Transcriber’s Note:

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

REAR-ADMIRAL JOHN McGOWAN, U.S.N. (Retired).
PRESIDENT-GENERAL OF THE SOCIETY, 1906–1907.

THE JOURNAL
OF THE
AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

BY

THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY,

Secretary-General.

VOLUME VII.

BOSTON, MASS.,

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,

1907.

BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION.

I take great pleasure in here presenting Volume VII of the Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society. It is hoped the book will be found equal, in point of general interest, to those preceding it and helpful to the organization to whose labors and progress it is devoted. The Society continues in a prosperous condition, has no indebtedness, and is steadily adding new members to its roll. The historical papers contained in this work will be recognized as of more than usual value, while the historical notes and other material will, we are confident, be likewise fully appreciated.

Sincerely,

T. H. Murray,

Secretary-General.

Boston, Mass., December 31, 1907.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, A. D. 1907.

President-General,

Rear-Admiral John McGowan, U. S. N. (retired),

Washington, D. C.

Vice-President-General,

Hon. Franklin M. Danaher,

Albany, N. Y.

Secretary-General,

Thomas Hamilton Murray,

Seaview, Plymouth County, Mass.

Treasurer-General,

Michael F. Dooley,

Providence, R. I.

Librarian and Archivist,

Thomas B. Lawler,

New York City.

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL,

The foregoing and

• Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York City.
• Hon. William McAdoo, New York City.
• Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, Mass.
• Patrick F. Magrath, Binghamton, N. Y.
• Rev. John J. McCoy, LL. D., Worcester, Mass.
• Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D., LL. D., New York City.
• Edward J. McGuire, New York City.
• John F. O’Connell, Providence, R. I.
• James L. O’Neill, Elizabeth, N. J.
• Stephen Farrelly, New York City.
• Cyrus Townsend Brady, LL. D., Toledo, O.
• Hon. Thomas J. Lynch, Augusta, Me.
• Gen. Phelps Montgomery, New Haven, Conn.
• Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Providence, R. I.
• Hon. Patrick Garvan, Hartford, Conn.
• Major John Crane, New York City.
• Col. John McManus, Providence, R. I.
• Hon. William Gorman, Philadelphia, Pa.
• Col. C. C. Sanders, Gainesville, Ga.
• John F. Doyle, New York City.

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

• Maine—James Cunningham, Portland.
• New Hampshire—Hon. James F. Brennan, Peterborough.
• Vermont—John D. Hanrahan, M. D., Rutland.
• Massachusetts—M. J. Jordan, Boston.
• Rhode Island—Thomas A. O’Gorman, Providence.
• Connecticut—Dennis H. Tierney, Waterbury.
• New York—Joseph I. C. Clarke, New York City.
• New Jersey—John F. Kehoe, Newark.
• Pennsylvania—Hugh McCaffrey, Philadelphia.
• Delaware—John J. Cassidy, Wilmington.
• Virginia—James W. McCarrick, Norfolk.
• West Virginia—John F. Healy, Thomas, Tucker County.
• South Carolina—W. J. O’Hagan, Charleston.
• Georgia—Capt. John Flannery, Savannah.
• Ohio—John Lavelle, Cleveland.
• Illinois—Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago.
• Indiana—Very Rev. Andrew Morrissey, C. S. C., Notre Dame.
• Iowa—Rt. Rev. Philip J. Garrigan, D. D., Sioux City.
• Montana—Rt. Rev. M. C. Lenihan, D. D., Great Falls.
• Minnesota—Hon. C. D. O’Brien, St. Paul.
• Kentucky—John J. Slattery, Louisville.
• Kansas—Patrick H. Coney, Topeka.
• Utah—Joseph Geoghegan, Salt Lake City.
• Texas—Gen. A. G. Malloy, El Paso.
• California—James Connolly, Coronado.

OTHER VICE-PRESIDENTS.

• District of Columbia—Hon. Edward A. Moseley, Washington.
• Oklahoma—Joseph F. Swords, Sulphur.
• Canada—Hon. Felix Carbray, Quebec.
• Ireland—Dr. Michael F. Cox, Dublin.

MR. P. F. MAGRATH.
Binghamton, N. Y.
A MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL AND A LIFE MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.

THE ANNUAL MEETING AND DINNER, A. D. 1907.

The annual meeting and dinner of the Society took place in Boston, Mass., on Thursday evening, January 24, 1907. The following is a copy of the notice issued for the event:

American-Irish Historical Society.

NOTICE OF THE ANNUAL MEETING AND DINNER.

Dear Sir: The annual meeting and dinner of the American-Irish Historical Society will take place at the Hotel Brunswick, Boylston Street, Boston, Mass., on Thursday evening, January 24, 1907.

A committee will be on duty at the hotel all day to receive members and guests, especially those coming from other cities and states, and render them such assistance as may be desired. A general reception will take place in the evening from 5 to 6 o’clock, upon the conclusion of which the annual meeting of the Society will be held. The annual dinner will be at 7.30 p. m.

This will be the tenth anniversary of the Society, and it is eminently appropriate that its celebration should take place in Boston, the city where the organization was founded. These annual gatherings of the Society are always of very great interest, bring together a distinguished company, and are long remembered by those participating. The forthcoming event will be no exception to the rule.

Tickets to the dinner are now ready at $3.50 each. They can be obtained by addressing Mr. M. J. Jordan, 42 Court Street, Boston, Mass. Make checks payable to the American-Irish Historical Society and forward to Mr. Jordan at the address given.

Members are at liberty to invite personal guests. The evening reception committee will include the following Boston members of the Society: Capt. D. J. Gorman, Bernard J. Joyce, Michael H. Cox, Patrick M. Keating, J. W. Fogarty, P. A. O’Connell, Charles V. Dasey, T. B. Fitzpatrick, P. H. Powers, John E. Gilman, Hon. Joseph H. O’Neil, W. B. Sullivan, F. L. Dunne, P. B. Magrane and James W. Kenney.

We hope that all who possibly can will be with us on this occasion, as it is desired to make it a red-letter event in the history of the Society.

Fraternally,

John McGowan,

President-General,

Washington, D. C.

T. H. Murray,

Secretary-General,

48 Carlton Road,

Seaview, Mass.

January 1, 1907.

The event was a very successful one and was participated in by a large gathering. Owing to the unavoidable absence of Admiral McGowan, the president-general of the Society, the business session was presided over by Mr. M. F. Dooley of Providence, R. I., treasurer-general of the organization.

Mr. T. H. Murray, secretary-general of the Society, was present, but owing to illness was assisted in his duties by Mr. P. F. Magrath of Binghamton, N. Y.

The reading of the minutes of the preceding annual meeting was omitted.

The annual report of the secretary-general was presented, accepted and adopted, as was that of the treasurer-general. Both reports showed the Society to be in an excellent condition.

Several new members were admitted to the organization.

The annual election of officers then took place, the result being as given on pages [5] and [6] of this volume. The business session was then dissolved, and after an interval the company proceeded to the annual dinner.

Mr. Thomas B. Fitzpatrick of Boston, the well-known merchant, presided. On his right and left were seated the Hon. John Hannan, mayor of Ogdensburg, N. Y.; the Hon. Charles E. Gorman, Providence, R. I.; the Hon. Joseph H. O’Neil, president of the Federal Trust Co., Boston; Mr. M. F. Dooley, of the Union Trust Co., Providence, R. I.; the Hon. Joseph F. O’Connell, congressman-elect, Boston; Mr. D. H. Tierney, Waterbury, Conn., and the Hon. Daniel O’Connor, Australia. The following letter was received from President-General McGowan:

1739 N. Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

January 16, 1907.

Dear Mr. Murray:

I regret exceedingly that I will not be able to attend the annual meeting and dinner on January 24th. My cold does not improve, and unless there is a change very soon, I will have to start for a milder climate.

It is a great disappointment to me not to be with you on that day and I beg you will express to all the members of the Society my regret at my enforced absence and the hope that next year I may be more fortunate.

My attack of “grippe,” which started the middle of last month, has left me with a most provoking cough, and I do not get my strength back. With kind regards, believe me,

Sincerely yours,

John McGowan.

Music was furnished during the banquet by a fine orchestra. Following was the dinner:

MENU.

