Nash hairy p.
virgatum L. switchgrass
werneri Scribn. werner p.
wilcoxianum Vasey wilcox p.
Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees pappusgrass
Paspalum L. paspalum
ciliatifolium Michx. fringeleaf p.
circulare Nash roundseed p.
dilatatum Poir. dallisgrass
distichum L. knotgrass
floridanum Michx. Florida p.
var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey smooth F. p.
fluitans (Ell.) Kunth horsetail p.
laeve Michx. field p.
lividum Trin. longtom
malacophyllum Trin. ribbed p.
notatum Flügge bahiagrass
plicatulum Michx. brownseed p.
pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed p.
repens Bergius[27] horsetail p.
stramineum Nash sand p.
urvillei Steud. vaseygrass
Pennisetum L. Rich. pennisetum
alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. Chinese p.
ciliare (L.) Link buffelgrass
clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. kikuyugrass
glaucum[28] (L.) R. Br. pearlmillet
purpureum Schumach napiergrass
ruppelii Steud.[29] fountaingrass
villosum R. Br. feathertop
Phalaris L. canarygrass
arundinacea L. reed c.
canariensis L. canarygrass
caroliniana Walt. Carolina c.
minor Retz. littleseed c.
tuberosa L. bulb c.
var. stenoptera (Hack.) Hitchc. hardinggrass
Phleum L. timothy
alpinum L. alpine t.
pratense L. timothy
Phragmites communis Trin. common reed
Poa L. bluegrass
ampla Merr. big b.
annua L. annual b.
arachnifera Torr. Texas b.
arida Vasey plains b.
bulbosa L. bulbous b.
canbyi (Scribn.) Piper canby b.
chapmaniana Scribn. chapman b.
compressa L. Canada b.
fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey mutton b.
nevadensis Vasey ex Scribn. Nevada b.
pratensis L. Kentucky b.
scabrella (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey pine b.
secunda Presl rough b.
sylvestris A. Gray woodland b.
trivialis L. roughstalk b.
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. rabbitfoot polypogon
Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. nuttall alkaligrass
Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb) Vasey blowoutgrass
Rhynchelytrum roseum[30] (Nees) Stapf and Hubb. ex Bews natalgrass
Saccharum officinarum L. sugarcane
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. tumblegrass
Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. burrograss
Secale L. rye
cereale L. rye
montanum Guss. mountain r.
Setaria Beauv. bristlegrass; millet[31]
faberii Herrm. giant b.[32]
geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. knotroot b.
italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail m.
lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.[33] yellow b.[32]
macrostachya H.B.K. plains b.
verticillata (L.) Beauv. hooked b.
viridis (L.) Beauv. green b.[32]
Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith bottlebrush squirreltail
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash indiangrass
Sorghum Moench[34] sorghum
halepense ( L.) Pers. johnsongrass
var. almum Parodi[35] sorghum almum
bicolor (L.) Moench. sorghum
var. drummondii (Nees) Hack. ex Chiov. chickencorn
var. sudanense Hitchc. sudangrass
var. technicum (Koern.) Jav. broomcorn
Spartina Schreb. cordgrass
alterniflora Loisel. smooth c.
cynosuroides (L.) Roth big c.
gracilis Trin. alkali c.
patens (Ait.) Muhl. marshhay c.
pectinata Link prairie c.
Sphenopholis Scribn. wedgescale
intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender w.
obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. prairie w.
Sporobolus R. Br. dropseed; sacaton
airoides (Torr.) Torr. alkali s.
asper (Michx.) Kunth tall d.
var. hookeri (Trin.) Vasey meadow t.d.
var. pilosus (Vasey) Hitchc. hairy t.d.
clandestinus (Bieler) Hitchc. hidden d.
cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray sand d.
flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb. mesa d.
giganteus Nash giant d.
heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray prairie d.
interruptus Vasey black d.
neglectus Nash puffsheath d.
poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. rattail smutgrass
pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. whorled d.
texanus Vasey Texas d.
vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood poverty d.
wrightii Munro ex Scribn. sacaton
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze St. augustinegrass
Stipa L. needlegrass
cernua Stebbins & Love nodding n.
columbiana Macoun subalpine n.
comata Trin. & Rupr. needleandthread
leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Texas n.
neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. New Mexico feathergrass
occidentalis Thurb. western n.
pulchra Hitchc. purple n.
robusta (Vasey) Scribn. sleepygrass
spartea Trin. porcupinegrass
viridula Trin. green n.
X Stiporyzopsis caduca (Beal) B. L. Johnson & Rogler (Oryzopsis hymenoides X Stipa viridula) Mandan ricegrass
Themeda triandra Forsk. themeda
Tragus Hall. burgrass
Trichachne Nees cottontop
californica (Benth.) Chase Arizona c.
patens Swallen Texas c.
Trichloris Fourn. trichloris
mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz[36] twoflower t.
pluriflora Fourn. fourflower t.
Tridens Roem. & Schult. tridens
albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standl. white t.
elongatus (Buckl.) Nash rough t.
flavus (L.) Hitchc. purpletop
muticus (Torr.) Nash slim t.
pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc. hairy t.
pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc. fluffgrass
strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike t.
Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. purple sandgrass
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gamagrass
Trisetum Pers. trisetum
flavescens (L.) Beauv. yellow t.
spicatum (L.) Richt. spike t.
Triticum L. wheat
aestivum L. common w.
dicoccum Schrank emmer
durum Desf. durum w.
monococcum L. einkorn
turgidum L. poulard w.
Uniola L. uniola
latifolia Michx. broadleaf u.
sessiliflora Poir. longleaf u.
Zea mays L. corn
Zizania aquatica L. wildrice
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. southern wildrice
Zoysia Willd. zoysia
japonica Steud. Japanese lawngrass
matrella (L.) Merr.[37] manillagrass
tenuifolia Willd. ex. Trin. mascarenegrass

FOOTNOTES:

[9] Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum are part of a complex that includes several other species.

[10] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[11] A complex.

[12] Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus (a complex) of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[13] Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[14] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[15] A complex, including B. californicus Nutt. ex Buckl., B. marginatus Nees, B. maritimus (Piper) Hitchc., and B. polyanthus Scribn.

[16] Includes B. richardsoni Link.

[17] In written material in which B. inermis is the only Bromus species discussed, its common name may be shortened to brome.

[18] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[19] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[20] Spp. with stiff spreading spikes are called windmillgrass.

[21] The name “fingergrass” applied to erect spp.

[22] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[23] The name H. nodosum has generally been misapplied to H. brachyantherum in this country.

[24] The name “oniongrass” applied to those spp. with bulblike stem bases.

[25] M. foliosa is a name formerly applied to M. mexicana. M. mexicana was then misapplied to the recently recognized M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald, which it resembles.

[26] Considered to be a form of M. richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb., see 1951 ed. of Hitchcock’s manual, p. 382.

[27] Listed as P. fluitans (Ell.) Kunth on p. 602 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[28] Listed as P. typhoides, Stapf and Hubbard, page 74 USDA Handbook 170, “Grass varieties in the U.S.,” June, 1965.

[29] Older name, now listed as P. setaceum, p. 729 in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[30] Included in Tricholaena in some manuals.

[31] In some areas certain Setaria spp. have been called foxtail, but to avoid confusion, that common name should be reserved to the genus Alopecurus.

[32] These three species are sometimes called foxtail.

[33] Listed as S. glauca (L.) Beauv. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 226, and on p. 235, Vol. I, of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[34] Listed as Sorgum Adans. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 234, and on p. 244 in Vol. I of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[35] Sorghum almum is not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual. Parodi, in his 1943 paper, concluded that it must have originated as a hybrid between S. halepense and some other sorghum.

[36] Listed on p. 530 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual as T. crinita (Lag.) Parodi.

[37] Z. pungens Willd. in some manuals.

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke hairsedge bulbstyle
Carex L. sedge
aggregata Mackenz. glomerate s.
amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. narrowleaf s.
annectens Bickn. yellowfruit s.
austrina (Small) Mackenz. southern s.
bicknellii Britt. bicknell s.
blanda Dew. woodland s.
brevior (Dew.) Mackenz. straw s.
bushii Mackenz. bush s.
cephalophora Muhl. woodbank s.
davisii Schwein. & Torr. davis s.
emoryi Dew. emory s.
frankii Kunth frank s.
granularis Muhl. meadow s.
gravida Bailey heavy s.
hyalinolepis Steud. thin scale s.
hystricina Muhl. bottlebrush s.
laeviconica Dew. smoothcone s.
lanuginosa Michx. woolly s.
leavenworthii Dew. leavenworth s.
lupulina Muhl. hop s.
meadii Dew. mead s.
microdonta Torr. & Hook. littletooth s.
pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckl.(C. heliophila Mackenz.) pennsylvania s.
praegracilis W. Boott clusteredfield s.
scoparia Schkuhr broom s.
stipata Muhl. sawbeak s.
vulpinoidea Michx. fox s.
Cyperus L. flatsedge; nutgrass
acuminatus Torr. & Hook. tapeleaf f.
diandrus Torr. low f.
erythrorhizos Muhl. redroot f.
esculentus L. yellow n.
ferruginescens Boeckl. slender f.
filiculmis Vahl fern f.
houghtonii Torr. Houghton f.
inflexus Muhl. awned f.
ovularis (Michx.) Torr. globe f.
rivularis Kunth brook f.
schweinitzii Torr. schweinitz f.
strigosus L. false n.
virens Michx. (C. pseudovegetus Steud.) green f.
Eleocharis R. Br. spikesedge
acicularis (L.) R. & S. needle s.
compressa Sulliv. flatstem s.
engelmanni Steud. engelmann s.
macrostachya Britt. longstem s.
obtusa (Willd.) Schultes blunt s.
wolfii Gray wolf s.
Fimbristylis Vahl fimbristylis
autumnalis (L.) R. & S. var. mucronulata (Michx.) Fern.
caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. [F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl; F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula (Michx.) Britt.; F. interior Britt.] inland f.
Fuirena simplex Vahl fuirena
Hemicarpha Nees hemicarpha
drummondi Nees drummond h.
micrantha (Vahl) Pax common h.
Juncus L. rush
balticus Willd. baltic r.
biflorus Ell. (J. aristulatus of Gray’s 7th ed., not Michx.) twoflower r.
diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod r.
dudleyi Wieg. dudley r.
interior Wieg. inland r.
kansanus F. J. Herm. Kansas r.
marginatus Rostk. grassleaf r.
nodatus Coville stout r.
tenuis Willd. (J. macer S. F. Gray) soft r.
torreyi Coville torrey r.
Killinga (see Cyperus)
Scirpus L. bulrush
americanus Pers. American b.
atrovirens Willd. green b.
fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray river b.
hallii Gray hall b.
lineatus Michx. rusty b.
pallidus (Britt.) Fern. pale b.
paludosus Nels. alkali b.
validus Vahl softstem b.
Seleria Bergius razorsedge
pauciflora Muhl. fewflower r.
triglomerata Michx. whip r.

