Johann Ludwig Tobler was a Swiss philologist and folklorist. Born in Hirzel in Zürich, Switzerland, he was an older brother of philologist Adolf Tobler (1835–1910). Ludwig Tobler died in Zürich.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.
Ludwig Ritter von Höhnel was an Austrian naval officer and explorer. He was trained at the naval academy in Fiume, then part of the Austrian empire. His brother was the naturalist Franz Xaver Rudolf von Höhnel (1852–1920).
Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises was an Austrian-American Austrian School economist, historian, logician, and sociologist. Mises wrote and lectured extensively on the societal contributions of classical liberalism and the power of consumers. He is best known for his work on praxeology studies comparing communism and capitalism.
Ludwig Pastor, later Ludwig von Pastor, Freiherr von Campersfelden, was a German historian and a diplomat for Austria. He became one of the most important Roman Catholic historians of his time and is most notable for his History of the Popes. He was raised to the nobility by the Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1908. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. He is considered by some to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th century.
Ludwig Zeller Ocampo (1927-2019) was a Chilean poet and surreal visual artist. He was born in 1927 in Rio Loa in northern Chile to an immigrant father who worked in mining. After gaining a reputation as an innovative avant-garde artist, he directed the Gallery of the Ministry of Education from 1952 to 1968. In 1971 he moved to Toronto, Canada with his wife, the artist Susana Wald, and three of their four children. In 1993, he and his family moved to Oaxaca, Mexico, where he lived until his death in 2019. His poetry is noted for its visual influences and use of collage. He directed several magazines throughout his career and described himself as a "researcher of speculative and algorithmic cultures."