Cape Oysters

Bisque of Lobster Aux Souffles

Consomme Printaniere

Paupiette Halibut Au Vin Blanc

Potato Croquettes

Filet of Beef, Fresh Mushrooms

Delmonico Potatoes Stringless Beans

Sweetbread Cutlets with Peas

Punch a la Romaine

Roast Red Head Duck

Chiffonade Salad

Fancy Assorted Cake

Neapolitan Ice Cream

Fruit Cheese

Small Coffee

In addition to those already mentioned as present at the dinner, after the business meeting, there were the Hon. Patrick T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.; the Hon. Thomas Z. Lee, Providence, R. I.; Mr. John Morgan, New York City; the Rev. Father Lyons, Boston, Mass.; Mr. R. J. Donahue, Ogdensburg, N. Y.; Mr. Edmund Reardon, Cambridge, Mass.; Col. James Moran, Providence, R. I.; Dr. M. F. Sullivan, Lawrence, Mass.; Mr. Bernard J. Joyce, Boston, Mass.; Mr. T. H. Murray, secretary-general of the Society; Mr. John D. Rohan, New York City; Mr. John T. F. MacDonnell, Holyoke, Mass.; Mr. P. F. Magrath, Binghamton, N. Y.; Mr. M. J. Jordan, Boston, Mass.; Mr. M. H. Cox, Boston, Mass.; Mr. William J. Kelly, Portsmouth, N. H.; Mr. P. A. O’Connell, Boston, Mass.; Mr. Bernard McCaughey, Pawtucket, R. I.; Mr. W. F. Kenny, Boston, Mass.; Mr. D. P. Downing, Cambridge, Mass.; Mr. James H. Devlin, Boston, Mass.; Mr. John J. Sullivan, Boston, Mass.; Capt. D. J. Gorman, Boston, Mass.; Mr. A. B. Sutherland (guest of Dr. M. F. Sullivan), Lawrence, Mass., and other gentlemen.

The after-dinner speeches were along the Society’s line of work and were of a most interesting nature. In his opening remarks, Mr. Fitzpatrick told of the early efforts of the Irish in Boston, and how their labors were an inspiration to the men and women of today.

The Hon. Charles E. Gorman of Providence, R. I., followed the toastmaster with a story on the bravery and chivalry of the Irish race. The early conditions in New England, and Rhode Island in particular, were outlined, after which he spoke on the struggles of the Irish to get a footing and show their spirit. He paid a stirring tribute to the work accomplished by the Celts and the Teutons and how their spirit of liberty managed to overcome difficulties.

The Hon. P. T. Barry of Chicago was well received when he arose to speak on the part the Irish took in the development of Chicago, the West and the great Northwest. His historical data was particularly interesting from the time of Chevalier McCarthy’s advent to the present. Congressman-elect Joseph F. O’Connell of Boston spoke on “The Part Played by the Irish in the Early History of Our Country.”

Mr. A. B. Sutherland of Lawrence, Mass., who is of Scottish blood, delivered an interesting speech, in which he told of what Irish civilization had done for Scotland and all northern Europe, and particularly of the spirit of liberty given to the Scotch by Irish example.

Rev. John J. Lyons illustrated how the Irish had done magnificent work in the interest of the church, and he made an earnest appeal for friendship on all sides and good will to mankind in general.

The Hon. Daniel O’Connor of Australia electrified the gathering with his witty remarks, and his narrative of the Irish influence in British literature and jurisprudence was unusually interesting.

Mr. D. H. Tierney of Waterbury, Conn., spoke for a few minutes on the Irish in Rochambeau’s army, after which the Hon. Joseph H. O’Neil and Michael J. Jordan, both of Boston, addressed the gathering briefly.

Before the meeting adjourned the Society paid a tribute to President Roosevelt, who is an active member of the organization. The tribute took the form of the following preamble and resolution:

Preamble and Resolution of Thanks and Appreciation From the American-Irish Historical Society.

At the annual meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society, held in Boston, Mass., on the evening of January 24, 1907, the following minute was unanimously adopted:

Whereas, The American-Irish Historical Society has learned of the excellent work of our distinguished fellow-member, the Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, as embodied in his article on “The Ancient Irish Sagas,” recently published, and believing that some appropriate action should be taken to show our appreciation of the study and research exhibited in the able contribution mentioned, it is

Resolved, therefore, that in the opinion of this Society a splendid example is set by President Roosevelt in finding the time and opportunity, in the midst of his many duties and responsibilities, to devote attention to a subject dear to us. We heartily congratulate him upon the results he has so ably exemplified and set forth as the outcome of his researches into early Irish history.[^[1]]

[1]. A copy of the foregoing preamble and resolution was forwarded to President Roosevelt and the Society received a cordial reply.

Extracts from Letters Received.

The following are extracts from letters of regret:

From Mr. John J. Rooney, New York City: “My Dear Mr. Murray: I am exceedingly sorry I cannot be present at the American-Irish Historical Society dinner tomorrow night. I have a heavy case in court and cannot get away. Kindly express my regrets to all. Sincerely, John J. Rooney.”

From the Hon. Felix Carbray, M. R. I. A., Quebec, Canada: “I duly received the notice for the annual meeting and dinner. I deeply regret that distance and heavy business cares will make it unable for me to be present. I hope you will have a large gathering and a successful celebration.”

From the Hon. Patrick J. McCarthy, mayor of Providence, R. I.: “Dear Sir: Your letter in regard to the dinner of the American-Irish Historical Society received, and I regret to state that owing to previous engagements in Providence it will be impossible for me to attend. Wishing you a successful meeting, I remain, respectfully yours, Patrick J. McCarthy.”

From the Hon. Patrick J. Ryan, mayor of Elizabeth, N. J.: “Many thanks for your circular letter announcing that the American-Irish Historical Society is to have a reception and dinner in Boston on Thursday, January 24, next. I appreciate the notice I assure you, and regret to say that I will not be able to attend owing to a press of other matters here. I hope and trust the meeting will be a success in every way.”

From the Hon. Franklin M. Danaher, Albany, N. Y.: “Dear Mr. Murray: I have your notice of the annual meeting and dinner of the American-Irish Historical Society in Boston on Thursday, January 24, 1907. I have always been able to attend the annual meetings of the Society because they happened in New York coincident with my presence there on official business. Whether I can be in Boston on January 24th is somewhat problematical, but I will do so if I can. Do you expect President-General McGowan?”

From Mr. Edward J. McGuire, New York City: “My Dear Mr. Murray: It seems ungracious not to attend the Historical Society’s dinner at Boston on Thursday evening, you Yankees have been so generous and loyal in coming to New York, but for me it is absolutely impossible to be present. I am engaged in a number of most important and engrossing professional matters, and I have in addition but recently returned from a week’s absence in the South. I am sure you will make my excuses. I hope that you are entirely recovered from your illness and that everything prospers with you and the Society. With kindest regards, Very truly yours, Edward J. McGuire.”

From the Rt. Rev. Mgr. Dennis J. O’Connell, M. A., S. T. D., rector of the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.: “Mr. T. H. Murray, Secretary-General, Sea View, Mass. My Dear Sir: I desire to thank you very cordially for the notice you sent me regarding the annual dinner, and to say at the same time with sincere regret that I am afraid I cannot assist, for the following day, January the 25th, is the feast of our Faculty of Theology at which I must be present. Wishing all a pleasant time, I remain, Very sincerely yours, D. J. O’Connell.”

From the Hon. Edward A. Moseley, Washington, D. C.: “I regret very much that it is impossible for me to attend the annual meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society. I really wish that the Society would have its next meeting in Washington; I believe it would be a good plan from every point of view. I had fully intended to get to the coming meeting on the 24th, but I went to Boston over the holidays, and the result is that I have as bad a cold as I ever had in my life, and I am afraid to leave Washington. Do have the next annual meeting in Washington, and I will contribute in every way to make it a success, and will devote myself to the work. With all cordial regards, sincerely yours, E. A. Moseley.”

HISTORICAL NOTES AND PAPERS.

IRISH ABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES.[^[2]]

BY JAMES JEFFREY ROCHE, LL. D., BOSTON, MASS.

[2]. This paper appeared originally in the Boston Pilot.

The Irish race, both here and in the old world, has suffered so much in the way of misrepresentation at the hands of English and pro-English writers, its merits have been so minimized and its defects so magnified, that it is almost a hopeless task to attempt the refutation of even a tithe of the falsehoods.

It is only when a writer offers an easily accessible authority for his statements that the general reader can take the time and trouble, if so disposed, to investigate the reference and verify the accuracy or honesty of the author who professes to have quoted truly.

Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge has written, and the Century Magazine has published an article on “The Distribution of Ability in the United States,” in which he exalts the English race at the expense of some others, and depreciates the Irish race, with or without malice prepense, in a manner which is, to say the least, remarkable.

Mr. Lodge deals in some general statements easily susceptible of disproof, as when he says that “there was virtually no Irish immigration during the colonial period, and indeed none of consequence until the present century was well advanced.”

He offers no authority for this absurd statement; so it may be assumed that he ignorantly believes it true. Perhaps he also honestly believes in the race called “Scotch-Irish,” whom he defines as “descendants of the Scotch and English who settled in the North of Ireland.” Let these things pass. We are concerned only with the accuracy and honesty of Mr. Lodge’s quotations when he refers to a specific authority for facts and figures and professes to be governed by that authority.

In order to classify the distribution of “ability,” Mr. Lodge says that he “took Appleton’s Encyclopedia of American Biography in six volumes, one of the largest and most recent works upon the subject, and classified the persons mentioned therein who were citizens of the United States according to occupation, birthplace and race extraction.”