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

Adiantum pedatum L. American maidenhairfern
Asplenium L. spleenwort
platyneuron (L.) Oakes ebony s.
resiliens Kunze blackstem s.
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnakefern
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link walkingfern
Cheilanthes feei Moore fee lipfern
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. brittle bladderfern
Dryopteris Adans. woodfern
thelypteris (L.) Gray marshfern
Equisetum L. horsetail; scouringrush
arvense L. field h.
hyemale L. (including E. prelatum Raf.) scouringrush
laevigatum A. Br. (including E. kansanum Schaffn.) smooth h.
Isoëtes butleri Engelm. quillwort
Marsilea mucronata A. Br. (M. vestita of Gray’s 7th ed., not Hook. & Grev.) pepperwort
Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze cloakfern
Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitivefern
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. adderstongue
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake
Polystichum Roth hollyfern
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott christmasfern
Pteridium Gleditsch bracken
aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
var. pubescens Underw. western b.
var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. eastern b.
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. common woodsia

OTHER MONOCOTS

Acorus calamus L. drug sweetflag
Alisma subcordatum Raf. subcordate waterplantain
Allium L. onion; garlic
various native spp. wild o.; wild g.
Anacharis (see Elodea)
Androstephium coerculeum (Scheele) Greene blue funnellily
Arisaema Mart. jackinthepulpit
dracontium (L.) Schott dragonroot j.
triphyllum (L.) Schott indian j.
Asparagus officinalis L. asparagus
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. blackberrylily
Camassia scilloides[38] (Raf.) Cory Atlantic camas
Commelina L. dayflower
diffusa Burm. f. (C. longicaulis of manuals) creeping d.
erecta L. (including C. virginica of manuals, not L.) erect d.
Cooperia drummondii Herb. eveningstar rainlily
Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. (C. parviflorum Salisb.) small yellow ladyslipper
Dioscorea villosa L. Atlantic yam
Echinodorus Richard burhead
cordifolius (L.) Griseb. [E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm.]
rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm. [E. cordifolius of manuals, not (L.) Griseb.]
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John [Anacharis occidentalis (Pursh) Vict.] elodea
Erythronium albidum Nutt. white fawnlily
Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) Gray prairie fringeorchid
Heteranthera R. & P. mudplantain
dubia (Jacq.) MacM. grassleaf m.
limosa (Sw.) Willd. blue m.
reniformis R. & P. kidneyleaf m.
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville goldstargrass
Iris L. iris
brevicaulis Raf. (I. foliosa Mackenz. & Bush) lamance i.
versicolor L. blueflag i.
Lemna L. duckweed
minima Philippi least d.
minor L. common d.
perpusilla Torr. minute d.
Lilium michiganense Farw. Michigan lily
Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Sm. lophotocarpus
Melanthium virginicum L. bunchflower
Najas quadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus [Naias g. (Spreng.) Morong] southern naiad
Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. (N. acuta Herb.) nemastylis
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. yellow falsegarlic
Polygonatum canaliculatum (Muhl.) Pursh solomonseal
Potamogeton L. pondweed
diversifolius Raf. waterthread p.
foliosus Raf. leafy p.
illinoensis Morong (P. lucens of manuals, not L.) Illinois p.
nodosus Poir. (P. americanus C. & S.) longleaf p.
obtusifolius Mert. & Koch bluntleaf p.
pectinatus L. fennelleaf p.
pusillus L. baby p.
Ruppia maritima L. widgeongrass
Sagittaria L. arrowhead
ambigua J. G. Sm. Kansas a.
brevirostra Mackenz. & Bush shortbeak a.
cuneata Sheldon duckpotato a.
latifolia Willd. (including S. esculenta Howell) common a.
longiloba Engelm. longbarb a.
Sisyrinchium L. blue-eyedgrass
angustifolium Mill. (including S. graminoides Bickn.) common b.
campestre Bickn. prairie b.
Smilacina Desf. solomonplume
racemosa (L.) Desf. feather s.
stellata (L.) Desf. starry s.
Smilax L. greenbriar
lasioneura Hook. (included in S. herbacea L. in some manuals)
tamnoides. L. var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern. (S. hispida Muhl.) bristly g.
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. giant burreed
Spiranthes Richard ladiestresses
cernua (L.) Richard nodding l.
vernalis Engelm. & Gray upland l.
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. common ducksmeat
Tradescantia L. spiderwort
bracteata Small bracted s.
occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth prairie s.
ohiensis Raf. (T. canaliculata Raf.)
tharpii Anders. & Woodson tharp s.
Typha L. cattail
angustifolia L. narrowleaf c.
latifolia L. common c.
Wolffia columbiana Karst. wolffia
Yucca glauca Nutt. small soapweed
Zannichellia palustris L. common poolmat
Zygadenus nuttallii Gray (also spelled Zigadenus) nuttall deathcamas

FOOTNOTES:

[38] C. scilloides in Gray’s 8th Ed.: C. scillioides in some manuals.

LEGUMES (including woody species)

Acacia augustissima (Mill.) Ktze. prairie acacia
Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. alyceclover
Amorpha L. amorpha
canescens Pursh leadplant
fruticosa L. indigobush a.
Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. southern hogpeanut
Anthyllis vulnerania L. kidneyvetch
Apios americana Medic. American potatobean
Arachis hypogaea L. peanut
Astragalus L. milkvetch: species not poisonous
loco: species causing locoism
poisonvetch: species causing poisoning other than locoism
canadensis L. Canada m.
caryocarpus Ker (A. crassicarpus Nutt.) groundplum m.
cicer L. cicer m.
gracilis Nutt. slender m.
lotiflorus Hook. lotus m.
missouriensis Nutt. Missouri m.
mollissimus Torr. woolly l.
pectinatus (Hook.) Dougl. narrowleaf p.
plattensis Nutt. Nebraska m.
racemosus Pursh creamy p.
rubyi Greene & Morris ruby m.
spatulatus Sheld. (A. caespitosus Gray; Homalobus caespitosus Nutt.) tufted m.
Baptisia Vent. wildindigo
leucantha T. & G. Atlantic w.
leucophaea Nutt. plains w.
minor Lehm. blue w.
Cajanus cajan Millsp. (C. indicus Spreng.) pigeonpea
Caragana arborescens Lam. Siberian peashrub
Cassia L. senna; partridgepea
fasciculata Michx. (Chamaecrista f. B. & B., including C. rostrata Woot. & Standl.) showy p.
marilandica L. wild s.
nictitans L. sensitive p.
Cercis canadensis L. eastern redbud
Cicer arientinum L. chickpea
Coronilla varia L. crownvetch
Crotalaria L. crotalaria
incana L. shackshack c.[39]
juncea L. sunn c.
mucronata Desv. striped c.
sagittalis L. arrow c.
spectabilis Roth showy c.
Cytisus L. broom
Dalea[40] Juss. dalea
alopecuroides Willd. [D. leporina (Alt.) Kearney & Peebles] foxtail d.
aurea Nutt. silktop d.
enneandra Nutt. nineanther d.
jamesii (Torr.) T. & G. james d.
lanata Spreng. woolly d.
nana Torr. dwarf d.
Desmanthus Willd. bundleflower
illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. Illinois b.
leptolobus T. & G. slenderlobed b.
Desmodium Desv. tickclover
canadense (L.) DC. Canada t.
canescens (L.) DC. hoary t.
cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loud. [D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.] longleaf t.
glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood [D. acuminatum (Michx.) DC.] largeflower t.
illinoense Gray Illinois t.
paniculatum (L.) DC. panicled t.
sessilifolium (Torr.) T. & G. sessile t.
tortuosum DC. (D. purpureum Fawcett & Rendle) tall t.
Dolichos lablab L. hyacinthbean
Gleditsia triacanthos L. honeylocust
Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) Harper bagpod
Glycine max (L.) Merr. soybean
Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh American licorice
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch Kentucky coffeetree
Hedysarum coronarium L. sulla
Hoffmanseggia jamesii T. & G. rushpea
Homalobus (see Astragalus)
Indigofera L. indigo
hirsuta L. hairy i.
leptosepala Nutt. western i.
Lathyrus L. peavine
hirsutus L. rough p.
latifolius L. perennial p.
odoratus L. sweetpea
polymorphous Nutt. [including L. incanus (Sm. & Rydb.) Rydb. and L. stipulaceous (Pursh) Butters & St. John] hoary p.
pusillus Ell. low p.
sativus L. grass p.
sylvestris L. flat p.
tingitanus L. tangierpea
venosus Muhl. veiny p.
Lens culinaris Medic. (L. esculenta Moench) lentil
Lespedeza Michx. lespedeza
bicolor Turcz. shrub l.
capitata Michx. roundhead l.
cuneata (Dumont) G. Don sericea l.
cyrtobotrya Miq. bush l.
daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. var. schimadae (Masam.) Masam. & Hosok prostrate-daurican l.
hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitagawa rush l.
hirta (L.) Hornem. hairy l.
intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt. wand l.
japonica Bailey Japan l.
latissima Nakai decumbent l.
manniana Mackenz. & Bush mann l.
nuttallii Darl. nuttall l.
procumbens Michx. trailing l.
repens (L.) Bart. creeping l.
stipulacea Maxim. Korean l.
striata (Thunb.) H. & A. common l.
stuevei Nutt. stuves l.
violacea (L.) Pers. (L. prairea Britt.) violet l.
virginica (L.) Britt. slender l.
Lotus L. deervetch (native American spp.); trefoil
americanus (Nutt.) Bisch. American d.
corniculatus L. birdsfoot t.
tenuis Waldst. & Dit. ex. Willd. narrowleaf b.t.
uliginosus Schkuhr (L. major Sm.; L. villosus Willd.) big t.
Lupinus L. lupine
albus L. white l.
angustifolius L. blue l.
luteus L. yellow l.
plattensis S. Wats. Nebraska l.
pusillus Pursh low l.
subcarnosus Hook. Texas l.
Medicago L. medic; burclover; alfalfa
arabica (L.) Huds. spotted b.
arborea L. tree m.
ciliaris Bald. ex DC. fringed m.
falcata L. yellow a.
hispida Gaertn. California b.
lupulina L. black m.
minima (L.) Desr. little b.
orbicularis All. button m.
rigidula Desr. Tifton b.
sativa L. alfalfa
scutellata Mill. snail m.
tuberculata Willd. tuberculous m.
Melilotus Mill. sweetclover
alba Desr. white s.
dentata Pers. banat s.
indica (L.) All. annual yellow s.
officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow s.
suaveolens Ledeb. daghestan s.
Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop. common sainfoin
Ornithopus sativus Brot. serradella
Oxytropis lambertii Pursh lambert crazyweed[41]
Petalostemum[42] Michx. prairieclover
candidum (Willd.) Michx. white p.
compactum (Spreng.) Swezey compact p.
multiflorum Nutt. roundheaded p.
occidentale (Gray) Fern. western p.
porterianum Small porter p.
purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. purple p.
tenuifolium Gray slimleaf p.
villosum Nutt. silky p.
Phaseolus L. bean
aconitifolius Jacq. moth b.
acutifolius Gray Texas b.
angularis Wight adsuki b.
aureus Roxb. mung b.
calcaratus Roxb. rice b.
coccineus L. (P. multiflorus Lam.) runner b.
lunatus L. (including var. macrocarpus Benth.) lima b.
vulgaris L. common b.
Pisum L. pea
arvense (L.) Poir. field p.
sativum L. garden p.
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals; including P. glandulosa Torr. and P. velutina Woot.) mesquite
Psoralea L. scurfpea
argophylla Pursh silverleaf s.
cuspidata Pursh tallbread s.
digitata Nutt. palmleaf s.
osculenta Pursh common breadroot s.
hypogaea Nutt. little breadroot s.
lanceolata Pursh lemon s.
linearifolia T. & G. slimleaf s.
psoralioides (Walt.) Cory bobsroot s.
tenuiflora Pursh slimflower s.
var. floribunda (Nutt.) Rydb. manyflower s.
Pueraria DC. kudzu
lobata (Willd.) Ohwi [P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.] thunberg k.
phaseoloides Benth. tropical k.
Robinia L. locust
pseudo-acacia L. black l.
viscosa Vent. clammy l.
Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl. (S. uncinata of manuals, not Willd.) catclaw sensitivebriar
Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory sesbania
Sophora sericea Nutt. silky sophora
Stizolobium deeringianum Bort. velvetbean
Strophostyles Ell. wildbean
helvola (L.) Ell. trailing w.
leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper smoothseed w.
Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. pencilflower
Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. [including T. leucosericea (Rydb.) Cory] Virginia tephrosia
Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt. ex Rich. prairie thermopsis
Trifolium L. clover
agrarium L. hop c.
alexandrinum L. berseem
ambiguum Bieb. kura c.
arvense L. rabbitfoot c.
campestre Schreb. plains c.
carolinianum Michx. Carolina c.
dubium Sibth. small hop c.
fragiferum L. strawberry c.
glomeratum L. cluster c.
hirtum All. rose c.
hybridum L. alsike c.
incarnatum L. crimson c.
lappaceum L. lappa c.
medium L. zigzag c.
nigrescens Viv. ball c.
pratense L. red c.
procumbens L. large hop c.
reflexum L. buffalo c.
repens L. white c.
resupinatum L. Persian c.
stoloniferum Eat. stoloniferous c.
striatum L. knotted c.
subterraneum L. subterranean c.
Trigonella L. trigonella
foenum-graecum L. fenugreek
Vicia L. vetch
americana Muhl. American v.
angustifolia Reichard narrowleaf v.
articulata Hornem. oneflower v.
benghalensis L. (V. atropurpurea Desf.) purple v.
caroliniana Walt. Carolina v.
cracca L. bird v.
dasycarpa Ten. woollypod v.
ervilia Willd. bitter v.
faba L. broadbean
var. equina Pers. (V. faba L. subsp. major Alef.) horsebean
grandiflora Scop. bigflower v.
ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana v.
monantha (L.) Desf. oneflower v.
pannonica Crantz. Hungarian v.
sativa L. common v.
sparsifolia Nutt. stiffleaf v.
trifida Dietr. clubleaf v.
villosa Roth hairy v.
Vigna Savi cowpea
sesquipedalis Fruwirth yardlong c.
sinensis (L.) Endl. cowpea
Wisteria macrostachya Nutt. wisteria

