'Alī ibn Yūsuf al-Qifṭī or Ali Ibn Yusuf the Qifti , he was Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wahid al-Shaybānī ; an Egyptian Arab historian, biographer-encyclopedist, patron, and administrator-scholar under the Ayyubid rulers of Aleppo. His biographical dictionary Kitāb Ikhbār al-'Ulamā' bi Akhbār al-Ḥukamā, tr. 'History of Learned Men'; is an important source of Islamic biography. Much of his vast literary output is lost, including his histories of the Seljuks, Buyids and the Maghreb, and biographical dictionaries of philosophers and philologists. See below.
Al-Qifṭi, o Ibn al-Qifti, è stato uno scrittore e storiografo arabo ricordato oggi, principalmente per la sua Kitāb ikhbār al-ʿulamāʾ bi-akhbār al-ḥukamāʾ.
Al-Razi, en árabe: ابو بکر محمد بن زكريا الرازی Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakarīyā al-Rāzī; en persa: زكريای رازی Zakarya-ye Razi, en latín, Rhazes o Rasis, fue un médico, filósofo y erudito persa que realizó aportes fundamentales y duraderos a la medicina, la química y la física, escribiendo más de 184 libros y artículos científicos. Dedicó dos libros de medicina a Mansur ibn Ishaq (en): El físico del alma y La medicina de Al-Mansūrī.
Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī was a reputable Shafi‘i Muslim hadith scholar and historian who was born in Cairo. Al-Sakhawi refers to the village of Sakha in Egypt, where his relatives belonged. He was a prolific writer that excelled in the knowledge of hadith, tafsir, literature, and history. His work was also anthropological. For example, in Egypt he recorded the marital history of 500 women, the largest sample on marriage in the Middle Ages, and found that at least a third of all women in the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Bilad al-Sham married more than once, with many marrying three or more times. According to al-Sakhawi, as many as three out of ten marriages in 15th century Cairo ended in divorce. His proficiency in hadith has its influences trace back heavily on his Shaykh al-Hafiz, ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani. He died in Medina.
Al-Samawʾal ibn Yaḥyā al-Maghribī, commonly known as Samau'al al-Maghribi, was a mathematician, astronomer and physician. Born to a Jewish family, he concealed his conversion to Islam for many years in fear of offending his father, then openly embraced Islam in 1163 after he had a dream telling him to do so. His father was a Rabbi from Morocco.
Ibn Yaḥyā al-Maghribī al-Samawʾal, mais conhecido como Al-Samawal al-Maghribi foi um matemático, físico, astrônomo e médico iraquiano. Tornou-se conhecido por escrever o livro Ifḥām al-Yahūd, o qual repudiava o judaísmo, gerando várias polêmicas e por usar dois conceição da indução matemática para estender os estudos do binômio de Newton e o triângulo de Pascal.
Al-Amir al-Sayyid Jamal al-Din 'Abdalla al-Tanukhi was a Druze theologian and commentator. He has been described as "the most deeply revered individual in Druze history after the hudud who founded and propagated the faith". He is mostly famous for writing many books referred to as "al sharh" or الشرح in Arabic which means "the explanation". As their title suggests, these books are a deep explanation of the Epistles of Wisdom. His tomb in Aabey, Lebanon is a site of pilgrimage for the Druze.
He is credited with establishing a council of Initiates which brought together the Druze of the Chouf mountains.
Abul-Hasan Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn Al-Musawi connu sous le nom de Al-Sharif al-Radi est un savant chiite et un poète, né en 359 AH / 970 CE à Bagdad et mort en 406/1015 dans sa ville natale. Il est le compilateur du Nahj al-Balagha et a recueilli ce livre 400 ans après la mort de Ali ibn Abi Talib.