Mr. Lodge says that he found the work large and laborious. We can confirm that statement; for we also have taken the six volumes of Appleton’s and have gone conscientiously through the 14,000 and odd names therein recorded, to see if that otherwise valuable publication had really given the Irish race such an astonishingly poor record as Mr. Lodge’s tables show. We find that it has not. We find that Mr. Lodge and his authority differ so astoundingly, on almost every point, that his deductions are absolutely worthless because his statements are so utterly untrue.

In the matter of quantity, Appleton’s gives to the Irish race a list nearly one hundred per cent greater than Mr. Lodge professes to have found in its pages. On the score of quality, taking Mr. Lodge’s own test of merit, Appleton’s gives about 300 per cent more to the race than Mr. Lodge accords it.

Mr. Lodge classifies race by the paternal side alone, which is probably fair enough for practical purposes, and says:

“In a large number of cases, especially where the extraction is not English, the race stock is given in the dictionary. In a still larger number of instances the name and the place of birth furnish unmistakable evidence as to race. That error should be avoided in this classification is not to be expected, but I am perfectly satisfied that the race distribution is in the main correct. Such errors as exist tend, I think, here as elsewhere in these statistics, to balance one another, and the net result is, I believe, so substantially accurate as to have very real value, and to throw a great deal of light on what we owe in the way of ability to each of the various races who settled the United States.”

He counts as original settlers all who came to this country before the date of the adoption of the Constitution, A. D. 1789; those who came after that date are classified as “immigrants.” Taking the Encyclopedia as his authority, he examines the birth or race extraction of 14,243 persons therein named as having achieved sufficient distinction to deserve mention. As a result he finds that over 10,000 of the number should be credited to the “English” race.

It is not worth while to inquire into the accuracy of that estimate, since Mr. Lodge’s treatment of another race sufficiently disproves his claims to accuracy on any score.

In Tables “D” and “H,” covering respectively the original settlers and the immigrants, he gives the number of men of the Irish race who have achieved the distinction of a place in Appleton’s. Nowhere, apparently, is any allowance made either for the distinguished descendants of the original Irish settlers, distinguished or obscure themselves, nor for the distinguished children of undistinguished immigrants since 1789.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton is, we suppose, credited to the Irish of pre-Constitution days, and Thomas Addis Emmet to the “immigrant” class, but where does Mr. Lodge place the distinguished descendants of both? Where does he place the distinguished sons of obscure fathers, such men as Andrew Jackson and Robert Fulton? Certainly not among the race to which, according to Appleton, they belong, for they have no recognition in his “double star” table, to be described hereafter. Do they go to swell the ranks of the 10,000 English or those of the mixed and mythical “Scotch-Irish”?

What does he do with Philip Sheridan, who being neither an “immigrant” nor descended from pre-Constitution ancestors, is in a worse case than his namesake, Philip Nolan, being a “man without a race?” We cannot believe that Mr. Lodge ever intended committing such a palpable absurdity, because if carried to its logical conclusion, it would apply equally to distinguished men of all races. Mr. Lodge himself, for all that Appleton’s tells us to the contrary, never had a pre-Constitution ancestor, and has, therefore, no right to class himself among the 10,000 “English,” as he presumably does.

Mr. Lodge has a delightfully simple method of determining the relative values of great men. It is by noting how much of pictorial glory is awarded to each in the Encyclopedia. Persons whose biographical sketches are not illustrated with a portrait are not counted in at all.

Those who have a vignette portrait are classified as “single stars.” The truly great, who have full-page portraits, are called “double stars”—of these there are 58 among the whole 14,243.

Mr. Lodge confesses that encyclopediac fame is hardly just in giving double star honors to William Gilmore Simms and shutting out Hawthorne, Poe and Lowell, but Fame is notoriously capricious of her favors; which is why, perhaps, such authors as John Hay, T. W. Parsons, Theodore Roosevelt and many others are sent pictureless to posterity, while Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth and Mrs. Ann S. Stephens are immortalized in becoming wood-cuts. Mr. Lodge himself shines as a “single-star,” as does also Mr. E. P. Roe.

But even in his stellar classification Mr. Lodge makes a singular mistake, again on the wrong side of the Irish account. His “totals by race extraction” allow only one double star to “Irish.” Yet his cyclopedic authority has full-page steel engravings of the following six, all credited to the Irish race, without any hint of a mythical Scotch mixture: Chester A. Arthur, son of Rev. William Arthur of Antrim; John C. Calhoun, son of Patrick and grandson of James of Donegal; Robert Fulton, son of a Kilkenny man; Andrew Jackson, son of Andrew of Carrickfergus; James K. Polk, descendant of Irish Polk or “Pollock”; Philip H. Sheridan, race not mentioned but pretty well known.

Mr. Lodge is equally reckless of fact when he attempts to count the “single stars” of the Irish race. He finds only thirteen of these among the early settler class and eleven among the “immigrants”—twenty-four in all. Here are the names of sixty-five, given by Appleton’s, and not including such men of the Irish race as Lawrence Barrett, Lawrence and Philip Kearny, J. A. MacGahan, Commodore Macdonough and others, whose race is not specified in the cyclopedia:

• Francis Barber
• John Barry
• Jas. G. Birney
• Johnston Blakeley
• Wm. O. Butler
• Henry C. Carey
• Charles Carroll of Carrollton
• John Carroll
• Thomas Conway
• Michael Corcoran
• Michael A. Corrigan
• David Crockett
• Andrew G. Curtin
• Charles P. Daly
• Thomas Addis Emmet
• James Gibbons
• Edward Hand
• Jas. Hillhouse
• John H. Hopkins
• John Hughes
• John Ireland
• Thomas Jones
• F. P. Kenrick
• John B. Kerfoot
• John A. Logan
• John J. Lynch
• John McCloskey
• Edward McGlynn
• Jas. McHenry
• Thomas McKean
• Alex. Macomb
• George G. Meade
• Richard Montgomery
• Alfred Moore
• John Nixon
• Fitz-James O’Brien
• Michael O’Connor
• Charles O’Conor
• P. H. O’Rorke
• Robert Patterson
• Leonidas Polk
• Andrew Porter
• Tyrone Power
• Wm. C. Preston
• Wm. D. Preston
• John Roach
• Stephen C. Rowan
• John Rutledge
• Patrick J. Ryan
• Jas. Shields
• Jas. Smith
• Samuel S. Smith
• Charles F. Smith
• Charles Stewart
• John Sullivan
• Jas. Sullivan
• George Taylor
• Hugh N. Thompson
• Launt Thompson
• Richard V. Whelan
• George W. Whistler
• J. A. MacN. Whistler
• Wm. P. Whyte
• Richard H. Wilde
• Henry Wilson

Following is Mr. Lodge’s tabulated misrepresentation of Irish ability according to his Tables “D” and “H,” but not according to the facts as given by Appleton’s:

Under the first head, “Statesmen,” Mr. Lodge “includes not only persons who have held public office, but all who as reformers, agitators, or in any other capacity have distinguished themselves in public affairs.” He allows nine statesmen to the Irish in his first list. His authority, Appleton’s Encyclopedia, is more liberal, giving them no less than thirty, including seven signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Not to answer assertion with mere counter-assertion, we have compiled the following list, from Appleton’s, including only such names as are specifically stated to belong to the Irish race, omitting all that are claimed as “Scotch-Irish,” and not even counting men of known Irish origin who are not so described in the cyclopedia.

In so doing we purposely leave out scores of Kellys, Butlers, Moores, Barrys, Boyles, etc. We do not wish to claim anything beyond the strict letter of Mr. Lodge’s authority, Appleton’s Encyclopedia. For every name in the following lists given by Appleton’s as Irish, but possibly of remoter Scotch or English origin, there will be found half a dozen other names in Appleton’s of obvious Celtic Irish origin which are not here included because not so specified in the cyclopedia. We are taking Mr. Lodge’s authority as such, in order to show how wildly he has departed from it. Following is the correct list compiled from Appleton’s:

STATESMEN.

• Chester A. Arthur
• Robert W. Barnwell
• John S. Barry
• James G. Birney
• David C. Broderick
• Thomas Burke
• Pierce Butler
• John C. Calhoun
• Daniel Carroll
• John Lee Carroll
• Charles Carroll of Carrollton
• Eugene Casserly
• P. A. Collins
• John Conness
• Andrew G. Curtin
• Michael Farley
• William Findley
• Thos. Fitzgerald
• Benj. Fitzpatrick
• Thos. Fitzsimmons
• Andrew Gregg
• Joseph Haslett
• Alex. Henry
• John Hogan
• Andrew Jackson
• Charles W. Jones
• Edward Kavanagh
• Thomas Lewis
• C. Lyon
• Matthew Lyon
• Chris. Marshall
• Alex. Mebane
• Jas. McHenry
• Thos. McKean
• John McKinley
• John Montgomery
• T. P. Moore
• John Murphy
• Jas. K. Polk
• Thomas Polk
• William Polk
• David R. Porter
• Geo. B. Porter
• Francis Preston
• Jas. P. Preston
• Wm. B. Preston
• Wm. C. Preston
• George Read
• John M. Read
• John Reynolds
• Edward Rutledge
• John Rutledge
• William J. Sewell
• James Smith
• Robert Smith
• Samuel W. Smith
• John Smilie
• George Sullivan
• James Sullivan
• George Taylor
• Charles Thomson
• Matt. Thornton
• Michael Walsh
• R. H. Whitely
• William P. Whyte
• Henry Wilson

SOLDIERS.