FOOTNOTES:

[39] Listed as shack c. in 1948 USDA Yearbook of Agriculture.

[40] The genus Dalea includes Petalostemum in some manuals.

[41] Often termed stemless loco in older literature but the name loco should be reserved for the genus Astragalus.

[42] The genus Petalostemum is included in Dalea in some manuals.

OTHER DICOT FORBS

Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. sweet sandverbena
Abutilon theophrasti Medic. velvetleaf
Acalypha L. copperleaf
gracilens Gray slender c.
ostryaefolia Riddell hophornbeam c.
virginica L. Virginia c.
Acerates (see Asclepias)
Achillea L. yarrow
millefolium L. subsp. millefolium common y.
millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper western y.
Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood waterhemp
Actinea (see Hymenoxys)
Actinomeris (see Verbesina)
Agastache Clayt. gianthyssop
nepetoides (L.) Ktze. catnip g.
scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze. purple g.
Agoseris cuspidata (see Microseris)
Agrimonia L. agrimony
parviflora Ait. many flower a.
pubescens Wallr. downy a.
rostellata Wallr. woodland a.
Agrostemma githago L. common corncockle
Alliaria officinalis Andrz. garlicmustard
Allionia (included in Mirabilis)
Amaranthus L. pigweed (amaranth of SPN)
graecizans L. (A. blitoides S. Wats.) tumbleweed
hybridus L. slim p.
palmeri S. Wats. palmer p.
retroflexus L. rough p.
spinosus L. spiny p.
torreyi (Gray) Benth. torrey p.
Ambrosia L. ragweed
artemisiifolia L. (A. elatior L.) common r.
bidentata Michx. lanceleaf r.
psilostachya DC. (A. coronopifolia T. & G.) western r.
trifida L. giant r.
Ammannia ammannia
auriculata Willd. earleaf a.
coccinea Rottb. purple a.
Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt. (Gonolobus laevis of manuals, not Michx.) climbingmilkweed
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. willow amsonia
Anagallis arvensis L. scarlet pimpernel
Androsace occidentalis Pursh western rockjasmine
Anemone L. anemone
canadensis L. meadow a.
caroliniana Walt. Carolina a.
cylindrica Gray candle a.
decapetala Ard. tenpetal a.
virginiana L. Virginia a.
Antennaria Gaertn. pussytoes
neglecta Greene (including A. campestris Rydb. & A. longifolia Greene) field p.
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (including A. fallax Greene) plantainleaf p.
Anthemis L. camomile
cotula L. mayweed c.
tinctoria L. golden c.
Anychia (see Paronychia)
Aplopappus (see Haplopappus)
Apocynum L. dogbane
cannabinum L. hemp d.
sibiricum Jacq. prairie d.
Aquilegia L. columbine
Arabis L. rockcress
canadensis L. sickle pod
dentata (Torr.) T. & G. toothed r.
hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins hairy r.
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. smooth r.
virginica (L.) Poir. Virginia r.
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. smaller burdock
Arenaria L. sandwort
patula Michx. pitchers s.
serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf s.
stricta Michx. var. texana Robins. Texas s.
Argemone L. pricklypoppy
polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey
squarrosa Greene (including A. hispida Gray) hedgehog p.
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims dutchmanspipe
Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. [Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc.] common horseradish
Artemisia L. sagewort; sagebrush
annua L. sweet sagewort
biennis Willd. biennial sagewort
campestris L. (A. canadensis Michx.) prairie sagewort
dracunculus L. falsetarragan sagewort
filifolia Torr. sand sagebrush
ludoviciana Nutt. [including var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T. & G.] Louisiana sagewort
vulgaris L. common sagewort
Asarum canadense L. wildginger
Asclepias L. (including Acerates Ell.) milkweed
amplexicaulis Sm. bluntleaf m.
arenaria Torr. sand m.
auriculata (Engelm.) Holz. (Acerates a. Engelm.) leafy m.
hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (Acerates h. Pennell) prairie m.
incarnata L. swamp m.
lanuginosa Nutt. [Acerates l. (Nutt.) DC.] woolly m.
latifolia (Torr.) Raf. broadleaf m.
pumila (Gray) Vail plains m.
purpurascens L. purple m.
speciosa Torr. showy m.
stenophylla Gray (Acerates angustifolia Dene.) narrowleaf m.
subverticillata (Gray) Vail (A. galioides HBK.) poison m.
sullivantii Engelm. sullivant m.
syriaca L. var. kansana (Vail) Palmer & Steyerm. Kansas m.
syriaca L. var. syriaca common m.
tuberosa L. butterfly m.
verticillata L. whorled m.
viridiflora Raf. [Acerates v. (Raf.) Eaton] green m.
Asclepiodora[43] Gray antelopehorn
decumbens (Nutt.) Gray (Asclepias capricornu Woodson) spider a.
viridis (Walt.) Gray (Asclepias v. Walt.) green a.
Aster L. aster
anomalus Engelm. manyray a.
arenosus Blake [Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene] babywhite a.
azureus Lindl. azure a.
drummondii Lindl. drummond a.
ericoides L. heath a.
exilis Ell. slim a.
fendleri Gray fendler a.
laevis L. var. laevis smooth a.
novae-angliae L. New England a.
oblongifolius Nutt. aromatic a.
ontarionis Wieg. (A. missouriensis Britt., & A. pantotrichus Blake) Missouri a.
paludosus Ait. singlestem bog a.
praealtus Poir. willowleaf a.
sagittifolius Wedemeyer arrow a.
sericeus Vent. silky a.
simplex Willd. (A. paniculatus Lam. not Mill.) panicled a.
tanacetifolius HBK. [Machaeranthera t. (HBK.) Nees] tansyleaf a.
tataricus L. f. tatarian a.
vimineus Lam. small white a.
Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. entireleaved westerndaisy
Atriplex L. saltbush
argentea Nutt. silverscale s.
canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing s.
patula L. fat-hen s.
rosea L. tumbling orach
Aureolaria (see Gerardia)
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (Macuillamia r. Michx.) disk waterhyssop
Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC. [Picradeniopsis o. (Nutt.) Rydb.] plains bahia
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. bitter wintercress
Bergia texana (Hook.) Seubert Texas bergia
Berlandiera DC. berlandiera
lyrata Benth. wireleaf b.
texana DC. Texas b.
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. hoary false-alyssum
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville stalky berula
Beta L. beet
Bidens L. beggarticks
bipinnata L. spanishneedles
cernua L. [including B. glaucescens Greene, & B. elliptica (Wieg.) Gleason] nodding b.
frondosa L. devils b.
polylepis Blake [B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britt.] coreopsis b.
tripartita L. [B. comosa (Gray) Wieg., & B. connata Muhl.] bur b.
vulgata Greene tall b.
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle
Boltonia L’Her. boltonia
asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. recognita (Fern. & Griscom) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray var. recognita Fern. & Griscom) white b.
asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. latisquama (Gray) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray) violet b.
Brassica L. mustard
juncea (L.) Coss. India m.
kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler charlock
napus L. (B. rapa of authors, not L.) turnip
nigra (L.) Koch black m.
oleracea L. cabbage, etc.
rapa L. (B. campestris L.) rape & rutabaga
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. [B. umbellata (Greene) Rydb.] brickellia
Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts
Cacalia L. indian plantain
atriplicifolia L. pale i.
tuberosa Nutt. tuberous i.
Calceolaria (see Hybanthus)
Callirhoë Nutt. poppymallow
alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray pale p.
digitata Nutt. finger p.
involucrata (T. & G.) Gray purple p.
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh waterstarwort
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. littlepod falseflax
Campanula americana L. American bellflower
Cannabis sativa L. hemp
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. shepherdspurse
Cardamine L. bittercress
bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. bulb b.
parviflora L. smallflower b.
pensylvanica Muhl. Pennsylvania b.
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (Lepidium draba L.) hoary cress
Carduus nutans L. muskthistle
Carthamus tinctorius L. safflower
Castilleja Mutis paintbrush
citrina Pennell citron p.
coccinea (L.) Spreng. indian p.
sessiliflora Pursh downy p.
Centaurea L. centaurea
americana Nutt. basketflower
cyanus L. cornflower
repens L. (C. picris Pall.) Russian knapweed
solstitialis L. yellow c.
Cerastium L. cerastium
brachypodum (Engelm.) Robins. shortstalk c.
nutans Raf. powderhorn c.
vulgatum L. big c.
Ceratophyllum demersum L. hornwort
Chaerophyllum L. chervil
procumbens (L.) Crantz spreading c.
reflexum Bush. reflexed c.
texanum C. & R. Texas c.
Chamaesaracha Gray falsenightshade
conioides (Moric.) Britt.
coronopus (Dunal) Gray green f.
Chamaesyce (included in Euphorbia)
Chenopodium L. goosefoot
albescens Small pale g.
album L. lambsquarters
ambrosioides L. wormseed g.
berlandieri Moq. pitseed g.
boscianum Moq. goosefoot
cycloides A. Nels. sandhill g.
fremontii S. Wats. fremont g.
glaucum L. oakleaf g.
hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau mapleleaf g.
incanum (S. Wats.) Heller
leptophyllum Nutt. slimleaf g.
murale L. nettleleaf g.
petiolare HBK.
salinum Standl. alkali g.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. oxeyedaisy
Chrysopsis Ell. goldaster
pilosa Nutt. soft g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. angustifolia (Rydb.) Cron. [C. angustifolia Rydb., C. stenophylla (Gray) Greene]
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens Gray (C. berlandieri Greene)
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. foliosa (Nutt.) D. C. Eat. (C. foliosa Nutt.) leafy g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. hispida (Hook.) Gray [C. viscida (Gray) Greene] rough g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. villosa (including C. bakeri Greene, C. ballardi Rydb., C. hirsutissima Greene, & C. asprella Greene) hairy g.
Cichorium intybus L. common chicory
Cicuta maculata L. waterhemlock
Circaea latifolia Hill broadleaf circaea
Cirsium Mill. thistle
altissimum (L.) Spreng. tall t.
arvense (L.) Scop. Canada t.
ochrocentrum Gray yellowspine t.
undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. wavyleaf t.
vulgare (Savi) Airy-Shaw (C. lanceolatum of manuals) bull t.
Claytonia virginica L. Virginia springbeauty
Clematis L. clematis
fremontii S. Wats. fremont c.
ligusticifolia Nutt. western c.
pitcheri T. & G. pitcher c.
virginiana L. virginsbower
Cleome L. spiderflower
serrulata Pursh bee s.
spinosa Jacq. spiny s.
Cleomella angustifolia Torr. cleomella
Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. Carolina snailseed
Collinsia violacea Nutt. collinsia
Comandra Nutt. comandra
pallida A. DC. pale c.
richardsiana Fern. richards c.
Conium maculatum L. poisonhemlock
Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. [Leucospora m. (Michx.) Nutt.] paleseed
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. treacle haresear
Convolvulus L. bindweed
arvensis L. field b.
incanus Vahl gray b.
sepium L. (including C. interior House of manuals) hedge b.
Conyza L. conyza
canadensis (L.) Cron. [Erigeron c. L., Leptilon c. (L.) Britt.] horseweed
ramosissima Cron. (Erigeron divaricatus Michx.)
Coreopsis L. coreopsis
grandiflora Hogg bigflower c.
palmata Nutt. finger c.
tinctoria Nutt. plains c.
Corispermum L. tickseed
hyssopifolium L. hyssopleaf t.
nitidum Kit. bugseed
Corydalis Medic. corydalis
aurea Willd. golden c.
campestris (Britt.) Buchholz & Palmer plains c.
crystallina Engelm. mealy c.
flavula (Raf.) DC. pale c.
micrantha (Engelm.) Gray smallflower c.
Cristatella jamesii T. & G. cristatella
Croton L. croton
capitatus Michx. woolly c.
glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg. tropic c.
lindheimerianus Scheele threeseed c.
monanthogynus Michx. oneseed c.
texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. Texas c.
Crotonopsis elliptica Willd. crotonopsis
Cryptantha Lehm. (including Oreocarya Greene) cryptantha
crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene thicksepal c.
jamesii (Torr.) Payson [O. suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene] james c.
Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. buffalogourd
Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne clammy cuphea
Cuscuta L. dodder
cephalanthi Engelm. buttonbush d.
coryli Engelm. hazel d.
cuspidata Engelm. cusp d.
glomerata Choisy cluster d.
indecora Choisy showy d.
pentagona Engelm. field d.
polygonorum Engelm. smartweed d.
Cyclanthera dissecta (T. & G.) Arn. cyclanthera
Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. tumble ringwing
Cymopterus Raf. cymopterus
acaulis (Pursh) Raf. stemless c.
montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. (Phellopterus m. Nutt.) mountain corkwing
Cynoglossum L. houndstongue
officinale L. common h.
virginianum L. wildcomfrey h.
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. oakleech
Datura L. datura
innoxia Mill. (D. meteloides DC., D. metel of manuals, not L.) sacred d.
stramonium L. jimsonweed
Daucus L. carrot
carota L. wild c.
pusillus Michx. southwestern c.
Delphinium L. larkspur
ajacis L. rocket l.
tricorne Michx. dwarf l.
virescens Nutt. plains l.
Dentaria laciniata Muhl. cutleaf toothwort
Descurainia Webb & Berthelot tansymustard
pinnata (Walt.) Britt. [including D. intermedia (Rydb.) Daniels, & D. magna Rydb.] pinnate t.
sophia (L.) Webb flixweed t.
Dianthera (see Justicia)
Diaperia prolifera Nutt. diaperia
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. dutchmans-breeches
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. dicliptera
Diodia teres Walt. rough buttonweed
Ditaxis Vahl ditaxis
humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Pax low d.
mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult. tall d.
Dodecatheon meadia L. common shootingstar
Draba L. draba
brachycarpa Nutt. shortpod d.
cuneifolia Nutt. wedgeleaf d.
reptans (Lam.) Fern. (D. caroliniana Walt.) carolina d.
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. (Rudbeckia a. Vahl) clasping coneflower
Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. prairie dogweed
Echinacea Moench echinacea
angustifolia DC. blacksamson e.
atrorubens Nutt. [including E. paradoxa (Norton) Britt.] yellow e.
pallida Nutt. pale e.
Echinocereus Engelm. echinocereus
reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage jr. (E. caespitosus Engelm.) lace e.
viridiflorus Engelm. greenpitaya e.
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. wild mockcucumber
Echium vulgare L. blueweed
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. yerbadetajo
Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. elephantsfoot
Ellisia nyctelea L. ellisia
Engelmannia pinnatifida T. & G. engelmanndaisy
Epilobium L. willowweed
angustifolium L. fireweed
coloratum Biehler purpleleaf w.
leptophyllum Raf. (E. lineare of manuals, not Muhl.) narrowleaf w.
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. American burnweed
Erigeron L. (see also Conyza) fleabane
annuus (L.) Pers. annual f.
bellidiastrum Nutt. western f.
flagellaris Gray trailing f.
philadelphicus L. Philadelphia f.
pumilus Nutt. low f.
strigosus Muhl. [E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP.] daisy f.
Eriogonum Michx. eriogonum
annuum Nutt. annual e.
longifolium Nutt. longleaf e.
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. filaree
Eruca sativa Mill. rocketsalad
Eryngium L. eryngo
leavenworthii T. & G. leavenworth e.
yuccifolium Michx. buttonsnakeroot e.
Erysimum L. erysimum
asperum (Nutt.) DC. plains e.
inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. smallflower e.
repandum L. spreading e.
Eulophus (see Perideridia)
Eupatorium L. eupatorium; joepyeweed
altissimum L. tall e.
coelestinum L. mistflower e.
maculatum L. spotted j.
perfoliatum L. boneset
purpureum L. (E. falcatum Michx.) bluestem j.
rugosum Houtt. (E. urticaefolium Reichard) white snakeroot
serotinum Michx. late e.
Euphorbia L. [including Tithymalus (Tourn.) Adans., & Chamaesyce Small] euphorbia; spurge
corollata L. flowering s.
dentata Michx. [including E. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Boiss.] toothed e.
dictyosperma Fisch. & Mey. warty e.
esula L. leafy s.
fendleri T. & G. (E. greenei in Rydb.’s floras) fendler e.
geyeri Engelm. geyer e.
glyptosperma Engelm. ridgeseed e.
heterophylla L. painted e.
hexagona Nutt. sixangle e.
humistrata Engelm. spreading e.
lata Engelm. hoary e.
maculata L. (variously known as E. hypericifolia L., E. hyssopifolia L., E. nutans Lag., & E. preslii Guss.) spotted e.
marginata Pursh snow-on-the-mountain
missurica Raf. [including E. nuttallii (Engelm.) Small, & E. petaloidea Engelm.] Missouri s.
obtusata Pursh roughpod e.
serpens HBK. serpent e.
serpyllifolia Pers. thymeleaf e.
stictospora Engelm. slimseed e.
supina Raf. (called E. maculata L. in manuals) prostrate s.
Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) Griseb. russell prairiegentian
Evolvulus nuttallianus R. & S. nuttall evolvulus
Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. (F. esculentum Moench) common buckwheat
Flaveria campestris J. R. Johnston flaveria
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne wild strawberry
Franseria Cav. bursage
acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville variable b.
confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. (F. tenuifolia Harv. & Gray) slimleaf b.
tomentosa Gray burragweed
Froelichia Moench snakecotton
floridana (Nutt.) Moq. var. campestris (Small) Fern. (F. campestris Small) field s.
gracilis (Hook.) Moq. slender s.
Gaillardia Foug. gaillardia
aristata Pursh common perennial g.
drummondii (Hook.) DC. drummond g.
fastigiata Greene prairie g.
pulchella Foug. (G. aristosa of manuals) rosering g.
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake (G. aristulata Bickn.) fringed quickweed
Galium L. bedstraw
aparine L. catchweed b.
circaezans Michx. var. hypomalacum Fern. woods b.
concinnum T. & G. shining b.
obtusum Bigel. bluntleaf b.
pilosum Ait. hairy b.
tinctorium L. dye b.
triflorum Michx. fragrant b.
Gaura L. gaura
biennis L. biennial g.
coccinea Pursh scarlet g.
parviflora Dougl. smallflower g.
villosa Torr. hairy g.
Gentiana puberula Michx. downy gentian
Geranium L. geranium
carolinianum L. Carolina g.
maculatum L. spotted g.
Gerardia L. gerardia
aspera Dougl. rough g.
auriculata Michx. [Tomanthera a. (Michx.) Raf.] earleaf g.
densiflora Benth. [Tomanthera d. (Benth.) Raf.] fineleaf g.
grandiflora Benth. [Aureolaria g. (Benth.) Pennell] bigflower g.
skinneriana Wood rose g.
tenuifolia Vahl slender g.
Geum L. avens
canadense Jacq. white a.
vernum (Raf.) T. & G. heartleaf a.
Gilia R. & P. gilia
laxiflora (Coult.) Osterh. irion g.
longiflora (Torr.) G. Don whiteflower g.
spicata Nutt. spike g.
Glechoma hederacea L. [Nepeta h. (L.) Trevisan] groundivy
Gnaphalium L. cudweed
obtusifolium L. fragrant c.
purpureum L. purple c.
Gonolobus (see Ampelamus)
Gossypium hirsutum L. upland cotton
Gratiola L. hedgehyssop
aurea Muhl. (G. lutea Raf. in part) golden h.
virginiana L. Virginia h.
Grindelia Willd. gumweed
lanceolata Nutt. spinytooth g.
squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal curlycup g.
Gutierrezia Lag. snakeweed
dracunculoides (DC.) Blake [Amphiachyris d. (DC.) Nutt.] broomweed
sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis Rydb.) broom s.
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston [Lappula v. (L.) Greene] Virginia stickseed
Haplopappus Endl. (including Aplopappus Cass., Sideranthus Sweet, & Oonopsis Greene) goldenweed
ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. (Prionopsis ciliata Nutt.) wax g.
divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray [Isopappus d. (Nutt.) T. & G.] slender g.
englemannii Z. (Gray) Hall [Oonopsis e. (Gray) Greene] englemann g.
phyllocephalus DC. (Sideranthus annuus Rydb.) annual g.
spinulosus (Pursh) DC. [Sideranthus s. (Pursh) Sweet] ironplant
Hedeoma Pers. falsepennyroyal
drummondii Benth. drummond f.
hispida Pursh rough f.
pulegioides (L.) Pers. American f.
Helenium L. sneezeweed
autumnale L. common s.
nudiflorum Nutt. purplehead s.
tenuifolium Nutt. bitter s.
Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. sunrose
Helianthus L. sunflower
annuus L. (including H. lenticularis Dougl.) common s.
grosseserratus Martens sawtooth s.
hirsutus Raf. [H. leptocaulis (Wats.) Blake (including H. virilis Wats.)] hairy s.
laetiflorus Pers. [including H. rigidus (Cass.) Desf., & H. severus Wats.] stiff s.
maximiliani Schrad. maximilian s.
mollis Lam. ashy s.
petiolaris Nutt. prairie s.
salicifolius A. Dietr. willowleaf s.
tuberosus L. (including H. mollissimus E. E. Wats.) jerusalemartichoke
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fern. rough heliopsis
Heliotropium L. heliotrope
convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray bindweed h.
spathulatum Rydb. wild h.
tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. pasture h.
Hesperis matronalis L. dames rocket
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby camphorweed
Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. var. grayana Rosend., Butt., & Lak. alumroot
Hibiscus L. hibiscus; rosemallow
esculentus L. okra
militaris Cav. scarlet r.
trionum L. flowerofanhour
Hieracium longipilum Torr. longbeard hawkweed
Houstonia L. bluets
minima Beck tiny b.
nigricans (Lam.) Fern. (H. angustifolia Michx.) narrowleaf b.
Humulus lupulus L. hop
Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. [Calceolaria verticillata (Ortega) Ktze.] Northamerican calceolaria
Hydrophyllum L. waterleaf
appendiculatum Michx. notchbract w.
virginianum L. Virginia w.
Hymenopappus L’Her. hymenopappus
corymbosus T. & G. flattop h.
scabiosaeus L’Her. whitebract h.
tenuifolius Pursh slimleaf h.