• T. P. Andrews
• Henry B. Armstrong
• John Armstrong
• John Armstrong
• Thomas J. Baird
• Francis Barber
• Robert Barnwell
• David B. Birney
• Fitzhugh Birney
• James G. Birney
• Andrew Brown
• Edw. Butler
• Edw. G. W. Butler
• Percival Butler
• Richard Butler
• Thomas Butler
• Thomas L. Butler
• William Butler
• William O. Butler
• Patrick R. Cleburne
• Patrick E. Connor
• Thomas Conway
• Michael Corcoran
• Robert T. Emmet
• John I. Gregg
• David M. Gregg
• Edward Hand
• John Haslett
• Armstrong Irvine
• Callender Irvine
• James Irvine
• William Irvine
• William N. Irvine
• Andrew Irwin
• Matthew Irwin
• R. H. Jackson
• Peter Keenan
• John C. Kelton
• Andrew Lewis
• Charles Lewis
• John L. Lewis
• William Lewis
• John A. Logan
• Alex. Macombe
• Maurice Maloney
• Hugh Maxwell
• Thompson Maxwell
• George McClure
• John E. McMahon
• Jas. P. McMahon
• Martin T. McMahon
• Stephen J. McGroarty
• G. J. G. McRee
• George Meade
• George G. Meade
• Thomas Francis Meagher
• John Mease
• Robert H. G. Minty
• “Captain Molly”
• Richard Montgomery
• James Moore
• James Morrison
• Stephen Moylan
• James A. Mulligan
• Francis Nichols
• Lewis Nichola
• William Nichols
• William A. Nichols
• John Nixon
• John O’Neill
• John P. J. O’Brien
• Patrick H. O’Rorke
• Robert Patterson
• F. A. Patterson
• Robert Patton
• Leonidas Polk
• Lucius E. Polk
• Andrew Porter
• Horace Porter
• Andrew Porter
• James Potter
• John S. Preston
• William Preston
• Thomas Proctor
• Griffith Rutherford
• Philip H. Sheridan
• James Shields
• Charles F. Smith
• John S. Smith
• Samuel Smith
• Thomas A. Smyth
• John Stark
• William Stark
• John Sullivan
• Jere. C. Sullivan
• Peter J. Sullivan
• Thomas W. Sweeny
• William Thompson
• William Thompson
• W. T. W. Tone
• Hugh Waddell
• John Whistler
• William Whistler
• J. W. G. Whistler
• Thomas L. Young

CLERGY (CATHOLIC).

• John Barry
• D. Bradley
• George P. Brophy
• M. F. Burke
• John Q. Burke
• Andrew Byrne
• John Carroll
• L. Concanen
• John Connelly
• John J. Conroy
• Henry C. Conwell
• J. A. Corcoran
• Michael A. Corrigan
• Patrick F. Dealy
• T. J. Ducey
• James Dugan
• John Early
• Michael Egan
• John Elder
• William H. Elder
• John England
• Thomas Farrell
• James Fitton
• Edward Fitzgerald
• John B. Fitzpatrick
• Thomas Foley
• Thomas Galberry
• Hugh P. Gallagher
• James Gibbons
• M. Harkins
• Thomas F. Hendricken
• John Hennessey
• John J. Hennessey
• John J. Hogan
• John Hughes
• John Ireland
• John J. Keane
• Patrick Kelley
• F. P. Kenrick
• P. R. Kenrick
• James Keough
• John Loughlin
• P. A. Ludden
• John J. Lynch
• P. W. Lynch
• P. Manogue
• John McCloskey
• John McCloskey
• W. G. McCloskey
• John McElroy
• Edward McGlynn
• John McMullen
• F. McNeirney
• John Moore
• J. J. Moriarty
• P. E. Moriarty
• B. J. McQuade
• T. Mullen
• William Neligan
• E. O’Connell
• J. J. O’Connell
• John F. X. O’Connor
• J. O’Connor
• Michael O’Connor
• M. J. O’Farrell
• J. M. O’Gorman
• William O’Hara
• A. O’Reagan
• B. O’Reilly
• B. O’Reilly
• James O’Reilly
• John O’Reilly
• P. T. O’Reilly
• R. Phelan
• J. B. Purcell
• William Quarter
• John Quinlan
• William Quinn
• Patrick W. Riordan
• M. Ronayne
• James Ryan
• P. J. Ryan
• L. Scanlan
• R. Scannell
• Clement Smyth
• William Starrs
• John Twigg
• James Whelan
• Peter Whelan
• R. V. Whelan

CLERGY (PROTESTANT).

• William Arthur
• John Brown
• William Butler
• Thomas Campbell
• George K. Dunlop
• John Glendy
• A. C. Garrett
• James Gray
• T. C. Henry
• J. H. Hopkins
• John H. Hopkins
• H. H. Kavanagh
• Hugh Knox
• James Latta
• E. D. MacMaster
• John Macnamara
• John W. Mafitt
• J. S. Maginnis
• A. McCaine
• A. P. McFerrin
• John B. McFerrin
• James McFerrin
• G. McMaster
• Edward Mitchell
• D. Moore
• T. Murphy
• J. Murray
• N. Murray
• John D. Ogilby
• Fred Ogilby
• J. O’Kelly
• R. Patterson
• W. Patton
• W. W. Patton
• S. Ralston
• William S. Rainsford
• S. Robinson
• E. Rutledge
• F. H. Rutledge
• John Scarborough
• John B. Smith
• R. Smith
• S. S. Smith
• T. Smyth
• Samuel Taggart
• Hugh M. Thompson
• Thomas R. Sullivan
• James Waddell
• Moses Waddell
• S. B. Wylie

LAWYERS.

• G. B. Adrian
• W. T. S. Barry
• William Birnley
• George Bryan
• Aldanno Burke
• Edmund Burke
• John J. Burke
• Richard Busteed
• Pierce Butler
• James Campbell
• Charles P. Daley
• Edmund S. Dargan
• Daniel Dougherty
• Thomas A. Emmet
• Robert Emmet
• Thomas Addis Emmet
• James Hillhouse
• James A. Hillhouse
• William Hillhouse
• Samuel Hood
• William L. Houston
• Thomas Irwin
• David S. Jones
• P. H. Jones
• Thomas Jones
• Samuel Jones
• Samuel W. Jones
• William Killen
• Joshua Lewis
• O. A. Lochnane
• William Logan
• John V. Macmahon
• G. J. McRee
• Alfred Moore
• Alfred Moore
• Maurice Moore
• Charles O’Conor
• John B. O’Neall
• William Paterson
• Robert Patterson
• Thomas G. Polk
• William H. Polk
• J. M. Porter
• W. A. Porter
• Isaac T. Preston
• William Preston
• John Read
• John M. Read
• Hugh Rutledge
• E. G. Ryan
• George Shea
• Alex. Smyth
• William Stark
• A. C. Sullivan
• Jere. Sullivan
• John T. S. Sullivan
• A. M. Waddell
• Hugh Waddell
• Thomas Wilson

PHYSICIANS.

• John Bell
• Charles Caldwell
• William H. Dudley
• Thomas A. Emmet
• Fred V. Hopkins
• Matthew Irvine
• Cornelius A. Logan
• James H. McClelland
• James McHenry
• William J. McNevin
• John Osborn
• John C. Osborn
• Robert M. Patterson
• William M. Polk
• Andrew W. Smyth
• John Watson

LITERATURE.