Hymenoxys Cass. (Actinea Juss., Tetraneuris Greene, Actinella Pers.) hymenoxys
acaulis (Pursh) Parker [Tetraneuris a. (Pursh) Greene] stemless h.
odorata DC. [Actinea o. (DC.) Ktze., & Actinella o. (DC.) Gray] bitterweed
scaposa (DC.) Parker var. linearis (Nutt.) Parker (Tetraneuris fastigiata Greene) plains h.
Hypericum L. St. johnswort
drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) T. & G. drummond S.
mutilum L. dwarf S.
perforatum L. common S.
punctatum Lam. spotted S.
sphaerocarpum Michx. roundfruit S.
Impatiens L. snapweed
biflora Walt. spotted s.
nortoni Rydb. norton s.
pallida Nutt. pale s.
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. purplerocket
Ipomoea L. morningglory
batatas Lam. sweetpotato
hederacea (L.) Jacq. ivyleaf m.
lacunosa L. white m.
leptophylla Torr. bush m.
pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey. bigroot m.
purpurea (L.) Roth common m.
Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP. fluxweed
Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. Atlantic isopyrum
Iva L. sumpweed
ciliata Willd. seacoast s.
xanthifolia Nutt. rag s.
Jussiaea repens L. var. glabrescens Ktze. (J. diffusa of manuals, not Forsk.) floating waterprimrose
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl (Dianthera a. L.) American dianthera
Kallstroemia Scop. caltrop
hirsutissima Vail hairy c.
intermedia Rydb. intermediate c.
Kochia Roth kochia
Krameria lanceolata Torr. (K. secundiflora of manuals, not DC.) trailing krameria
Krigia Schreb. dwarfdandelion
dandelion (L.) Nutt. [Cynthia d. (L.) DC.] tube d.
occidentalis Nutt. [Cymbia o. (Nutt.) Standl.] western d.
oppositifolia Raf. [Serinia o. (Raf.) Ktze.] common d.
Kuhnia L. kuhnia
eupatorioides L. (K. suaveolens Fresen.; K. hitchcockii A. Nels.) falseboneset
Lactuca L. lettuce
canadensis L. Canada l.
floridana (L.) Gaertn. Florida l.
ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Louisiana l.
pulchella (Pursh) DC. chicory l.
scariola L. (L. serriola L.; L. virosa of manuals, not L.) prickly l.
Lamium amplexicaule L. henbit
Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaud. woodnettle
Lappula Moench stickseed
echinata Gilib. European s.
redowskii (Hornem.) Greene [L. occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene] flatspine s.
texana (Scheele) Britt. (L. heterosperma Greene) cupseed s.
Lechea tenuifolia Michx. pinweed
Leonurus cardiaca L. common motherwort
Lepidium L. pepperweed
campestre (L.) R. Br. field p.
densiflorum Schrad. peppergrass
perfoliatum L. clasping p.
ramosissimum Nels. manybranch p.
virginicum L. Virginia p.
Lesquerella S. Wats. bladderpod
gracilis (Hook.) S. Wats. [including L. repanda (Nutt.) S. Wats.] spreading b.
ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats. Louisiana b.
ovalifolia Rydb. ovalleaf b.
Leucelene ericoides (see Aster arenosus)
Liatris Schreb. gayfeather
angustifolia (Bush) Gaiser narrowleaf g.
kansana (Britt.) Rydb. Kansas g.
punctata Hook. dotted g.
pycnostachya Michx. thickspike g.
scariosa (L.) Willd. tall g.
squarrosa (L.) Michx. scaly g.
Linaria Mill. toadflax
canadensis (L.) Dum. var. canadensis oldfield t.
canadensis var. texana (Scheele) Pennell Texas t.
vulgaris Hill butter-and-eggs t.
Lindernia All. falsepimpernel
anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell clasping f.
dubia (L.) Pennell yellowseed f.
Linum L. flax
compactum A. Nels.
lewisii Pursh [L. pratense (Norton) Small] lewis f.
rigidum Pursh stiffstem f.
sulcatum Riddell grooved f.
usitatissimum L. common f.
Lippia L. lippia
cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud. wedgeleaf fogfruit
lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fern. & Grisc. lanceleaf l.
Lithospermum L. gromwell
arvense L. corn g.
canescens (Michx.) Lehm. hoary g.
incisum Lehm. (L. angustifolium Michx., & L. linearifolium Goldie) narrowleaf g.
latifolium Michx. American g.
Lobelia L. lobelia
cardinalis L. cardinalflower
siphilitica[44] L. bigblue l.
spicata Lam. palespike l.
splendens Willd. western cardinalflower
Lomatium Raf. lomatium
foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. [including L. daucifolium (Nutt.) C. & R., & L. villosum Raf.] carrotleaf l.
orientale C. & R. eastern l.
Lonicera L. honeysuckle
Ludwigia L. seedbox
alternifolia L. bushy s.
palustris (L.) Ell. var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc. marsh s.
polycarpa Short & Peter manyseed s.
Lychnis alba Mill. white cockle
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. tomato
Lycopus L. bugleweed
americanus Muhl. American b.
asper Greene (L. lucidus Turcz.) rough b.
virginicus L. Virginia b.
Lygodesmia D. Don skeletonplant
juncea (Pursh) D. Don rush s.
rostrata Gray beaked s.
Lysimachia L. (including Steironema Raf.) loosestrife
ciliata L. fringed l.
nummularia L. moneywort
Lythrum alatum Pursh winged lythrum
Machaeranthera Nees (see Aster)
Macuillamia (see Bacopa)
Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) T. & G. sowthistle malacothrix
Malva L. mallow
neglecta Wallr. common m.
rotundifolia L. running m.
sylvestris L. high m.
verticillata L. cluster m.
Mamillaria Haw. (Neomamillaria Britt.) mamillaria
missouriensis Sweet (including M. similis Engelm.) Missouri m.
vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. [including Neomamillaria radiosa (Engelm.) Rybd.]
Marrubium vulgare L. common hoarhound
Martynia (see Proboscidea)
Melampodium cinereum DC. (M. leucanthum T. & G.) plains blackfoot
Menispermum canadense L. common moonseed
Mentha arvensis L. field mint
Mentzelia L. mentzelia
decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg tenpetal m.
nuda (Pursh) T. & G. var. stricta (Osterh.) Harrington [M. stricta (Osterh.) Stevens ex Jeff. & Little] bractless m.
oligosperma Nutt. stickleaf m.
Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip. [Agoseris c. (Pursh) Raf.] wavyleaf agoseris
Mimulus L. monkeyflower
alatus Ait. sharpwing m.
glabratus HBK. roundleaf m.
ringens L. Alleghany m.
Mirabilis L. (including Oxybaphus L’Her., & Allionia Loefl.) four-o’clock
albida (Walt.) Heimerl white f.
carletoni (Standl.) Standl. carleton f.
hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. hairy f.
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl narrowleaf f.
nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. prairie f.
Mollugo verticillata L. carpetweed
Monarda L. beebalm
citriodora Cerv. lemon b.
clinopodioides Gray basil b.
fistulosa L. var. menthaefolia (Graham) Fern. (M. menthaefolia Graham) mintleaf b.
fistulosa L. var. mollis (L.) Benth. (M. mollis L.) wildbergamot b.
punctata L. subsp. occidentalis Epl. (M. pectinata Nutt.) spotted b.
Monolepis nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene nuttall monolepis
Myosotis verna. Nutt. (M. virginica of manuals) Virginia forgetmenot
Myosurus minimus L. tiny mousetail
Myriophyllum L. parrotfeather
heterophyllum Michx. changeleaf p.
pinnatum (Walt.) BSP. green p.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. nasturtium
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. [?N. pentapetala (Walt.) Fern.] American lotus
Nepeta L. (see also Glechoma) nepeta
cataria L. catnip
Nicotiana L. tobacco
Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f. spatterdock cowlily
Nymphaea odorata Ait. American waterlily
Oënothera L. eveningprimrose
albicaulis Pursh pale e.
biennis L. common e.
biennis L. var. hirsutissima Gray [O. strigosa (Rydb.) Mackenz. & Bush] bristly-common e.
canescens Torr. & Frem. beakpod e.
coronopifolia T. & G. combleaf e.
fremontii S. Wats. fremont e.
hartwegii Benth. var. fendleri Gray fendler e.
hookeri T. & G. hooker e.
laciniata Hill cutleaf e.
lavandulaefolia T. & G. lavenderleaf e.
linifolia Nutt. narrowleaf e.
missouriensis Sims Missouri e.
rhombipetala Nutt. fourpoint e.
serrulata Nutt. serrateleaf e.
speciosa Nutt. white e.
tetragona Roth var. latifolia (Rydb.) Fern. (Kneiffia latifolia Rydb.) broadleaf e.
triloba Nutt. stemless e.
Onosmodium Michx. marbleseed
hispidissimum Mackenz. rough m.
occidentale Mackenz. western m.
Oonopsis engelmannii (see Haplapappus)
Opuntia Mill. pricklypear; cholla
arborescens Engelm. [O. imbricata (Haw.) DC.] walkingstick c.
fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. brittle p.
humifusa Raf. common p.
macrorhiza Engelm. bigroot p.
polyacantha Haw. plains p.
tortispina Engelm. twistspine p.
Oreocarya (see Cryptantha)
Orobanche L. broomrape
ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana b.
uniflora L. ghostpipe
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. longstyle sweetroot
Othake (see Palafoxia)
Oxalis L. oxalis
europaea Jord. European yellow o.
stricta L. common yellow o.
violacea L. violet woodsorrel o.
Oxybaphus (included in Mirabilis)
Palafoxia spacelata (Nutt.) Cory [Othake s. (Nutt.) Rydb.] othake
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. pellitory
Paronychia Mill. nailwort
canadensis (L.) Wood [Anychia c. (L.) BSP.] Canada n.
fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. (Anychia polygonoides Raf.) forked n.
jamesii T. & G. james n.
Parthenium integrifolium L. parthenium
Pastinaca sativa L. parsnip
Pectis angustifolia Torr. pectis
Pedicularis canadensis L. pedicularis
Penstemon Mitchell penstemon
albidus Nutt. white p.
ambiguus Torr. gilia p.
angustifolius Nutt. ex Pursh, subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck narrowleaf p.
buckleyi Pennell buckley p.
cobaea Nutt. cobaea p.
digitalis Nutt. smooth p.
grandiflorus Nutt. shell-leaf p.
pallidus Small pale p.
tubaeflorus Nutt. tube p.
Penthorum sedoides L. penthorum
Perideridia americana (Nutt.) Reichenb. (Eulophus a. Nutt.) eulophus
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. common perilla
Phacelia Juss. phacelia
gilioides A. Brand (P. hirsuta of many SW botanists, not Nutt.) hairy p.
integrifolia Torr. gyp p.
Phellopterus (see Cymopterus)
Phlox L. phlox
bifida Beck tenpoint p.
divaricata L. sweetwilliam p.
paniculata L. summer p.
pilosa L. prairie p.
Phryma leptostachya L. lopseed
Physalis L. groundcherry
angulata L. cutleaf g.
comata Rydb. hillside g.
heterophylla Nees [including P. ambigua (Gray) Rydb.] clammy g.
ixocarpa Brotero tomatillo g.
lanceolata Michx. lanceleaf g.
lobata Torr. [Quincula l. (Torr.) Raf.] chineselantern
longifolia Nutt. spearleaf g.
macrophysa Rydb. bladder g.
missouriensis Mackenz. & Bush Missouri g.
pendula Rydb. purplevein g.
pruinosa L. hairy g.
pubescens L. downy g.
pumila Nutt. prairie g.
rotundata Rydb. roundleaf g.
subglabrata Mackenz. & Bush taperleaf g.
virginiana Mill. Virginia g.
Physostegia Benth. lionsheart
intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & Gray intermediate l.
virginiana (L.) Benth. Virginia l.
Phytolacca americana L. (P. decandra L.) common pokeberry
Picradeniopsis (see Bahia)
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray clearweed
Plantago L. plantain
aristata Michx. bottlebrush p.
lanceolata L. buckhorn p.[45]
purshii R. & S. woolly p.
pusilla Nutt. (P. elongata of manuals, not Pursh) slender p.
rhodosperma Dcne. redseed p.
rugelii Dcne. blackseed p.
spinulosa Dcne. brittlebract p.
virginica L. paleseed p.
Podophyllum peltatum L. common mayapple
Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. roughseed clammyweed
Polemonium reptans L. creeping polemonium
Polygala L. polygala
alba Nutt. white p.
incarnata L.
sanguinea L. (including P. viridescens L.) blood p.
verticillata L. whorled p.
Polygonum L. (see also Tovara) knotweed; smartweed
aviculare L. (including P. buxiforme Small) prostrate k.
coccineum Muhl. swamp s.
convolvulus L. climbing-buckwheat
erectum L. erect k.
hydropiper L. marshpepper s.
hydropiperoides Michx. swamp s.
lapathifolium L. (including P. tomentosum of manuals) curltop s.
longistylum Small longstyle s.
pensylvanicum L. (including P. omissum Greene) Pennsylvania s.
persicaria L. ladysthumb s.
persicarioides HBK. southwest s.
punctatum Ell. dotted s.
ramosissimum Michx. bushy k.
tenue Michx. slim k.
Polytaenia nuttalii DC. polytaenia
Portulaca L. portulaca; purslane
oleracea L. common purslane
parvula Gray slenderleaf purslane
Potentilla L. cinquefoil
arguta Pursh clammy c.
norvegica L. Norwegian c.
paradoxa Nutt. bushy c.
rivalis Nutt. brook c.
simplex Michx. (P. canadensis of manuals, not L.) oldfield c.
sulfurea Lam.
Prenanthes aspera Michx. rough rattlesnakeroot
Prionopsis ciliata (see Haplopappus ciliatus)
Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. (Martynia l. Mill.) common devilsclaw
Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (Bart.) Fern. common selfheal
Psilostrophe villosa Rydb. paperflower
Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Brit. mockbishopweed
Ptiloria (see Stephanomeria)
Pycnanthemum Michx. mountainmint
flexuosum (Walt.) BSP. slender m.
pilosum Nutt. woods m.
Pyrrhopappus DC. falsedandelion
carolinianus (Walt.) DC. Carolina f.
scaposus DC. (P. grandiflorus Nutt.) tuber f.
Quincula (see Physalis)
Ranunculus L. buttercup; crowfoot
abortivus L. littleleaf b.
acris L. tall b.
cymbalaria Pursh shore b.
fascicularis Muhl. tufted b.
flabellaris Raf. threadleaf b.
hispidus Michx. bristly b.
longirostris Godr. longbeak b.
sceleratus L. cursed c.
Raphanus L. radish
Ratibida Raf. prairieconeflower
columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. upright p.
pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. grayhead p.
tagetes (James) Barnh. shortray p.
Rheum L. rhubarb
Ricinus communis L. castorbean
Rorippa Scop. (see also Armoracia) yellowcress; marshcress
islandica (Oeder) Borbas [including R. hispida (DC.) Britt. & R. palustris (L.) Bess.] bog y.
sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. stalkless y.
sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc. spreading y.
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne var. interior Fern. & Grisc. rotala
Rudbeckia L. (see also Dracopis) coneflower
grandiflora (D. Don) Gmel. rough c.
hirta L. blackeyedsusan
laciniata L. cutleaf c.
subtomentosa Pursh sweet c.
triloba L. browneyedsusan
Ruellia L. ruellia
humilis Nutt. (R. ciliosa of manuals, in part;
R. caroliniensis of manuals, in part) fringeleaf r.
strepens L. limestone r.
Rumex L. dock; sorrel
acetosella L. red s.
altissimus Wood pale d.
crispus L. curled d.
hastatulus Baldw. heartwing s.
maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen (R. persicarioides of manuals, not L.) golden d.
obtusifolius L. bitter d.
patientia L. patience d.
venosus Pursh veiny d.
Sabatia[46] campestris Nutt. prairie rosegentian
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G. trailing pearlwort
Salsola kali L. (S. pestifer Nels.) russianthistle
Salvia L. sage
azurea Lam. var. grandiflora Benth. (S. pitcheri Torr.) pitcher s.
officinalis L. garden s.
reflexa Hornem. (including S. lanceolata Willd., & S. lanceafolia of authors, not Poir.) lanceleaf s.
Samolus parviflorus Raf. samolus
Sanguinaria canadensis L. bloodroot
Sanicula L. sanicle
canadensis L. Canada s.
gregaria Bickn. cluster s.
marilandica L. black s.
Saponaria L. soapwort
officinalis L. bouncingbet
vaccaria L. (Vaccaria vulgaris Host) cow s.
Scrophularia L. figwort
lanceolata Pursh lanceleaf f.
marilandica L. Maryland f.
Scutellaria L. skullcap
incana Biehler hoary s.
lateriflora L. sideflowering s.
ovata Hill eggleaf s.
parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett [S. australis (Fassett) Epling] southern-small s.
parvula Michx. var. leonardi (Epling) Fern. (S. leonardi Epling) leonard-small s.
parvula Michx. var. parvula small s.
resinosa Torr. resinous s.
Sedum L. stonecrop
Selenia aurea Nutt. golden selenia
Senecio L. groundsel
aureus L. golden g.
integerrimus Nutt. lambstongue g.
obovatus Muhl. roundleaf g.
plattensis Nutt. prairie g.
riddellii T. & G. riddell g.
tridenticulatus Rydb.
Sesamum indicum L. sesame
Sicyos angulatus L. burcucumber
Sida spinosa L. prickly sida
Sideranthus (see Haplopappus)
Silene L. silene
antirrhina L. sleepy s. (sleepy catchfly)
cucubalus Wibel [S. latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle, S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, & S. inflata Sm.] cowbell s.
noctiflora L. nightflowering s.
stellata (L.) Ait. f. starry s.
Silphium L. rosinweed
integrifolium Michx. (including S. speciosum Nutt.) wholeleaf r.
laciniatum L. compassplant
perfoliatum L. cup r.
Sisymbrium L. sisymbrium
altissimum L. tumblemustard
officinale (L.) Scop. hedgemustard
Solanum L. nightshade
carolinense L. horsenettle
elaeagnifolium Cav. silverleaf n.
nigrum L. black n.
rostratum Dunal buffalobur n.
torreyi Gray torrey n.
triflorum Nutt. cutleaf n.
tuberosum L. potato
Solidago L. goldenrod
altissima L. (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell) tall g.
angusta T. & G. (S. lindheimeriana Scheele)
canadensis L. Canada g.
gigantea Ait. (including S. serotina Ait.) November g.
graminifolia (L.) Salisb. [Euthamia g. (L.) Nutt.] grassleaf g.
gymnospermoides (Greene) Fern. (Euthamia g. Greene) sticky g.
missouriensis Nutt. (including S. glaberrima Martens & S. moritura Steele) Missouri g.
mollis Bartl. ashy g.
nemoralis Ait. dyersweed g.
petiolaris Ait. downy g.
pruinosa Greene (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell)
rigida L. stiff g.
sparsiflora Gray (S. trinervata Greene) threenerve g.
speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula T. & G. [S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter] showywand g.
speciosa Nutt. var. speciosa noble g.
ulmifolia Muhl. elmleaf g.
Sonchus L. sowthistle
arvensis L. perennial s.
asper (L.) Hill prickly s.
oleraceus L. common s.
Specularia Fabricius venuslookingglass
biflora (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey. small v.
leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray slimpod v.
perfoliata (L.) A. DC. clasping v.
Spermolepis Raf. spermolepis
divaricata (Walt) Britt. forked s.
inermis (Nutt.) Math. & Const. [S. patens (Nutt.) Robins.] spreading s.
Sphaeralcea St. Hil. globemallow
angusta (Gray) Fern.
angustifolia (Cav.) Don var. cuspidata Gray (S. cuspidata of manuals) narrowleaf g.
coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. scarlet g.
Stachys tenuifolia Willd. slenderleaf betony
Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt. desert princesplume
Steironema (included in Lysimachia)
Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo chickweed
Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt.) Britt. stenosiphon
Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. [Ptiloria p. (Torr.) Raf.] wirelettuce
Stillingia sylvatica L. var. salicifolia Torr. [S. salicifolia (Torr.) Raf.] stillingia
Striga lutea Lour. witchweed
Suaeda depressa (Pursh) S. Wats. [including S. erecta (Wats.) A. Nels.] pursh seepweed (seablite)
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude yellow taenidia
Talinum Adans. fameflower
calycinum Engelm. rockpink f.
parviflorum Nutt. prairie f.
Tanacetum vulgare L. common tansy
Taraxacum Zinn dandelion
laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (T. erythrospermum Andrz.) smooth d.
officinale Weber (T. vulgare Lam.) common d.
Teucrium L. germander
canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat. American g.
laciniatum Torr. cutleaf g.
occidentale Gray hairy g.
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. purple meadowrue
Thaspium Nutt. thaspium
barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. hairyjoint t.
trifoliatum (L.) Gray threeleaf t.
Thelesperma Less. greenthread
gracile (Torr.) Gray slender g.
trifidum (Poir.) Britt. threecleft g.
Thlaspi arvense L. pennycress
Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl. woolly tidestromia
Tithymalus (see Euphorbia)
Tomanthera (see Gerardia)
Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. (Polygonum v. L.) Virginia tovara
Townsendia sericea Hook. [T. exscapa (Rich.) Porter] stemless townsendia
Tragia urticifolia Michx. (T. nepetaefolia of manuals, not Cav., including T. ramosa of manuals, not Torr.) nettleleaf noseburn
Tragopogon L. salsify
dubius Scop. (T. major Jacq.) western s.
porrifolius L. vegetable-oyster s.
pratensis L. meadow s.
Tribulus terrestris L. puncturevine
Triosteum L. horsegentian
aurantiacum Bickn. orange h.
perfoliatum L. common h.
Urtica procera Muhl. tall nettle
Utricularia vulgaris L. common bladderwort
Vaccaria (see Saponaria)
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. cornsalad
Verbascum L. mullein
blattaria L. moth m.
thapsus L. flannel m.
Verbena L. verbena
bipinnatifida Nutt. Dakota v.
bracteata Lag. & Rodr. bigbract v.
canadensis (L.) Britt. rose v.
hastata L. blue v.
simplex Lehm. narrowleaf v.
stricta Vent. woolly v.
urticifolia L. white v.
Verbesina L. crownbeard
alternifolia (L.) Britt. [Actinomeris a. (L.) DC.] wingstem
encelioides (Cav.) B. & H. (Ximenesia e. Cav.) golden c.
virginica L. white c.
Vernonia Schreb. ironweed
baldwini Torr. var. baldwini baldwin i.
baldwini Torr. var. interior (Small) Schub. inland i.
crinita Raf. bur i.
marginata (Torr.) Raf. plains i.
Veronica L. speedwell
arvensis L. common s.
peregrina L. purslane s.
polita Fries (V. didyma Ten.) wayside s.
salina Schur. (V. connata of manuals) cupleaf s.
serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf s.
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. culversphysic
Viola L. violet
eriocarpa Schw. woolpod v.
kitaibeliana R. & S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern. (V. rafinesquii Greene) johnnyjumpup
missouriensis Greene Missouri v.
nuttallii Pursh nuttall v.
papilionacea Pursh butterfly v.
pedata L. birdsfoot v.
pedatifida G. Don prairie v.
sororia Willd. sister v.
Xanthium strumarium L. (including X. chinense Mill., X. globosum Shull, X. italicum Moretti, X. pensylvanicum Wallr., and X. speciosum Kearney) cocklebur
Ximenesia (see Verbesina)
Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. Rocky Mountain zinnia
Zizia aurea (L.) W. D. J. Koch golden zizia