• John Binns
• Joseph Brennan
• John Ross Browne
• John D. Burk
• Henry C. Cary
• William Cassidy
• Henry Hamilton Cox
• F. Marion Crawford
• Jere. Curtin
• Eleanor C. Donnelly
• Ignatius Donnelly
• M. F. Egan
• Kate Field
• Matthew Field
• William D. Gallagher
• Henry Giles
• Francis Glass
• E. L. Godkin
• William Grimshaw
• Louise I. Guiney
• Charles G. Halpine
• Moses Harvey
• Hugh J. Hastings
• James A. Hillhouse
• Aug. L. Hillhouse
• Caspar T. Hopkins
• William A. Jones
• Robert D. Joyce
• Henry F. Keenan
• Thomas Kinsella
• Celia Logan
• Cornelius A. Logan
• James A. MacMaster
• Henry N. Martin
• Edward Maturin
• Justin McCarthy
• R. Shelton McKenzie
• John O’Kane Murray
• Fitz-James O’Brien
• E. O. B. O’Callaghan
• Thomas O’Connor
• William D. O’Connor
• Daniel K. O’Donnell
• Theodore O’Hara
• Henry O’Reilly
• John Boyle O’Reilly
• John Osborne
• John Reade
• Mayne Reid
• William E. Robinson
• James Jeffrey Roche
• Abram J. Ryan
• Mary A. Sadlier
• William Sampson
• John Savage
• Charles D. Shanly
• John A. Shea
• John D. G. Shea
• Richard Smith
• Caleb Stark
• William Stuart
• Margaret A. F. Sullivan
• William Sullivan
• Louis F. Tasistro
• Robert Walsh
• William S. Walsh
• D. P. Warden
• Robert Watts
• R. H. Wilde
• William Wright

ART.

• D. M. Carter
• Thomas Crawford
• P. P. Duggan
• Rosina Emmet
• W. M. Fisher
• Aug. Saint Gaudens
• Louis Saint Gaudens
• James Hamilton
• W. J. Hennessey
• Thomas Hovenden
• Charles C. Ingham
• J. E. Kelly
• William McGrath
• Joseph Milmore
• Martin Milmore
• John F. Murphy
• Hugh Newell
• William A. O’Donovan
• Launt Thompson

SCIENCE.

• Robert Adrain
• John Cassin
• John P. Emmet
• G. Macloskie
• J. W. Mallett
• Charles Marshall
• T. O. C. Sloane
• M. Twomey
• Daniel Vaughn

EDUCATORS.

• William Byrne
• William H. Maxwell
• Robert Milligan
• Patrick F. Mullany
• M. A. Newell
• Cornelius M. O’Leary
• Robert B. Patton
• James Ryder
• Richard Sterling
• Robert E. Thompson
• Michael Walsh
• James Waddell
• John Waddell
• Theo. A. Wilson

NAVY.

• John Barry
• Johnston Blakely
• John Cassin
• Stephen Cassin
• Thomas A. Dornin
• Henry Eagle
• William H. Macomb
• John M. Maffit
• Richard W. Meade
• Matthew Mease
• Richard W. Meade
• Jeremiah O’Brien
• John O’Brien
• Richard O’Brien
• William O’Brien
• George C. Read
• Thomas Read
• Stephen C. Rowan
• James I. Waddell

BUSINESS.

• Patrick Barry
• Alex. Brown
• George Brown
• John A. Brown
• James Brown
• William Brown
• John Burnside
• Mathew Carey
• Mathew Carey
• John Dunlop
• James G. Fair
• James C. Flood
• Hugh Gaine
• Alex. Henry
• E. A. Hopkins
• John D. Jones
• W. R. Jones
• George P. Kane
• Alex. Macomb
• B. MacMahon
• George Meade
• R. W. Meade
• J. McHenry
• James Murphy
• J. M. Nesbitt
• William Niblo
• Hugh O’Brien
• William S. O’Brien
• M. Phelan
• Oliver Pollock
• John Roach
• T. L. Rutledge
• T. L. Preston
• Samuel Sloan
• Luke Tiernan

PHILANTHROPISTS.

• W. W. Corcoran
• John C. Drumgoole
• Sister Euphemia
• Margaret Haughery
• Sister Mary A. Horan
• Robert Kelley
• William Kelley
• Sr. S. Teresa Lalor
• Mary McHenry
• Robert McKim
• John G. Shortall
• George H. Stuart

PIONEERS.

• Patrick Breen
• David Crockett
• Simon Kenton
• Benj. Logan
• Robert Strawbridge

INVENTORS.

• Paul Boyton
• Robert M. Dalzell
• Robert Fulton

ENGINEERS.

• Thomas A. Emmet
• John L. Sullivan
• George W. Whistler
• George W. Whistler

MUSICIANS.

• P. S. Gilmore
• Charles J. Hopkins

ARCHITECTS.

• [^[3]]None

[3]. Many eminent architects are, of course, to be credited to men of Irish blood in this country, but it must be remembered that we are now dealing solely with a certain edition of a certain encyclopedia.

ACTORS.

• Lawrence Barrett
• Dion Boucicault
• John Brougham
• John Drew
• John Duff
• John H. Dwyer
• Joseph M. Field
• William J. Florence
• John Henry
• Matilda Heron
• Eliza Logan
• Olive Logan
• William C. Macready
• John E. McCullough
• Tyrone Power
• Ada Rehan
• John T. Raymond
• Barney Williams

Mr. Lodge is right, i. e., he follows his authority honestly in giving practically the correct number of names belonging to the departments of Art, Science and Architecture, and these alone.

It is worth noting that, if the Irish are conspicuous by their absence from the last named, they are gloriously prominent in the first. The race which has given to America, Crawford, Milmore, Kelly, St. Gaudens, Thompson, Hennessey, O’Donovan and as many more, has contributed at least its share to the glory of the country in that department.

The corrected figures, not according to Mr. Lodge, but according to the authority from which Mr. Lodge professed to have taken his own are, therefore, as follows. We give first the summary of the Lodge tables and then that of Appleton’s cyclopedia. They speak for themselves:

The true figures are almost twice as large as those of Mr. Lodge, and are far from representing the great total of Irish ability contributed to the United States, but not acknowledged in the cyclopedia.

Mr. Lodge must plead guilty to one of two charges. Either he has deliberately misrepresented the facts, or he is so careless or incompetent that he can neither count nor quote within 50 per cent of the truth.

EMIGRATION FROM NEW ENGLAND TO IRELAND.

From Prendergast’s Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland.

Prendergast’s Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland says: “Ireland was now like an empty hive, prepared to receive its new swarm. One of the earliest efforts of the government towards replanting the parts reserved to themselves was to turn towards the lately expatriated English in America. In the early part of the year 1651, when the country, by their own description to the Council of State, was a scene of unparalleled waste and ruin, the Commissioners for Ireland affectionately urged Mr. Harrison, then a minister of the Gospel in New England, to come over to Ireland, which he would find experimentally was a comfortable seed plot (so they said) for his labours.

“On his return to New England, it was hoped he might encourage those whose hearts the Lord should stir up to look back again towards their native country, to return and plant in Ireland. There they should have freedom of worship, and the (mundane) advantages of convenient lands, fit for husbandry, in healthful air, near to maritime towns or secure places, with such encouragement from the state as should demonstrate that it was their chief care to plant Ireland with a godly seed and generation.

“Mr. Harrison was unable to come; but some movement appears to have been made towards a plantation from America, as proposals were received in January, 1655, for the planting of the town of Sligo and lands thereabouts, with families from New England; and lands on the Mile line, together with the two little islands called Oyster Island and Coney Island (containing 200 acres), were leased for one year, from 10th of April, 1655, for the use of such English families as should come from New England in America, in order to their transplantation.

“In 1656 several families, arriving from New England at Limerick, had the excise of tobacco brought with them for the use of themselves and families remitted; and other families in May and July of that year, who had come over from New England to plant, were received as tenants of state lands near Garristown, in the county of Dublin, about fifteen miles north of the capital.”

STEPHEN JACKSON, A PROVIDENCE, R. I., SETTLER.

From a Publication of the Rhode Island Historical Society, October, 1894.

Stephen Jackson of Providence, R. I., was born in 1700, in Kilkenny, Ireland. He came to America, it is said, in 1724, to escape political persecution. He married, 1725, August 15, Anne Boone, daughter of Samuel and Mary Boone, of North Kingstown, R. I. He hired land in Providence in 1745, and at this period is called “schoolmaster.” He bought and sold several parcels of land subsequently. In 1762, he and his son, Samuel, bought of Stephen Hopkins, land on the new street, called Benefit Street, where they were then living. Stephen Jackson died, 1765, July 22, and was buried in the North burial ground. His wife, Anne, was born, 1709, September 18. She died at Pomfret, Conn., 1782, January 30.

Stephen and Anne (Boone) Jackson had children as follows:

1. George, b. 1727; m. Lydia Harris, daughter of Toleration and Sarah (Foster) Harris. He died 1769, March 1. His will mentions wife Lydia, daughter Lydia and son Joseph. He was a “noted commander.”

2. Samuel, b. 1729; d. 1811, Sept. 6.

3. David, b. ; m. Deborah Field, 1751, Oct. 9.

4. Richard, b. 1731, May 10; m. Susan Waterman, 1760, Dec. 31, daughter of Nathan and Phebe (Smith) Waterman. He died 1818, Dec. 29. His seven children’s births are upon record. His son, Nathan W., was many years town clerk; Stephen was cashier of Exchange Bank; and Richard was President of Washington Insurance Company. (Richard, Jr.’s son Charles was Governor of Rhode Island.)