FOOTNOTES:

[43] Asclepiodora is included in Asclepias in some manuals.

[44] From Gray: spelled syphilitica in some manuals.

[45] The word “plantain” may be omitted from the common name of this species, calling it simply “buckhorn.”

[46] From Gray: spelled Sabbatia in some manuals.

WOODY PLANTS

Acer L. maple
negundo L. boxelder
nigrum Michx. f. black m.
saccharinum L. silver m.
saccharum Marsh. sugar m.
Aesculus L. buckeye
glabra Willd. var. glabra Ohio b.
glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd. western b.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle treeofheaven
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. (A. canadensis sensu Wieg., not Medic.) serviceberry
Amorpha L. amorpha
canescens Pursh leadplant
fruticosa L. indigobush a.
nana Nutt. dwarfindigo a.
Ampelopsis cordata Michx. heartleaf falsegrape
Artemisia filifolia Torr. sand sagebrush
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw
Atriplew L. saltbush
argentea Nutt. silverscale s.
canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing s.
patula L. fat-hen s.
Baccharis L. baccharis
neglecta Britt. landbank b.
salicina T. & G. willow b.
wrightii Gray wright b.
Berberis L. barberry
thunbergii DC. Japanese b.
vulgaris L. European b.
Betula nigra L. river birch
Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. woollybucket bumelia
Campsis Lour. trumpetcreeper
grandiflora (Thunb.) Laisel Chinese t.
radicans (L.) Seem. common t.
Caragana arborescens Lam. Siberian peashrub
Carya Nutt. hickory
cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch bitternut h.
illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch [C. pecan (Marsh.) Engl. & Graebn.] pecan
laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud. shellbark h.
ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. red h.
ovalis var. obovalis (Marsh.) Sarg. pignut h.
ovata (Mill.) K. Koch shagbark h.
tomentosa Nutt. mockernut h.
villosa Ashe black h.
Catalpa Scop. catalpa
Ceanothus L. ceanothus
americanus L. jerseytea c.
ovatus Desf. inland c.
Celastrus scandens L. American bittersweet
Celtis L. hackberry
laevigata Willd. southern h.
occidentalis L. [C. occidentalis L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) Gray] common h.
reticulata Torr. (including C. rugulosa Rydb.) netleaf h.
tenuifolia Nutt. (C. pumila of most Amer. authors, not Pursh) small h.
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. common buttonbush
Cercis canadensis L. eastern redbud
Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene southwest rabbitbrush
Cornus L. dogwood
drummondi Meyer (C. asperifolia of authors, not Michx.) roughleaf d.
obliqua Raf. pale d.
Corylus L. filbert[47]
americana Walt. American f.
cornuta Marsh. beaked f.
Crataegus L. hawthorn
calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medic. pear h.
collina Chapm. sandhill h.
crus-galli L. cockspur h.
mollis (T. & G.) Scheele downy h.
succulenta Link fleshy h.
viridis L. green h.
Cytisus L. broom
Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. russianolive
Euonymus L. euonymus
americanus L. brook e.
atropurpureus Jacq. eastern wahoo
Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. winterfat
Fraxinus L. ash
americana L. white a.
pennsylvanica Marsh var. pennsylvanica red a.
pennsylvanica Marsh var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. [var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.] green a.
quadrangulata Michx. blue a.
Ginkgo biloba L. ginkgo
Gleditsia triacanthos L. common honeylocust
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis Rydb.) broom snakeweed
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch Kentucky coffeetree
Ilex decidua Walt. holly
Juglans L. walnut
cinerea L. butternut
nigra L. black w.
Juniperus virginiana L. redcedar; juniper
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. shrub lespedeza
Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.)
Butters (L. glaucescens Rydb.) honeysuckle
Lycium halimifolium Mill. matrimonyvine
Maclura pomifera (Rat) Schneid. osageorange
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. (Berberis a. Pursh, Odostemon a. of manuals) oregongrape
Malus (see Pyrus)
Morus L. mulberry
alba L. white m.
nigra L. black m.
rubra L. red m.
Odostemon (see Mahonia)
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch American hophornbeam
Parthenocissus Planch. creeper
quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia c.
vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. thicket c.
Platanus occidentalis L. sycamore
Populus L. cottonwood; poplar
alba L. white p.
deltoides Marsh. eastern c.
sargentii Dode plains c.
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals, including P. glandulosa Torr. & P. velutina Woot.) mesquite
Prunus L. plum; cherry
americana Marsh. var. americana American p.
americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudw. (P. lanata Mackenz. & Bush) inch p.
angustifolia Marsh. chickasaw p.
besseyi Bailey sand c.
gracilis Engelm. & Gray Oklahoma p.
hortulana Bailey hortulan p.
mexicana S. Wats. Mexican p.
munsoniana Wight & Hedr. wildgoose p.
serotina Ehrh. black c.
virginiana L. common chokecherry
Ptelea trifoliata L. common hoptree
Pyrus L. (including Malus Mill.) apple; crabapple
angustifolia Ait. southern c.
communis L. pear
coronaria L. wild sweet c.
ioensis (Wood) Bailey prairie c.
malus L. (Malus pumila Mill.) common a.
Quercus L. oak
alba L. white o.
imbricaria Michx. shingle o.
macrocarpa Michx. bur o.
marilandica Muenchh. blackjack o.
muchlenbergii Engelm. [Q. prinoides Willd. var. acuminata (Michx.) Gl.] chinquapin o.
palustris Muenchh. pin o.
prinoides Willd. dwarf chinquapin o.
rubra L. var. rubra (Q. borealis Michx. f. var. maxima Ashe) eastern red o.
rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. (Q. borealis Michx. f.) northern red o.
shumardii Buckl. var. shumardii shumard o.
shumardii Buckl. var. schneckii (Britt.) Sarg. schneck o.
stellata Wang. post o.
velutina Lam. black o.
X hillii Trel. (Q. bicolor Willd. X Q. macrocarpa Michx.) hills o.
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh lanceleaf buckthorn
Rhus L. sumac
aromatica Ait. (including R. trilobata Nutt.) aromatic s.
copallina L. flameleaf s.
glabra L. smooth s.
radicans L. (R. toxicodendron of manuals, in part, not L.)[48] poisonivy
Ribes L. gooseberry; currant
missouriense Nutt. Missouri g.
odoratum Wendland f. flowering c.
Robinia L. locust
pseudo-acacia L. black l.
viscosa Vent. clammy l.
Rosa L. rose
arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell (R. suffulta Greene) Arkansas r.
blanda Ait. meadow r.
carolina L. carolina r.
multiflora Thunb. multiflora r.
rubifolia R. Br. redleaf r.
setigera Michx. prairie r.
woodsii Lindl. woods r.
Rubus L. blackberry; dewberry; raspberry
flagellaris Willd. northern d.
laciniatus Willd. cutleaf b.
occidentalis L. blackcap r.
odoratus L. fragrant thimbleberry
ostryifolius Rydb. highbrush b.
Salix L. willow
amygdaloides Anderss. almondleaf w.
babylonica L. weeping w.
caroliniana Michx. (S. longipes Shuttlew., S. wardi Bebb) coastalplain w.
discolor Muhl. pussy w.
eriocephala Michx. (S. missouriensis Bebb) diamond w.
exigua Nutt. coyote w.
fragilis L. brittle w.
humilis Marsh. var. microphylla, (Anderss.) Fern. (S. tristis Ait.) dwarf pussy w.
humilis Marsh. var. humilis, & var. hyporhysa Fern. [These two include var.] rigidiuscula (Anderss.) Robins. & Fern. prairie w.
interior Rowlee sandbar w.
nigra Marsh. black w.
rigida Muhl. (S. cordata Muhl., not Michx.) heartleaf w.
Sambucus canadensis L. American elderberry
Sapindas drummondi H. & A. western soapberry
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. greasewood
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees common sassafras
Sorbus aucuparia L. European mountainash
Staphylea trifolia L. American bladdernut
Symphoricarpos Duham. snowberry
occidentalis Hook. western s.
orbiculatus Moench buckbrush
Syringa vulgaris L. common lilac
Tamarix L. tamarisk
Tilia L. linden; basswood[49]
americana L. (including T. palmeri Bush ex. F. C. Gates) American l.
europaea L. European l.
platyphyllos Scop. bigleaf l.
Ulmus L. elm
alata Michx. winged e.
americana L. American e.
carpinifolia Gleditsch. smoothleaf e.
parvifolia Jacq. Chinese e.
procera Salisb. English e.
pumila L. Siberian e.
rubra Muhl. (U. fulva Michx.) slippery e.
thomasi Sarg. rock e.
Viburnum L. viburnum
prunifolium L. blackhaw v.
rufidulum Raf. rusty blackhaw v.
Vitis L. wild grape
Wisteria macrostachya Nutt. wisteria
Xanthoxylum americanum Mill. common pricklyash
Yucca glauca Nutt. small soapweed