5. Anne, b. 1736, May 12; d. 1753, Nov. 20.

6. Judith, b. 1738, Nov.; m. Simeon Thayer, 1759, Feb. 7. She died 1771, April 28.

7. Mary, b. ; m. Ezekiel Burr, 1759, Nov. 7, son of David and Sarah.

8. Elizabeth, b. 1743, May 23; m. William Lanksford, 1766, April 21. She died 1812, Jan. 27.

9. Susannah, b. ; d. 1772, June.

10. Thomas, b. 1747; m. Mary Brown, 1778, Sept. 14, daughter of Richard. He died 1807, March 17. His widow’s will (in 1834) mentions son Samuel, grandchildren, etc.

11. Sally, b. 1753; m. Tilly Merrick Olney, 1772, Feb., daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Mawney) Olney. She died 1785, Sept.

12. Nancy, b. 1756, Nov. 8; m. (1) John Angell, 1785, April 3; m. (2) Simeon Thayer; m. (3) Darius Daniels. She died 1803, March 9.

The above is not contributed as by any means a complete record, but simply as suggestive, and to save some stray memoranda, part of them found in archives of R. I. Historical Society.

Query (A). Is there not a manuscript account of this family in existence, and if so, where?

Query (B). Was Daniel Jackson, who was born in Boston, but who lived in Providence, a relative of this family? His record was as follows:

Daniel Jackson, b. 1742, April 2; m. Roby Hawkins, 1765, Nov. 4. He died 1806, May 21. His will mentions children Samuel, John T. (father of Daniel, Ephraim and Benjamin M., etc.), Benjamin M., Amey (wife of Bernon Dun), Ruth (wife of Lewis Bosworth), and Polly.

THE AFFAIR AT FORT WILLIAM AND MARY.

BY THE REV. THOMAS GREGORY.

Just before sunset on the afternoon of December 13, 1774, Paul Revere jumped from his foam-covered steed in front of a house in Durham, New Hampshire, rushed in and informed its owner, Major John Sullivan, that two regiments of British regulars were about to march from Boston to occupy Portsmouth and the fort in its harbor. In an instant Sullivan made up his mind as to what it was his duty to do, and within less than two hours he had gathered his force and was ready for business.

The party, sixteen in number, boarded an unwieldy, sloop-rigged old craft and darted off down the river to Portsmouth. It was a clear, cold moonlight night, and presently the crude masonry of old Fort William and Mary loomed up in the distance, reminding them of the fact that they were close on to their quarry. When within a rod or so of the shore their vessel grounded in the shallow water, and in silence they waded to land, mounted the fort, surprised the garrison and found themselves victorious without the loss of a man or even of a drop of blood.

Securing the prisoners, the patriots at once broke into the magazine, where they found one hundred pounds of powder. The powder, along with one hundred stand of small arms, was put aboard of their craft and taken back to Durham, where it was buried under the pulpit of the old meeting-house in front of Major Sullivan’s house.

Six months later the battle of Bunker Hill came off, and it was this same powder, captured by Major Sullivan at Fort William and Mary, that enabled the Americans to kill so many of the British in that historic encounter. Powder was exceedingly scarce in the patriot army, and Sullivan, anticipating that such might be the case, filled “old John Demerett’s ox-cart” with the powder he had buried under Parson Adams’ pulpit and sent it over the sixty-odd miles of rocky road to Boston, where it was destined to do such good service in the cause of liberty.

It was the news of Sullivan’s capture of Fort William and Mary that precipitated the Revolution. After such a daring deed Lexington was a foregone conclusion. In the words of another, “Sullivan was the first man in active rebellion against the British government, and he drew with him the province he lived in.” In an address on the history of this part of New Hampshire, Rev. Quint, of Dover, referring to the attack on the fort, said: “The daring character of the assault cannot be over-estimated. It was an organized investment of a royal fortress where the king’s flag was flying and where the king’s garrison met them with muskets and artillery. It was four months before Lexington, and Lexington was resistance to attack, while this was deliberate assault.”

DOMINICK LYNCH AND HIS FAMILY.

Compiled from Various Sources.

Dominick Lynch was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1786; a prominent merchant; was of the firm Lynch & Stoughton, New York. A biographical sketch of Mr. Lynch was published some years ago in the American Catholic Historical Researches. It was written by Richard H. Clarke, LL. D., and treated the subject at great length. According to Dr. Clarke, Mr. Lynch was born in Galway, Ireland, in 1754.

He married his cousin, Jane Lynch, a native of Dublin. Shortly after, Dominick and his wife went to reside at Bruges, in Flanders, where he established a commercial house, a branch of his father’s in Galway. He amassed a handsome fortune in Bruges and three of his children were born there. While engaged in business in Bruges he became acquainted with Don Thomas Stoughton, a merchant having commercial relations with France and Spain. Eventually, Lynch and Stoughton formed a co-partnership for the purpose of conducting business in America. The articles of co-partnership were dated March 10, 1783; the capital agreed upon was £7,500, of which amount Lynch furnished £5,000 and Stoughton, £2,500.

HON. GEORGE F. O’NEIL,
Binghamton, N. Y.
A LIFE MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.

Stoughton, in pursuance of the agreement, came to New York City and opened the business house of Lynch & Stoughton. Lynch visited London and Galway, and in 1785 sailed for America, reaching New York June 20 of that year. Stoughton was a bachelor, and Mr. and Mrs. Lynch, their three children and a number of servants, went to reside with him. Later, Stoughton was made Spanish consul at New York. Eventually, differences broke out between the partners, the firm was dissolved and each member sued the other. These two suits in chancery, Stoughton vs. Lynch and Lynch vs. Stoughton, were tried before Chancellor Kent and after pending for over twenty years, were finally decided adverse to Lynch.

The latter had to pay Stoughton, besides fines and costs, $25,076. After the dissolution of the firm, Lynch retired in affluent circumstances largely on account of the wealth he had amassed in Bruges. It was said of him in New York that “he dispensed a bountiful and refined hospitality.” He was an earnest Catholic, gave liberally of his means to forward church work and was one of the representative men who signed the “Catholic Address” to George Washington. It is said of Lynch that upon arriving in New York, in 1785, he brought a large amount of specie with him and the advent of a man with such extensive financial resources created quite a stir. He was at one time offered, for what would today be considered a ridiculously small sum, a farm of twenty acres near City Hall, New York.

He declined to buy the property, but with the same amount of money purchased 697 acres near Fort Stanwix on the Mohawk River. Before the year 1800 he had increased his holdings there to about 2,000 acres. As early as 1796, he laid this property out in village lots, and called the place Lynchville. Later, he changed the name to Rome, perhaps in honor of the Eternal City. Between the years 1800 and 1820, he built a woolen mill, a cotton factory and a saw-mill at Rome, which place he had founded. It is said that the southeast corner of Fort Stanwix was levelled to make room for a mansion erected by him. In 1797, Dominick purchased an estate in West Chester County, N. Y., bordering Long Island Sound. Here he built a magnificent stone residence after the style of chateaus he had seen in Flanders. This was his home for the remainder of his life. He continued to dispense “munificent hospitality, took a leading part in the social events of the metropolis, and manifested to the end a zealous and active zeal in the growth of the Catholic church in New York.”

He died in 1825 and his widow in 1849. At his death his children were thirteen in number, i. e.—James, Anastasia, Anthony, Dominick, Alexander, Margaret, Jasper, Jane, Henry, Harriet, Louisa, Edward and William. By the marriage of these children, the family has become allied with many of the old families of New York and Pennsylvania, including the Tillotsons, Shippens, Leas, Laurences, Nortons, Luquers, Pringles, Maitlands, Harveys, Ridgways, etc. James Lynch, the oldest of Dominick’s thirteen children, resided in Rome, N. Y., represented Oneida County in the state legislature for several years, and was later a judge of the Court of Sessions, and of the Marine, now City, Court, of New York. Dominick Lynch, 2d, at the time of, and after, his father’s death became a prominent merchant in New York City. This second Dominick was spoken of as “the most fashionable man in New York.” He made quite a reputation as proprietor of Lynch’s Chateau Margeaux, Lynch’s Sauterne and Lynch’s Lucca Oil. It is said of him that he “coined money and spent it with the freedom of a prince,” and that he “went into the best society.” He resided on Greenwich Street “opposite the Battery.” He died in 1844. He “was a Roman Catholic as his father had been.”

Dominick Lynch, 3d, grandson of the first Dominick, was a man of great public spirit, an elegant conversationalist and the possessor of musical talents. He became a naval officer, served under Perry in the Mexican war, and was also in the Civil War. He died in 1884. Dominick Lynch, 4th, was a lieutenant in the Fourth U. S. Cavalry and died some years ago. Speaking of the Lynches and others, Barrett’s Old Merchants of New York City says: “These Irish families are the cream of the cream of the old families here.”

A SHIP FROM IRELAND IS CAST AWAY.