FOOTNOTES:

[47] Hazel in many texts.

[48] R. radicans is an extremely variable species.

[49] Basswood, a lumber trade name.

LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

acaulis stemless
acicularis needle-like
acuminatus long-pointed, tapering
aestivalis summer
affinis related to
agrostoides similar to agrostis
airoides sky-blue
alatus winged
alba white
albidus, albus white
alopecuroides foxtail
alternifolius alternate-leaved
altissimus very tall
amabilis lovely
amplexicaulis clasping the stem
anceps two-headed or edged
angustifolius narrow-leaved
apiculatus tipped with a point
annua yearly
arachnifera spiderwebby
arborescens tree-like
arenarius of sandy places
arenicola sand inhabitant
argenteus silvery
argillaceus of clay or clay-colored
argutus sharp-toothed
arida dry
aridus arid
aristatus bearded
arundinacea reed-bearing
arundinaceous reed-like
arvensis of cultivated fields
asper rough
asperifolia rough leaves
atropurpureus dark-purple
atrovirens dark-green
aureus golden
australis southern
azureus sky-blue
baccatus berried
barbatus barbed, bearded
barbinodis barbed at nodes
barbulatum bearded
basirmea branches low; toward bottom
bicolor two-colored
bidentata two-toothed
bifidum two-forked
bifidus twice-cut
biflorus two-flowered
borealis northern
brachystachy short-spiked
bulbifera bulb-bearing
caeruleus sky-blue, dark-blue
campanularia bell-flowered
campestris of the fields or plains
candidus white, shining
canescens gray-hairy
capillaris hair-like
capitatus headed
carinatus keeled
catharticus cathartic
caudatus tailed
cernuus drooping
chloranthus green-flowered
ciliatifolium hairy leaves
cilianensis hairy
ciliaris, ciliatus fringed
cinereus ash-colored
circulare round
clandestinus concealed
coccineus scarled
colonum cultivated
comatus with hair
communis gregarious
commutatus changing
comosus long-haired
compressa compressed
compressus compressed
confertus crowded
confusus confused, uncertain
contortus contorted
contracta narrowed
cordatus heart-shaped
corniculatus horned
crassifolius thick-leaved
cristatus crested
crus-galli cockspur
cryptandrus hidden stamens
cucullata hooded pedicel
cuneatus wedge-shaped
curtipedicellata short pedicel
curtipendula short pendula
cuspidata sharp, pointed
dactyloides finger-shaped
dactylon finger
debilis weak
decumbens reclining
deflexus bent downward
deltoides triangular
depauperatum stunted
dichotoma forked in pairs
dichotomiflorum flowering in twos
diffusa loosely branching
dilatatum dilated, expanded
discolor different colors
distichum 2-rank; leaves or flowers in rank on opposites sides of stem
divaricata spreading, widely divergent
donax reed or cane
dubia doubtful
dulcis sweet
dumosus bushy
echinatus prickly
edulis edible
elatior taller
elatus tall
elongata lengthened
erectum upright
eriopoda having hairs at base
esculentus edible
everta expelled, turned out
extensa spread out or stretched out
falcatus sickle-shaped
fasciculatus fascicled
filiformis long, very slender, thread-like
fistulosis hollow, cylindrical
flabellatus fan-like parts
flavescens yellowish
flavus yellow
flexilis pliant
flexuosa alternately bent in different directions
floridanum flowering or from Florida
fragilis brittle, fragile
fragrans fragrant, odorous
frondosus leafy
frutescens shrubby, bushy
furcatus forked
geminatum double
geniculata bent more or less like a knee
geniculatus jointed
glaber smooth
glabriflorus smooth flower
glomerata dense or compact cluster or clusters
gracilis slender
gramineus grassy
hastatus spear-shaped
heterolepsis heterogeneous scales
heterophyllus various-leaved; with leaves of more than one shape
hiomalis pertaining to winter
hians spread out
hirsuta bristly or prickly
hirta hairy
hispidus bristly
hortensis of or belonging to a garden
humilis dwarf
hyemalis of winter
hystrix bristly
incanus hoary
indentata toothed, indented
indurata hardened
inermis unarmed
intermedium intermediate
interruptis not continuous, irregular
jubatum crested, with a mane
junceus rush-like
labiatus lipped
laeve left hand
laevigatus smooth
laevis smooth
lanatus wooly
lanosa wooly
lanuginosum wooly, downy
lanuginosus wooly
lasiocarpus rough- or wooly-fruited
latifolia broad leaf
latiglumis wide glumes
laxa loose
leucanthus white-flowered
leucotricha white hairs
linearifolum long, slender leaves
longispica long-spiked
longpipes long-footed
lutescens yellowish or becoming yellow
macranthus large-flowered
macrocarpus large fruits
macrophyllus large-leaved
macrus large
maculatus spotted
malacophyllum soft leaves
maritimus of the sea
micranthus small-flowered
microcarpon small-fruited
miliaceum pertaining to millet
mirabilis wonderful
mollis soft
monspeliensis lives in caves and mountains
montanus of mountains
multiflorum many-flowered
muralis of walls
murinum mouse-colored
mutabile changeable
mutabilis variable
mutica curtailed
nanus dwarf
natans floating
neglectus overlooked
nemoralis of groves or woods
nitens shining
nudicaulis naked-stemmed
nutans nodding
obtusata blunt, rounded
obtusum blunted, dull
occidentale western
octoflora 8-flowered
officinalis official
olignathus few-flowered
orientalis eastern
ornatus adorned
ovinus of sheep
palustris marsh-loving
paniculatus in panicles
parviflora small-flowered
parvifolius small-leaved
patens spreading
patula spreading
pauciflorus few-flowered
pectinatus comb-like
perennans perennial
phleoides resembling timothy
pilifera bearing hairs
pilosa with long hairs
polyanthes many-flowered
polyanthus many-flowered
pracocius aggressive
pratense of meadows
pubens downy
pubescens downy, covered with soft hairs
pubiflorum downy-flowered
pulchellus pretty, beautiful
pumila dwarf
pumilus dwarf
purpurascens purplish
purpurea purple
pusillum very small
ramosissima many-branched
ramosus branched
repens creeping
reptans creeping
retroflexus reflaxed
regodoseta stiff bristles
robustus robust, stout
rupestris rock-loving
rostratus rostrate, beaked
rugosa wrinkled
saccharinus saccharine
saccaroides sweet; like sugar
salinus salty
sanguilalis blood-colored
sanguineus blood-red
sativa cultivated
sativus cultivated
scandens climbing
sciurea resembling squirrel’s tail
scoparius broom-like
secundiflora one-sided
septentrionalis northern
sericea silken
serotinus late-flowering
sessilispicata without pedicel
setaceus bristle-like
sobolifera bearing creeping, rooting stems or shoots
speciosus showy, good-looking
spectabilis spectacular, worth seeing
sphaerocarpon round-fruited
squarrosa with parts spreading or recurved at ends
sterilis sterile, infertile
stramineum straw-colored
strictus strict, upright, erect
tectorum of roofs, or houses
temulentum drunken
tenarum slender, tender, soft
tenarius slender
tener slender
tenuiflora slender flowers
tenuis slender, thin
tinctorius of dyes
tomentosus densely wooly
trichodes pilose
tridens with 3 teeth
trifidus three-parted
trunicata blunt
uncinatus hooked
vaginaeflorus flowers in sheath
vaginatus sheathed
vernalis vernal
vernis of spring
versuta versatile
verticellata in whorls
villosa hairy
villosissimum hairy
villosus hairy
virens green
viridis green
virgatus twiggy
vulgaris common

Transcriber’s Note:

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and were moved to the end of the section in which the anchor occurs. Footnotes [9], [11], [18], [19], [22], and [32] have multiple anchors. Obvious printing errors, such as backwards, upside down, or partially printed letters and punctuation, were corrected. Letters in reversed order and several italics mark-ups were corrected. Final stops missing at the end of abbreviations were added.

Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated below. Obsolete and alternative spellings were left unchanged. Misspelled words were not corrected. In the lists of common names, names are often run together, as in climbingmilkweed and rattlesnakefern; these were not changed.

The following was changed: “small-loaved” to [“small-leaved.”]