The ship Alknomac sailed from the river of Sligo, Ireland, in October, 1811, with 79 passengers. After a passage of 73 days she was cast away at Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. The passengers and crew were rescued and spent nine days there. Captain Hicks, who commanded the Alknomac, at length provided a sloop in which the passengers embarked for New York. Unfavorable weather continuing, the sloop was driven ashore at Newport, R. I., December 24, 1811, where passengers and crew were again landed. The New York Shamrock, describing the incident, says: “Commodore Rodgers was on the Newport station when 79 Irish passengers were landed from a wrecked vessel. He humanely tendered the hand of hospitality and liberally provided them with every necessary to enable them to proceed to New York, the port of their original destination. Eight of the passengers who have come by land were supplied with money, and the others who remained waiting for a passage by water, received money, provisions and every necessary aid from the American commander.”

INCIDENT OF AN EXPEDITION UNDER GEN. JOHN SULLIVAN.

BY G. FRANK RADWAY, UTICA, N. Y.

Otsego Lake, in central New York, possesses not only the charm of romance due to the pen of Fenimore Cooper, but also an historical interest. In the year 1779 an expedition was sent against the hostile Indians around Lake Cayuga. A brigade under the command of Gen. James Clinton, the brother of George Clinton and father of DeWitt Clinton (each of whom held the office of governor of New York at one time), went up the Mohawk and then cut across through the forest, to the head of the Otsego, finally encamping at the foot of the lake.

The Susquehanna at its source is a very narrow stream and did not permit the floating of the 220 boats brought along by the troops. An ingenious plan was devised to overcome this difficulty. The small gorge through which the river flows as it leaves the lake was dammed, thereby collecting the waters. When a sufficient amount had been collected, the troops embarked, the dam was knocked out, and the boats were carried by the flood to a point near Tioga, where the brigade joined the forces under General Sullivan. It is said that the Indians along the banks, beholding the overflow of the river in summer, without any apparent reason, thought that it was an interposition of the Great Spirit, and fled in terror. The site of the dam has been suitably marked by the Otsego Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

IRISH BUILDERS OF THE WHITE HOUSE.

BY MARTIN I. J. GRIFFIN, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Not only were Catholics—L’Enfant, the Frenchman, and Dermott, the Irishman—the planners of the Federal City, Washington, but a Catholic, James Hoban, a native of Ireland, was the architect and builder of the president’s palace, as it was first called, the president’s house as later designated, but better known as the White House.

Hoban was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1758. When only twenty-two years old he won a medal from the Dublin Society for “drawings of brackets, stairs, roof, etc.” It is now in possession of his grandson, James Hoban, of Washington. He came to this country after the revolution and soon became known as an architect and builder.

When, in 1791, Washington visited South Carolina, writes Mr. Griffin, Colonel Laurens and others recommended to him the abilities as an architect and the executive worth of James Hoban, the Kilkenny Irishman, who had, since his arrival, added to the growth and adornment of the neighborhood by the exercise of that skill and ingenuity which the new country so much needed.

Mr. Hoban went to Washington city and submitted to the commissioners a plan for the president’s palace. His plan was accepted immediately and without hesitation after a view of the drawings which were submitted.

Hoban’s plan of the president’s palace being adopted, the selection of the site on which to erect it required the personal attention of Washington himself. So on August 2, 1792, the commissioners and President Washington “viewed the ground, particularly at the place for the palace. It has given him considerable trouble and difficulty to fix his mind,” wrote the commissioners.

Hoban’s design of the president’s house contemplated a central building with wings. The central portion was executed according to his designs and under his supervision (we are told he received 300 guineas a year for his services)—both before and after the damage by the British in 1814. The north portico was not completed until 1820, and then according to Hoban’s plan. Its popular name of the White House is due to his thought of painting the brownstone fronting the exterior walls to conceal the discoloration by smoke and fire.

Cornelius McDermott Roe, Patrick McDermott Roe and John Delahunty had the contract for all the brick and stone work on the president’s house for one season, and John Kearney did all the plastering on the capitol.

Thus far in our investigations we have found that a Catholic was one of the commissioners; that two Catholics planned the city; that a Catholic designed and built the president’s house and also superintended the erection of the capitol, which three Catholics contracted to build, and another did the plastering, while Patrick Whalen dug the cellar. Surely Irish Catholics seem to have had a goodly share in the foundation of the Capital City.

Mr. Hoban died on December 9, 1831, and was buried in St. Patrick’s Cemetery. In May, 1863, his grandson and namesake, James Hoban, Esq., purchased a lot in Mount Olivet Cemetery, near Washington, and the remains of James Hoban and others of the family were removed thereto.

COL. FRANCIS BARBER, A SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION.

BY JAMES L. O’NEILL, ELIZABETH, N. J.

Patrick Barber was born in County Longford, Ireland, and was the father of Col. Francis Barber, who was a gallant soldier of the American Revolution. The colonel himself was born (1751) in Princeton, N. J., and long resided in Elizabethtown, N. J.

The father, Patrick, had come over in the same ship with Clinton. They are said to have been kinsmen. After a perilous voyage lasting some four months, they finally reached New York, where Clinton remained, Barber continuing on to Princeton, N. J.

Patrick Barber resided in Princeton for years and here were born four of his sons—Francis, John, William and Joseph. Col. Francis Barber graduated from Princeton College after securing for himself a distinguished reputation for his classical attainments. As we may infer from the character of Elizabethtown’s first settlers, much attention was paid to the subject of education by the people. And to this we may attribute the strong influence which for a long time it maintained in the province. We find in 1767, a Mr. Pemberton and a Mr. Reeves at the head of a school. In 1769, they left the institution and Francis Barber was appointed to fill the vacancy. He continued in the position until the commencement of the war, a period when teachers and many scholars left the quiet pursuits of science and rushed to arms for the defence of the country.

In 1776, Mr. Barber received from Congress a commission as major of the Third Battalion of New Jersey troops, and at the close of the year he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Third Jersey Regiment. Subsequently, he became assistant inspector-general under Baron Steuben, who expressed a high opinion of his ability and services. Colonel Barber was in constant service during the whole war. With his regiment he served under General Schuyler at the north. He was at the battles of Ticonderoga, Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, and came near losing his life in the latter.

He was at one time adjutant-general under Sullivan. He served with distinction in the Wyoming Valley and Indian troubles. He was actively engaged in the battle of Springfield. In 1781, he was at the capture of the British army at Yorktown. Colonel Barber, although not more than thirty years at his death, had twice married, one of his helpmates, being the daughter of Moses Ogden, whose residence was the old town home that still stands on the north side of Elizabeth Avenue below Reed Street.

So close was his friendship with Lafayette that they exchanged swords. The sword Lafayette gave Barber is now in the Washington headquarters at Newburgh, N. Y., while the one Barber gave in exchange is preserved in Paris. Speaking of men noted in the military world, a few years ago, General Stryker, president of the Society of the Cincinnati, at the meeting of that organization, which was attended by William P. Barber, said that he considered Colonel Barber an ideal soldier. W. P. Barber is a great great-grandson of Colonel Barber. Colonel Barber was the tutor of Alexander Hamilton.

GEN. PHELPS MONTGOMERY.
New Haven, Conn.
A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY.

After having escaped the dangers of the many military campaigns, Colonel Barber was finally killed, 1783, by a most peculiar accident. Just after peace had been declared, General Washington summoned all his officers to meet him at his headquarters in Newburgh. Colonel Barber was on his way there, and but a few miles distant, when he came upon a gang of men chopping down trees in a piece of woods. One of the men called to him in a warning tone to stop his horse, just as a tree had started to topple over in his path. The chopper thought the tree was going to fall another way, but it struck and killed the unsuspecting officer, who realized his danger too late to save himself. Had he been allowed to go on without stopping, a life of such inestimable value to his country would without doubt have been saved. He was a fine scholar, a skillful and brave officer and rendered great and important services to his country.

CONCERNING THE IRISH MONTGOMERYS.

In the New York Herald, September 10, 1905, is a statement by “L. W., London, England,” giving many details of interest concerning the ancestry and family of Gen. Richard Montgomery. The statement appears in the genealogical department of the Herald, of that date, which department is conducted by Mrs. Clara H. Manning. The statement is in answer to a correspondent and is as follows:

“H. W. N.’s family tradition is at fault. Gen. Richard Montgomery had no sister Elizabeth. His only sister was Sarah, wife of Charles Jones, fourth Viscount Planelagh, and mother of thirteen children. General Montgomery had brothers, John and Alexander. John died unmarried in Lisbon, 1786. His administration is in the Prerogative Court of Ireland. Alexander, the brother, was captain in the Forty-third Regiment and member of the Irish Parliament for County Donegal; died unmarried September 29, 1800. His will is in the Prerogative Court of Ireland. Lady Planelagh and her three brothers were the children of Thomas Montgomery, of Swords, near Dublin, eldest son of Alexander Montgomery, of Ballyleek, who married Mary Francklyn.

“Thomas Montgomery had several brothers and sisters. His brother, Robert, of Brandram, County Monaghan, married Sarah Maxwell. This is the nearest Maxwell connection. Thomas had many cousins. Ulster has many Montgomerys of other lines. It is said the Earl of Mount Alexander could ride at the head of a regiment all Montgomerys. At one time in the Irish Parliament were six Montgomerys all over six feet in height and the handsomest men in Dublin.... By far [one of] the most noted family of modern times is that of the Montgomerys of Grey Abbey, County Down, a famous military stock.

“For all this they have a pedigree made in the eighteenth century to take them on to the famous old Grey Abbey stock of the early Ulster settlement. As a fact, they are descended from a thrifty yeoman who purchased Grey Abbey after the old stock had died out. No American Montgomerys can prove any near connection with either the Montgomerys of Ballyleek or the Earls of Mount Alexander. The nearest probable American connection is not of the Montgomery name, being that of the descendants of Thomas Patterson, who emigrated from County Donegal to Philadelphia at the time of the Irish rebellion. Thomas Patterson was grandson of Alleriah Montgomery, said by tradition to be a cousin of the general. Her marriage certificate in the diocese of Raphoe indicates her as coming from the vicinity of the general’s family, being about his age and not belonging to any other of the Montgomery families in that part of Ireland.”

HEROES OF MONTGOMERY’S ARMY.

In the city of Quebec, Canada, is a tablet on which is inscribed the following:

Within this building and directly

Beneath this tablet repose

The remains of thirteen soldiers of

General Montgomery’s army,

Who were killed in the assault on Quebec

Dec. 31st, 1775.

Placed to their memory by several

American children.

A GLANCE AT SOME PIONEER IRISH IN THE SOUTH.

BY MICHAEL J. O’BRIEN, NEW YORK CITY.

No section of the Union presents a wider or more diversified field for historical inquiry than the Carolinas and Virginia.

All the territory from the Delaware River south to Cape Fear was named “Virginia” by the English, and it is generally supposed that it was in the present state of Virginia the earliest colonists landed. It was, however, the Indians of North Carolina who were the first to set eyes on the white men who came to America with the famous navigator, Sir Walter Raleigh, in the year 1584.

Among these first-comers to the Carolinas Irishmen are found, and in the resistance to the authority and encroachments of the British organized in that section many years later, the sons of Erin and their descendants are recorded as having played an honorable and prominent part.

In Hakluyt’s Voyages, Navigations, Traffiques and Discouveries of the English Nation are found some interesting facts relating to the first voyages of the English, under Raleigh and his lieutenants, to the western world. Richard Hakluyt was one of those who accompanied Raleigh on his first voyage of discovery in 1584. His Voyages and Discouveries, now a work of extreme rarity (it was published in London over 300 years ago), is by all odds the most celebrated book ever written on the subject, and forms the basis of all true history of the colonization of the Carolinas and Virginia. It is printed in the old English text of the sixteenth century, which renders its examination a task as laborious as it is interesting. The writer has examined the copy of this famous work in the Astor Library, and we are sure our readers will be interested in learning something of its contents at this stage.

The second voyage was undertaken by Sir Richard Greenville in the year 1585. The company comprised 107 persons. Hakluyt’s great work (page 254, volume 3) contains “an account of the particulars of the employments of the Englishmen left in Virginia by Sir Richard Greenville under the charge of Master Ralph Lane, general of the same, from August 17, 1585, to June 18, 1586.”

It will be observed that Greenville refers to “the Englishmen left in Virginia.” This would lead the ordinary reader to the conclusion that the expedition was comprised of Englishmen only, but such an assumption would be erroneous. In those days Ireland had a merchant marine of her own, and the ships which sailed from Irish ports, and indeed not a few of those whose home ports were in England, were manned by Irish seamen. (See Marmion’s Maritime Ports of Ireland.) What more natural, therefore, than to expect that Irish names should be found among the lists of these “Englishmen?” All of the early histories of the southern colonies refer to the first settlers as English. No suggestion is ever made, as far as the writer can find, that these first-comers may not all have been English, or that any Irish people were amongst them. Yet it is a fact that Irishmen came too in search of adventure, and no better testimony in support of that assertion can be adduced than the lists of the names of the persons who came on these colonizing expeditions.

Here are some of the names from Greenvilles’ list, as they were written down at the time: Edward Kelley, R. Courtney, Hugh Rogers, Thomas Fox, Darby “Glande,” Edward Nugent, John “Costigo” (Costigan), James Lafie, Francis Norris, Richard Moore, Richard Ireland, Matthew Lyne, Dennis Barnes, “Denice” Carroll, Robert Young, Thomas Hesket, Richard Humphrey and R. Griffin. Many of these, undoubtedly, were natives of Ireland. This is said to have been the first English colony that settled in America, the previous expedition having returned with its entire company.

They entered Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic by what is now known as New Inlet, and then landed at Roanoke Island, thence crossed over to the mainland to the eastern portion of North Carolina, just south of Norfolk, Va. They followed the course of the Chowan River for a short distance, and soon came in contact with the Indians. Hakluyt’s work contains an interesting narrative of the voyage and of the explorations of the party in Virginia, written by Ralph Lane, in which long accounts are given of their encounters with the savage Indians. In his account of one fight, on the first of June, 1586, he refers to the bravery of “one of my Irish boys,” who shot Pemisapan, the king of the Indians, “athwart the buttocks with my petronell.” The Irish boy’s shot did not, however, bring down the Indian king, and the wily redskin, with a number of his warriors, managed to escape into the dense forest.

But then, another Irishman, who was not afraid to face the Indian band singlehanded, was there to finish the work of the youthful adventurer from Erin, “for,” writes Lane, “in the end an Irishman serving me, one Nugent, and the deputy provost undertook him”—that is to say, volunteered to capture or kill the Indian king—“and I, in some doubt lest we had lost both the king and my man, by our own negligence to have been intercepted by the savages, we met him returning out of the woods with Pemisapan’s head in his hands.”

The place where the bold Irishman, Edward Nugent, and the nameless youth thus earned such prominent mention in early American history has been located as in Chowan County, near the present town of Edenton, N. C.

It seems that in all of the early voyages of the English to the American continent the adventurous Irishman was present. On Raleigh’s first voyage the largest ship was commanded by a Captain Butler, and Captain Edward Hayes commanded a vessel in the expedition of Sir H. Gilbert to Newfoundland in 1583. Sixteen years earlier, 1567, Robert Barrett and John Garrett commanded ships in the expedition to Mexico under Sir John Hawkins. There is nothing to show that these captains were of the Irish nation, but their names have been for centuries so common in Ireland that we venture to include them in this category.

In 1568, when Hawkins arrived in the Gulf of Mexico, he put ashore a company comprising 68 men under Miles Philips, a little north of Panuco. From the curiously-worded narrative of Miles Philips, entitled “The voyages from Panuco, thence to Mexico, and afterwards to sundry other places, having remained in the counterey 15 or 16 yeeres together, and noted many things most worthy of observation,” which is contained in Hakluyt’s third volume, we glean some interesting information.

The whole company was captured by a band of Indians and Spaniards, and immediately haled before the governor, who “visited them with the terrors of the Inquisition.” John Gray, John and Thomas Browne, John Mooney, James Collier and John Rider were sentenced to receive 200 lashes on horseback and to serve eight years in the galleys; others of the company received various terms of servitude, while others were condemned to serve as servants or slaves in the monasteries. Three were condemned to be burned to ashes, and the inhuman sentence was carried out in the market place of the City of Mexico on the day preceding Good Friday in the year 1575.

The three unfortunates were George Riuely (Reilly), Peter Momfrie and “Cornelius.” Philips was unacquainted with the full name of the latter, but in order to distinguish him from another of the party who bore the same Christian name, he refers to him as “Cornelius the Irishman.” In relating the circumstances of his subsequent escape, Philips stated that several of the adventurers, after the expiration of their terms of servitude, remained in Mexico, married native women, and some prospered in the new country.

The same volume of Hakluyt (page 286) contains the story of “The Fourth Voyage, made to Virginia in 1587, wherein was transported the Second Colony,” written by the commander, Captain John White. The narrative runs in part:

“On the first day of July (1587) we weighed anchor at Musketo’s Bay, upon the fourth side of St. John’s Island, where were left behind two Irishmen of our company, Darbie Glaven and Dennis Carrell, thence bearing along the coast of St. John’s till evening.” The vessels anchored in the bay for the purpose of securing a supply of salt, which Simon Fernando, who was with Raleigh on the first expedition, had informed White could be procured on the island. The two hardy Irishmen, Glaven and Carrell, were selected to go ashore and procure the necessary supply. They proceeded inland, but, during their absence, Fernando, for some reason that does not appear, persuaded the commander to weigh anchor, and before the two unfortunates had returned to the shore, the vessels were far on their way. It would be interesting if we could follow the fortunes of the two Irish castaways among the Indians of the Danish West Indies, but history contains no further account of them.